FIRST YEAR BIOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT

MENTOR:
M. MUSTANSAR IQBAL
(MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)

LECTURER:
PUNJAB COLLEGE BUREWALA
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 01 (Introduction)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
1) Biology is a word:
(a) Latin (b) Greek (c) English (d) Arabic
2) The study of distribution of animals in nature is called:
(a) Zoogeography (b) Biodiversity (c) Geography (d) Wildlife
3) Study of tissue is called:
(a) Morphology (b) Anatomy (c) Histology (d) Microbiology
4) The study of Internal structure is called:
(a) Physiology (b) Anatomy (c) Histology (d) Palaeontology
5) The branch of biology which deals with the structure of organisms, the cells and their organelle at
molecular level is called:
(a) Biochemistry (b) Morphology (c) Anatomy (d) Molecular biology
6) The branch of biology which deals with the ancestral history of organisms is:
(a) Genetics (b) Paleontology (c) Morphology (d) Evolution
7) The study of organisms living in freshwater bodies like rivers, lakes etc is called:
(a) Marine-biology (b) Social-biology (c) Fresh-water biology (d) Human-biology
8) The branch of biology which deals with the use of living organisms, systems or processes in
manufacturing and service industries is called:
(a) Biotechnology (b) Social-biology (c) Fresh-water biology (d) Human-biology
9) In human body amount of oxygen is:
(a) 50 % (b) 65 % (c) 70 % (d) 40 %
10) In human body percentage of nitrogen accounts for:
(a) 2% (b) 3% (c) 1% (d) 10%
11) Which one is a trace element?
(a) Calcium (b) Chlorine (c) Zinc (d) Phosphorus
12) Which one of these is macromolecule:
(a) Water (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Oxygen (d) Starch
13) A large reginal community primarily determined by climate is called:
(a) Biosphere (b) Habitat (c) Biome (d) Niche
14) Population of different species living in the same habitat form a:
(a) Biome (b) Ecosystem (c) Community (d) Biosphere
15) The most recent era is:
(a) Paleozoic (b) Cenozoic (c) Mesozoic (d) Proterozoic
16) Mammals became dominant in:
(a) Paleozoic (b) Cenozoic (c) Mesozoic (d) Jurassic
17) The reasoning from the general to specific is called ______________:
(a) Inductive (b) Deductive (c) Scientific (d) Theoretical
18) The statement made by a scientist, which may be the possible answer to the problem:
(a) Deduction (b) Theory (c) Hypothesis (d) Law
19) Tentative explanation of observation is called as:
(a) Deduction (b) Theory (c) Hypothesis (d) Law
20) Pollution of our surroundings in the recent past has resulted because of:
(a) Biological Research (b) Rapid industrialization
(c) Information Technology (d) Forestation
21) The technique used to preserve milk and milk products is called:
(a) Pasteurization (b) Lactation (c) Vaccination (d) All of these
 22) Vaccination technique is developed by:
(a) Edward Jenner (b) Robert Hook (c) Darwin (d) Robert Brown
23) Which one of following is not a viral disease:
(a) Cow pox (b) Mumps (c) Tetanus (d) Smallpox
24) Which one of following is employed in treatment of cancer:
(a) Antibiotic & Vaccination (b) Radiotherapy & Chemotherapy
(c) Chemotherapy & Antibiotic (d) All of above
25) A technique that consists of isolating the normal gene and inserting it into the host through bone
marrow is:
(a) Radiotherapy (b) Chemotherapy (c) Gene Therapy (d) Cloning
26) The organisms produced by genetic engineering are called as:
(a) Transgenic organisms (b) Clones (c) Tissue cultures (d) None of these
27) In 1997, scientists in Scotland succeeded in cloning a:
(a) Sheep (b) Goat (c) Horse (d) Cow
28) The technique used for achieving eugenic aims:
(a) Gene therapy (b) Radiotherapy (c) Chemotherapy (d) Cloning
29) The HIV virus causes:
(a) Tuberculosis (b) Cancer (c) AIDS (d) Hepatitis
30) An aphid that attacks Walnut tree is being controlled biologically by:
(a) Wasp (b) House fly (c) Honeybee (d) Mosquito
31) The estimated number of species of insects are:
(a) 22.5% (b) 27.6% (c) 17.6% (d) 53.1%
32) The number and variety of species in a place is called:
(a) Population (b) Community (c) Biodiversity (d) Biome
Q. No. 2: Short Questions
1) Define Life and write characteristics of living organisms.
2) Define Molecular Biology.
3) Define Biotechnology
4) Differentiate between Organ and Organelle.
5) Differentiate between Micromolecule and Macromolecule.
6) Differentiate between Population and Community.
7) Define Biome.
8) What is phyletic lineage?
9) Name the four Eras of geological time chart.
10) Define Biodiversity.
11) Differentiate between Qualitative observation and Quantitative Observation.
12) Differentiate between Deductive and Inductive Reasoning.
13) Differentiate between Theory and law.
14) What is Hydroponic culture technique?
15) Where is meant by Integrated disease management?
16) Differentiate between Chemotherapy and Gene therapy.
17) Differentiate between Biocontrol and Bioremediation.
18) What you Know about gene therapy?
19) Define Cloning.
20) What are endanger species?
Q. No. 3: Long Questions
1) Describe organ and organ system level of biological organization.
2) Explain various steps in biological method.
3) Discuss role of biology in the welfare of mankind.
4) How biology has been helping mankind in health and disease control.
5) Write a detail note on cloning.
6) Write a note on protection and conservation of environment.
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 02 (Biological Molecules)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)

Q. No. 1. Encircle the correct answer.

1) Humans contain about__________ % of water in brain cells:
a) 20 b) 65 c) 85 d) 90
2) The percentage of water in bacterial cell is about:
a) 40 % b) 50 % c) 60 % d) 70 %
3) Percentage of DNA in mammalian cell is:
a) 4 % b) 1 % c) 2 % d) 0.25 %
4) Carbon is __________:
a) Divalent b) Trivalent c) Monovalent d) Tetravalent
5) Which of the following is not an organic compound?
a) Glucose b) Starch c) Amino acid d) Carbon dioxide
6) Which of the given value is heat capacity of water?
a) 1.0 b) 2.0 c) 3.0 d) 4.0
7) The amount of heat absorbed when a liquid change into gas is expressed as calories per gram
vapourised is called:
a) Heat capacity b) Specific heat c) Heat of vaporization d) Latent heat
8) The specific heat of vaporization of water is:
a) 535 kcal/kg b) 545 kcal/kg c) 574 kcal/kg d) 584 kcal/kg
9) The most abundant carbohydrate in nature is:
a) Glucose b) Starch c) Cellulose d) Glycogen
10) Monosaccharides which are rare in nature and occur in same bacteria.
a) Trioses b) Tetroses c) Pentoses d) Hexoses
11) In free state, glucose is present in:
a) Dates b) Amylose c) Cellulose d) Glycogen
12) Amount of solar energy required to synthesize 10 g of Glucose is:
a) 617.6 K cal b) 716.6 K cal c) 717.6 K cal d) 816.6 K cal
13) The covalent bond between two monosaccharides or disaccharides is called:
a) Glycosidic bond b) Peptide bond c) Hydrogen bond d) Ester bond
14) Our blood normally contains:
a) 80% glucose b) 8.0% glucose c) 0.8 % glucose d) 0.08 % glucose
15) Animals obtain carbohydrates mainly from:
a) Glucose b) Starch c) Sucrose d) Glycogen
16) Percentage of carbohydrates in mammalian cell is:
a) 1% b) 2% c) 3% d) 4%
17) Cotton is the pure form of:
a) Cellulose b) Glycogen c) Wax d) amino acid
18) Which of the following polysaccharide produce red colour with iodine?
a) Amylose b) Amylopectin c) Glycogen d) Cellulose
19) Which one of the following is not a lipid:
a) Chitin b) Rubber c) Cutin d) Cholesterol
20) Most of the cellular secretions are in nature:
a) Protein b) Carbohydrates c) Lipids d) Lipoprotein
21) Melting point of palmitic acid is:
a) 63.1 C b) 64.1 C c) 65.1 C d) 66.1 C
22) During ester formation, OH is released from:
a) Fatty acid b) Alcohol c) Terpenoids d) Waxes
23) Which is not a terpenoid.
a) Rubber b) Steriods c) Terpenes d) Waxes
24) The cells which secrete their hormones are:
a) Blood cells b) Muscle cells c) Nerve cells d) Gland cells
25) How many types of amino acids are present in cells and tissues:
a) 20 b) 25 c) 35 d) 170
 26) Peptide bond is a______ bond:
a) C-N link b) C-O link c) N-H link d) C-H link
27) Insulin has 51 amino acids, which are arranged in two polypeptide chains:
a) One of 41 amino acids and the other of 10 amino acids
b) One of 31 amino acids and the other of 20 amino acids
c) One of 21 amino acids and other 30 amino acids
d) None of these
28) Haemoglobin is a_________Protein:
a) Fibrous b) Coiled c) Globular d) Double coiled
29) The sequence of amino acids in protein molecules was determined by:
a) E. Chatton b) F. Miescher c) F. Sanger d) J. Watson
30) Keratin is an example of fibrous proteins which present in:
a) Blood b) Muscle c) Bones d) Nail and hair
31) The most abundant organic compound in mammalian cell is:
a) Water b) Protein c) Carbohydrates d) Lipids
32) Number of amino acids in each turn of α-helix is.
a) 3 b) 3.6 c) 0.36 d) 36
33) A compound formed by the combination of a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar is called:
a) Nucleotide b) Phospholipid c) Nucleosome d) Nucleoside
34) Of the total RNA in cell, mRNA comprises:
a)3% b) 4% c) 3 to 4% d)3.5%
35) 80 % of total RNA in the cell comprises of:
a) mRNA b) t RNA c) r RNA d) RNA-DNA Hybrid
Q. No. 2: Short Questions
1) Define Biochemistry with example.
2) Define Metabolism and its types with examples.
3) Define heat of vaporization.
4) Define heat capacity of water.
5) Define productive role of water.
6) Draw structural formula of glucopyranose.
7) Differentiate between amylose and amylopectin starches.
8) Differentiate between monosaccharides and Oligosaccharides.
9) Why are fats considered as high energy compounds?
10) What is Terpenoids, give example?
11) Differentiate between Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids.
12) What is an ester? Express it with equation.
13) What are amino acids? Also write the general formula of Amino acid.
14) Write down structural formula of glycylalanine.
15) Differentiate between fibrous and globular proteins.
16) Differentiate between Nucleoside and Nucleotide.
17) What are purines and pyrimidines?
18) What is phosphodiester linkage? Sketch.
19) What are conjugated molecules? Give examples.
20) What is the function of m RNA?
Q. No. 3: Long Questions
1) Write importance of Carbon.
2) Discuss importance of Water by discussing its various properties.
3) What are polysaccrides? Describe its various types.
4) Write a note on phospholipid.
5) Write a note on Amino acids.
6) Discuss primary and secondary structure of proteins.
7) Describe Watson & Crick Model and functions of DNA.
8) Write a note on various types of RNA.
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 03 (Enzymes)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)

Q. No. 1. Encircle the correct answer.

1) Enzymes require _____ medium for catalytic activity:
a) Aquatic b) Acidic c) Neutral d) Aqueous
2) Enzymes are composed of hundreds of ____________:
a) Nucleic acid b) Amino acid c) Carbohydrate d) Lipid
3) All enzymes are ___________ protein:
a) Fibrous b) Globular c) non-enzymatic d) None
4) Enzymes involved in cellular respiration are found in ____________:
a) Cytoplasm b) Ribosome c) Mitochondria d) Nucleus
5) Enzymes important in photosynthesis are found in ______________:
a) Mitochondria b) Chloroplast c) Ribosome d) Both A and B
6) Some enzymes consist of non-protein part known as a _____________:
a) Coenzyme b) Cofactor c) Holoenzyme d) Apoenzyme
7) The detachable cofactor of an enzyme is known as:
a) Activators b) Cofactor c) Prosthetic Group d) Coenzyme
8) If non-protein part is loosely attached to protein part of enzyme, it is known as:
a) Co-factor b) Prosthetic group c) Co-enzyme d) Apoenzyme
9) Co-enzymes is closely related to:
a) Vitamins b) Minerals c) Water d) Lipid
10) The vitamins are essential raw material for the synthesis of:
(a) Activators (b) Prosthetic Group c) Coenzyme d) Cofactor
11) An activated enzyme consisting of polypeptide chain and co-factor is called:
a) Apoenzyme b) Activator c) Holoenzyme d) Inhibitor
12) The inactive form of enzyme pepsin is:
a) Holoenzyme b) Pepsinogen c) Apoenzyme d) None
13) According to lock and key model, the active site is a _____________ structure.
a) Soft b) Flexible c) Rigid d) Attractive
14) Some enzymes are potentially damaging if they are manufactured in their active form e.g:
a) Trypsinogen b) Pepsin c) Pepsinogen d) Amylase
15) The charge and _____ of the active site are formed by amino acids:
a) Shape b) Structure c) Catalytic activity d) Polarity
16) An enzyme and substrate react through definite charge bearing sites:
a) Locus b) Centromere c) Active site d) None
17) Who proposed lock and key model:
a) Koshland b) Emil Fischer c) Alexander Fleming d) Edward Hook
 18) Induce fit model was proposed by:
a) Emil Fischer b) Koshland c) Jenner d) Pasteur
19) Enzymes lower down the energy of:
a) Kinetic b) Potential c) Ionic d) Activation
20) Optimum pH for pepsin is:
a) 2.00 b) 4.50 c) 5.50 d) 6.80
21) Optimum pH for enterokinase enzyme is:
a) 2.00 b) 4.50 c) 5.50 d) 6.80
22) Mechanism of enzyme action is called:
a) Chemical reaction b) Catabolism c) Catalysis d) All of above
23) Poisons like cyanide, antibiotics, anti-metabolites, and some drugs are example of:
a) Enzymes b) Inhibitors c) Coenzymes d) Holoenzymes
24) The competitive inhibitor of succinic acid is:
a) Fumaric acid b) Malonic acid c) Citric acid d) Acetic acid
25) Enzyme succinate dehydrogenase converts succinate into:

a) Malate b) Citrate c) Malonic acid d) Fumarate

Q. No. 2: Short Questions

1) Differentiate between Activator and Prosthetic group.
2) Differentiate between Apoenzyme and Holoenzyme.
3) What is Active site? Describe its two parts.
4) Differentiate between Enzyme and Co-enzyme.
5) Define Co-factor. What is its Function?
6) Write down four characteristics of enzymes.
7) Why are some enzymes produced in inactive form? Give example.
8) What is Lock and Key Model of Enzyme Action?
9) Describe Induce fit Model.
10) What is enzyme to enzyme chain reaction?
11) At high substrate concentration, rate of reaction does not increase. Give reason.
12) Define optimum pH of enzyme. Give an example.
13) What is Inhibitor? Give example.
14) Differentiate between Irreversible and reversible inhibitors.
15) Differentiate between competitive and non-competitive inhibitors.
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 04 (The Cell)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)
Q. No. 1. Encircle the correct answer.
1) The presence of nucleus in the cell was reported by_____________:
a) T. Schwann b) Louis Pasteur c) Robert Brown d) Virchow
2) The cell theory was proposed by:
a) Watson & Crick b) Schwann & Schleiden c) Lorenz Oken d) Pasteur
3) “Omnis Cellula-e-cellula” was hypothesized by:
a) Schleiden b) Rudolph Virchow c) Louis Pasteur d) Lorenz Oken
4) Parenchymatous cells are specialized for:
a) Photosynthesis b) Store food c) Growth d) Support
5) Resolution of a typical compound microscope is;
a) 10 µm b) 2.0 µm c) 3.0 µm d) 4.0 µm
6) Resolution of electron microscope range between:
a) 1-3 Angstrom b) 2-4 Angstrom c) 3-6 Angstrom d) 3-9 Angstrom
7) Cell membrane is chemically composed of how much protein?
a) 20 – 40 % b) 40 – 60 % c) 60 – 80 % d) 80 – 100 %
8) In many animal cells, the cell membrane helps to take in material by infoldings in the form of vacuoles.
This type of intake is termed as________________:
a) Phagocytosis b) Pinocytosis c) Osmosis d) Endocytosis
9) Endocytosis which involves ingestion of solid material is:
a) Pinocytosis b) Phagocytosis c) Solidocytosis d) a & b
10) Cell wall is secreted by the _______________:
a) Nucleoplasm b) Protoplasm c) Centriole d) Glyoxisomes
11) Chitin is found in the cell wall of:
a) Algae b) Plants c) Bacteria d) Fungi
12) The plasma membrane and everything present within is:
a) Protoplasm b) Plasmoplast c) Cytoplasm d) Chloroplast
13) Soluble part of the cytoplasm is termed as:
a) Cisterna b) Cell c) Cytosol d) Protoplasm
14) Endoplasmic reticulum contains a system of flattened membrane bounded sacs which are named as:
a) Cristae b) Cisternae c) Matrix d) Tubules
15) Harmful substances are detoxified in liver cells by:
a) Endoplasmic reticulum b) Chloroplast c) Nucleus d) Mitochondria
16) Palade studies:
a) Nucleus b) Peroxisomes c) Ribosomes d) Mitochondria
17) Ribosomes have equal amount of:
a) DNA & Protein b) Lipid & Protein c) RNA & Protein d) None
18) Attachment of two subunits of ribosomes is controlled by:
a) Ca++ b) Fe++ c) Mg++ d) K+
19) The size of prokaryotic ribosome is:
a) 30 S b) 50 S c) 70 S d) 80 S
20) A group of ribosomes attached to mRNA is known as:
a) Euglena b) Cytosol c) Polysome d) Cristae
21) Golgi apparatus is concerned with cell:
a) Division b) Lysis c) Storage d) Secretion
22) De-Duve discovered the cell organelle:
a) Mitochondria b) Lysosome c) Ribosomes d) Chloroplast
23) Tay-sachs disease results due to accumulation in brain cells:
a) Mg ions b) Glucose c) Lipids d) RNA
24) The protein present in microtubules is:
a) Tropomyosin b) Myosin c) Tubulin d) Actin
25) The Cyclosis and Amoeboid movements are due to:
a) Mitochondria b) Microfilaments c) Intermediate filaments d) Microtubules
26) Cristae are found in:
a) Golgi complex b) Nucleus c) Chloroplast d) Mitochondria
27) Infoldings of inner membrane of mitochondria are:
a) Cisternae b) Cristae c) Thylakoid d) Granum
28) Organelles of symbiotic origin are:
a) Cell membrane b) Cell wall c) Vacuole d) Mitochondria
29) Krebs cycle take place in:
a) Cell membrane b) Cell wall c) Vacuole d) Mitochondria
30) The structures that are involved in the manufacture and supply of energy to the cell or powerhouse of
the cell are:
a) Cell membrane b) Cell wall c) Vacuole d) Mitochondria
31) Plastids are present only in:
a) Bacteria` b) Animals cell c) Virus d) Plant cell
32) Stroma is fluid in the chloroplast:
a) Thylakoid b) Matrix c) Granum d) Intergranum
33) The fluid which surrounds the thylakoids is called:
a) Matrix b) Stroma c) Cytoplasm d) Nucleoplasm
34) Light is trapped in the:
a) Stroma b) Granum c) DNA of chloroplast d) Intergranum
35) Enzymes of glyoxylate cycle are located in:
a) Golgi body b) Lysosome c) Glyoxysome d) Peroxisomes
36) The site for breakdown of fatty acid to succinate is ______________:
a) Ribosomes b) Glyoxysomes c) Lysosomes d) Peroxisomes
37) Which of the following are colorless?
a) Chloroplast b) Leucoplast c) Chromoplast d) None of these
 38) Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized and stored in:
a) Nucleolus b) Mitochondria c) Nucleus d) Chloroplast
39) The number of pores in nuclear membrane of erythrocyte is:
a) 03 or 04 b) 02 or 03 c) 05 or 06 d) 30,000
40) Number of chromosomes in fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is:
a) 8 b) 18 c) 28 d) 16
41) Number of chromosomes in diploid cell of potato is:
a) 46 b) 48 c) 26 d) 14
42) In prokaryotic cell wall strengthening material is:
a) Chitin b) Lignin c) Cutin d) Murein

