FACILITATING AND LEARNING MATERIAL FOR

UNIT 3: CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE I

LEARNING OUTCOMES

1 Demonstrate knowledge of creativity

2 Demonstrate knowledge of application in creativity
3 Demonstrate knowledge of innovation
 Table of Contents
UNIT INTRODUCTION AND PRELIMINARY NOTE…………………………………………………..ii

ICONS AND THEIR MEANINGS……………………………………………………………………………………….iii

LO 1: Demonstrate knowledge of Creativity…………………………………………………………………..1

PC (a) Explain creativity………………………………………………………………………………………………1

PC (b) State importance of creativity in idea generation……………………………………….…….1

PC (c) Explain barriers to creativity…………………………………………………………….……………….2

PC (d) Outline factors that enhance creativity…………………………………………………………….3

PC (e) State techniques for developing creativity………………………………………………………..5

Self-Assessment 1…………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….6

LO 2. Demonstrate knowledge of application of creativity……………………………………………….9

PC (a) State features of a creative person…………………………………………………………………….9

PC (b) Explain steps involved in developing creativity…………………………………………………10

PC (c)Sketch recognizable objects from circle……………………………………………………………..12

PC(d) State uses of paper clip……………………………………………………………………………………..13

PC (e) Outline available resources for creating business idea…………………………………………….13

Self-Assessment 2................................................................................................................14

LO 3.Demonstrate knowledge of innovation…………………………………………………………………….17

PC (a) Explain innovation………………………………………………………………………………………………17

PC (b) Differentiate between creativity and innovation………………………………………………..17

PC (d) State importance of innovation…………………………………………………………………………..19

PC (e) Outline principles of innovation…………………………………………………………………………..21

Self-Assessment 3……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..22

References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..24
UNIT INTRODUCTION AND PRELIMINARY NOTE
You are welcome once again to this learning material. This material introduces learners to Creativity
and innovation. This unit draws your attention to the knowledge of creativity and innovation and
skill in creativity. After the learning, you will be able to differentiate between creativity and
innovation, gain the skill of creativity, and use this skill to generate business ideas and solve
problems.

This learning material should be used with the unit specification given, as the unit specification will
guide you on the standards stated with all the range statements. You should also be guided by the
evidence requirements so that your learning is relevant to the required standards.

The way the learning material is written is to encourage learner autonomy and initiative (i.e.,
activities that require the learner to work independently of the facilitator and to make decisions
concerning how he/she might approach a task) so that you as a learner can take ownership of your
own learning. Follow the instructions and the steps indicated in the learning material and work as
independently as possible.

The next page shows the symbols (icons) that will be used frequently in this material. It also gives
the meaning of the icons, so that any time you see the icon, you will understand what it means.
Please feel free to ask your facilitator any question you have as you read the material.

Have fun and enjoy reading the material!

ICONS AND THEIR MEANINGS

The meaning of each icon is provided in Table 1. You will come across these icons in the
material, and you should know what each of them represents. Carefully observe the icons and
their meanings.

Table 1: Icons and their meanings

# Icons Meaning

1
Learning Outcome

2 Self-Assessment

Congratulations for going through the icons and their

meanings! We will next look at the activities under LO 1.

 LO 1: Demonstrate knowledge of Creativity

This LO is developed to help you acquire knowledge of creativity, the importance of

creativity, harriers to creativity, factors that enhance creativity and techniques of creativity as per
PC's (a)···(e)

PC (a) Explain creativity

Creativity Is the ability to develop something

new through the use of your imagination,
mind, and experiences.

Creativity refers to the ability to develop new

ideas and discover new ways of looking at
problems and opportunities. It involves using
your brain and imagination to generate novel
and valuable ideas,

solutions, or concepts. It involves thinking outside the box, breaking away from conventional
patterns, and exploring uncharted territories of thought such as new processes to help us do
something better, new ways of using existing products, new services to supply to new or
existing customers, etc. in most cases we think creativity is limited to the artist but creativity is
not limited to artistic endeavours it extends to problem-solving, decision-making, and the
development of new products, services, and processes in various fields. A creative individual
can connect seemingly unrelated ideas, recognize patterns others might miss, and come up
with fresh perspectives such as this way chocolate drink, Koko King. Creativity is the act of
conceiving something new.

