enexaltio a miguoprocessdt iCuoproconét is in the year XH ; miGeopraceno' 3 HB the Whit miGuprocendt YH has kb m 5 St has ys vachons © Ht isa Péog Te & Andel S008: Hb a GE micuopoudl 3 fplel fo: dis eit micreperentl ae es Pati [dnactive) | 2H har lokb memory 8H has Gyr memor 3 4 hak us 4nrskuctios 3-H ha st dnaltuctiont Pet Sec 4 dt hat PMos Technology. Yt is fastor than Sogo Intel 5. HB a Sow- process! S4E IS NMOS Techno Need 3 power Supplies 4 Sntel Sorel ta#8)~ gogeliats): 4p At Bee ah 8080 Cpu adt has Lmb memo 3 Yoo nanoiec clock Gycle time y a had mote steristdt and additional 4natwuctions, cH iB Used in PC 5. gutol Gol86 (1988): 4B alioa Lébit miGuoprocensl hat [mb memo . is never ve de Pc>. dntel RAKE (1783): 4E_W a te-bil miGu procemel > how hi hay ith it has t petfdmance wit memby management and Prvlection 3M hak extia additional 4ulcuctions » Next Greneraitions : 7 btel 808 86 YW Pentium ao 7 wndel SoURG 5 fentium ag 3 | + Pentium 3 bulain an. + dalort vesyion f 4Sntel 1d paces. 6 Pentium y rwis a TOrT, ETC Aithineic & Lopical @hataction I Add] AOC CBU) © Svs] teot 3M Tnue - & CntO _ OW | XD IV 1 AAA Ine] vec to. ALAM 5: NEG bee th AAD 12. DAA DASa io) 8) (onlerds ig btn ye Reqiston ot cn 4, Betraon repislen (61) Memby dotation. 2 Called top eX: ADD AX, olooH | Add AX, BX pPOC- ddd with Cony: “npo" pith Srsltaction to! per fs the Same eperatbion. a BAB. Seltucla (bi Addl the Cory flog git 4o the Result | DL ABR AX eemnne tds | fre Ax, Bx: ADE Ax, (SH), ADE Ax 3SUB -Sulstiaction : | the Subbiact snsttuclion it to subtbiacts an drmediate data (8) Content ¢ the memory Location (8) Continli — Rogislen fromthe destination Registen ls) ‘ Ok SUB AK, O1OOH', SUB AX, BX: SUB reer 13 MuL| DMuL: His an Snstuction +c pectin -the with Sncement 1) ckctement to the MUL" 4nd Kuction. OF Moby AOS ARB MUL; AL BL > AK. (PIMUL 8 a ruttiplication Signed Numbow, 4 o1v| Pow: matbtplicaition operation oltrg Juttuction’ is Called 4 isan §nbuction to porttden Division operat nin a bina Nusebsescs pe q et: ; AX Ot DIV BL; rig Div Bx, OxX-Ax Bx Low is a diwivion 43 Signed Numbersans INC] Dee: dncvement Pr 4 4 is an dnaltaction to perféir to Te ‘ i tee ¥ the gyciied wogisten (aD memiy location i T Ard they | ‘ 5 he i, ao Jriltuelion alio efkectt the (hog ee Ofaept bea 4 Hoy ou DN AX, TNC (el; Hc [Scoot i data Dec: Oecrement H i an dnvtaction to subbiact “a! pom the Gntent qg + othe Specified Register it) ermeny dotation: This Snttuction iy a, effect. the ” oqulopccgt the coy Hog OL DEC AX; de e{ x), o€c [sco] + GNEG: Negative HB an drattuction 40 perloim the Nepalite Numbers in's) Gmplement operation” EN NEG AL a's. Coxploment AL= yan uo@ , 7 0100 ooto IS- {ott ttol eo Peat- BEY | forliyro (B) ce) Rewwlt : gen \ + mp, t 4a an 4nstuction to Gomapaset the Source and geitination valu ty Note: 0>$ —scpig O0 CF20 18 ce: with Borrow HH an on +o perféim the Ca with Borrow opvation FCD: Caray with garter y ir Ht an guktuction to Gonvert the ips hd > Gy double adbio. AAA: ASCE Adjust $6 addition. St is an dusttuction i wil pertors \0: tn - a ‘the addlition ope vation by wring Ascii an “ALAR: weil f AM ASCH Adjust 18° mMuuttiplication..4¢ isan dasjeuction it will ea Mul ALCL Pevform ~the multiplication operation | using ARM. ASCit Code BARD: MGI adjust 3° Division Mis on duultuction iLwill faldm eX AAD the division Operation ing Addi Code. ow eg BOAR: Decimal Adjust af tex Addition. is an Arituction Convert thre Hoult to a valid when two ungacted BCD Numbou arte added DAL: Recimal Adjust aflox Sulitlaction 4 i on 4niktuction the stetull ef Subtraction ¢ tw0 packed Bp | Numbe toa valid Number. i 1, ge Leit! 4 iad epatin Bets acc \ ay 8 wed to stéle the Afstmation wrth a uti. perl Comp cithor progtiannt (a) cbta. “the prams ard the data cannot be wed dvecly pon a disk: (8) CO, but itis must be First moved Pox | nen Mend | + ; | Landon Read o ® | iced P i t AcceM Hi m festi} = EPtom [29 wopmctic] Sf Prdoive | tape)" Had dtive! - —EE Prom , ; 4) (RAM) Pde ohy CPA ere rent mondy a iy pl ay ly ny erasable progrranwralte xeod only membyat The meupopwncarss’ Need to have egtornal memby tot Aon, . Micsopwocensd! ? In ALS 8085 mibropwcerss' all-the Insluckons aste Sted in edlonal ener bep then -the Snsbuclions aste oxectitid 4 1 & & ome- by one. # the 085 rnicscoprocens' does not Contains t0 -the Slang q mi in 8085: MP Gn this micscopsocend! the count segiatou is dow Stabe Kanal Aco Mendy (Seat): the ski Rarcon Aag meray 8.0. one-tye ¢ paleo marty ard. each Cell 15 ede PG a Hip-fap. om lato Applications, Drei Cordon sect Womb (ORM) $i the tye pola merdl Srthis each mumdy Cll i mece yf tally bow Ha. ind. | capacita Tanai: is a 3. toxnival desice Jed uedto Switch (onlore| * Copact®l: 4 iS ured to side the power (6!) eleclwicty, itan Coustt of atetminals be (+Ve, Ve) 4H Gn howe tumor coll, se The pesuonal Gompuilos aste mode DRAM. | Read 0 memay (Rom): |e Sf EY oe [> bk can 0 be stead by the procaml ifthe data 16 Sisto Bitten aes manutfockating phase tM Us dowe and RAM, : 2 Thoxte axle cliffertent typ. ROM, EPROM ; electrically programmable stead only on HEP EOM: cechitlly erainble pepammable sed only wer # PROM: Prypermable Acad oy merdyP prom Can be pogtammed using a . a \* oe in PROM. programmer. q . l MiGte Comput Mems dd yer linef Ant L Ag t If | | - Jb wb WZ F gos | Fett Cie) Lae |} Mpy |, wil] vi vi, D+ K I TT bata bus JL | ee | Conlvcol Bus ihe Above figure the rnleco Compton ard & it Can Conwitl ¢ fedyeys Bus, Bata Ieus (08), Control us (8), memby ard dapub ecitput dersices, the micwo it's wék based on ‘the given Snseuuctions ard tt will be executed by the paper Bt Ne\ prow and oxphin the rin "lagna / { HORG miowoprocont! ond, Pin dicgrarn ( pote mnioueprcot » U Wwe Me ae norg [0\5 bE note (ss He feat [64 7 cE ave | lec Cc ae nse 1 6EE! | 8 nny | 0 2 | iH ealar, ‘ Falate | 6 e | k | a | ; A Ty | APIS- Ady: 4 ; Sh goes JPPIB- Alo: Thete pied ack at the mubig MGW PIOCEHE Yoh on ted addrowt ard stabs ¢ the jthe pint al dat. AFI, pink Cov