Q. No. 2: Short Questions

1) Define and enlist salient features of cell Theory.
2) What is cell fractionation technique?
3) What is Unit membrane model of plasma membrane?
4) What is fluid mosaic model of cell membrane; draw its structure.
5) What does endocytosis also differentiate its types?
6) What is chemical composition of primary and secondary cell wall?
7) What is cytosol?
8) Differentiate between Smooth and Rough Endoplasmic reticulum.
9) Define polysomes.
10) Differentiate between cristae and cisternae.
11) What are autophagosome?
12) What are storage diseases? Name two storage diseases in man.
13) What are peroxisomes; how it is named?
14) Compare Microtubules with Microfilaments with function.
15) What are F1 particles?
16) Give role of Mitochondria in cells.
17) Differentiate between Thylakoid and Granum.
18) What are chromoplast? Give their function.
19) Differentiate between chromoplast and leucoplast.
20) Differentiate between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell.
Q. No. 3: Long Questions
1. Write a detailed note on Functions and structure of cell membrane.
2. Write the structure and function of Endoplasmic reticulum.
3. Describe the structure and functions of Lysosome with diagram.
4. Describe structural and function of Peroxisomes and Glyoxisomes.
5. Give detailed note on Plastids.
6. Describe structural and function of Mitochondria.
7. Differentiate between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes.
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 05 (Variety of Life)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
1) Family includes related:
(a) Species (b) Genera (c) Order (d) Class
2) The genus name of corn plant is:
(a) Pisum (b) Solanum (c) Mays (d) Zea
3) Basic unit of classification is:
(a) Genus (b) Phylum (c) Species (d) Class
4) Binomial system of Nomenclature of organisms was devised by:
(a) Robert Whittaker (b) Ernst Haeckel (c) E-Chatton (d) Carlous Linnaeus
5) Carlous Linnaeus took the scientific name from:
(a) Latin word (b) Greek word (c) English (d) Spanish
6) The biological name of Onion is:
(a) Allium cepa (b) Solanum tuberosum (c) Cassia fistula (d) Homo sapiens
7) Solanum esculentum is the scientific name of:
(a) Potato (b) Tobacco (c) Onion (d) Tomato
8) The biological name of Amaltas is:
(a) Cassia senna (b) Bauhinia variegate (c) Cassia fistula (d) None of these
9) Five kingdom system of classification proposed by Margulis and Schwartz is not based on:
(a) Genetic (b) Cellular organization (c) Nucleic acid (d) Mode of Nutrition
10) Organelle of symbiotic origin is:
(a) Cell wall (b) Cell membrane (c) Mitochondria (d) Vacuole
11) The size of Parvovirus is:
(a) 100 nm (b) 20 nm (c) 120 nm (d) 75 nm
12) A virion is:
(a) Virus (b) Viral protein (c) Viral Lysozyme (d) Viral gene
13) Capsid of virus is made up of protein subunits known as:
(a) Sarcomere (b) Capsomeres (c) Capsids (d) None
14) The number of capsomeres present in the capsid of Adenovirus is:
(a) 152 (b) 162 (c) 252 (d) 262
15) How many capsomeres are present in the capsid of Herpes virus?
(a) 152 (b) 160 (c) 162 (d) 161
16) Mad cow infections and mysterious brain infections in man are caused:
(a) Bacteria (b) Virions (c) Fungi (d) Prions
17) Enzyme released from the tail of bacteriophage which dissolves cell wall:
(a) Lipase (b) Pepsin (c) Lysozyme (d) Amylase
18) About 25 minutes after initial infection, approximate number of new bacteriophages formed is:
(a) 100 (b) 200 (c) 500 (d) 2000
19) Temperate phage may exist as:
(a) Prophage (b) Capsid (c) Viroid (d) Retrovirus
20) HIV belongs to the group of viruses called:
(a) Pox virus (b) Retrovirus (c) DNA virus (d) Bacteriophage
21) Enzyme which converts single standard RNA genome into double standard viral DNA is called:
(a) Lipase (b) Reverse transcriptase (c) Lysozyme (d) Amylase
22) Major cells infected by HIV are:
(a) B-Lymphocyte (b) Granulocyte (c) Helper T-Lymphocyte (d) Monocytes
 23) Smallpox is caused by:
(a) DNA virus (b) DNA naked virus (c) DNA enveloped virus (d) RNA virus
24) Influenza virus are:
(a) RNA enveloped virus (b) DNA naked virus (c) DNA enveloped virus (d) RNA naked virus
25) Measles and mumps are caused by a virus belonging to a group called as:
(a) Pox virus (b) Paromyxa virus (c) Polio virus (d) Adenovirus
26) Hepatitis is an inflammation of:
(a) Liver (b) Stomach (c) Pancreas (d) Kidney
27) Infectious hepatitis is:
(a) Hepatitis A (b) Hepatitis B (c) Hepatitis C (d) Hepatitis D
28) Hepatitis D is also called:
(a) Delta Hepatitis (b) Serum Hepatitis (c) Infectious Hepatitis (d) Infusion Hepatitis
29) Name the enveloped RNA virus that causes infusion hepatitis:
(a) HBV (b) HCV (c) HAV (d) None of these
30) Pigs are reservoirs to:
(a) Hepatitis E (b) Hepatitis B (c) Hepatitis A (d) Hepatitis D
Q. No. 2: Short Questions
1) Define Species. Give one example.
2) Give Biological classification of Corn.
3) What is binomial nomenclature; who introduced it?
4) Define obligate intracellular parasites.
5) Differentiate between Capsids and Capsomeres.
6) Differentiate between Prions and Virions.
7) What is Prophage?
8) Differentiate between temperate/lysogenic phage and virulent/lytic phage.
9) Define Induction in Bacteriophage.
10) What are retroviruses? Give example.
11) Draw label diagram of HIV.
12) What is reverse transcription?
13) What are pocks?
14) Write a note on Polio.
15) Write a note on Herpes simplex.
16) Write a note on measles and mumps.
17) Differentiate between infectious and infusion hepatitis.
Q. No. 3: Long Questions
1) What is nomenclature, describe its importance with the help of examples.
2) What are viruses? Describe the work of different scientists in discovering properties or characteristics of
viruses.
3) Describe life cycle of Bacteriophage.
4) Give a detailed note on AIDS.
5) Draw infectious life cycle of HIV.
6) Write a detailed note on Hepatitis.
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 06 (Kingdom Prokaryotae)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
1. The most ancient bacteria are:
(a) Mycoplasma (b) E. Coli (c) Archaebacteria (d) Clostridium
2. The smallest bacterium is:
(a) Mycoplasma (b) E. Coli (c) Campylobacter (d) Clostridium
3. Germ Theory of disease was formulated by:
(a) Louis Pasteur (b) Robert Kock (c) Edward Jenner (d) A. Fleming
4. A tetrad is a square of:
(a) 2 cocci (b) 4 cocci (c) 6 cocci (d) 8 cocci
5. A cube of eight cocci is known as the:
(a) Streptococcus (b) Staphylococcus (c) Sarcina (d) Tetrad
6. Bacteria without any flagella are called:
(a) Atrichous (b) Lophotrichous (c) Amphitrichous (d) Monotrichohous
7. Pili is made up of special protein called:
(a) Pillin (b) Flagellin (c) Tubulin (d) Myosin
8. Cell wall of Archaebacteria do not contain:
(a) Peptidoglycan (b) Cellulose (c) Chitin (d) Cutin
9. Which one of following is not found in all bacteria:
(a) Cell membrane (b) Ribosome (c) Nucleoid (d) Capsule
10. Spirochete is a bacterium:
(a) Aerobic (b) Anaerobic (c) Facultative (d) Microaerophilic
11. The filament of Nostoc may break at the points of heterocysts into pieces which are known:
(a) Hormogonia (b) Akinetes (c) Spores (d) Trichomes
12. Asexual reproduction in bacteria occurs by:
(a) Conjugation (b) Transduction (c) Transformation (d) Binary Fission
13. The example of microaerophilic bacterium is:
(a) Pseudomonas (b) Spirochete (c) Escherichia coli (d) Campylobacter
14. The rod-shaped bacteria are known as:
(a) Cocci (b) Bacilli (c) Spirilla (d) Sarcina
15. Mesosomes are internal extensions of the:
(a) Cell wall (b) Cell membrane (c) Chromatin body (d) Capsule
16. The phase of rapid growth of bacteria is:
(a) Lag phase (b) Log phase (c) Stationary phase (d) Decline phase
17. The development of vaccines for disease anthrax fowl cholera and rabies and main achievement of:
(a) Robert Whittaker (b) Herbert Copeland (c) John Hogg (d) Louis Pasteur
18. The bacterium responsible for chicken cholrea was isolated by:
(a) Robert Whittaker (b) Herbert Copeland (c) John Hogg (d) Louis Pasteur
19. Some bacteria transfer genetic material from a donor bacterium to a recipient during a process
called:
(a) Conjugation (b) Photosynthesis (c) Nutrition (d) None of these
20. First discovered antibiotic is:
(a) Lovastatin (b) Cyclosporine (c) Penicillin (d) Ereotine
21. The antibiotic which causes permanent discoloration of teeth in young children is:
(a) Tetracycline (b) Penicillin (c) Streptomycin (d) Sulfonaminde
22. Reserve food material in cyanobacteria is:
(a) Starch (b) Glycogen (c) Fats (d) Glycerol
 23. Which cyanobacteria act as pollution indicator:
(a) Oscillotoria (b) Noctos (c) Spiruline (d) Anabaena
Q. No. 2: Short Questions
1. Write down any two postulates of germ theory of diseases.
2. Differentiate between gram positive and gram-negative bacteria.
3. What are mesosomes and their functions?
4. Define flagella also write its function?
5. What are Pili? Write their functions.
6. What is the ecological importance of Bacteria?
7. What are plasmid and their importance?
8. Differentiate between amphitrichous and peritrichous bacteria.
9. Differentiate between Lag phase and Log phase of growth of bacteria.
10. Differentiate between Spore and Cysts.
11. What do you know about capsule of a bacterial cell?
12. Differentiate between Photosynthetic bacteria and Chemosynthetic bacteria.
13. Describe structure of Nostoc?
14. Write two characteristics of Cyanobacteria.
15. What are plasmids in a bacterial cell? What are their functions?
16. What are phycobillins?
17. Write the difference between Saprophytic and parasitic bacteria.
18. Distinguish antiseptics from disinfectants.
19. Differentiate Microbicidal form Microbistatic effect of chemicals on bacteria.
20. Define water blooms. What is their effect on animals?
Q. No. 3: Long Questions
1) Write a Note on Respiration in Bacteria.
2) Give the structural and functional characteristics of cyanobacteria.
3) Discuss Use and Misuse of Antibiotics.
4) Describe growth and reproduction in Bacteria.
5) Give an account of nutrition in bacteria.
6) How bacteria can be controlled (Physical and chemical methods).
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 07 (Kingdom Protista)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
1) Margulis and Schwartz accommodate the diverse assemblage of organism of Protista into:
(a) 37 Phyla (b) 27 Phyla (c) 10 Phyla (d) 5 Phyla
2) Amoebae obtain food by means of:
(a) Flagella (b) Pseudopodia (c) Flexing (d) Cilia
3) Pelomyxa palustris is:
(a) Bacterium (b) Giant Amoeba (c) Ciliate (d) Zooflagellate
4) In Amoeba, specialized cytoplasmic projections help in locomotion is known as:
(a) Cilia (b) Flagella (c) Pseudopodia (d) Legs
5) Ciliates are unicellular organisms with a flexible outer covering known as the:
(a) Plasma membrane (b) Cell wall (c) Pellicle (d) Test
6) ____________ zooflagellates are supposed to be ancestor of the sponges:
(a) Trypanosoma (b) Trichonympha (c) Euglena (d) Choanoflagellate
7) African sleeping sickness is caused by:
(a) Entamoeba (b) Trypanosome (c) Vorticella (d) Pelomyxa
8) Apicomplexans move by:
(a) Tube feet (b) Flexing (c) Cilia (d) Pseudopodia
9) Parasitic protozoan that forms spores at some stage in their life cycle belong to:
(a) Ciliates (b) Zooflagellates (c) Apicomplexans (d) Actinopods
10) The feeding stage of a slime mold is a:
(a) Blastostyle (b) Merozoites (c) Plasmodium (d) Sporozoites
11) Based on molecular data Euglenoids are thought to be closely related to:
(a) Ciliates (b) Zooflagellates (c) Apicomplexans (d) Actinopods
12) Which are the major producers in Aquatic Ecosystem?
(a) Green Algae (b) Diatoms (c) Red Algae (d) Euglenoids
