Indian Premier League

The Indian Premier League, abbreviated as IPL, is a professional T20 cricket league in India organised by
Indian Premier League
the Board of Control for Cricket in India.[1] Founded back in 2007, it features 10 state and city based
franchise teams.[2] The IPL is the most popular and richest cricket league in the world and is held between
March and May. It has an exclusive window in the Future Tours Programme of the International Cricket
Council, resulting in fewer international tours occurring during the seasons.[3] It is also the most viewed
Indian sports event, per the Broadcast Audience Research Council.[4][5]

In 2010, the IPL became the first sporting event to be broadcast live on YouTube.[6][7] In 2014, it ranked
sixth in attendance among all sports leagues.[8] Inspired by the success of the IPL, other Indian sports Countries India
leagues have been established.[a][11][12] The IPL is the second-richest sports league in the world by per-
Administrator Board of Control for Cricket
match value, after the NFL.[13] In 2023, the league sold its media rights for the next four seasons for US$6.4
in India
billion to Viacom18 and Star Sports,[14] which meant that each IPL match was valued at $13.4 million.[15]
As of 2024, there have been 17 seasons of the tournament. The current champions are the Kolkata Knight Headquarters Cricket Centre, Churchgate,
Riders, who won the 2024 season after defeating the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the final.[16] In just six years, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
the IPL's value has more than doubled, reaching $12 billion in 2024.[17][18] Format Twenty20
First edition 2008
Latest edition 2024
History Tournament Double round-robin format
format Playoffs

Background Current Kolkata Knight Riders

champion (3rd title)
In April 2007, the Essel Group launched the Indian Cricket League (ICL), in partnership with IL&FS.[19][20]
Most Chennai Super Kings
The ICL was not recognized by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) or the International Cricket
successful Mumbai Indians
Council (ICC). Moreover, the BCCI was unhappy about its committee members joining the ICL executive
(5 titles each)
board.[21][22] In response, the BCCI increased the prize money for its domestic tournaments and imposed
Most runs Virat Kohli (8,509)
lifetime bans on players who joined the ICL, which it considered a rebel league.[23][24]
Most wickets Yuzvendra Chahal (219)
TV List of broadcasters
Foundation
Website iplt20.com (https://www.iplt2
On 13 September 2007, as the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 began, the BCCI launched the Indian Premier
0.com/)
League, an annual franchise-based Twenty20 cricket competition.[25] The inaugural season was scheduled to
start in April 2008, commencing with a "high-profile ceremony" in New Delhi. BCCI Vice-president Lalit 2025 season
Modi, who led the IPL initiative, provided details of the tournament, including its format, prize money,
franchise revenue system, and squad composition rules. The league, to be managed by a seven-person governing Winners of the
council, would also serve as the qualifying mechanism for that year's Champions League Twenty20.[25][26] Indian Premier League
Season Winners
To determine team ownership, an auction for the franchises was held on 24 January 2008. The reserve prices for
2008 Rajasthan Royals
the eight franchises totalled $400 million,[24] but the auction ultimately raised $723.59 million.[27] The league
2009 Deccan Chargers
officially commenced in April 2008, featuring Chennai Super Kings (CSK), Mumbai Indians (MI), Delhi
Daredevils (DD), Kings XI Punjab (KXIP), Deccan Chargers (DC), Rajasthan Royals (RR), Kolkata Knight 2010 Chennai Super Kings
Riders (KKR), and Royal Challengers Bangalore (RCB).[28] 2011 Chennai Super Kings (2)
2012 Kolkata Knight Riders
In 2009, the BCCI and other national boards offered amnesty to rival ICL's players and officials, provided they
terminated their contracts. The resulting player exodus and financial difficulties forced ICL to shut down later 2013 Mumbai Indians
that year.[29][30][31] 2014 Kolkata Knight Riders (2)
2015 Mumbai Indians (2)
Expansions and terminations 2016 Sunrisers Hyderabad
New franchises, Pune Warriors India and Kochi Tuskers Kerala, joined the league before the fourth season in 2017 Mumbai Indians (3)
2011.[32] The Sahara Adventure Sports Group purchased the Pune franchise for $370 million, while Rendezvous 2018 Chennai Super Kings (3)
Sports World bought the Kochi franchise for $333.3 million.[32] The Kochi franchise was terminated after just
2019 Mumbai Indians (4)
one season due to their failure to pay the BCCI the 10% bank guarantee element of the franchise fee.[33]
2020 Mumbai Indians (5)
In September 2012, the Deccan Chargers franchise agreement was terminated after the BCCI failed to find new 2021 Chennai Super Kings (4)
owners.[34] In October, an auction was held for a replacement franchise; Sun TV Network won the bid for what
2022 Gujarat Titans
became the Hyderabad franchise;[35] the team was named Sunrisers Hyderabad.[36]
2023 Chennai Super Kings (5)
Pune Warriors India withdrew from the IPL in May 2013 due to financial differences with the BCCI.[37] The 2024 Kolkata Knight Riders (3)
BCCI officially terminated the franchise in October, and the league reverted to eight teams.[38]
2025 TBA
In June 2015, the two-time champions Chennai Super Kings and the inaugural season champions Rajasthan
Royals were suspended for two seasons following their involvement in a spot-fixing and betting scandal.[39] The two teams were replaced for two seasons by
franchises based in Pune and Rajkot.[40][41]
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the venue for the 2020 season was moved and games were played in the United
Arab Emirates.[42][43] In August 2021, the BCCI announced that two new franchises, based in two of six shortlisted
cities, would join the league in the 2022 season.[44][45] In closed bidding held in October, the RPSG Group and
CVC Capital won the bids for the teams, paying ₹7,000 crore (US$830 million) and ₹5,200 crore
(US$620 million), respectively.[46][47] The teams were subsequently named Lucknow Super Giants and Gujarat
Titans.

Several IPL franchise owners have expanded their business by acquiring teams in other franchise leagues, such as
the Caribbean Premier League (CPL), South Africa's SA20, the UAE's International League T20 (ILT) and the
A match during the 2008 IPL inaugural
USA's Major League Cricket (MLC).
season in Chennai
In addition to these acquisitions, Delhi Capitals also bought a stake in MLC's Seattle Orcas.[48]

In 2025, stakes in teams from The Hundred became available. RPSG Group (owners of the Super Giants) bought a 70% stake in Manchester Originals for
around £81m, while Mumbai Indians bought at 49% stake in the Oval Invincibles for £60m.[49] Yorkshire sold 100% of Northern Superchargers to Sun Group
(Sunrisers Hyderabad) for £100m.[50] The GMR Group (Delhi Capitals) had already acquired Hampshire in a 2024 deal, including the club's 51% stake in the
Southern Brave[51] and bought the remaining 49% for around £48m.[52]