the adden when ALE-0 then 2 Ma|se-erefsd: there pi | S3: These pind ase muti clered +, . e o provide the adebioy on (MM1-94) acl the status pi arte (¢-S3 the | late Od the oddtew, ALE-0 Covey the l, the S08 petdmr the ern atcadudile operation SMI Fo>0,the foto patdmt the alo fperacbion IS WR: uslile -the data SH TARO the f0%6 Con bd The data fo memo U8) Fo dit thao she dats te. ottR: the D71R isthe Sarat is used to Conbel flow deca divection in LE the erkeuat data eufers S808 6 (Lom Ut ce:» Gotlpet, the 06 data bus a Panini te data. 5 4 dilR-o, No data bus 1 Receiving the ‘TH OFN: the dakabus enabled the fal Ackvalts exloural dakn Guten » MOENEO, -the data i Hassfor othe databut ¢ tole » WoEN=t) No data flows in the databus NP adden Latch enable: $ ALE=1 the mutlipler addeen) deckabut ( pois Aer) § * muatlipler addwes ef the Satis (ADI7(6- ADIe/s3) the Hgrolk axe Gntaw : an addtey urhich Can be memory | Po adldwem : it INA: dnlevvupt ack. « iba HOpoue to the INTR (4ndeurug Kesporte) » Srput pin. & wher to place the Sakervupt inthe dotabus. PP HOLD: GF the HoLd=I -the S08 Complelts the execution # awsert Srytuction » ard places if addvelt ard data >the Gritiel busel ia high Gopedance Seite 7 > Bf HoLD-0 the L0kG prcrendt executts the Souci burably SE HLDA: the Code Ack Sigral Sodicalin that fore eilit in the toLo state > ardit ib Connected tothe HLA Sopul ping DHA p | tines ose Seals P LOCK The ouffut Ht wed fo phourheral ¢ the Sytem $f is acivabed ty > wing prefix 6) ony Snattuction. "8 Relerte— RB| Ect: this Prd axe wied in bidirectional arch it wiedto ; stepace -the paA opevation in Sore: 2 Quand Qo: the 'g’ status pint B40 tlewthe satis gf the Ll ‘6's’ iM 8086 MP. Qs ie Function. Oo 0 Queue is de o 1 fint bylt is reed ftom Gucwe I 0 Queue iS emp ' ( fubiquerd byt'¢ operation Code Kamthe Queue GS: the state Indicator the function of Gusvrent Bu cycle eae “ASo St So Function 0 00 jnutevuupt Acknowledgement * Glo + 7 ae Flo udite o 1) ei = optede fetch | memory yeod memory Write 1 Ut Rasive{Snactive) u| Wluite an Avembly da Loge roam (A) 4 ap a lé-bit Addition by vaing TAM SoHwate: Sowice- Code: ASSUME CS:CODE , OS: pATA, ES: EXTRA SEGMENT DATA SEGMENT OPRA DWALEIH OPk2 BW locoH DATA END EXTRA SEGMENT SUM DW ? EXTRA ENDS CODE SEGMENT START : Mov AX, DATA MOV Ds, Ax: | EGLUSTER ADPRESSING MODE MDV AX, EXTRA Mov ES AX Mov AX) OPRA IIDIRETT ADPRESSING MODE APD A, OPR2; I] DIRECT APDRBRESGING ModE MOV Sum, PC; |] DIRECT ADDRESSING MODE: INT 03H CODE ENDS END START ENDSpun pee eee ye 4 aplain the 4 pols in. go51 midco Conds Ue gnu: t 4n that Sool muliodonbup lle -the total a pint ate UpAT ie, pr pAcy - asushen each pét ake Spink: 2 Sncthot §051 milo Conbioller tt Can provide +5V power typply vyoctiage tothe chip WUAncthe newt pid axe denoted af Vec, NP, x TALL, VTALA, RST, EA NL PSEN:"6 The each pdt Connsts of lath and the oulpuk diver ard the sput "tutes 6 4n 051 mibuoGonbioUien in the pét-I only it perkon input and ouput operation it dow not have any funckons + the Below Fique shouss the pin-cleg rom ¢ Rost micocontio ler with pals: (2p) gak-t YF Pol (#01) BAT food (Fon) 367" fo-t (ap2) | Bt Pool (ro \ ft -0 MT fol (ADC b 9-29 pit) xy F (| peat ante t (Ao) 31 EA apracs pak oxi) (vorre 24+ Pre [aptu) a6T PS Apis) act fi (non) sul A3 diay | poe? az Pg ra | (ai-2tpey) 2ab Pat (A01) eo PO (Dg) a) Pin-diagram of g051 miveolonktoller tere dt-0, pbt-8, pdt- Flo opevedtios ui tunchow ne r = ee vi "4 orc alto peridm —7Pdt-0 (Pootopi-7): the polo Can be wed as simple Sipul-& qutput opuchions orbit ik a vidirectional tow bdot adds and data bul $d enletnal wren (ArtoADA) fs Adve , 0> kata —ppdt-t(Protopra): the PSH Can be wed a4 ilo operations only #4t doein't hove alkernati functions *the pats pins ate [1408) pind > pdt-a[ fo Pat): the PSE Hb uted at to f operation ard witdte Supe a hight Sd. adder byes in tergption with pbt-o (lox) dolor bf CEC KORDOVHOECKKCCKUHEKCECKHVEE EET Trrer rw ~~~SS Yo addiew exkeanal memdy. Jt Conteuin( (20-31) Piel > pdt-3 (toto py dk dn the pot-3 can wed asthe ile opereilent and 4 Hthe alleccnate function! such as RXD TxD, INTA rENTAL FE, TW RD whee, Rxp= Roceivest| steceives the data Txp-Trantmily the data INTAD = Intenupt o INTAL > Srderupt t Te = Timeto Th = Timent Wee white Q- $n-the above special einem functions and date {canamission ‘i —sTthe pdt-3 Gan be wed fo either lo ld) one ¢ the allowate Functions as shown in Table. Pins aUlexrat use ecial function Register Py0- RxD esti data. put cwreo!!”SCt*~CS~S Pt TxD Sosial dota oulput Spur Ps &- INTo entestnal §ntervupt 'o’ Teon-| P3- INTE ertoxral Sntersupt tl! TloN-3 4 = To onkesenal timo'g’ iP TMoD-0 Peo Th enteral Hoe!’ Olp | Mop Fy 6 — WR | external udile pulte _Pot~ RD | evletnal Real Pulte f=ails rae ™— evelopment Tools ¥ Aen ie ep ceckynat Tol Aiembly fanqeys rey Jevnugt and dinK gf Qo, the tooli Avemblert, compilest, i 7 Mott gomilatel Tm, MaAsM, ARM, So ele Preqramuniog rect: FMachine Language pronam ( ML?): ny St is ued hk a Sali which is inthe fam of o's§ |s ina binary @de B AemUly Ldrguage program (ALP) dt In the Bor oF en text famat yhich Can be undorttand by the wen 3 Hide Love Popes (HLP): 4 ub wed inthe harquoge é ‘Cc! Tava) ‘py tton’, le dite Inthe editét we lile-the peren eithon in ap li Hf. 5 AMemblen: Wa seftuaie -to-tanilater ALP{o MUP 6 Compiled: 4t is alto Hanilate Hig Lovel e to : ae Kouel Lar ft ote it Snbespreton : gt.is uted -to execute HLL (High devel ‘ony and it Can Run the pryam tats, line thon Compress Compiles! Slinkert: dt us Linky atthe object filet of the Congilet ant Nembleys with the weda tibary 9. Exes $ is wed in to faethe it Se the output inthe senlatd lo HEX: 4t is wed to (aad the miGeopreces’'1B) micoceteotlen's “the Block dicgvam atepretentation { the: pally dara aye ch inthe propram ant Progvam tm ROM ¢ ayoung cleus Loy ment far u ' ud (he prey Block Dagram Edit Gompiler| Mhembles } Srtexp ‘te WLP Soule Compiler object ; file dnterpreten |p. 1, - N ounce obect Arf fembles E tile” Avemblen — c