PC (b) State importance of creativity in idea generation

Below are some of the importance of creativity:

Competitive Advantage: In a rapidly changing world, organizations that can

consistently generate creative ideas gain a competitive edge.

2. Creativity promotes thinking and problem-solving: Creative thinking is cruciaI for

finding unique solutions to complex problems, whether in science, technology,
business, or everyday life. 1
 3. Creativity is a prerequisite for innovation: Every advancement known to mankind started with a
new idea, and new ideas are inspired by imagination and creativity.

4. It Increases Productivity: Creativity gives you the space to work smarter instead of harder, which
can increase productivity and combat stagnation in the workplace.

5. Cultural Enrichment: Creativity in arts, literature, music, and other cultural spheres enriches
society's cultural heritage and diversity.

6. It allows for Adaptability: Internal and external events can affect a business. For example, the
COVID-19 pandemic impacted a lot of businesses. In such instances, imaginative thinking is
critical to maintaining business operations.

PC (c) Explain barriers to creativity

While creativity is a powerful and essential aspect of human thinking, there are various barriers that
can hinder its expression and development. Below are some barriers to creativity:

1. Fear of Failure: The fear of making mistakes or failing can stifle creative thinking. When
individuals are overly concerned about the consequences of their ideas not being well-
received or successful, they might avoid taking risks and exploring new possibilities.

2. Lack of Confidence: Low self-confidence can lead individuals to doubt their creative abilities.
Believing that one is not creative enough can create a self-fulfilling prophecy and prevent
one from pursuing innovative ideas.

3. Rigidity and Routine: Sticking to rigid routines and established processes can limit exposure
to new experiences and ideas. Creativity thrives when individuals break away from habitual
patterns and explore unfamiliar territories.

4. Conformity and Groupthink: The pressure to conform to societal norms or group opinions
can hinder original thinking. In group settings, the desire for harmony might lead to
groupthink, where creative ideas are suppressed in favor of consensus.

5. Lack of Time and Resources: Creativity requires time for exploration experimentation, and
iteration. A lack of time, along with limited resources, can restrict the opportunity to delve
into creative thinking and problem-solving.
 6. Negative Criticism: Early-stage ideas are often fragile and susceptible to criticism. Harsh or
dismissive criticism can discourage individuals from pursuing their creative visions, leading
them to abandon potentially valuable concepts.

Overemphasis on Practicality: Prioritizing practicality and immediate utility can discourage

the pursuit of seemingly impractical or unconventional ideas. Creativity often emerges from
ideas that challenge existing norms.

8. Fixed Mindset: Individuals with a fixed mindset believe that abilities are innate and
unchangeable. This mindset can discourage efforts to develop creative skills, as people may
believe they are not naturally creative.

9. Stress: stress can impede cognitive functioning and creative thinking. A rested and balanced
mind is more capable of generating imaginative ideas.

10.Lack of Encouragement and Support: A lack of encouragement from peers, mentors, or

leaders can demotivate individuals from pursuing creative endeavours. Positive
reinforcement and support are essential for boosting creative confidence.

11.Narrow Definition of Creativity: Some people might hold a limited view of creativity,
associating it only with artistic pursuits. This narrow definition can discourage individuals
from exploring their creative potential in other domains.

PC (d) Outline factors that enhance creativity

Enhancing creativity involves creating an environment and mindset that encourages the generation
of novel and valuable ideas. Below are some factors that enhance creativity:

1. Open and Supportive Environment: Encouraging an atmosphere where individuals feel safe
to express their ideas without fear of criticism or judgment. Providing opportunities for
open discussions, brainstorming sessions, and idea-sharing. Emracing diversity of thought
and encouraging collaboration among individuals with different backgrounds and
perspectives.