Indian Premier League WPL CPL SA20 ILT20 MLC The Hundred

Chennai Super Kings Joburg Super Kings Texas Super Kings

Delhi Capitals Pretoria Capitals Dubai Capitals Seattle Orcas[b] Southern Brave

Gujarat Titans

Kolkata Knight Riders Trinbago Knight Riders Abu Dhabi Knight Riders Los Angeles Knight Riders

Lucknow Super Giants Durban's Super Giants [b]

Manchester Originals

Mumbai Indians MI Cape Town MI Emirates MI New York [b]

Oval Invincibles

Punjab Kings Saint Lucia Kings

Rajasthan Royals Barbados Royals Paarl Royals

Royal Challengers Bengaluru

Sunrisers Hyderabad Sunrisers Eastern Cape Northern Superchargers

Organization
The IPL's headquarters are located in the Cricket Centre, next to the Wankhede Stadium in Churchgate, Mumbai. The Governing Council is responsible for the
league's functions, including the organization of tournaments. As of March 2025, its members included:[53]

Arun Singh Dhumal – Chairman[54][55]

Devajit Saikia – Honorary Secretary BCCI, Member
Prabhtej Singh Bhatia – Honorary Treasurer BCCI, Member
Avishek Dalmiya – Member
Vankina Chamundeswara Nath – Indian Cricketers' Association's representative, Member
CM Sane – CAG Nominee, Member

Player acquisition, squad composition, and salaries

A team can acquire players through the annual player auction, trading with other teams during trading windows, and signing replacements for unavailable
players. Players sign up for the auction[56] and set their base price and are bought by the highest-bidding franchise. Unsold players at the auction can become
replacement signings. Trades require player consent, and any contract differences are covered by the franchise. There are typically three trading windows: two
before the auction and one before the tournament. No trading is allowed outside these windows or during the tournament, but replacements can be signed
before or during the event.

Other notable rules, as of the 2024 season, include:

The salary cap of the entire squad have been allotted a purse of ₹120 crore each.[57]
Under-19 players cannot be picked unless they have previously played first-class or List A cricket.[58]
Player contracts run for one year but can be extended by one or two years if the franchises take up the option. Since the 2014 season, player contracts have
been denominated in the Indian rupee, before which the contracts were in the US dollar. Overseas players can be remunerated in the currency of the player's
choice, at the exchange rate on either the contract due date or the actual payment date.[59] Before the 2014 season, Indian domestic players were not included
in the player auction pool. They could be signed up by franchises at a discrete amount while a fixed sum of ₹10 lakh (US$12,000) to ₹30 lakh (US$35,000)
would be deducted per signing from the franchise's salary purse. This received significant opposition from franchise owners, who complained richer franchises
were "luring players with under-the-table deals." The IPL later decided to include domestic players in the player auction.[60]

The BCCI give 10% of foreign players' salaries to their country's national cricket board.[61]
Based on a 2024 report by Forbes India, the average IPL salary among the top 10 highest-paid players is ₹12.37 crore,[62] the second-highest of sports leagues
in the world. Because players in the IPL are contracted only for the duration of the tournament – less than two months – the weekly IPL salaries are
extrapolated pro data to obtain an average annual salary, unlike other sports leagues in which players are contracted by a single team for the entire year.[63]

According to a report by The Telegraph, IPL players are paid 18% of the revenue, which is the lowest amount compared to other major sports leagues, in
which players receive at least 50% of the revenue. The Federation of International Cricketers' Associations said that IPL players must be paid fairly.[64][65][66]

Prize money
The 2022 season of the IPL offered total prize money of ₹46.5 crore (equivalent to ₹49 crore or US$5.8 million in 2023), with the winning team netting
₹20 crore (equivalent to ₹21 crore or US$2.5 million in 2023) and the second-placed team ₹13 crore (equivalent to ₹14 crore or US$1.6 million in
2023).[67][68] League rules mandate that half of any prize money must be distributed amongst the franchise's players.[69]

Rules and format

The IPL has several rules which vary from the established laws of cricket or those used in other Twenty20 leagues:

IPL games incorporate television timeouts. Each team is given a two-and-a-half-minute "strategic time-out" during each innings. One must
be taken by the bowling team at the end of either 6th, 7th, 8th or 9th over and the other by the batting team at the end of either 13th, 14th,
15th or 16th over. A penalty may be imposed if umpires find teams misusing this privilege.[70]
Since the 2018 season, the Decision Review System (DRS) has been used in all IPL matches, allowing each team two opportunities in each
innings to review an on-field umpire's decision.[71] From the 2023 season, this was extended to allow the review of wides and no-balls.[72]
If the bowling team does not complete its overs in the allocated time, it may place only four fielders outside of the fielding restrictions circle
for the remainder of the innings,[72] or the match referee may impose financial sanctions on the bowling team after the match, with players
fined a proportion of their match fee.[73]
Teams can use a substitute, termed an "impact player", from a list of five players named as possible substitutes. The substitution can be
made before the start of the innings, when a wicket falls, when a batter retires or at the end of an over. Both teams can introduce a substitute
once per match.[74][75]
Teams can declare their playing eleven to the match referee before or after the toss.[74]
A five-run penalty is imposed if a fielder or wicket-keeper makes an unfair movement while the bowler is bowling and the ball is designated
as dead ball.[76][72][74]
Teams can include a maximum of four overseas players in their playing eleven. If a team wants an overseas player as impact player, then it
must include a maximum of three overseas players in their playing eleven.[75]
Teams must include 25 players, with a maximum of eight overseas players.[77]
From the 2024 season, bowlers will be allowed to deliver two bouncers an over. This change in playing conditions was trialled during the
2023–24 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy, India's domestic T20 tournament.[78]

Teams
The IPL began in 2008 IPL with eight teams. Over the years, the league saw several team changes.
Deccan Chargers, were terminated in 2012 due to financial issues and were replaced by Sunrisers
Hyderabad in 2013. Kochi Tuskers Kerala debuted in 2011 but lasted only one season before being
terminated for contract breaches. Pune Warriors India participated from 2011 IPL to 2013 IPL but
PBKS
withdrew due to financial disputes. In 2016, Chennai Super Kings (CSK) and Rajasthan Royals
(RR) were suspended for two years due to the 2013 betting scandal, leading to the temporary DC

inclusion of Rising Pune Supergiant and Gujarat Lions, both of which played in 2016 IPL and 2017 RR
LSG
IPL before being dissolved when CSK and RR returned in 2018 IPL. In 2022 IPL, the league
expanded again with the introduction of Gujarat Titans and Lucknow Super Giants, making it a ten- GT KKR
team tournament. Over time, some teams underwent rebranding, such as Delhi Daredevils
MI
becoming Delhi Capitals in 2019 and Kings XI Punjab rebranding as Punjab Kings in 2021.
Chennai Super Kings and Mumbai Indians remain the most successful franchises, winning five IPL SRH

titles each.[79] As of the 2025 season, the league consists of 10 teams.

