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Science
Stage 8

Paper 2 2025

45 minutes

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
• Answer all questions.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
• You should show all your working on the question paper.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 50.
• The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

3145_02_5RP
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1 This question is about human blood.

(a) Human blood consists of many different components.

Draw a straight line to match each component to its correct function.

component function

protects against
pathogens

plasma

transports
mitochondria

red blood cell

transports nutrients

white blood cell

transports oxygen

[2]

(b) Name the process that gases use to travel between blood and the air in the lungs.

[1]

(c) Blood is important for breathing and respiration.

Describe two differences between breathing and respiration.

[2]

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2 Look at the diagram of Rutherfordís model of the structure of the atom.

A
B

(a) Write down the names of part A and particle B.

B
[2]

(b) Which two types of particle are present in part A?

[1]

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3 Some electrical devices used in the home contain an electromagnet.

Write down the name of one of these electrical devices.

[1]

4 The diagram shows the structure of the Earth.

crust

mantle

core

Complete the sentences.

The Earth's magnetism is mainly caused by electric currents in a liquid.

These electric currents produce a magnetic around the Earth.

The part of the Earth which acts as a magnet is the .

[2]

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5 This question is about health in humans.

Look at the list of important constituents of a balanced diet for humans.

calcium
carbohydrates
fats and oils
iron
proteins
vitamin A
vitamin C
vitamin D
water

(a) (i) Write down the constituent that is most essential for healthy muscle development.

[1]

(ii) Write down the two constituents that are most essential for healthy bone growth.

2
[1]

(b) Health in humans is affected by cancer.

Look at the pie chart that shows factors that cause cancer.

other
26% diet
35%

genetics
6%
alcohol
3%

tobacco
30%

(i) What is the total percentage of cancer caused by diet and tobacco?

% [1]

(ii) Diet and tobacco use are lifestyle choices.

Suggest one other lifestyle choice that causes cancer.

[1]

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6 Priya investigates the changes in temperature during some reactions.

Priya:

• assembles the equipment shown in the diagram

thermometer

lid (with hole)

insulated
container

acid

• measures the temperature of the acid at the start

• adds solid A to the acid

• measures the temperature of the acid at the end after all of solid A reacts
• repeats this experiment with solids B, C and D.
Look at her results.

temperature at start temperature at end temperature change

solid
in oC in oC in oC
A 15 29 +14
B 17 10
C 20 45
D 18 18

(a) Calculate the temperature change for each solid.

Write your answers in the table.
One has been done for you. [1]

(b) Which solid has an endothermic reaction with the acid?

[1]

(c) Suggest a reason for the results with solid D.

[1]

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7 Look at part of a recent news report.

Space telescope discovers remote galaxy

This may be the most distant galaxy from Earth.

Scientists predict that the newly discovered galaxy contains stars.

Suggest two other objects the newly found galaxy contains.

2
[1]

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8 Oliver and Mike run a race.

Look at the distance / time graphs for the race.

80

70

60

50 Oliver

Mike
distance
40
in metres

30

20

10

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
time
in seconds

(a) What distance do Oliver and Mike run in the race?

m [1]

(b) What is the distance Mike runs in the first 8 seconds of the race?

m [1]

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(c) Mike is the faster runner at the start of the race.

Explain how you can tell from the shape of the graph.

[1]

(d) Describe how the graph shows that Oliver won the race.

[1]

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9 Pierre investigates the energy content in different foods.

In his first experiment Pierre:
• uses the equipment shown in the diagram

thermometer

boiling tube

water

burning food

• measures the initial temperature of the water in the boiling tube

• measures the mass of one of the foods
• completely burns the food
• measures the final temperature of the water in the boiling tube
• repeats the experiment with two other foods.

Pierre then repeats the investigation for all three foods two more times.

Look at his table of results showing the measurements taken and the increases in
temperature calculated.

temperature of water in C

food mass of food initial final increase

used in each
repeat in g repeats repeats repeats

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

bread 3.3 32 30 41 40 9 10
...... ...... ......
sunflower
1.7 27 29 30 48 49 47 21 20 17
seeds

biscuit 2.2 30 31 31 42 36 43 12 5 12

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(a) (i) In the first experiment he uses 3.3 g of bread.