2. Curiosity and Exploration: Cultivating a sense of curiosity and an eagerness to explore new
topics, ideas, and experiences. Encouraging a willingness to question assumptions and
challenge existing norms.
 3. Freedom to Fail: Creating a culture where failure is seen as a stepping stone to success rather
than a negative outcome. Allowing individuals, the freedom to take risks, experiment, and
learn from their mistakes.

4. Time for Reflection: Providing time for individuals to step back from day-to-day tasks and
engage in deep, contemplative thinking.

5. Diverse Experiences: Exposing individuals to a wide range of experiences, cultures, and

perspectives. Encouraging interdisciplinary learning and collaboration to stimulate cross-
pollination of ideas.

6. Playfulness and Experimentation: Incorporating playful activities and exercises that promote
imaginative thinking. Creating an environment where experimentation and unconventional
approaches are encouraged.

7. Autonomy and Ownership: Allowing individuals to take ownership of their projects and
ideas, giving them a sense of responsibility and motivation to innovate. Granting autonomy
in decision-making can boost intrinsic motivation.

8. Exposure to Stimuli: Providing exposure to diverse stimuli such as art, literature, nature,
and technology, can inspire new ideas. Encouraging individuals to explore different sources
of inspiration outside their immediate field.

9. Practice Mindfulness: Fostering a culture of mindfulness can improve cognitive functioning

and creative thinking.

10.Feedback and Collaboration: Offering constructive feedback and engaging in open

discussions to refine and enhance creative ideas. Promoting collaboration and the
exchange of ideas among individuals with complementary skills.

11.Continuous Learning: Encouraging a commitment to lifelong learning and personal

growth. Providing opportunities for individuals to acquire new knowledge and skills.

12.Inspiration from Failure and Challenges: Viewing failures and challenges as opportunities
for growth and innovation. Using setbacks as sources of inspiration for creative problem-
solving.

PC(e)State techniques for developing creativity

Below are techniques for developing creativity:

1. Brainstorming: This technique is a process in which a small group of people interact with
very little structure to generate many ideas, without judgment, to encourage free
thinking.

Mind Mapping: Another useful tool for creativity is mind mapping, an extension of
brainstorming. In mind mapping, you create visual diagrams representing ideas,
concepts, and relationships. Mind maps can help you see connections between
seemingly unrelated ideas. One strength of mind mapping is that it reflects how the
brain works.

3. Force-Field Analysis: Force-field analysis is a useful technique for evaluating the forces
that support and oppose a proposed change. It allows entrepreneurs to weigh both
the advantages and the disadvantages of a particular decision and work to maximize
the variables that support it and minimize those that work against it.

4. Mindfulness and Open-Mindedness: Being present at the moment and open to new
experiences can help you notice details and connections that might otherwise go
unnoticed.

5. Brainwriting: Brainwriting works similarly to brainstorming and promotes idea

generation within a group setting. In a brainwriting session, the group identifies a
problem statement or central idea related to their project. Each participant then
writes a list of ideas or potential solutions independently.

Congratulations! You have come to the end of LO1 in this unit. Let's take
some assessment.
 Self-Assessment 1

This learning outcome (LO) has a little quiz at the end. I recommend you take this whole quiz without looking
back for any of the answers. This is meant to help you determine how well you have understood this learning
outcome. Now assess yourself with the questions below.

1. Entrepreneurs must be creative to think outside the box, create value, useful unique products,

services, ideas, procedures, or processes. In your own words explain creativity

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2. Creativity is one of the most required skills nowadays. with the development of machine

learning and artificial intelligence, organizations need creative thinkers who carry new ideas to the table.
State five importance of creativity in generating ideas in your trade

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2. Creativity boost productivity and make organizations successful yet most entrepreneurs do

not use their creativity. State any five barriers to creativity that entrepreneurs should know
and avoid in order to be more creative
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4. Adwoa an entrepreneur friend of yours have heard that creativity is vital to the success
of every entrepreneurial venture. State five factors that enhance creativity to Adwoa

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5. There are numerous techniques in developing creativity. State any four techniques for
developing creativity

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 L O 2. Demonstrate knowledge of application of creativity

This I,O in developed to help you acquire skills in creativity and know the features of a creative
person as per PC's (a)-(e).