13) The closest relatives of fungi are probably:
(a) Red Algae (b) Water molds (c) Slime molds (d) Diatoms
14) Oomycotes show close relations with fungi, but their walls are chemically composed of:
(a) Cellulose (b) Chitin (c) Silica (d) Protein
15) Most ciliates are capable of a sexual process is called:
(a) Oogamy (b) Binary fission (c) Conjugation (d) Fertilization
16) Which of the following not present in protists?
(a) Flagella (b) Embryo (c) Cilia (d) None of these
17) The Vector in African sleeping sickness is:
(a) House fly (b) Tsetse fly (c) Fruit fly (d) Butterfly
18) Tests of foraminifera are made of:
(a) Iron (b) Calcium (c) Silica (d) Spongia
19) Algae in which body is differentiate into blades, stipes and holdfast belongs to:
(a) Mushroom (b) Kelps (c) Diatoms (d) Dinoflagellates
20) Multicellular giants of protists kingdom are included in:
(a) Brown Algae b) Red Algae (c) Green Algae (d) Diatoms
21) The largest brown Algae is called:
(a) Mushroom (b) Kelps (c) Diatoms (d) Dinoflagellates
22) Laminaria is an example of:
(a) Red Algae (b) Brown Algae (c) Green Algae (d) Diatoms
23) Edible algae are:
(a) Mushroom (b) Kelps (c) Diatoms (d) Dinoflagellates
24) Phycoerythrin is found in:
(a) Red Algae (b) Brown Algae (c) Green Algae (d) Diatoms
25) Phytophthora infestans belongs to the group:
(a) Myxomycota (b) Oomycota (c) Euglenoids (d) Rhodophyta
26) In 1840, ___________ were the staples of Irish peasant’s diet:
(a) Tomatoes (b) Potatoes (c) Chicken (d) Rice
Q. No. 2: Short Questions
1. Write two distinguishing characters of kingdom Protista.
2. Name four major groups of Kingdom Protista.
3. What do you know about Amoeba.
4. Write characteristic of giant Amoeba.
5. Write characteristic of Ciliates.
6. Write down functions of micronuclei and macronuclei in ciliates.
7. Write characteristic of Zooflagellates.
8. Compare forms and locomotion of ciliates and zooflagellates.
9. Differentiate between flagella and pseudopodia.
10. What is the evolutionary significance of choanoflagellates?
11. What are Trichonymphas?
12. What is Trypanosoma? Name the disease caused by it.
13. Differentiate between Foraminifera and Actinopods.
14. What is the evolutionary significance of Euglenoids?
15. What are Dinoflagellates.
16. What are red tides?
17. What are Diatoms? Give their ecological importance.
18. What are the Kelps?
19. What is thallus?
20. Write down two characteristics of Apicomplexans. Give example.
21. What is Chlorella?
22. Write four importance of Algae.
23. Differentiate between Fungus like Protista and Fungi.
24. Give the importance of Physarum polycephalum.
25. Differentiate between Oomycetes (Water mols) and Myxomycota (Slime mold).
26. Write down the role of Phytophthora infestans in human history.
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 08 (Fungi)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
1) Which one of the following is a major structural component of fungus cell wall:
(a) Cutin (b) Chitin (c) Lignin (d) Pectin
2) The body of fungi is called:
(a) Mycelium (b) Hypha (c) Thallus (d) Mycorrhizae
3) The skeleton of Arthropoda is made of:
(a) Chitin (b) Cellulose (c) Pectin (d) Lignin
4) The absorptive nutrition of fungi is aided by:
(a) Spore formation (b) Their large surface area volume ratio
(c) They are all parasites (d) They form fruiting bodies
5) The fungi which obtain their food from organic matter are called:
(a) Saprotrophs (b) Autotrophs (c) Heterotrophs (d) Parasites
6) Parasitic fungi directly absorb nutrients from living host cytoplasm by:
(a) Haustoria (b) Roots (c) Rhizoids (d) Gametangia
7) Example of soil dwelling carnivorous fungus is:
(a) Arthrobotrys (b) Armillaria (c) Pleurotus (d) Penicillium
8) The predatory Oyster mushroom paralyses the following organism:
(a) Algae (b) Bacteria (c) Nematoda (d) Snails
9) Mutualistic association between certain fungi and roots of vascular plants is:
(a) Lichen (b) Mycorrhizae (c) Arthrobotrys (d) None
10) These are ecologically important as bioindicators of air pollution:
(a) Lichen (b) Mycorrhizae (c) Yeast (d) Virus
11) Reindeer moss is a:
(a) Lichen (b) Mycorrhizae (c) Algae (d) Moss
12) Most of the visible part of the lichen is:
(a) Fungi (b) Algae (c) Bacteria (d) Root
13) Following structures are associated with asexual reproduction in fungi:
(a) Spores (b) Conidia (c) Basidia (d) Zygospore
14) Rhizopus belong to which of the following group:
(a) Ascomycota (b) Deuteromycota (c) Zygomycota (d) Basidiomycota
15) Karyogamy occurs immediately after plasmogamy in:
16) (a) Ascomycota (b) Deuteromycota (c) Zygomycota (d) Basidiomycota
17) Unicellular yeasts fungi reproduce asexually by:
(a) Budding (b) Conidia (c) Basidia (d) Spores
18) In Ascomycetes, each ascus comprises ascospores:
(a) 04 (b) 08 (c) 12 (d) 16
19) The most common smut fungi are:
(a) Ustilago (b) Puccinia (c) Penicillium (d) Yeast
20) Puccinia species are most common:
(a) Smut fungi (b) Bracket fungi (c) Spitting fungi (d) Rust fungi
21) The imperfect fungi are also called:
(a) Ascomycota (b) Deuteromycota (c) Zygomycota (d) Basidiomycota
22) Sexual reproduction is absent in:
(a) Ascomycota (b) Deuteromycota (c) Zygomycota (d) Basidiomycota
23) Alternaria is an example of:
(a) Ascomycota (b) Deuteromycota (c) Zygomycota (d) Basidiomycota
24) Brush like arrangement of conidia is found in:
(a) Mushrooms (b) Ustilago (c) Penicillium (d) Yeast
 25) Fungi can tolerate a wide range of pH from:
(a) 2 – 9 (b) 3 - 10 (c) 4 - 11 (d) 1 - 13
26) Ecological role of fungi as decomposers is parallel only by:
(a) Arthropod (b) Algae (c) Bacteria (d) Bryophytes
27) Poisonous mushrooms are called:
(a) Truffles (b) Morels (c) Toadstools (d) Agaricus
28) The mushroom whose gills glow in the dark are:
(a) Omphalous olearius (b) Amanita verna (c) Truffles (d) Agaricus
29) The deadly poisonous fungus is:
(a) Agaricus (b) Armillaria (c) Morchella (d) Amanita
30) Lovastatin is medicine obtained from fungus. It is used for___________:
(a) Sino-ventricular node (b) Relieving Migraine
(c) Lower blood cholesterol (d) Inhibiting fungal growth
31) Which of the following is used to inhibit fungal growth:
(a) Lovastatin (b) Penicillium (c) Griseofulvin (d) Ergotin
32) Citric acid is also obtained from some species of fungi called:
(a) Agaricus (b) Aspergillus (c) Yeast (d) Penicillium
33) Saccharomyces cervicae is the most exploited:
(a) Rust (b) Brown mold (c) Smut (d) Yeast
34) Histoplasmosis is a disease of:
(a) Heart disease (b) Brain disease (c) Lung disease (d) Liver disease
35) Carcinogenic mycotoxins called Aflatoxins are produced by:
(a) Aspergillus (b) Penicillium (c) Neurospora (d) Yeast
Q. No. 2: Short Questions
1) Define nuclear mitosis.
2) Distinguish between Non-septate (Coenocytic) and Septate hyphae.
3) Compare Obligate parasite with Facultative parasite with example.
4) Name soil dwelling carnivorous fungi. How have they feed on soil nematodes (constriction rings)?
5) Differentiate between Ectomycorrhizae and Endomycorrhizae.
6) Differentiate between Lichen and Mycorrhizae.
7) Compare different methods of asexual reproduction.
8) Write two differences between spores and Conidia.
9) What are Dikaryotic Hyphae? How it is formed. Give example.
10) Compare plasmogamy with karyogamy.
11) Give characteristic of Yeast.
12) Differentiate between Smut and Rust.
13) Explain Para-sexuality.
14) Define bioremediation. What is role of lichen in ecological succession.
15) What are Toadstools; why are they called death angel?
16) What is Histoplasmosis?
17) What are Aflatoxins?
18) What is Egotism? How is it caused? Also give its symptoms.
Q. No. 3: Long Questions
1) Elaborate different modes of nutrition in Fungi.
2) Describe various modes of asexual reproduction in fungi.
3) Draw and explain the life cycle of Rhizopus.
4) Give life cycle of loose smut of wheat with the help of diagram.
5) Land adaptation fungi.
6) Elaborate Ecological uses of fungi.
7) Write a detailed note on economic gains due to fungi.
8) Write a detailed mote on economic losses due to fungi.
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 09 (Kingdom Plantae)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
1) Bryophytes are generally through to have evolved from:
(a) Brown algae (b) Green algae (c) Golden algae (d) Red algae
2) The Tracheophytes are further sub-divided into _________ divisions:
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
3) Which plants are said to be amphibians of plants world?
(a) Pteridophytes (b) Spermatophytes (c) Tracheophytes (d) Bryophytes
4) In bryophytes the sporophyte generation is____________:
(a) Haploid (b) Diploid (c) Triploid (d) None
5) The simplest of all bryophytes are:
(a) Mosses (b) Hornworts (c) liverworts (d) Whisk fern
6) In Anthoceros sporophyte at the junction of the foot and spore producing region there is a band of:
(a) Paraphyses (b) Meristematic tissue (c) Phloem (d) Xylem
7) The earliest group of vascular plants is:
(a) Lycopsida (b) Psilopsida (c) Sphenopsida (d) Pteropsida
8) Rootless sporophyte is found in:
(a) Lycopsida (b) Psilopsida (c) Sphenopsida (d) Pteropsida
9) Living genus of Psilopsida is:
(a) Horneophyton (b) Psilotum (c) Psilophyton (d) Cooksonia
10) Which of the following were the first plants that formed true leaves and roots?
(a) Lycopsida (b) Psilopsida (c) Sphenopsida (d) Pteropsida
11) Two kinds of spores are formed in:
(a) Lycopodium (b) Selaginella (c) Adiantum (d) Anthoceros
12) The process of Evolution of leaf was completed in more than ________ million years:
(a) 10 -15 (b) 15 - 20 (c) 20 - 25 (d) 25 - 30
13) The leaves are small, having a single undivided vein called:
(a) Megaphylls (b) Microphylls (c) Blade (d) Lamina
14) Unequal development of various branches during evolution of leaf is___________:
(a) Webbing (b) Fusion (c) Overtopping (d) Planation
15) Plant body of Sphenopsida are called:
(a) Spermatophytes (b) Arthrophyte (c) Arthropods (d) Bryophytes
16) The rhizome in adiantum is protected by:
(a) Ramenta (b) Fronds (c) Stipe (d) Stomium
17) The first complete seed appeared in the ___________ period / 365 M.Y.A:
(a) Late Devonian (b) Cambrian (c) Permian (d) Jurassic
18) In spermatophytes, seed is formed from:
(a) Ovary (b) Ovule (c) Anther (d) Embryo sac
19) Megasporophylls bearing ovules are not folded and joined at the margins to form ae ovary:
(a) Gymnosperm (b) Monocotyledon (c) Dicotyledon (d) Filicineae
20) Scientific name of Sago-palm is:
(a) Cycas (b) Pinus (c) Taxus (d) Picea
21) Pollen grain develops from haploid microspores than later develops into sperm bearing:
(a) Gametophyte (b) Sporophyte (c) Megaspore (d) Pollen sac
22) A flower is modified___________:
(a) Shoot (b) Leaf (c) Root (d) Petal
 23) Male reproductive parts of the flower are called:
(a) Gynoecium (b) Androecium (c) Calyx (d) Corolla
24) Megaspore, develops into female gametophyte of angiosperm, consists of_______:
(a) 8 cells (b) 7 cells (c) 3 cells (d) 2 cells
25) A seven celled structure with 8 nuclei is:
(a) Stamen (b) Ovary (c) Embryo sac. (d) Seed
26) The double fertilization is the characteristics feature of:
(a) Gymnosperms (b) Angiosperms (c) Bryophytes (d) Pteridophytes
27) Malus (apple) and Pyrus (pear) belongs to family _____________:
(a) Solanaceae (b) Rosaceae (c) Fabaceae (d) Poaceae
28) Arachis hypogea belongs to family:
(a) Rosaceae (b) Solanaceae (c) Poaceae (d) Fabaceae
29) Which one is used against snake bite?
(a) Glycyrrhiza glabra (b) Clitoria ternatea (c) Abrus precatorious (d) Penicillium
30) The leaves of Cassia allata are used against:
(a) Snake bite (b) Cough and fever (c) Cough and cold (d) Ringworm & skin
diseases