The initial temperature of the water is 33C and the final temperature of the water is 42C.

Complete the results table. [1]

(ii) One of the final temperature readings is anomalous.

Write down this anomalous final temperature reading.

C [1]

(iii) Pierre predicts:

ëBread contains the most energy as it has the largest mass.í

Do the results support his prediction?

Tick () the correct answer.

yes no

Explain your answer.

Use data from the table.

[1]

(b) This table shows the mass of the constituents found in 100 g of food X.

constituent mass in g

carbohydrate 35

fat 51

protein 6

water 8

Explain why food X is a good energy source.

Use information from the table.

[2]

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10 Sodium reacts quickly with cold water.

(a) Name the two products of this reaction.

2
[2]

(b) Silver does not react with cold water.

Write down the word used to describe substances that are unreactive.

[1]

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11 This question is about coloured light.

(a) The diagram shows what happens when a narrow beam of white light is shone towards
a special piece of glass.

ray of
white light

........................................ light

........................................

(i) Complete the labels on the diagram.

Choose words from the list.

black lens mirror

prism red violet

[2]

(ii) The white light is split into different colours.

What is the name of this process?

[1]

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(b) Different coloured light from three sources is shone onto the same area of a white screen.

cyan

........................................
blue green

........................................ red ........................................

Complete the labels on the diagram.

Choose words from the list.

indigo magenta pink

orange violet white

yellow
[2]

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12 Solar power is one example of a renewable energy resource.

(a) Write down one use of a solar panel.

[1]

(b) Complete the sentences.

One other example of a renewable energy resource is .

An example of a non-renewable energy resource is .

[2]

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13 Rajiv investigates how the solubility of potassium nitrate changes as the temperature increases.

The solubility of a solid is the number of grams of the solid that dissolves in 100 g of water.

Look at his results.

temperature solubility
in oC in g / 100 cm3 of water
0 13
10 21
20 32
40 64
60 110

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(a) Plot his results on the grid. Some have been done for you.
Draw the curve of best fit.
120

110

100

90

80

70

solubility
in g / 100 cm3 60
of water

50

40

30

20

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
temperature in °C
[2]

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(b) Describe how the solubility of potassium nitrate changes as the temperature of the
water increases.

[1]

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14 Gabriella investigates the strength of an electromagnet.

Gabriella:
• holds an electromagnet above some pins and switches the electromagnet on
• counts how many pins the electromagnet attracts
• repeats the experiment using a different number of turns on the coil of the electromagnet.

(a) Write down one way Gabriella makes her investigation a fair test.

[1]

(b) Here are her results.

number of turns number of pins attracted

on the coil 1st try 2nd try
0 0 0

20 7 9

40 12 13

60 21 37

80 31 33

100 38 42

(i) Explain how the data in the table shows that the results are unreliable.

[1]

(ii) Suggest what Gabriella does to make her results more reliable.

[1]

(iii) Gabriella uses 30 turns of wire on the coil.

Predict how many pins are attracted to the electromagnet.

[1]

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15 This question is about a model used in science.

The concentration of a solution depends on how many solute particles are present in 1 cm3
of water.

The number of people in a room is used as an analogy for concentration.

Explain what is meant by an analogy.

[1]

16 This question is about climate and weather.

(a) Blessy makes four statements about changes in climate and weather.

Complete the table to show if each statement refers to climate change or to

weather change.

climate
statement or
weather

It is a lot colder today than yesterday.

Forty years ago, there was a lot more rain than there is today.

Summers have got warmer over the last three years.

There will be high winds tomorrow.

[2]

(b) Suggest one human activity that causes changes in the atmosphere linked to
climate change.

[1]

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BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment
International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced annually and is available to download at
https://lowersecondary.cambridgeinternational.org/

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

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 The Periodic Table of Elements

© UCLES 2025
Group
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 2
H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
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Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe

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rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118

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actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium nihonium flerovium moscovium livermorium tennessine oganesson
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –