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Current Affairs MCQs PDF - April, 2025

These Questions have been sourced from Current Affairs 2025 Daily 20
MCQ Series in GKToday Android Application. This app exclusive course
provides approx. 500 questions every month along with archives of last 5
years current affairs mcqs, category wise classification, monthly
compilations as well as monthly revision documents in just Rs. 999/- per
year.

1. Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary is located in which state?

[A] Gujarat
[B] Odisha
[C] Kerala
[D] Tamil Nadu
Answer: Kerala
A recent faunal survey by the Forest Department recorded 63 new species of odonates,
butterflies, and birds in Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary. The sanctuary is in Malappuram
district, Kerala, covering 227.97 sq.km on the western slopes of the Nilgiri Hills. It is part of
the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve under UNESCO's Man and Biosphere Programme.
Karimpuzha Wildlife Sanctuary shares boundaries with Mukurthi National Park in Tamil
Nadu and Silent Valley National Park in Kerala. The name ‘Karimpuzha’ comes from the
Karimpuzha River, a tributary of River Chaliyar. The terrain varies from 40 m to 2550 m,
supporting rich biodiversity.
2. Parbati-II Hydroelectric Project, which was seen in news, is located in which state?
[A] Uttar Pradesh
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Punjab
[D] Himachal Pradesh
Answer: Himachal Pradesh
National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Private Limited successfully completed the trial
run of Unit 2 (200 MW) of the Parbati-II Hydroelectric Project in Himachal Pradesh. The
Parbati-II Hydroelectric Project is a run-of-the-river project in Sainj, Kullu, Himachal
Pradesh, harnessing the lower Parbati River, a tributary of the Beas River. A concrete
gravity dam at Pulga village diverts water through a 31.52 km head race tunnel to a
powerhouse in Suind village, Sainj Valley. The project has a total capacity of 800 MW (four
units of 200 MW each). Once fully operational, it will generate 3,074 million units of
electricity annually. National Hydroelectric Power Corporation Private Limited owns 100%
of the project.
3. The Sarhul Festival is mainly celebrated in which state?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Jharkhand
[C] Karnataka
[D] Mizoram
Answer: Jharkhand

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Sarhul Festival is celebrated by Adivasi communities in Jharkhand and the Chotanagpur