PC (a)State features of a creative person

Below are some features often associated with a creative person:

1. Imagination: Creative individuals possess a vivid and expansive imagination, allowing

them to envision possibilities, scenarios, and ideas beyond the ordinary.
2. Open-Mindedness: Creativity is often linked to a willingness to explore new concepts,
perspectives, and experiences. Creative people tend to have open minds and are
receptive to new ideas.
3. Curiosity: A strong sense of curiosity drives creative individuals to explore various, ask
questions, and seek out new information. This curiosity fuels their desire to learn and
innovate.
4. Originality: Creative people approach problems or projects from different angles,
leading to innovative solutions.
5. Flexibility: Creativity thrives in adaptable minds. Creative individuals are willing to
adapt their thinking and approaches when faced with challenges, setbacks, or new
information.

6. Risk-Taking: Creativity often involves stepping outside of one's comfort zone and
taking risks. Creative people are more willing to experiment and try new things,
even if it means facing failure.

7. Problem-Solving: Creativity is closely tied to problem-solving skills. Creative

individuals can find creative and novel solutions to complex problems, often by
connecting seemingly unrelated concepts.

8. Passion: A strong passion for their chosen creative pursuits drives creative
individuals to invest time, effort, and energy into their work. This dedication helps
them overcome obstacles and refine their craft.

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 9. Expression: Creative people often excel at expressing themselves through various mediums,
such as art, writing, music, or other forms of communication.

10.Observation Creative individuals are keen observers of the world around them. They draw
inspiration from everyday life and notice details that others might overlook.
11. Collaboration: Creative people are often open to sharing ideas and collaborating with
diverse individuals.

12.Resilience: Creative individuals exhibit resilience, bouncing back from failures and using
them as opportunities for growth.

13. Unconventional Thinking: Creative minds people think outside the box and challenge
conventional norms. They embrace new ways of thinking and challenge established ideas.

PC (b) Explain steps involved in developing creativity

The following are steps involved in developing creativity:

Step 1: Preparation

This stage involves getting the mind ready for creative thinking. Preparation also includes formal
education, on-the-job training, work experience, and other learning opportunities. This training
provides a foundation on which to build creativity. Again in preparation you gather information,
research, to gain knowledge and understanding your environment and problem or project at
hand.

Step 2: Investigation
This step requires one to develop a solid understanding of the problem, situation, or decision at
hand. To create new ideas and concepts in a particular field, an individual first must study the
problem and understand its basic components. Creative thinking comes about when people make
careful observations of the world around them and then investigate the way things work.

Step 3: Transformation

Transformation involves viewing the similarities and differences among the information collected.
The most creative idea comes from people being able to connect things where other people don't
make connections.

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 Step 4: Incubation
At this stage you allow the mind to reflect on the information collected, take a step back from
the problem, and allow your mind to wander to let it contemplate and work the problem
through. You nurture the unconscious thought process, for example, by staying open to the ideas
that come to you while you are doing your chaos.

Stepn5: Illumination
Also known as the "aha!" moment, this is when a breakthrough idea or insight emerges seemingly
out of nowhere. It's often a sudden realization or connection that solves a problem or sparks a
creative concept.

Step 6: Evaluation

Here, you assess the feasibility, usefulness, and value of the idea. You consider whether it aligns with
your goals and if it's worth pursuing further.

Step7: Verification:
This step involves testing and refining your idea or creation to ensure it meets the desired outcome.
You might seek feedback from others, make adjustments, and fine-tune your work.
Step 8: Implementation
This is where you put your idea into action. Whether creating a piece of art, writing a story, designing
a product, or solving a problem, you bring your idea to life.

Step 9: Reflection After completing the implementation, take time to reflect on the entire process,
Consider what you learned, what worked well, and what could be improved. This stage provides
insights that can enhance your future creative endeavours.

