UNIT 1 Practical:
1. Pestle and mortar: It is used for homogenizing or grinding tissue samples. The homogenized samples
are required for viral/ bacterial isolation, nucleic acid extraction etc.
2. Petri plates: It is used for keeping the solid media for isolation of bacteria from clinical samples. Petri
plates allow easy counting and observation of colony growth
3. Prescription bottle: It is used for storage of bacterial cultures or other microbial samples. It is also
used in cell culture for growth and propagation of cells in-vitro.
4. Roux flask: It is used for culturing bacteria in large quantities. It can also be used in cell culture for
growth and propagation of cells.
5. Inoculation loop: it is used for transferring bacterial colony and for streaking samples onto culture
media.
6. Inoculation straight wire: It is used for bacterial motility testing in semi solid media and for
preservation of bacterial culture by stab culture technique.
7. Milk dilution bottle: It is used in sample preparation and microbial enumeration. It is also used in cell
culture for growth and propagation of cells in-vitro.
8. Arnold’s flask with glass beads: It is used for collection of defibrinated blood for preparation of blood
agar media.
9. Pasteur pipette with rubber bulb: It is used for collection of liquid samples like heart blood, allantoic
fluid etc
10. Bacteriological colony counter: It is used to count bacteria and estimate bacterial load in a sample.
11. Sterile swab: It is used for collection of semisolid clinical materials like fecal swab, nasal swab etc.
12. Scintillation vial: It is used for collection and storage of samples.
13. Sugar tubes: It is used in certain bio-chemical tests like sugar fermentation/ citrate utilization/
urease production/ H2S production tests.
14. Cavity slide: It is used for motility testing in bacteria by the hanging drop method.
15. Magnetic bar: It is used for stirring and mixing of suspensions.
16. Perspex plate: It is used in agglutination test.
17. Porcelain plate: It is used in agglutination test.
18. Staining rack: It is used for placing the microslides while performing staining procedures.
19. Tripod stand: It is used for holding conical flasks/ beakers etc during experiments which require
heating or boiling of samples/ suspensions etc. The height of the stand is adjusted to allow the
placement of a spirit lamp or Bunsen burner underneath.
20. Sample collection vial: It is used for collection of samples like blood, urine, saliva, or tissues etc. for
laboratory analyses.
21. Membrane filter assembly: It is used for sterilization of heat sensitive suspensions/ solutions etc
22. Micro centrifuge tube: It is used for centrifuging small quantities of liquids. The microcentrifuge
tubes can withstand high-speed centrifugation, making them suitable for separating cellular
components or precipitating proteins
23. McIntosh and Fildes anaerobic jar: It is used in production of an anaerobic environment during
cultivation of anaerobic and microaerophillic bacteria.
24. Membrane filters (Syringe filters): it is used for sterilizing liquids in small quantities for various
microbiological studies.
24. Seitz filter assembly: It is used for sterilization of heat sensitive suspensions/ solutions etc.
25. Micropipette: It is used for precise measurement and transfer/ dispensing of small volumes of
liquids (in microlitres).
26. Microtips: These are used with micropipettes for precise and accurate dispensing of liquids.
Microtips come in various sizes and are designed to fit specific micropipettes.
27. Magnetic stirrer: It is used to mix liquids (solutions, buffers, reagents, media etc.) to maintain
uniformity and homogeneity.