RCB CSK

All 10 IPL teams in the cities they are based in

 Team City Home ground Debut Captain Head coach Owner(s)

Ruturaj Chennai Super Kings Cricket

Chennai Super Kings Chennai, Tamil Nadu M. A. Chidambaram Stadium 2008 Stephen Fleming
Gaikwad Limited

GMR Group (50%)

Delhi Capitals New Delhi, Delhi Arun Jaitley Stadium 2008 Axar Patel Hemang Badani
JSW Group (50%)[80]

Torrent Group (67%)

Gujarat Titans Ahmedabad, Gujarat Narendra Modi Stadium 2022 Shubman Gill Ashish Nehra
CVC Capital (33%)[81]

Ajinkya Chandrakant Shah Rukh Khan (55%)

Kolkata Knight Riders Kolkata, West Bengal Eden Gardens 2008
Rahane Pandit Mehta Group (45%)[81]

Lucknow, Uttar
Lucknow Super Giants
Pradesh
BRSABV Ekana Stadium 2022 Rishabh Pant Justin Langer RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group[82]

Mahela
Mumbai Indians Mumbai, Maharashtra Wankhede Stadium 2008 Hardik Pandya Reliance Industries[83]
Jayawardene
Mohit Burman (48%)
Mullanpur, Mohali, Maharaja Yadavindra Singh Ness Wadia (23%)
Punjab Kings 2008 Shreyas Iyer Ricky Ponting Preity Zinta (23%)
Punjab Stadium
Karan Paul (6%)[84]
Manoj Badale (65%)
Rajasthan Royals Jaipur, Rajasthan Sawai Mansingh Stadium 2008 Sanju Samson Rahul Dravid RedBird (15%)
Lachlan Murdoch (13%)[85]
Royal Challengers
Bengaluru
Bengaluru, Karnataka M. Chinnaswamy Stadium 2008 Rajat Patidar Andy Flower United Spirits[86]

Sunrisers Hyderabad Hyderabad, Telangana Rajiv Gandhi Stadium 2013 Pat Cummins Daniel Vettori Sun TV Network[87]

Defunct teams

Team City State Home ground Debut Dissolved Owner(s)

Deccan Chargers Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh[88] Rajiv Gandhi Stadium 2008 2012 Deccan Chronicle

Kochi Tuskers Kerala Kochi Kerala Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium 2011 2012 Rendezvous Sports World

Pune Warriors India 2011 2013 Sahara India Pariwar

Pune Maharashtra Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium
Rising Pune Supergiant 2016 2018 RP-Sanjiv Goenka Group

Gujarat Lions Rajkot Gujarat Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium 2016 2018 Intex Technologies

Timeline of teams

Present teams Former teams Suspended

Players
IPL teams choose players through a structured auction process and retention rules. Before the auction, teams retain a few key players and can use the Right to
Match (RTM) card to re-sign their former players. During the auction, players are listed with a base price, and franchises bid within their fixed budget to build
a balanced squad of batters, bowlers, all-rounders, and wicketkeepers, ensuring they follow squad composition rules (minimum 18, maximum 25 players, with
a limit of 8 overseas players).

Teams rely on scouting networks to analyze player performance in domestic and international leagues, focusing on stats, fitness, and potential. If a player gets
injured, teams can sign replacements from unsold players, and they also use a trading window to exchange players before and after the auction.

The IPL has several rules for an IPL Auction:

Total Purse: For the 2025 IPL season, the total salary cap for each team is Rs. 120 crore.
Minimum Spending: Each team must spend at least 75% of their total salary cap.
Squad Size: Minimum: 18 players, Maximum: 25 players and Maximum: 8 overseas players
Retention & Auction: Teams can retain some players before the auction (retention costs are deducted from the salary cap). Remaining
salary cap is used in the auction to buy new players.[89]
Here is a table listing the most expensive player acquisitions in each Indian Premier League (IPL) season, along with their
respective teams and purchase prices.

List of most expensive player in IPL Auction each year

Year Auction City Player Nationality Team Price INR Ref.

2008 Mumbai MS Dhoni India Chennai Super Kings 9.5 crore [90]

Kevin Pietersen England Royal Challengers Bangalore

2009 Goa 9.8 crore [91]
Andrew Flintoff England Chennai Super Kings Bollywood actress and Punjab
Kings owner, Preity Zinta during
Shane Bond New Zealand Kolkata Knight Riders an IPL Auction
2010 4.8 crore [92]
Bangalore Kieron Pollard West Indies Mumbai Indians

2011 Gautam Gambhir India Kolkata Knight Riders 14.9 crore [93]

2012 Ravindra Jadeja India Chennai Super Kings 12.8 crore [94]
Chennai
2013 Glenn Maxwell Australia Mumbai Indians 6.3 crore [95]

2014 Dubai Yuvraj Singh India Royal Challengers Bangalore 14 crore [96]

2015 Yuvraj Singh India Delhi Daredevils 16 crore [97]

2016 Shane Watson Australia Royal Challengers Bangalore 9.5 crore [98]
Bangalore
2017 Ben Stokes England Rising Pune Supergiant 14.5 crore [99]

2018 Ben Stokes England Rajasthan Royals 12.5 crore [100]

2019 Jaipur Varun Chakravarthy India Kings XI Punjab 8.4 crore [101][102]

2020 Kolkata Pat Cummins Australia Kolkata Knight Riders 15.5 crore [103]

2021 Chennai Chris Morris South Africa Rajasthan Royals 16.25 crore

2022 Bengaluru Ishan Kishan India Mumbai Indians 15.25 crore

2023 Kochi Sam Curran England Punjab Kings 18.5 crore

2024 Dubai Mitchell Starc Australia Kolkata Knight Riders 24.75 crore

2025 Jeddah Rishabh Pant India Lucknow Super Giants 27 crore

Editions and results

Final Player of the

Year Final venue
Winner Result Runner-up season

Rajasthan RR won by 3 wickets Chennai Super

DY Patil Stadium, Navi Shane
2008 Royals (scorecard) (http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl/engine/match/33604 Kings
Mumbai Watson (RR)
164/7 (20 overs) 0.html) 163/5 (20 overs)

Royal
Deccan DC won by 6 runs
Challengers Wanderers Stadium, Adam
2009 Chargers (scorecard) (http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2009/engine/match/3
Bangalore Johannesburg Gilchrist (DC)
143/6 (20 overs) 92239.html)
137/9 (20 overs)

Chennai CSK won by 22 runs Sachin

Mumbai Indians DY Patil Stadium, Navi
2010 Super Kings (scorecard) (http://www.espncricinfo.com/ipl2010/engine/match/4 Tendulkar
146/9 (20 overs) Mumbai
168/5 (20 overs) 19165.html) (MI)

Royal
Chennai CSK won by 58 runs
Challengers M. A. Chidambaram Chris Gayle
2011 Super Kings (scorecard) (http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2
Bangalore Stadium, Chennai (RCB)
205/5 (20 overs) 011/engine/match/501271.html)
147/8 (20 overs)