Q. No. 2: Short Questions

1) Define Phylogenetic system of classification.
2) Define Bryophytes and discuss its four characters.
3) Why are bryophytes called Amphibians of Plants?
4) What is alternation of generation? Give its significance in short.
5) Why Anthoceropsids are more advance than other bryophytes?
6) What are paraphysis and protonema.
7) Name living and extinct representatives of Psilopsida.
8) Differentiate between over topping and planation.
9) Differentiate between microphylls and megaphylls.
10) Differentiate between homospory and heterospory.
11) Define Arthrophytes? Give example.
12) Differentiate between leaf vernation and circinate vernation.
13) What are Fronts? In which group they are found?
14) Define flower. What are essential and non-essential parts of flower?
15) Define double fertilization. Give its importance.
16) Differentiate between microgametophyte and megagametophyte.
17) Differentiate between Monocot and Dicot plants.
18) Give botanical names of two plants belonging to Family Solanaceae.
Q. No. 3: Long Questions
1) Describe land adaptations of Bryophytes.
2) What is alternation of generation? Give its significance.
3) Discuss Evolution of leaf in detail.
4) Describe life cycle of Adiantum.
5) Write and explain steps in evolution of seed habits.
6) Describe life cycle of Pinus.
7) Describe life cycle of Angiosperms.
8) Describe economic importance of Family Rosaceae.
9) Describe economic importance of Family Poaceae.
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 10 (Kingdom Animalia)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
1) Animal’s bodies can be divided into equal halves in one plane is called:
(a) Asymmetrical (b) Bilateral (c) Radial (d) None
2) The animals which do not have a body cavity have been grouped under:
(a) Pseudocoelomates (b) Coelomate (c) Acoelomate (d) Chordata
3) During development, in an animal, mesoderm layer gives rise to:
(a) Nervous system (b) Alimentary canal (c) Mouth (d) Muscles and skeleton
system
4) In protostomes, the blastopore forms:
(a) Anus (b) Brain (c) Excretory pore (d) Mouth
5) The inner layer of sponges is called:
(a) Pinacoderm (b) Choanoderm (c) Endoderm (d) Epidermis
6) The skeleton of sponges in the form of variously shaped needle like structure called:
(a) Spicules (b) Gemmules (c) Tentacles (d) Corals
7) The pores by which water enters the body of sponges are called:
(a) Osculum (b) Ostia (c) Mouth (d) Pinacocytes
8) The pores by which the water leaves the body of sponges is called:
(a) Ostia (b) Osculum (c) Mouth (d) Pinacocytes
9) Venus flower basket is also called:
(a) Sycon (b) Leucosolenia (c) Euplectella (d) Spongilla
10) Fresh water sponge is:
(a) Sycon (b) Leucosolenia (c) Euplectella (d) Spongilla
11) The largest sponge that is 1 meter tall and found in Antarctica is:
(a) Scolymastra joubuni (b) Leucosolenia (c) Euplectella (d) Spongilla
12) Which of the following is a motile coelenterate:
(a) Hydra (b) Obelia colony (c) Jelly fish (d) Coral
13) Corals (Madrepore) produce hard exoskeleton made up of mostly:
(a) NaCO3 (b) NaOH (c) CaCO3 (d) Ca(OH)2
14) Polymorphism is the characteristics of members of phylum:
(a) Porifera (b) Coelenterata (c) Annelida (d) Arthropoda
15) Portuguese man of war is the name used for:
(a) Physalia (b) Jelly fish (Aurelia) (c) Obelia colony (d) Hydra
16) The excretory system of flatworms is composed of:
(a) Nephron (b) Nephridia (c) Flame cells (d) Ganglia
17) Primary host of tapeworm (Taenia) is:
(a) Man (b) Cattle (c) Sheep (d) Snail
18) Taenia solium has __________ and __________ for attachment to the intestine of host:
(a) Tentacles (b) Mouth with teeth (c) Hookers & Suckers (d) Sticky glands
19) The body cavity of Nematoda is:
(a) Blastocoel (b) Pseudocoelom (c) Haemocoelom (d) Coelom
20) Pinworms belong to phylum:
(a) Platyhelminthes (b) Aschelminthes (c) Annelida (d) Arthropoda
21) Metamerically segmented animals belong to:
(a) Echinodermata (b) Cnidaria (c) Mollusca (d) Annelida
22) In Annelida excretion takes place by special structure called:
(a) Kidney (b) Malpighian tubule (c) Flame cell (d) Nephridia
23) A free swimming trochophore larva is produced during the life cycle of:
(a) Arthropoda (b) Porifera (c) Coelenterate (d) Annelida
24) Nereis belong to Phylum:
(a) Sponges (b) Annelids (c) Arthropods (d) Nematoda
25) A rasping tongue like radula provided with horny teeth in mouth cavity of many:
(a) Mollusks (b) Echinoderms (c) Annelids (d) Chordates
26) In molluscs a blue coloured respiratory pigment is:
(a) Hemoglobin (b) Haemoerthyrin (c) Haemocyanin (d) Prothrombin
27) The largest invertebrate animal is:
(a) Octopus (b) Giant Squid (c) Anodonta (d) Oyster
28) Loligo is an animal of Phylum Mollusca, which is commonly called:
(a) Slug (b) Garden snail (c) Oyster (d) Squid
29) Joined appendages are found in phylum:
(a) Mollusca (b) Annelida (c) Arthropoda (d) All
30) The chemical found in external skeleton of arthropods is:
(a) Cutin (b) Suberin (c) Chitin (d) Lignin
31) The excretory organ in phylum Arthropoda is:
(a) Nephrons (b) Malpighian tubules (c) Flame cells (d) Nephridia
32) In insects, there are ______ pairs of legs present:
(a) 8 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 3
33) Which is the largest group of all the animal kingdom:
(a) Class Myriapoda (b) Arachnida (c) Class insecta (d) Crustacea
34) ____________ has eight eyes:
(a) Lamprey (b) Snake (c) Bat (d) Spider
35) Which of the following is of economically important for man:
(a) Daphnia (b) Silkworm (c) Millipede (d) Scorpion
36) The phylum which is exclusively marine is:
(a) Mollusks (b) Echinoderms (c) Annelids (d) Chordates
37) Madreporite is related to:
(a) Mollusks (b) Echinoderms (c) Annelids (d) Chordates
38) Sea urchin belong to phylum ______________:
(a) Mollusks (b) Echinodermata (c) Annelids (d) Chordates
39) The larva found in echinoderms is ___________:
(a) Trochophore (b) Valiger (c) Planaria (d) Bipinnaria and
Brachiolaria
40) Balanoglossus and Saccoglossus one common examples of phylum:
(a) Hemichordate (b) Echinodermata (c) Annelids (d) Mollusca
41) The presence of notochord is the character of:
(a) Arthropoda (b) Mollusca (c) Annelids (d) Chordates
42) Which one of the following is included in tunicates:
(a) Amphioxus (b) Saccoglossus (c) Balanoglossus (d) Molgula
43) Cyclostomata includes most primitive living vertebrates which were without:
(a) Auricles (b) Paired gills (c) Jaws (d) Skeleton
44) Shark liver oil is extracted and used in medicine as a source of vitamin ___________:
(a) B (b) A (c) D (d) A and D
45) Ancient fish that have developed lungs are called:
(a) Hag fish (b) Dog fish (c) Dipnoi (d) Shark
46) Which one of the following is not included in amniota?
(a) Mammals (b) Reptiles (c) Amphibians (d) Aves
 47) The earliest fossil bird is:
(a) Cotylosaurs (b) Archaeopteryx (c) Dinosaur (d) None
48) In birds, the organ of voice is called:
(a) Larynx (b) Syrinx (c) Vocal cord (d) Voice box
49) Mammals become dominant in which period/Era?
(a) Cenozoic (b) Jurassic (c) Devonian (d) Ordovician
50) It is universally accepted that mammals have evolved from reptilian ancestors called:
(a) Cotylosaurs (b) Dinosaurs (c) Cyclostomata (d) Amphibians
51) One of these is an early reptile:
(a) Varanope (b) Platypus (c) Archaeopteryx (d) Snake
52) Duckbill platypus belongs to the subclass:
(a) Prototheria (b) Metatheria (c) Eutheria (d) All of these
53) The pouched mammals are:
(a) Prototheria (b) Metatheria (c) Eutheria (d) All of these
54) Example of a placental marsupial is:
(a) Porcupine (b) Bat (c) Kangaroo (d) None
55) Mammals have only ________ aortic arc:
(a) Right (b) Left (c) Both right and left (d) No aortic arch