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 PC (c) Sketch recognizable objects from circles
In this section, you will use the knowledge you have
gained in PC (b) to create recognizable object from
circles. A circle is a round-shaped figure that has no
corners or edges. Circles are used to create a variety of
objects, including clocks, cars, ships, aeroplanes,
radios, telephones, wheelbarrows, air conditioners,

rockets, wheels, roundabouts, balls, balloons, globes, car tyres, and more. Circle was used for the
design of a watch to help solve time issues. Tyre was made in a circle to carry the weight of a car and
propel it; earthenware was made in a circle to blend vegetables and eat fufu. In drawing recognizable
object from a circle, you need

i. Preparation: Get your mind ready to create objects from circles.

ii. Investigation: Think about a problem you can use these circles to solve.
iii. Transformation: Think about things you can connect with the circles to create a meaningful
object.
iv. Incubation: What ideas are coming to your mind, imagine what you can create from circles
and stay on those ideas

Follow the steps below to draw a clock

Step 1: Draw a circle in the center of your paper.

Step 2: Divide the circle into halves vertically and horizontally.

Step 3: Place the numbers 1 through to 12 around the clock face.

Step 4: At the center of the clock, draw two lines representing the hour and minute hands.

Step 5: Add small lines or dots between the numbers to represent the minutes.

Step 6: Add a frame or border around the clock face to give it a finished look.

Step 7: Add decorative elements depending on your preference.

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PC(d)State uses of paper clip

In this PC you continue with the application of

creativity. A paper clip is a tool used to hold sheets
of paper together but it has other uses such as:

i. Keyholder
ii. Hang photos
iii. Fasten a food bag
iv. Open an envelope
v. Clean your nails
vi. Unclog a hole
vii. Doll hangers
viii. Secure wrapping rubbers
ix. Mini screwdriver
x. Fix a zipper
xi. Hair clip
xii. Bracelets, etc

PC (4) Outline available resources for creating business idea

To be able to outline resources for creating a business idea, the following steps should be
considered:

Step 1: List five items available to you. It could be sachet rubber, empty water bottles, palm
kernel nuts, sawdust, corn husk, etc.

Step 2: Think about the other uses of the items.

Step 3:List them

Step 4: Create five business ideas from the items.

Step 5: Write down the problems these ideas are sol

Congratulations! You have come to the end of LO2 in this unit. Let's take some
assessment.

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Self-Assessment 2

This learning outcome (LO) has a little quiz at the end. I recommend you take this whole qutz
without looking back for any of the answers. This is meant to help you determine how well you
have understood this learning outcome. Now assess yourself with the questions below.

1. Ama is aspiring to become an entrepreneur and has heard that creative persons should
possess certain features. State any five features of a creative person to Ama.
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2. Kweku wants to develop his creativity. State and explain to Kwaku the steps involved in
developing creativity

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3. A circle is a round-shaped figure that has no corners or edges. Creative persons form
useful objects from circles. List five (5) recognizable objects you can create from a circle
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4. Paper clip is a piece of bent wire or plastic used for holding several sheets of paper
together, yet this paper clip has many uses. List five (5) uses of a paper clip
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 5. Numerous ideas can be generated from the resources around us State Five (5)
idem you can generate from an empty cardboard box
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We believe that you can now state the features of a creative

person, steps involved in developing creativity, explain the
steps involved in developing creativity, sketch recognizable
objects from circles and use the resources available to create a
meaningful object.

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 LO 3. Demonstrate knowledge of innovation

This LO is developed to help you acquire knowledge of innovation and differentiate between
creativity and innovation as per PC's (a)-(e).

PC(a) Explain innovation

Innovation refers to the process of creating.

developing, and implementing new ideas, products,
services, processes, or technologies that bring about
positive change or improvements. It involves the
application of creative thinking, problem-solving
skills, and a willingness to challenge existing norms
and

practices in order to achieve advancements and make a meaningful impact. Innovation can occur in
various fields, such as technology, business, science, healthcare, education, and more.