Kolkata Knight
KKR won by 5 wickets Chennai Super
Riders M. A. Chidambaram Sunil Narine
2012 (scorecard) (http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2 Kings
192/5 (19.4 Stadium, Chennai (KKR)
012/engine/match/548381.html) 190/3 (20 overs)
overs)

Mumbai MI won by 23 runs Chennai Super

Shane
2013 Indians (scorecard) (http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/59807 Kings Eden Gardens, Kolkata
Watson (RR)
148/9 (20 overs) 3.html) 125/9 (20 overs)

Kolkata Knight
KKR won by 3 wickets Glenn
Riders Kings XI Punjab M. Chinnaswamy
2014 (scorecard) (http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2 Maxwell
200/7 (19.3 199/4 (20 overs) Stadium, Bengaluru
014/engine/match/734049.html) (KXIP)
overs)

Mumbai MI won by 41 runs Chennai Super

Andre Russell
2015 Indians (scorecard) (http://www.espncricinfo.com/indian-premier-league-2 Kings Eden Gardens, Kolkata
(KKR)
202/5 (20 overs) 015/engine/match/829823.html) 161/8 (20 overs)

Royal
Sunrisers SRH won by 8 runs
Challengers M. Chinnaswamy Virat Kohli
2016 Hyderabad (scorecard) (http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/98101
Bangalore Stadium, Bengaluru (RCB)
208/7 (20 overs) 9.html)
200/7 (20 overs)

Mumbai MI won by 1 run Rising Pune

Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Ben Stokes
2017 Indians (scorecard) (http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/108265 Supergiant
Hyderabad (RPS)
129/8 (20 overs) 0.html) 128/6 (20 overs)

Chennai
CSK won by 8 wickets Sunrisers
Super Kings Wankhede Stadium, Sunil Narine
2018 (scorecard) (http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1136 Hyderabad
181/2 (18.3 Mumbai (KKR)
620) 178/6 (20 overs)
overs)

Mumbai MI won by 1 run Chennai Super

Rajiv Gandhi Stadium, Andre Russell
2019 Indians (scorecard) (http://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/1181 Kings
Hyderabad (KKR)
149/8 (20 overs) 768) 148/7 (20 overs)

Mumbai
MI won by 5 wickets
Indians Delhi Capitals Dubai International Jofra Archer
2020 (scorecard) (https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/8048/game/123
157/5 (18.4 156/7 (20 overs) Cricket Stadium, Dubai (RR)
7181)
overs)

Chennai Kolkata Knight

CSK won by 27 runs Dubai International Harshal Patel
2021 Super Kings Riders
(scorecard) (https://www.iplt20.com/match/2021/60) Cricket Stadium, Dubai (RCB)
192/3 (20 overs) 165/9 (20 overs)

Gujarat Titans
GT won by 7 wickets Rajasthan Royals Narendra Modi Stadium, Jos Buttler
2022 133/3 (18.1
(scorecard) (https://www.iplt20.com/match/2022/531) 130/9 (20 overs) Ahmedabad (RR)
overs)

Chennai CSK won by 5 wickets (DLS)

Gujarat Titans Narendra Modi Stadium, Shubman Gill
2023 Super Kings (scorecard) (https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/13703
214/4 (20 overs) Ahmedabad (GT)
171/5 (15 overs) 53.html)
Kolkata Knight KKR won by 8 wickets
Sunrisers
Riders (scorecard) (https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/indian-premier-l M. A. Chidambaram Sunil Narine
2024 Hyderabad
114/2 (10.3 eague-2024-1410320/kolkata-knight-riders-vs-sunrisers-hyderaba Stadium, Chennai (KKR)
113/10 (18.3 overs)
overs) d-final-1426312/full-scorecard)

Narendra Modi Stadium,

2025 TBD TBD TBD TBD
Ahmedabad
Performance by teams

Seasons

Team 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025

Chennai Super Kings RU SF C C RU RU PO RU Suspended C RU 7th C 9th C 5th 10th

Delhi Capitals SF SF 5th 10th PO 9th 8th 7th 6th 6th 8th PO RU PO 5th 9th 6th
Gujarat Titans – C RU 8th

Kolkata Knight Riders 6th 8th 6th PO C 7th C 5th PO PO PO 5th 5th RU 7th 7th C E

Lucknow Super Giants – PO PO 7th E

Mumbai Indians 5th 7th RU PO PO C PO C 5th C 5th C C 5th 10th PO 10th

Punjab Kings SF 5th 8th 5th 6th 6th RU 8th 8th 5th 7th 6th 6th 6th 6th 8th 9th
Rajasthan Royals C 6th 7th 6th 7th PO 5th PO Suspended PO 7th 8th 7th RU 5th PO 9th

Royal Challengers Bengaluru 7th RU 3rd RU 5th 5th 7th PO RU 8th 6th 8th PO PO PO 6th PO

Sunrisers Hyderabad – PO 6th 6th C PO RU PO PO 8th 8th 10th RU E

Defunct Teams

Deccan Chargers 8th C 4th 7th 8th –

Kochi Tuskers Kerala – 8th –

Pune Warriors India – 9th 9th 8th –

Gujarat Lions – PO 7th –

Rising Pune Supergiant – 7th RU –

Active teams are listed alphabetically. Defunct teams are listed by order of entry to the league, then alphabetically.

C: Champions
RU: Runner-up
3rd: Team won the 3rd place playoff; only took place in 2010
4th: Team lost the 3rd place playoff
SF or PO: Team qualified for the semi-final or playoff stage of the competition

Positions each season

Year 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
2008 RR (C) KXIP CSK (R) DD MI KKR RCB DCH

2009 DD CSK RCB (R) DCH (C) KXIP RR MI KKR

2010 MI (R) DCH CSK (C) RCB DD KKR RR KXIP

2011 RCB (R) CSK (C) MI KKR KXIP RR DCH KTK PWI DD

2012 DD KKR (C) MI CSK (R) RCB KXIP RR DCH PWI

2013 CSK (R) MI (C) RR SRH RCB KXIP KKR PWI DD

2014 KXIP (R) KKR (C) CSK MI RR SRH RCB DD

2015 CSK (R) MI (C) RCB RR KKR SRH DD KXIP

2016 GL RCB (R) SRH (C) KKR MI DD RPS KXIP

2017 MI (C) RPS (R) SRH KKR KXIP DD GL RCB

2018 SRH (R) CSK (C) KKR RR MI RCB KXIP DD

2019 MI (C) CSK (R) DC SRH KKR KXIP RR RCB

2020 MI (C) DC (R) SRH RCB KKR KXIP CSK RR

2021 DC CSK (C) RCB KKR (R) MI PBKS RR SRH

2022 GT (C) RR (R) LSG RCB DC PBKS KKR SRH CSK MI

2023 GT (R) CSK (C) LSG MI RR RCB KKR PBKS DC SRH

2024 KKR (C) SRH (R) RR RCB CSK DC LSG GT PBKS MI

2025 GT RCB PBKS MI DC KKR LSG SRH RR CSK

Indicates qualified for playoffs

(C) = Champion; (R) = Runner-up.