Q. No. 2: Short Questions

1) Differentiate between Parazoa and Eumetazoa.
2) Differentiate between diploblastic and triploblastic animals’ organization.
3) Distinguish between Radial and Bilateral symmetry.
4) Differentiate between Acoelomates, Pseudocoelomates and Coelomates.
5) Differentiate between protostomes and deuterostomes.
6) Differentiate between Spiral and Radial cleavage.
7) Differentiate between Ostia and Osculum.
8) How sponges reproduce asexually?
9) What are gemmules; give their function?
10) What are protandrous animals?
11) Discuss importance of sponges.
12) What is polymorphism? What type of polymorphism is found in obelia?
13) Differentiate between Polyps and Medusae.
14) What are coral reefs? Give their importance.
15) Compare infestation with disinfestations.
16) Give adaptations for parasitic mode of life in Platyhelminthes.
17) What are hermaphroditic Animals? Give an example.
18) Differentiate between polychaeta and Oligochaeta.
19) What is the importance of Earthworm?
20) What is Mantle?
21) What is Radula?
22) What is Haemocyanin?
23) What is economic/ commercial importance of Mollusca.
24) Give names and harms of any two harmful molluscs.
25) What is metamorphosis? Give its types.
26) Explain Ecdysis?
27) Briefly describe four harmful insects.
28) Give beneficial effects of insects.
29) Why are annelids and arthropods considered having same origin?
30) What is madreporite? Give its function.
31) What is regeneration, give an example.
32) Give resemblances/affinities found echinoderms and hemichordates.
33) Give 3 basic features of chordates.
34) Differentiate between nerve cord and notochord.
35) Give the economic importance of shark.
36) Define swim bladder and give its function and sources of gases in it.
37) What is Dipnoi?
38) Differentiate between cold blooded and warm-blooded animals.
39) Differentiate between Amniotes and Anamniotes.
40) What is Syrinx? Where is it situated?
41) What are the reptilian features of Archaeopteryx?
42) Explain the general characteristics of mammals.
43) Differentiate between Prototheria and Metatheria.
44) What are placental mammals? Give one example.
45) Define Placenta. Write its function.
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 11 (Bioenergetics)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
1) The quantitative study of energy relationship in the biological system is:
(a) Biochemistry (b) Biotechnology (c) Bioenergetics (d) Biophysics
2) Energy poor inorganic oxidized compounds are reduced to energy rich carbohydrates during:
(a) Respiration (b) Photosynthesis (c) Fermentation (d) Development
3) The hypothesis that plants split water as a source of hydrogen was given by:
(a) Neil (b) Krebs (c) Calvin (d) Pasteur
4) Moment in plants when CO2 released during respiration equals the quantity required for
photosynthesis is termed as:
(a) Chemiosmosis (b) Homeostasis (c) Action spectrum (d) Compensation point
5) Oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from according to Neil’s hypothesis:
(a) Water (b) CO2 (c) Glucose (d) Chlorophyll
6) Instrument used to measure relative abilities of different pigments to absorb different wave lengths of
light is:
(a) Thermometer (b) Spectrophotometer (c) Photometer (d) Sphygmomanometer
7) Which of the following is not an Accessory pigment:
(a) Chlorophyll a (b) Chlorophyll b (c) Xanthophyll (d) Carotenoids
8) The head of chlorophyll molecule is a complex of:
(a) Benzene ring (b) Porphyrin ring (c) Pyrrole (d) Mg ring
9) Haem portion of haemoglobin contains:
(a) Mg++ (b) Fe++ (c) Fe+++ (d) Ca++
10) Magnesium of chlorophyll is replaced in hemoglobin by:
(a) Calcium (b) Potassium (c) Iron (d) Phosphorous
11) The molecular formula for chlorophyll ‘a’ is_______________:
(a) C55H70O6N4Mg (b) C55H72O5N4Mg (c) C50H70O5N4Mg (d) C56H70O5N4Mg
12) The molecular formula for chlorophyll ‘b’ is_______________:
(a) C55H72O5N4Mg (b) C55H70O6N4Mg (c) C50H70O5N4Mg (d) C56H70O5N4Mg
13) Chlorophylls absorb mainly wavelength:
(a) Yellow (b) Violet-blue (c) Green (d) Indigo
14) A graph plotting absorption of light of different wavelengths by a pigment is called:
(a) Action spectrum (b) Absorption spectrum (c) Visible spectrum (d) Frequency histogram
15) Photosystem I have chlorophyll ‘a’ which absorbs maximum light of:
(a) 400 nm (b) 500 nm (c) 600 nm (d) 700 nm
16) The first action spectrum was obtained by:
(a) T.W Engelmann (b) Van Neil (c) Melvin Calvin (d) Ernst Haeckel
17) The percentage of photosynthesis carried out by terrestrial plants is about:
(a) 10 (b) 20 (c) 30 (d) 40
18) Photosynthetic pigments are organized into clusters, called:
(a) Phytochromes (b) Photosystems (c) Chromatophores (d) Cytochromes
19) Photosystem II has the form of chlorophyll a which absorb best the light of:
(a) 670 nm (b) 680 nm (c) 690 nm (d) 700 nm
20) Plastocyanin protein contains:
(a) Iron (b) Copper (c) Magnesium (d) Potassium
21) The dark reaction in photosynthesis occurs in:
(a) Cytoplasm (b) Chloroplast (c) Stroma (d) Grana
22) The most abundant protein in chloroplast is:
(a) Chlorophyll (b) Ribulose biphosphate (c) Histone (d) Rubisco
23) End product of anaerobic respiration in Yeast:
(a) Lactic acid (b) Methyl Alcohol (c) Ethyl Alcohol and CO2(d) Pyruvate
24) Formula of Lactic acid is _______:
(a) C3H4O3 (b) C3H5O3 (c) C3H6O3 (d) C2H5OH
25) The compound formed during muscle fatigue is:
(a) Alcohol (b) Lactic acid (c) HCl (d) Carbon
26) The amount of glucose into ATP during anaerobic respiration:
(a) 4 % (b) 3 % (c) 2 % (d) 5 %
27) The breaking of the terminal phosphate of ATP release energy of about:
(a) 9.3 kcal (b) 3.7 kcal (c) 7.3 kcal (d) 5.3 kcal
28) Glycolysis is breakdown of glucose up to the formation of ___________:
(a) Acetic acid (b) Pyruvic acid (c) Citric acid (d) Lactic acid
29) Glycolysis occurs in:
(a) Nucleus (b) Mitochondria (c) Cytosol (d) Ribosome
30) Which of the following does occur for the formation of acetyl Co-A from pyruvate:
(a) Decarboxylation (b) Carboxylation (c) Hydrogenation (d) Deamination
31) First step in Krebs cycle Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to form:
(a) Isocitrate (b) α-ketoglutarate (c) Citrate (d) Malate
32) In respiratory chain NADH is oxidized by:
(a) Cytochrome b (b) Coenzyme Q (c) Oxygen (d) None
33) Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in conjunction with respiratory chain in the inner membrane
of:
(a) Mitochondria (b) Chloroplast (c) Golgi body (d) Lysosome
34) Synthesis of ATP in the presence of oxygen is called:
(a) Chemiosmosis (b) Photophosphorylation
(c) Fermentation (d) Oxidative phosphorylation
 35) Which of the following does not need pyruvic acid as a substrate?
(a) Alcohol fermentation (b) Calvin cycle
(c) Aerobic respiration (d) Lactic acid fermentation