PC(b) Differentiate between creativity and innovation

Creativity is the ability to develop new ideas and to discover

new ways of looking at problems and opportunities.
Innovation is the ability to apply creative solutions to
problems and opportunities to enhance or to enrich people's
lives.Creativity will think about going to space and innovation
will create the spaceship. Creativity and innovation move
together. The table 3 below shows the difference between
Creativity and Innovation.

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 Table 1: Differences between Creativity and Innovation

BASIS FOR
CREATIVITY INNOVATION
COMPARISON

Meaning Creativity is an act of creating new Innovation is the introduction of

ideas, imaginations and possibilities.
something new and effective into the
market.

Process Imaginative Productive

Quantifiable No Yes

Related to Thinking something new Introducing something new

Money Consumption No Yes

Risk No Yes

PC(c)Explain types of innovation

Below are types of innovation:

1. Product Innovation: This type of innovation involves creating of improving products and
services. It often focuses on enhancing features, functionality, performance, and design to
meet customer needs better.

2. Process Innovation: Process innovation refers to improving or inventing new methods,

techniques, and workflows within an organization. The goal is to enhance efficiency. reduce
costs, and streamline operations.

3. Business Model Innovation: Business model innovation involves reimagining how a company
creates, delivers, and captures value. It could include changes to pricing strategies, distribution
channels, partnerships, and revenue models

4. Technological Innovation: Technological innovation centers around advancements in

technology. This could involve developing new technologies, improving existing ones. or
finding novel applications for existing technologies.

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 5. Service Innovation: Service innovation pertains to creating new or improved services that
better meet customer needs. This can involve changes in service delivery, customer
experience and service offerings.

6. Social Innovation: Social innovation addresses societal challenges by introducing new

approaches, ideas, and solutions. It aims to bring about positive changes in areas like
education, healthcare, poverty alleviation, and environmental sustainability.

7. Incremental Innovation: Incremental innovation involves making small improvements or

adjustments to existing products, processes, or services. It is often focused on optimizing
and refining what already exists.

B. Disruptive Innovation: Disruptive innovation refers to the introduction of a new product or

service that initially serves a niche market but eventually disrupts existing markets and
displaces established competitors.

9. Sustainable Innovation: Sustainable innovation focuses on creating products, processes, and

solutions that have positive environmental, social, and economic impacts. It aims to
contribute to long-term sustainability.

10.Design Innovation: Design innovation centers around creating products, services, and
experiences that are visually appealing, user-friendly, and emotionally resonant. It
emphasizes the role of design in enhancing customer engagement.

PC (d) State importance of innovation

Innovation is of paramount importance in various aspects of society, economics, and technological

advancement. Below are the importance of innovation.

Economic Growth and Competitiveness: Innovation drives economic growth by creating new
products, services, and processes that meet evolving consumer demands. It enhances the
competitiveness of businesses and nations in the global market, leading to increased
productivity and higher living standards.

2. Technological Advancement: Innovation is the catalyst for technological progress. It leads to

breakthroughs in various fields such as healthcare, energy, communication, and
transportation. New technologies often solve existing problems and create new
opportunities, changing the way we live and work.
 3. Problem-Solving: Innovative solutions address pressing challenges, ranging from
environmental issues to health issues. By developing novel approaches and
technologies, innovation can help overcome obstacles that were previously considered
insurmountable.

4. Increased Efficiency: Innovations streamline processes, making them more efficient

and cost-effective. This applies to industries such as manufacturing, logistics, and
services, where optimized methods lead to resource savings and improved overall
performance.

5. Enhanced Quality of Life: Many innovations aim to enhance people's quality of life by
improving daily experiences, healthcare outcomes, educational opportunities, and
more. Advancements like medical technologies, smart devices, and renewable energy
sources contribute to a higher standard of living.

6. Job Creation: Innovation stimulates job creation by generating new industries and
markets. As novel ideas evolve into viable businesses, they require a workforce with a
diverse range of skills, leading to increased employment opportunities.