All time standings
This section shows records from the league stage only (i.e. excluding playoffs & finals) from 2008 to 2024. Stats are correct as of conclusion of league stage of
IPL 2024.

As of 26 May 2024

Current teams

Appearances Statistics
Team Best result
Total First Latest Played Won Lost Tied+W Tied+L NR Win%

Chennai Super Kings 15 2008 2024 Champions (2010, 2011, 2018, 2021, 2023) 239 138 98 0 1 2 57.74

Mumbai Indians 17 2008 2024 Champions (2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020) 261 142 115 2 2 0 54.40
Kolkata Knight Riders 17 2008 2024 Champions (2012, 2014, 2024) 252 130 117 1 3 0 52.40

Gujarat Titans 3 2022 2024 Champions (2022) 45 28 17 0 0 0 62.22

Rajasthan Royals 15 2008 2024 Champions (2008) 222 110 106 2 1 2 50.91
Sunrisers Hyderabad 12 2013 2024 Champions (2016) 182 87 91 1 3 0 49.17

Royal Challengers Bengaluru 17 2008 2024 Runners-up (2009, 2011, 2016) 256 121 128 2 1 4 48.61

Punjab Kings 17 2008 2024 Runners-up (2014) 246 109 133 3 1 0 45.12
Delhi Capitals 17 2008 2024 Runners-up (2020) 252 112 134 3 1 2 44.44

Lucknow Super Giants 3 2022 2024 Eliminator (2022, 2023) 44 24 19 0 0 1 54.54

Deccan Chargers 5 2008 2012 Champions (2009) 75 29 46 0 0 0 38.66

Rising Pune Supergiant 2 2016 2017 Runners-up (2017) 30 15 15 0 0 0 50.00

Gujarat Lions 2 2016 2017 Qualifier 2 (2016) 30 13 16 0 1 0 45.00

Kochi Tuskers Kerala 1 2011 2011 Group Stage (2011) 14 6 8 0 0 0 42.85

Pune Warriors India 3 2011 2013 Group Stage (2011, 2012, 2013) 46 12 33 0 0 1 26.67

Source: ESPNCricinfo.com (https://www.espncricinfo.com/records/trophy/team-results-summary/indian-premier-league-117)

Defunct team

Tournament summary
Chennai Super Kings and Mumbai Indians have each won five titles, the most in the tournament. Kolkata Knight Riders have won three titles,[104] while
Rajasthan Royals, Deccan Chargers, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Gujarat Titans have each won a single title.[105][106] The reigning champions are the Kolkata
Knight Riders, who defeated the Sunrisers Hyderabad by eight wickets in the 2024 IPL final to secure their third title.

Team Won Runners Up Playoffs Played Seasons Played

Chennai Super Kings 5 (2010, 2011, 2018, 2021, 2023) 5 (2008, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2019) 12 16
Mumbai Indians 5 (2013, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2020) 1 (2010) 11 18

Kolkata Knight Riders 3 (2012, 2014, 2024) 1 (2021) 8 18

Sunrisers Hyderabad 1 (2016) 2 (2018, 2024) 7 13

Rajasthan Royals 1 (2008) 1 (2022) 6 16

Gujarat Titans 1 (2022) 1 (2023) 3 4

Deccan Chargers † 1 (2009) 2 5

Royal Challengers Bengaluru 3 (2009, 2011, 2016) 10 18

Delhi Capitals 1 (2020) 6 18

Punjab Kings 1 (2014) 3 18

Rising Pune Supergiant † 1 (2017) 1 2

Lucknow Super Giants 2 4

Gujarat Lions † 1 2

Pune Warriors India † - 3

Kochi Tuskers Kerala † - 1

† Team now defunct

Records and statistics

A summary of the most notable statistical records associated with the tournament is provided below:

As of May 2025
 Batting records

Most runs Virat Kohli (RCB) 8,509

Highest score Chris Gayle (RCB) 175* vs Pune Warriors (23 April 2013)
Highest partnership Virat Kohli & AB de Villiers (RCB) 229 vs Gujarat Lions (14 May 2016)

Most centuries Virat Kohli (RCB) 8

Virat Kohli (RCB) / David Warner

Most half-centuries 62
(SRH)
Most runs in a season Virat Kohli (RCB) 973 (2016)

Bowling records

Most wickets Yuzvendra Chahal (MI/RCB/RR) 219

Best bowling figures Alzarri Joseph (MI) 6/12 vs Sunrisers Hyderabad (6 April 2019)
Virat Kohli is highest run scorer
Harshal Patel (RCB) 32 (2021) in IPL
Most wickets in a season
Dwayne Bravo (CSK) 32 (2013)
Fielding records

Most dismissals (wicket-

MS Dhoni (CSK/RPS) 200
keeper)

Most catches (fielder) Virat Kohli (RCB) 117

Team records

287/3 (20) vs Royal Challengers Bengaluru (15 April

Highest total Sunrisers Hyderabad
2024)
Lowest total Royal Challengers Bengaluru 49 (9.4) vs Kolkata Knight Riders (23 April 2017)

Source: Records extracted from ESPNcricinfo[107]

Yuzvendra Chahal is highest

Most appearances
wicket taker in IPL

As of 7 May 2025

Rank Player Team Years active Apps Runs Wkts

1 MS Dhoni CSK, RPS 2008–present 276 5,423 –

2 Rohit Sharma DCH, MI 2008–present 268 6,928 15

3 Virat Kohli RCB 2008–present 263 8,509 4

4 Dinesh Karthik DD, GL, KKR, KXIP, MI, RCB 2008–2024 257 4,842 –

5 Ravindra Jadeja CSK, GL, KTK, RR 2008–present 252 3,238 168

6 Shikhar Dhawan DC, DCH, MI, PBKS, SRH 2008–2024 222 6,769 4

7 R. Ashwin CSK, DC, KXIP, RPS, RR 2009–present 220 812 185

8 Suresh Raina CSK, GL 2008–2021 205 5,528 25

9 Robin Uthappa CSK, KKR, PWI, RCB, RR 2008–2022 205 4,952 –

10 Ambati Rayudu CSK, MI 2010–2023 204 4,348 –

Source: Cricinfo[108]
Currently active IPL players appear in boldface.

Awards

Orange Cap
The Orange Cap is awarded to the highest run-scorer at the end of each season. It is an ongoing competition with the current highest-run scorer wearing the cap
whilst fielding. The eventual winner keeps the cap for the season. Brendon McCullum was the first player to wear the Orange Cap and Shaun Marsh the
inaugural winner of the award. Australian batsman David Warner has won the award three times, more than any other player.[109] Virat Kohli of Royal
Challengers Bengaluru, who scored 741 runs during the 2024 season, is the most recent winner of the award.[110][111]

Purple Cap
The Purple Cap is awarded to the highest wicket-taker at the end of each season. It is an ongoing competition and the bowler who is the leading wicket-taker
wears a purple cap whilst fielding. The eventual winner keeps the cap for the season. Bhuvneshwar Kumar and Dwayne Bravo are the only players to have
won the award twice.[112][113] Harshal Patel of Punjab Kings who took 24 wickets during the 2024 season, is the most recent winner of the award.