Q. No. 2: Short Questions

1) Define Bioenergetics.
2) Compare between photosynthesis and respiration.
3) What is compensation point?
4) What is the source of oxygen during photosynthesis?
5) What are accessory pigments? State their role.
6) Draw the structure of chlorophyll molecule.
7) Differentiate chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b with the help of chemical formula.
8) Compare absorption and action spectrum.
9) What is the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis?
10) What is photolysis of water; in which photosystem it takes place; also give its significance.
11) Define photophosphorylation. Give its types.
12) What are the products of light reaction?
13) What is chemiosmosis?
14) What is Calvin cycle? and why it called C3 cycle?
15) What is Rubisco? Give its function.
16) Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
17) Differentiate between alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation.
18) What is biological oxidation?
19) What are cytochromes?
20) Sum up how many ATP is made in cellular respiration.
Q. No. 3: Long Questions
1) Write a detailed note on Neil’s hypothesis.
2) Describe light reaction in detail (non-cyclic photophosphorylation).
3) Give a detailed note on Calvin cycle.
4) Define respiration; write a detailed note on anaerobic respiration.
5) Discuss sketch in glycolysis.
6) Write a detailed note on Krebs cycle.
7) Explain respiratory ETC (How NADH and FADH are utilized to produce energy).
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 12 (Nutrition)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
1) Deficiency of phosphorous in plants causes:
(a) Yellow leaf margins (b) Stunted growth of roots
(c) Premature plants death (d) Chlorosis
2) Dionaea muscipula is the botanical name of:
(a) Pitcher plant (b) Venus fly trap (c) Sundew (d) Amaltas
3) The animals which feed on organic debris are:
(a) Herbivores (b) Carnivores (c) Omnivores (d) Detritivores
4) Rodents are:
(a) Herbivores (b) Detritivores (c) Carnivores (d) Omnivores
5) Certain types of whales are:
(a) Detritivores (b) Fluid feeders (c) Omnivores (d) Filter feeders
6) Seizing and swallowing type of Macrophagous feeding is found in:
(a) Aphids (b) Hydra (c) Mussels (d) Spotted Dog fish
7) There is rasping tongue like structure in mollusks called____________:
(a) Radula (b) Blastula (c) Gastrula (d) Morula
8) Utilization of products of digestion for production of energy or synthesis of cellular material is:
(a) Absorption (b) Digestion (c) Assimilation (d) Egestion
9) The intestinal caecae are present in digestive system of:
(a) Hydra (b) Planaria (c) Cockroach (d) Earthworm
10) In cockroach food is temporarily stored in:
(a) Gizzard (b) Esophagus (c) Mesenteron (d) Crop
11) Taste buds tongue play important role in food ___________:
(a) Digestion (b) Selection (c) Lubrication (d) Mastication
12) Sub-lingual glands are located below the ___________:
(a) Jaws (b) Ear (c) Tongue (d) All of the above
13) pH of fresh saliva is about:
(a) 6.0 (b) 7.0 (c) 8.0 (d) 9.0
14) Carbohydrate digesting enzymes are called:
(a) Ligase (b) Amylase (c) Protease (d) Lipase
15) The human stomach is situated below the:
(a) Diaphragm (b) Liver (c) Kidneys (d) Spleen
16) Oxyntic cells secrete (Parietal cells lining of stomach secrete):
(a) Mucous (b) Bicarbonates (c) HCl (d) Pepsinogen
17) Pepsin is secreted by:
(a) Mucus cell (b) Zymogen cell (c) Parietal cell (d) Chief cell
 18) The length of duodenum is about:
(a) 10-20 cm (b) 20-25 cm (c) 30-35 cm (d) 10-15 cm
19) Trypsinogen is converted into Trypsin by the activity of:
(a) NaHCO3 (b) HCl (c) Enterokinase (d) Peptidase
20) Emulsification is the function of:
(a) Bile (b) Lipase (c) Amylase (d) Protease
21) Gastric secretion is inhibited by:
(a) Bile (b) Pancreatic juice (c) Secretin (d) Gastrin
22) Hepatic and pancreatic secretions are also stimulated by hormone called:
(a) Gastrin (b) Insulin (c) Pepsinogen (d) Secretin
23) If bile pigments are prevented from having digestive tract causing a condition called ________:
(a) Piles (b) Obesity (c) Jaundice (d) Filler
24) Gallstones are produced in the gall bladder sue to precipitation of:
(a) Glucose (b) Cholesterol (c) Glycerol (d) CaCO3
25) Dipeptides are broken down into amino acids by:
(a) Erypsin (b) Pepsin (c) Trypsin (d) Lipase
26) Each villus is richly supplied with blood capillaries and vessel of lymphatic system called:
(a) Arteriole (b) Bronchiole (c) Lacteal (d) Coelom
27) In large intestine, vitamin K is found in:
(a) Small intestine (b) Large intestine (c) Stomach (d) Duodenum
28) If absorption of water and salt does not take place due to infection cause a condition called:
(a) Cholera (b) Constipation (c) Dyspepsia (d) Diarrhea
29) Botulism is caused by:
(a) Salmonella (b) Campylobactor (c) Clostridium botulinum (d) Pseudomonas
30) The loss of appetite dur to fear of becoming obese is:
(a) Anorexia nervosa (b) Bulimia nervosa (c) Dyspepsia (d) Obesity
31) A neurotic disorder in slightly older girl is:
(a) Anorexia nervosa (b) Bulimia nervosa (c) Dyspepsia (d) Obesity
32) Excess gastric secretion is an important factor of:
(a) Obesity (b) Piles (c) Food poisoning (d) Peptic ulcer

Q. No. 2: Short Questions

1) Difference between Autotrophs and Heterotrophs.
2) Define Chlorosis. Whose deficiencies cause chlorosis?
3) What is Saprophytic Nutrition?
4) Discuss parasitic nutrition in plants.
5) Define symbiotic nutrition. Give example.
6) Difference between detritivores and omnivores.
7) What are fluid feeders? Give two examples.
 8) Define macrophages feeding with example.
9) Differentiate between facultative and obligate parasites.
10) What is Holozoic nutrition? Name steps in Holozoic nutrition.
11) Differentiate between ingestion and Egestion.
12) Differentiate between absorption and assimilation.
13) What are nematocysts? What is their role in ingestion of prey?
14) Give 2 roles of Oral cavity.
15) What are Salivary glands? What are the types of salivary glands in man?
16) Name enzyme found in Saliva. Give the composition of saliva.
17) Differentiate between Peristalsis and antiperistalsis.
18) Give two ways by which Pepsinogen is activated. How is Pepsinogen converted into pepsin?
19) Differentiate Bolus and Chyme.
20) Write a note on heart burn or pyrosis.
21) What have you known about hanger pang in human?
22) Differentiate between secretin and gastrin.
23) What is Bile and its functions?
24) How does jaundice develop?
25) How is the gall stone formed? Mention their effects.
26) Define Villi. Give role of villi.
27) Compare appendix and appendicitis.
28) Differentiate between diarrhea and constipation.
29) What is dyspepsia?
30) What is food poisoning, write its symptoms.
31) What is botulism? Give its causes and symptoms of botulism.
32) What is ulcer?
Q. No. 3: Long Questions
1) Describe nutrition in Insectivorous plants.
2) How digestion occurs in Cockroach?
3) Discuss digestion in Oral cavity.
4) Write the role of stomach in food digestion.
5) Describe absorption in small intestine.
6) Write the structure and role of large intestine.
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 13 (Gaseous Exchange)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
1) Oxygen content of fresh air is about:
(a) 10 ml / liter (b) 20 ml / liter (c) 50 ml / liter (d) 200 ml / liter
2) Oxygen diffuses many times more quickly in the air than in water:
(a) 4000 times (b) 7000 times (c) 6500 times (d) 8000 times
3) Air spaces between mesophyll cells of leaves comprise up to the total volume of the leaf:
(a) 20 % (b) 30 % (c) 40 % (d) 50 %
4) Lenticels are aerating pores formed in the:
(a) Bark (b) Epidermis (c) Pericycle (d) Endodermis
5) Rubisco fixes oxygen instead of CO2:
(a) Glycolysis (b) Photorespiration (c) Krebs cycle (d) Respiration
6) During photorespiration Glycine is converted into serine in the:
(a) Mitochondria (b) Golgi bodies (c) Chloroplast (d) Ribosome
7) The most abundant protein in nature is:
(a) Haemoglobin (b) Insulin (c) Globulin (d) Rubisco
8) In earthworms, the exchange of gases occurs mainly through:
(a) Lungs (b) Gills (c) Skin (d) Setae
9) Main tracheal trunk in Cockroaches communicates with the exterior by_______?
(a) Tracheoles (b) Spiracles (c) Alveoli (d) Air sacs
10) Blood is not involved in the transport of gas in:
(a) Cockroach (Insects) (b) Fish (c) Frog (d) Man
11) How many numbers of spiracles are present in cockroaches?
(a) 8 pairs (b) 7 pairs (c) 9 pairs (d) 10 pairs
12) The respiratory organs in fish are:
(a) Lungs (b) Air sacs (c) Gills (d) Tracheae
13) Gaseous exchange occurs in frogs through the lungs is called:
(a) Photorespiration (b) Pulmonary respiration (c) Cutaneous respiration (d) Cellular respiration
14) In the lungs of birds, instead of alveoli tiny thin-walled ducts are present which are called:
(a) Tracheoles (b) Bronchioles (c) Air sac (d) Parabronchi
15) The respiratory system is most efficient in:
(a) Man (b) Birds (c) Fish (d) Snake
16) During breathing, no stale air remains in the lungs of ________:
(a) Man (b) Birds (c) Fish (d) Snake
17) The number of air sacs in most birds are:
(a) 06 (b) 07 (c) 08 (d) 09
18) Opening in the oral cavity (Throat) through which air enters the windpipe is called:
(a) Glottis (b) Larynx (c) Bronchus (d) Pharynx
19) The complex cartilaginous structure at the upper end of the trachea is called:
(a) Larynx (b) Glottis (c) Epiglottis (d) Soft palate
20) ____________ help in voice production when vibrated by air:
(a) Spinal cord (b) Vocal cord (c) Trachea (d) Bronchi
21) All the following contain cartilage except:
(a) Larynx (b) Trachea (c) Bronchioles (d) Bronchi
22) The diameter of bronchioles is:
(a) 3 mm (b) 2 mm (c) 1mm (d) 0.1 mm
23) The lungs are covered by double-layered thin membranous sacs called:
(a) Pleura (b) Diaphragm (c) Scrotum (d) Pericardium
24) During rest, the breathing rate in humans is ____________ times/minute:
(a) 10 - 15 (b) 15 - 20 (c) 20 - 25 (d) 25 – 30
25) When oxygen tension is 115 mm of mercury then haemoglobin saturation is:
(a) 100 % (b) 98 % (c) 78 % (d) 68 %
26) Blood contains__________ oxygen per 100 ml of blood when haemoglobin is 98 % saturated:
(a) 19.6 ml (b) 20 ml (c) 21 ml (d) 10 ml
 27) __________ is more important regulator of the breathing process:
(a) Oxygen (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Hemoglobin (d) Myoglobin
28) Percentage of carbon dioxide carried in the form of bicarbonate in plasma is:
(a) 65 (b) 70 (c) 75 (d) 80
29) 100 ml of venous blood of human beings carry CO2:
(a) 50 ml (b) 54 ml (c) 56 ml (d) 58 ml
30) Normal alveolar ventilation is regulated by___________ or (_______ is more important regulator of
breathing process):
(a) Haemoglobin (b) Oxygen (c) Cardon dioxide (d) Iron
31) More than ten compounds of tar of tobacco smoke are included in causing______:
(a) Cancer (b) Tuberculosis (c) Asthma (d) Emphysema
32) Emphysema is the breakdown of:
(a) Trachea (b) Bronchi (c) Alveoli (d) Bronchioles
33) Asthma is associated with severe paroxysm of difficult:
(a) Sleeping (b) Speaking (c) Sneezing (d) Breathing
34) The respiratory distress syndrome is common in infants with a gestation age of less than ___months:
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 7
35) An iron-containing protein respiratory pigment occurring in muscle fibers is:
(a) Actin (b) Myosin (c) Globulin (d) Myoglobin
36) How many molecules of oxygen can bind with a molecule of myoglobin:
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1
37) Myoglobin occurs in:
(a) RBCs (b) Plasma (c) WBCs (d) Muscles
38) Haemoglobin in man increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood to about:
(a) 75 times (b) 50 times (c) 60 times (d) 100 times
39) How much air holding capacity of human lungs when fully inflated:
(a) 5.0 liters (b) 2.5 liters (c) 1.5 liters (d) 7.0 liters
40) The volume of air taken inside the lungs and expelled during exercise is about:
(a) 5.0 liters (b) 2.5 liters (c) 1.5 liters (d) 3.5 liters
Q. No. 2: Short Questions
1) How does inhalation differ from expiration?
2) Differentiate between Breathing and Cellular respiration.
3) Why air is a better respiratory medium than water?
4) Differentiate between stomata and lenticels.
5) What is photorespiration? Name organelles and enzymes involved in it.
6) What is Rubisco? Give its function.
7) Write down the properties of the respiratory surface in animals.
8) How does respiration occur in earthworms?
9) What are spiracles? Give their function.
10) Differentiate between cutaneous and pulmonary respiration in frogs.
11) What is operculum?
12) What is the vocal cord? Also, discuss its function.
13) What are parabronchi? Give their function.
14) Differentiate between Glottis and Epiglottis.
15) Differentiate between the diaphragm and pleura.
16) Differentiate between Bronchi and Bronchioles.
17) What are Alveoli? Give their function.
18) How does temperature affect the oxygen-carrying capacity of Hemoglobin?
19) How does the concentration of carbon dioxide affect the oxygen-carrying capacity of Hemoglobin?
20) What is Asthma? Write down its causes.
21) What is emphysema? Give its symptoms.
22) What is diving reflex? How is it generated?
23) What is respiratory distress syndrome?
24) Give percentage of carbon dioxide in venous and arterial blood.
25) Give composition of inhaled and exhaled air.
1st Year Biology (Assignment) Chapter No. 14 (Transport)
Mentor Name: M. Mustansar Iqbal (MPhil Zoology, M.Ed)
Q1. Encircle the correct answer.
1) Prosopis trees of Leguminosae family has maximum depth of:
(a) 50 meters (b) 60 meters (c) 70 meters (d) 80 meters
2) A rye plant less than one meter tall has branch roots about:
(a) 12 million (b) 14 million (c) 16 million (d) 18 million
3) The pathway involving system of adjacent cell which is continuance throughout the plants roots:
(a) Casparian strip (b) Apoplast (c) Plasmodesmata (d) Symplast
4) Casparian strips are present in cells of root:
(a) Epidermis (b) Cortex (c) Pericycle (d) Endodermis
5) Water potential of pure water is:
(a) More than zero (b) Less than zero (c) Equal to zero (d) Equal to one
6) Shrinkage of protoplasm by exosmosis of water is called:
(a) Bleeding (b) Imbibition (c) Plasmolysis (d) Turgidity
7) Cohesion tension theory was proposed by:
(a) Dixon (b) Sacks (c) Von Mohl (d) Van Neil
8) Attraction between water molecules in xylem tissue is called:
(a) Tension (b) Adhesion (c) Cohesion (d) Imbibition
9) Phenomenon associated with root pressure is (Loss of water through water secreting
glands/hydathodes):
(a) Imbibition (b) Cohesion (c) Guttation (d) Tension
10) Guttation occurs in plants through:
(a) Lenticles (b) Hydathodes (c) Stomata (d) Cuticle
11) Hydathodes are associated with:
(a) Transpiration (b) Conduction (c) Translocation (d) Guttation
12) The volume of dry seed may increase up to 200 times by:
(a) Active transport (b) Osmosis (c) Imbibition (d) Bleeding
13) The total transpiration takes place through cuticle is:
(a) 5 – 7 % (b) 1 – 7 % (c) 5 – 8 % (d) 2 – 5 %
14) Air space between mesophyll cells of a leaf comprises_________ of total volume of leaf:
(a) 20 % (b) 30 % (c) 40 % (d) 50 %
15) The rate of transpiration doubles by every rise of temperature about:
(a) 5 °C (b) 10 °C (c) 15 °C (d) 20 °C
16) The movement of ions causes opening and closing of stomata by:
(a) Ca++ (b) Mg++ (c) K+ (d) Na+
17) The cells of phloem that conduct sugar and other organic material throughout the plant are known as:
(a) Xylem (b) Sieve cells (c) Stylets (d) Guard cells
18) The cells which supply ATP and proteins to sieve tubes are:
(a) Companion (b) Epidermis (c) Tracheids (d) Vessels
19) The pressure flow theory was first proposed in 1930 by:
(a) Ernst Haeckel (b) Ernst Munch (c) Fleming (d) Dixon
20) In cockroach the heart is …………… chambered:
(a) Four (b) Three (c) Two (d) Thirteen
21) Single circulatory system is present in:
(a) Amphibians (b) Fishes (c) Reptiles (d) Birds
22) The weight of the blood in our body is about ___________ of our body:
(a) 1/6th (b) 1/5th (c) 1/12th (d) 1/20th
23) The normal pH of human blood is:
(a) 6.0 (b) 7.4 (c) 8.0 (d) 9.0
24) The concentration of Plasma in the blood is:
(a) 30 % (b) 45 % (c) 90 % (d) 55 %
25) The most abundant compound in blood plasma is:
(a) NaCl (b) Albumin (c) Water (d) Globulin
 26) The plasma proteins constitute percent by weight of plasma:
(a) 7 – 9 (b) 9 - 11 (c) 11 - 13 (d) 13 - 15
27) Mature mammalian red blood cells do not have:
(a) Nucleus (b) Haem group (c) Fluid (d) Hemoglobin
28) The agranulocytes white blood cell is:
(a) Neutrophils (b) Eosinophils (c) Monocytes (d) Basophils
29) The substance which inhibits blood clotting is:
(a) Heparin (b) Histamine (c) Fibrin (d) Albumin
30) Histamine is produced by:
(a) Neutrophils (b) Eosinophils (c) Basophils (d) Monocytes
31) Cells which play very important role in developing immunity are:
(a) Leukocytes (b) Platelets (c) RBC (d) Lymphocytes
32) Platelets are fragments of large cells called:
(a) Micro karyocytes (b) Mega karyocytes (c) Thrombocytes (d) Leucocytes
33) Disorder in which haemoglobin molecule have F. chain instead of B-chain is:
(a) Blood cancer (b) Thalassaemia (c) Oedema (d) Sickle cell anemia
34) Thalassaemia is also called __________anemia:
(a) Cooley’s (b) Thomas (c) Koch (d) Miescher
35) One cardiac cycle is completed in_________ seconds:
(a) 0.3 (b) 0.5 (c) 0.8 (d) 1.2
36) The arteries divide into smaller vessels called:
(a) Veins (b) Venules (c) Capillaries (d) Arterioles
37) The valves present in the veins are:
(a) Semilunar (b) Tricuspid (c) Bicuspid (d) Aortic
38) Discharge of blood from blood vessel is called as:
(a) Stroke (b) Heart attack (c) Thrombosis (d) Haemorrhage
39) Passive immunity is developed by injecting:
(a) Vaccine (b) Serum (c) Antiserum (d) Antibiotic
40) The antiserum is a serum containing…………:
(a) Antibiotics (b) Antibodies (c) Antigens (d) Anti Rh factor
Q. No. 2: Short Questions
1) Differentiate between Diffusion and Osmosis.
2) Differentiate between Apoplast and Symplast pathway of water absorption.
3) Differentiate between water potential and solute potential.
4) Differentiate between plasmolysis and deplasmolysis.
5) Differentiate between Guttation and transpiration.
6) What is imbibition? Write its significance for the germination of seed.
7) What do you know about bleeding in plants?
8) Differentiate between stomatal, cuticular and lenticular transpiration.
9) How does carbon dioxide concentration affect the rate of transpiration.
10) Differentiate between source and sink.
11) Compare open circulatory system with close circulatory system.
12) Differentiate between pulmonary and systemic circulation.
13) Differentiate between granulocyte and agranulocytes.
14) Give two important chemicals produced by basophils. What function do they perform?
15) Give the role of Eosinophils.
16) What are platelets? Give the role of platelets.
17) Write the function performed by blood in humans.
18) What are Oedema and Leukemia?
19) How is heart sound produced?
20) What is pacemaker? Write its functions.
21) What are blue babies?
22) Differentiate between atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis.
23) Define Blood pressure. Compare systolic and diasystolic pressure.
 24) Differentiate between thrombus and embolus.
25) Give any two reasons for thrombus formation.
26) What do you mean by hypertension?
27) Differentiate between Myocardial infarction (Heart attack), Stroke and Brain Hemorrhage.
28) What are lymph nodes? What are their functions?
29) Define immunity. Give its two types.
30) Differentiate between Antigen and Antibodies.
31) Differentiate between B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.
32) Differentiate between Active and Passive Immunity.

Q. No. 3: Long Questions

1) Discuss Cohesion tension theory.
2) Describe the hypothesis “influx of K ions" about opening and closing of Stomata.
3) Discuss Pressure Flow Theory.
4) Describe functions of Blood in detail.
5) Discuss blood plasma in detail.
6) Write a note on Cardiac cycle.
7) Discuss lymphatic system in detail.
8) Write a detailed note on immunity.