7. Adaptation to Change: Innovation enables individuals, organizations, and societies to

adapt to changes in the environment, economy, and technology. It encourages a
proactive mindset that seeks opportunities for change rather than being disrupted by
it.

8. Global Progress: Collaboration and knowledge sharing are often crucial in fostering
innovation. As ideas and technologies spread globally, they contribute to the collective
progress of humanity, helping to address common challenges and create shared
benefits.

9. Sustainable Development: Innovation plays a vital role in achieving sustainable

development goals. It drives the creation of eco-friendly technologies, clean energy
solutions, and resource-efficient practices, contributing to a more sustainable and
environmentally conscious future.

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10.Continuous Improvement: The pursuit of innovation encourages a culture of continuous
improvement. By seeking better ways of doing things, organizations remain dynamic,
relevant, and open to adapting to evolving circumstances.
PC (e) Outline principles of innovation

Innovation is guided by a set of principles that help individuals, organizations, and societies foster
creativity, generate new ideas, and turn those ideas into tangible solutions. Here are some
commonly recognized principles of innovation:

1. Curiosity: Cultivate a natural sense of curiosity about the world around you. Question
assumptions explore new avenues, and seek out information from diverse sources.
2. Creativity. Encourage creative thinking by allowing yourself or your team the freedom to
brainstorm, ideate, and think outside the box. Create an environment where
unconventional ideas are valued.

3. Problem Solving: Focus on addressing real challenges and needs. Innovations often

emerge from a clear understanding of the problems that need solving.

4 Risk-Taking: Innovation involves an element of uncertainty and risk. Be willing to take

calculated risks and learn from both successes and failures.

5. Iterative Process: Understand that innovation is not a one-time event. It's an iterative
process that involves continuous refinement, testing, and improvement based on
feedback.

6. Adaptability: Be willing to adapt and evolve as circumstances change. Flexibility allows

for adjustments based on new information or shifting trends.

7. Ethical Considerations: Ensure that your innovations adhere to ethical standards and
contribute positively to society. Consider potential social, environmental, and cultural
impacts.

B. Learning Culture: A culture of continuous learning and improvement leads to the

acquisition of new skills, knowledge, and insights. This increase innovation.

Congratulations! You have come to the end of LO1 in this unit. Let's take some
assessment.
 Self-Assessment 3

This learning outcome (LO) has a little quiz at the end. I recommend you take this whole quiz without
looking back for any of the answers. This is meant to help you determine how well you have
understood this learning outcome. Now assess yourself with the questions below.

1. Innovation plays a central role in entrepreneurship. In your own words explain

innovation to a group of people who wants to become entrepreneurs

2. Aba and Esi have been arguing about creativity and innovation. Aba thinks creativity is the
same as innovation. Esi is of the view that creativity is different from innovation. They came to
you to settle this argument because they heard that you had done a course on creativity and
innovation. State the difference between creativity and innovation to Aba and Esi

3. There are different types of innovation. State and explain any five types of innovation

22
 5. An entrepreneur friend of yours want to know why he should be innovative. State
five importance of innovation to this friend of yours

5. Aku wants to know the principles that guide innovation. Outline any
five(5)principles of innovation to Aku.

between creativity and innovation, state the types of We believe that you can now
explain innovation, differentiate innovation, explain the types of innovation, state the
importance of innovation, and outline the principles of innovation
 References
1. Barringer, B. R., and Ireland, R. D. (2012). Entrepreneurship, 4th ed., United State of
America: Pearson Educational Limited.

2. Bessant, J. and Tidd, J. (2015). Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 3rd ed.. United
Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Ltd

3. Buame, S. (2012) Entrepreneurship, Big Mikes Publication Ltd.

4. Scarborough, N.M. & Cornwall, J.R. (2016). Essentials of Entrepreneurship and Small
Business Management, 8th ed., U. S. A.: Pearson Educational Limited.

5. Szycher, M. (2019). Practical Handbook of entrepreneurship and innovation, United

States of America: Taylor & Francis Group, LLC