Most Valuable Player

The Most Valuable Player award, formerly called the "Man of the Tournament" until the 2012 season, is awarded using a ratings system introduced in 2013.
Sunil Narine won the award in 2024.
Fair Play Award
The Fair Play Award is given after each season to the team considered to have the best fair play record. After each match, the two on-field umpires and the
third umpire score the performance of both teams, with the highest-scoring team at the end of the season receiving the award.[114] The 2024 winners were
Sunrisers Hyderabad.

Emerging Player Award

The Emerging Player Award was presented to the best under-19 player in 2008 and the best under-23 player in 2009 and 2010. In 2011 and 2012, the award
was known as "Rising Star of the Year," and in 2013 the "Best Young Player of the Season." Since 2014, the award has been called the Emerging Player of the
Year. Mustafizur Rahman is the only foreign player to win this award.[115] The 2024 winner was Nitish Kumar Reddy.

Maximum Sixes Award

The Maximum Sixes Award is presented to the player who hits the most sixes at the end of the season.[116]

Finances

Title sponsorship
From 2008 to 2012, the IPL title sponsor was DLF, India's largest real estate developer, Title sponsorship fees[117]
which bid ₹200 crore (US$24 million) for the rights for five seasons.[119] After the 2012 Sponsor Period Estimated annual sponsorship fee
season, PepsiCo bought the title sponsorship rights for ₹397 crore (US$47 million) for the
DLF 2008–2012 ₹40 crore (US$4.7 million)
next five seasons[120] but terminated the deal in October 2015, two years before the expiry
of the contract, due to the two-season suspension of the Chennai and Rajasthan franchises Pepsi 2013–2015 ₹79.2 crore (US$9.4 million)
from the league.[121] The BCCI transferred the title sponsorship rights for the remaining 2016–2017 ₹100 crore (US$11.8 million)
two seasons of the contract to Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo for ₹200 crore Vivo
2018–2019, 2021 ₹440 crore (US$52.0 million)
(US$24 million).[122]
Dream11 2020 ₹222 crore (US$26.3 million)
In June 2017, Vivo retained the rights for the next five seasons from 2018 to 2022 with a
2022–2023 ₹335 crore (US$39.6 million)
winning bid of ₹2,199 crore (US$260 million).[123][124] On 4 August 2020, Vivo canceled Tata
the title sponsorship rights due to the military stand-off between India and China at the 2024–2028 ₹500 crore (US$59.1 million)[118]
Line of Actual Control in July 2020.[125] The withdrawal was also a result of Vivo's market
losses due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic; Vivo intended to return as the title sponsor for the following three years.[126] Dream11 became the title
sponsors for the 2020 IPL for an amount of ₹222 crore (equivalent to ₹261 crore or US$31 million in 2023).[127] Vivo returned as the title sponsor for the 2021
IPL season[128] but withdrew again, and was replaced by the Tata Group for the next two seasons.[129] InsideSport reported the BCCI would receive
₹498 crore (US$59 million) for the 2022 and 2023 seasons from title sponsors. Vivo had previously agreed to pay a higher amount for the last two seasons of
its sponsorship contract due to the league's expansion from the 2022 season. According to InsideSport, due to the new deal's structure, Tata would pay
₹335 crore (US$40 million) per year while Vivo would pay the deficit of ₹163 crore (US$19 million) per season.[130][131]

Saudi Aramco brought the rights to advertise on the Purple and Orange caps in 2022.[132]

Payments to foreign national boards

The BCCI pays ten per cent of the auctioned value of players to their national cricket boards. In January 2018, IPL chairman Rajiv Shukla said the IPL would
double the amount paid to cricket boards that made their players available for an entire season.[133] In 2022, Australian Cricketers' Association expressed its
unhappiness about this.[61]

Brand value
The IPL tournament rapidly grew in value between 2016 and 2018. Financial experts valued the IPL at
US$4.16 billion in 2016; that number grew to $5.3 billion in 2017 and $6.13 billion in 2018. A report from Duff &
Phelps said one of the contributing factors in the rapid growth of the IPL's value was a new television deal with
Star India Private Limited, which engaged more viewers because the IPL was transmitted to regional channels in
eight languages; under the previous deal, the transmissions were limited to sports networks with English-language
commentary.[134][135]

In December 2022, the IPL became a decacorn valued at US$10.9 billion, registering a 75% growth in dollar terms Crowd during a match of the 2023 IPL
since 2020 when it was valued at $6.2 billion, according to a report by consulting firm D & P Advisory.[136] season in Kolkata
 Brand value
Year

Team 2024 2023 2022 2021

Brand value Ref Brand value Ref Brand value Ref Brand value Ref
Chennai Super Kings $122M $81M $74M $76M

Mumbai Indians $119M $87M $83M $80M

Royal Challengers Bengaluru $117M $70M $68M $50M

Kolkata Knight Riders $109M $79M $77M $66M

Sunrisers Hyderabad $85M $48M $49M $52M

[137] [138][139][140] [138]
Rajasthan Royals $81M $62M $61M $34M
Delhi Capitals $80M $64M $62M $56M

Gujarat Titans $69M $65M $47M N/A

Punjab Kings $68M $45M $45M $36M

Lucknow Super Giants $60M $47M $32M N/A

In 2022, the BCCI took insurance of ₹5,000 crore (US$590 million) for the IPL. This insurance policy involves all stakeholders, including broadcasters,
ancillary services providers, and sponsors. The BCCI is covered in the case of any revenue losses due to weather, riots, and other unforeseen events.[141]

Broadcasting

2023–2027: Star Sports and JioHotstar

The next cycle of IPL media rights will last from 2023 to 2027 and will be put to auction.[142] In this auction, the broadcasting rights were divided into four
packages. Package A was for domestic television rights, and Package B was for domestic digital rights. Package C was for the digital rights of eighteen non-
exclusive matches, and Package D was for international television and digital rights, further divided into four groups. On 13 June 2022, it was reported the
packages for domestic television and streaming rights had fetched at least ₹397.75 billion (nearly US$5.1 billion) in total, doubling the value of the 2018–2022
contract.[142]

The next day, it was announced that Star Sports had renewed its contract for television rights by winning package A, and that a Viacom18 consortium had
exclusively acquired the streaming rights by winning both Package B and C.[143] The two contracts for Package A and B are cumulatively valued at around
US$6.2 billion; with the new contracts, the IPL overtook the Premier League in English football as the second highest-valued sports media property
worldwide, behind only the NFL, whose new media contracts taking effect in the 2023 season cumulatively fetched US$111 billion.[144][145][146][147]

In February 2023, Viacom18 announced it would stream the 2023 IPL for free on JioCinema with feeds in 12 languages, including English and regional
languages, and in 4K resolution.[148][149][150] The same month, The Walt Disney Company reported its loss of the IPL had contributed to a net loss of 2.4
million Disney+ subscribers worldwide, primarily in India.[151][152]

Ahead of the 2023 IPL, Star launched HD feeds of Star Sports 1 in Tamil and Telugu and announced its free-to-air channel Star Utsav Movies would carry
twelve matches. It was anticipated that viewership of Star Sports' broadcasts may not be heavily impacted by the Jio deal due to its existing market reach
(including as rights holder of India's home matches) and viewers who preferred linear television due to being less familiar with over-the-top services, or
concerns over technical issues associated with such services. JioCinema reported the IPL had 1.4 billion views on the service over the opening weekend, which
was higher than the entirety of the 2022 season on Disney+ Hotstar.[153][154] The 2023 final set a record for the most concurrent viewers of a livestreamed
event, peaking at over 32 million viewers (surpassing a record of 25.3 million set by Hotstar during the 2019 Cricket World Cup).[155][156]
List of broadcasters

Territory Channels Years

Star Sports 1
Star Sports 1 Hindi
Star Sports 1 Kannada
Star Sports 1 Tamil
Star Sports 1 Telugu HD
Star Gold
Star Bharat
2024–2027
India Star Utsav Movies
Star Jalsa Movies
Star Maa Movies
Star Suvarna Plus
Star Vijay Super
Colors Tamil
Asianet Movies

JioHotstar (Internet) 2024–2027

ATN HD
2024
Afghanistan ATN News HD

Ariana Television (Internet) 2024

Foxtel
Fox Cricket 2023–present[157]
Australia Kayo Sports

Kayo Freebies (Internet) 2023–present[157]

T Sports HD 2024
Bangladesh
T Sports APP 2024

Indonesia Vidio (Internet) 2023[158]

New Zealand Colors TV 2024–present
Nepal Kantipur Max 2025

Pakistan Tapmad APP 2024

Ireland Sky Sports

2023–present
United Kingdom DAZN

South Africa SuperSport 2023[157]

Star Sports 1
Star Sports 1 HD
Star Sports 2
Star Sports Select HD 1
Sri Lanka Star Sports Select HD 2

Supreme TV 2023–present
SandBrix (Internet) 2025

United States Willow TV 2023[157]

Middle East and North Africa Times Internet 2023[157]

Sub-Saharan Africa SuperSport 2021–present

Controversies

IPL spot-fixing and betting

In the 2012 IPL spot-fixing case, the BCCI gave a lifetime ban to Deccan Chargers player TP Sudhindra and suspended four other players.[159] In a sting
operation, Pune Warriors India player Mohnish Mishra was recorded stating that IPL franchise owners pay their players through black money. Mishra later
apologized for his incorrect statement.[160][161] On 20 May 2012, police detained Rahul Sharma and Wayne Parnell when they were caught during a raid at a
rave party in a suburb of Mumbai; both the players denied taking drugs or drinking alcohol.[162] However, it was later proven that in reality, they had taken
banned drugs after police tested their urine and blood samples in a lab.[163]

In the 2013 IPL spot-fixing and betting case, Delhi police arrested players Ajit Chandila, Ankeet Chavan and S. Sreesanth on allegations of spot-fixing; they
received a lifetime ban from the BCCI. The police also arrested Gurunath Meiyappan, Chennai Super Kings' team principal and son-in-law of then BCCI
president N. Srinivasan, for illegally betting on IPL matches and passing team information to bookmakers.[164][165]

The Lodha Committee, appointed by the Supreme Court of India, banned Rajasthan Royals (RR) and Chennai Super Kings (CSK) for two years. CSK's team
principal, Gurunath Meiyappan, was found guilty of betting and bringing the IPL and the game into disrepute. After this, the BCCI banned Meiyappan from
involving in the game. Justice RM Lodha said that due to all this fixing-betting matter, the reputation of the game had been hurt quite grievously. "Disrepute
has been brought to cricket, the BCCI and the IPL to such an extent that there are doubts abound in the public whether the game is clean or not," Justice Lodha
said. He further elaborated on his committee's observations and said it had been proven beyond doubt that Meiyappan, CSK's team principal, was heavily
involved in betting on his team.[166]
Strategic timeouts
In its 3rd season in 2010, the IPL administration brought a new rule: "strategic timeout" of seven minutes and fifty seconds duration in each inning. Franchises
and Sachin Tendulkar disapproved of it. Many saw it as the BCCI's use of 'extended drinks break' to earn money; it faced widespread backlash.[167][168] Then-
IPL president said that the rule is intended to allow teams to make strategies during the game. Still, critics disagreed with this argument and said that the
strategic timeout is a way to generate money. Later, the BCCI reduced its duration but still applied it.[168]

These timeouts boost the IPL's revenue; every 10-second slot gets sold for ₹5 lakhs or more.[167] Due to these timeouts, an IPL match halts four times for more
than 10 minutes. As per Sunil Gavaskar, along with many other reasons, strategic timeouts delay the IPL matches, causing them to not end at the stipulated
time of 3 hours and 10 minutes but rather after 4 hours.[169] During the Super Giants versus Mumbai Indians eliminator game in 2023, he uttered on-air, "How
many times batsmen get out after a strategic timeout," indicating that it plays a negative role in immediate fall of wickets by disrupting concentration of the
batters.[170]

Some cricketers have criticized strategic timeouts for interrupting the flow of play. In the past, it even faced Public Interest Litigation (PIL) with the possibility
that ST breaks were being used by bookies to connect with players. In the past, IPL's stakeholders admitted that STs are unavoidable because they provide the
BCCI and broadcasters with additional time for more ads. In 2013, after a spot-fixing matter, then-president N. Srinivasan got sacked due to a pending inquiry,
and Jagmohan Dalmia got appointed as interim president. Dalmia expressed openly that he wants to end STs and take other measures to restrain malpractices
in the IPL.[167]

Incidents with players

In the 2008 edition, after a game, Harbhajan Singh, who was playing for Mumbai Indians, slapped S. Sreesanth. The IPL fined and banned him from the
remaining entire edition. However, years later, he apologized to Sreesanth for it on TV and said that he was ashamed for doing it.[171][172]

In a 2022 interview, Yuzvendra Chahal revealed two incidents of physical harassment that happened with him while he was with Mumbai Indians. In 2013, at a
party of the team in a building, a drunken teammate took him to the balcony, overpowered him and hung him from the 15th floor of the building. Yuzvendra
said he narrowly survived that day.[173][174][175] In another incident, two teammates, including Andrew Symonds, tied him up, gagged his mouth and threw
him into a hotel room. He remained alone in that room the entire night. When the hotel room service arrived in the morning, they untied his hands and
legs.[176] He did not reveal the names of the offenders involved in the first incident. Reacting to these revelations, Virender Sehwag expressed that he wanted
Yuzvendra to reveal the offender's name, and furious Ravi Shastri expressed that the offender should be banned.[174][175]

In 2010, the BCCI banned Ravindra Jadeja from the IPL for one year after he violated the IPL guidelines by not signing a renewal contract with his team
Rajasthan Royals, and instead negotiated a more lucrative contract with other teams through the back door.[177]

Rajasthan Royals ownership dispute

In April 2010, the BCCI president Shashank Manohar said in a press conference that the IPL governing council didn't know who the owners of Rajasthan
Royals (RR) and the Kings XI Punjab (KXIP) were. The initial bid for RR was made by a person named Manoj Bhandale. After that, other firms from
Mauritius were added as shareholders. In response, Shilpa Shetty tweeted that she was a proprietor of RR. Regarding the KXIP, Manohar revealed that in the
team bidding event, only Preity Zinta was interested in buying that team. She said that she would form a firm. She did it and signed a bid agreement with the
BCCI. However, Preity did not have a single share in her name in that firm. Manohar alleged that Shetty and Zinta violated the agreement as prior permission
of the BCCI is mandatory before transferring ownership shares with other people.[178]

N. Srinivasan's ownership of CSK

In 2010, an e-mail leaked in Indian media, according to an Economic Times article, said that former IPL president Lalit Modi helped then-BCCI president N.
Srinivasan to buy Andrew Flintoff in the auction for his team Chennai Super Kings (CSK).[179] Srinivasan was criticized for owning an IPL team due to his
conflict of interests. Former BCCI president A. Muthiah filed a lawsuit against Srinivasan in the Supreme Court of India; he claimed that Srinivasan altered the
BCCI's rules to allow himself to purchase a team. The Lodha Committee banned CSK from the IPL for two years when their team principal, Gurunath
Meiyappan, was found guilty of betting and providing inside information to bookies.[180] The supreme court criticized Srinivasan for buying an IPL team
while serving as the BCCI president; a judge commented, "How can a BCCI chief own a team?"[181] However, he still owns the team and his daughter Rupa
Gurunath often appears in stadiums during CSK's games.

Australian players' dispute with their board

Due to the BCCI giving one-tenth of foreign players' salaries to their respective countries' national cricket boards, a dispute between Australian cricketers and
Cricket Australia started. The Australian Cricketers' Association also opposed the arrangement.[61]

Shashi Tharoor and Sunanda Pushkar's sweat equity in RSW

In 2010, the IPL president revealed that Sunanda Pushkar, wife of the Minister of State for External Affairs Shashi Tharoor, had sweat equity shares in
Rendezvous Sports World (RSW), the proprietor of Kochi Tuskers Kerala. The opposition party BJP agitated against the Indian National Congress. Later, it
was revealed that Pushkar had equity worth ₹70 crore in RSW. Tharoor offered to leave his equity, but many within the Congress party felt that by doing this,
Tharoor pleaded guilty. Due to pressure, the Congress party demanded his resignation. He was the first minister of the United Progressive Alliance 2 who got
slammed for his illegal moves.[182]

Slow over rates

Field umpires sometimes penalize teams by restricting them to having only four fielders outside the 30-yard area, or match referees penalize captains and team
members by reducing their match fees, but these measures have not solved the problem. Games often run at a slow speed and finish late. During the 2024
season, Rishabh Pant, captain of Delhi Capitals, and Shubman Gill of Gujarat Titans were fined ₹12 lakhs each for their teams' slow over rates during matches
against Chennai Super Kings.[183] Millions of viewers feel that IPL matches should be fast-paced.[184]
Negative impact on international cricket
Former India captain Kapil Dev claimed that there was an increasing risk of injury to Indian players from playing in the IPL. He felt that some players avoided
the national team's matches but appeared in all of their IPL fixtures.[185]

Security Issues
During the IPL season of 2009, the then UPA Government refused to provide security by the Indian paramilitary forces, due to the Lok Sabha elections, further
complicated by the attack on Sri Lankan cricket team in Pakistan on 3 March 2009.[186] As a result of this, the BCCI shifted the season to South Africa.[187]

A similar situation occurred during the 2014 season due to the 2014 elections, as then Home Minister Sushil Kumar Shinde declined to provide security.[188]
However, due to different schedule, the tournament was jointly hosted by India and the United Arab Emirates, and the opening 20 matches were held in the
UAE at three different stadiums in Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah, with the tournament returning to India on 2 May.[189]

On 9 May 2025, IPL 2025 was suspended for one week caused by the India-Pakistan border tensions, which resulted from the Pahalgam terrorist attack. The
decision was taken by the IPL Governing Council after consulting all relevant stakeholders.[190][191] The geopolitical tensions caused by the conflict led to
closure of several airports in North India, following which the Indian Railways organized special Vande Bharat trains for players on the request of BCCI.[192]

Exclusion of Pakistani and Bangladeshi players

Following the November 2008 terrorist attacks in Mumbai by Pakistan-based terrorist group Lashkar-e-Taiba, geopolitical tensions surged between India and
Pakistan. The aftermath of the attack led to the unofficial exclusion of Pakistani players from playing in the IPL, as none of them were picked by any team
during the 2009 IPL auction.[193] While they had been selected by several teams for the inaugural IPL season (2008), their contracts were terminated before the
2009 edition. This situation endured "due to political tensions".[194] Among the critics of the BCCI and IPL owners was retired cricketer and former Pakistan
Prime Minister Imran Khan, who stated that they "take it out on Pakistan players". He accused the BCCI of "arrogance" but also stated that "Pakistan should
not worry about it".[195] Certain Pakistani players expressed disappointment about not getting an opportunity to be a part of the IPL.[196][197]

During the 2025 IPL auction on 24 and 25 November 2024 at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 13 Bangladeshi players were registered, out of which 12 were
auctioned.[198] However, none of the players were sold, prompting a backlash from Bangladeshi fans and cricketers.[199] After the auction concluded, the
exclusion of Bangladeshi players was largely supported by Indians following the violence against Hindus in Bangladesh in the aftermath of resignation of
Sheikh Hasina on August 5, 2024.[200]

Explanatory notes
a. Indian cricket leagues established using similar formats to the IPL include the Women's Premier League and various domestic state-level
leagues. Leagues established in other sports include the association football Indian Super League,[9] the Pro Kabaddi League and Pro
Volleyball League[10] Other international leagues have also adopted elements of the IPL and been influenced by the business model used.
b. Denotes minority stakes

See also
Cricket in India
Women's Premier League – Women's T20 cricket league in India.
Sports in India – An overview of sports culture in India
List of professional sports leagues in India
List of cricket leagues in India

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External links
Official website (https://www.iplt20.com/)
Tournament home (https://stats.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/records/index.html?id=117;type=trophy) on ESPNcricinfo
Media related to Indian Premier League at Wikimedia Commons

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