region to mark spring and the new year. Sarhul means “worship of the Sal tree”,
symbolizing the union of the Sun and Earth for life. The Sal tree is sacred and believed to
be the abode of Sarna Maa, the village deity. Three-day celebration includes cleaning,
gathering Sal flowers, fasting, rituals at Sarna Sthals (Sacred Groves), sacrifices, prayers,
and a community feast with Handia (rice beer). Tribes like Oraon, Munda, Santal, Khadia,
and Ho celebrate it.
4. Which state government has launched the P4 Bangaru Kutumbam-Margadarsi initiative to
eradicate poverty?
[A] Andhra Pradesh
[B] Karnataka
[C] Kerala
[D] Maharashtra
Answer: Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister launched the P4 Bangaru Kutumbam-Margadarsi initiative
in Velagapudi on Ugadi. P4 stands for Public-Private-People Partnership, a mission-mode
initiative for social and economic transformation. It aims to eradicate poverty and uplift
marginalised families by creating model families called “Bangaru Kutumbam.” The
initiative targets over 2 million beneficiaries in the initial phase. It provides free gas
cylinders, educational support, and women empowerment schemes. The initiative
promotes inclusive development, governance innovation, and a replicable welfare model
for other states.
5. Which ministry has launched the “NITI NCAER States Economic Forum” portal in New Delhi?
[A] Ministry of Home Affairs
[B] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[C] Ministry of Finance
[D] Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
Answer: Ministry of Finance
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman launched the “NITI NCAER States Economic Forum”
portal on April 1, 2025, in New Delhi. NITI Aayog and the National Council of Applied
Economic Research (NCAER) have developed a portal on State Finances covering 1990-91
to 2022-23. The portal has four components: State Reports, Data Repository, State Fiscal
and Economic Dashboard, and Research and Commentary. It provides accessible macro,
fiscal, demographic, and socio-economic data for informed policymaking. The portal
enables benchmarking across states, facilitates research, and helps track trends for
evidence-based policy decisions.
6. Which city has become home to India's first textile machine park?
[A] Indore, Madhya Pradesh
[B] Surat, Gujarat
[C] Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
[D] Jaipur, Rajasthan
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Answer: Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh MSME Minister announced India’s first Textile Machine Park near Kanpur on
875 acres in Chaparghata village, Bhongaon. The park will follow the Public-Private
Partnership (PPP) model to reduce imports and promote Make in India. It aims to
manufacture textile machines currently imported from China, Vietnam, South Korea,
Taiwan, and Europe. More than 200 large and medium units will be set up for machine
production. Machines like circular knitting, flat knitting, printing, and technical textile
machines will be manufactured. Local technical experts will be trained for repair and
maintenance. Uttar Pradesh’s textile sector is witnessing rapid growth.
7. Tiger Triumph is an exercise conducted between India and which country?
[A] United States
[B] France
[C] Germany
[D] Australia
Answer: United States
The fourth edition of Exercise Tiger Triumph, a bilateral India-US Humanitarian Assistance
and Disaster Relief (HADR) exercise, takes place from April 1 to 13, 2025, on the Eastern
Seaboard. The exercise aims to enhance interoperability and create Standard Operating
Procedures for a Combined Coordination Center between Indian and US Joint Task Forces.
Indian participants include naval ships, Army troops, Air Force aircraft, and a Rapid Action
Medical Team. US participants include Navy ships and US Marine Division troops. The
exercise includes a Harbour Phase in Visakhapatnam and a Sea Phase near Kakinada.
8. The government has launched ZooWIN, a digital platform to track the availability of which two
types of medical supplies?
[A] Malaria medicines and dengue vaccines
[B] Anti-rabies vaccines (ARV) and anti-snake venom (ASV)
[C] COVID-19 vaccines and polio vaccines
[D] None of the Above
Answer: Anti-rabies vaccines (ARV) and anti-snake venom (ASV)
The government has launched ZooWIN, a digital platform to track real-time availability of
anti-rabies vaccines (ARV) and anti-snake venom (ASV) nationwide. ZooWIN is similar to
Co-WIN and U-WIN, centralizing data for better coordination among healthcare providers,
municipal authorities, and veterinary services. It supports the Union Health Ministry’s
efforts to combat rabies and snakebites under the National Action Plan for Prevention and
Control of Snakebite Envenoming (NAPSE). India records 3–4 million snakebites annually,
causing around 50,000 deaths, half of the global snakebite mortality. The platform is
initially piloted in Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Puducherry, and Andhra Pradesh.
9. The Sagarmala Programme was launched by which ministry?
[A] Ministry of Jal Shakti
[B] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[C] Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
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[D] Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways
Answer: Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways
The Sagarmala Programme, launched in March 2015, aims to revolutionize India’s
maritime sector. It was launched by Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways. India’s
7,500 km coastline and 14,500 km of waterways offer significant growth potential. It
focuses on streamlining logistics, reducing costs, and improving trade competitiveness via
efficient coastal and waterway networks. The program emphasizes port modernization,
industrial growth, job creation, and sustainable development. The Maritime Amrit Kaal
Vision 2047 sets targets for shipbuilding and port handling, aiming to make India a top
global maritime leader. 839 projects worth ₹5.79 lakh crores, with 272 completed,
investing ₹1.41 lakh crore.
10. Which Indian state is the host of Asia Cup Hockey 2025?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Bihar
[C] Haryana
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Bihar
Rajgir, Bihar, will host the Hero Asia Cup Hockey 2025 in August. Hockey India and Bihar
State Sports Authority signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the event. The
tournament will be held from August 29 to September 7 at Rajgir Hockey Stadium. This is
Rajgir’s second international event after the Women’s Asian Champions Trophy in 2023,
where India won. The 12th edition will feature 8 teams, including India, Pakistan, Japan,
Korea, China, and Malaysia.
11. Which day is observed as National Maritime Day every year in India?
[A] April 2
[B] April 4
[C] April 5
[D] April 6
Answer: April 5
Maharashtra Governor C P Radhakrishnan inaugurated the 62nd National Maritime Day
and Merchant Navy Week at Raj Bhavan, Mumbai. National Maritime Day is celebrated in
India every year on April 5. It marks the maiden voyage of SS Loyalty, the first Indian-
owned ship, from Mumbai to London on April 5, 1919. Various ports and maritime
organizations under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways (MoPSW) honored the
bravery and dedication of seafarers. The event highlighted India's maritime excellence
and contribution to global shipping.
12. The Arctic Council was formed through which declaration?
[A] Helsinki Agreement
[B] Ottawa Declaration
[C] Glasgow Declaration
[D] UNESCO Declaration

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Answer: Ottawa Declaration
The Arctic region is a global flashpoint due to geopolitical tensions, climate change, and
resource competition. The Arctic Council, formed in 1996 through the Ottawa Declaration,
governs the Arctic. The Council has 8 member states: Canada, Denmark (Greenland),
Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden, and the United States. These countries control
land territories and have rights over resources within their Exclusive Economic Zones
(EEZs). Six Indigenous groups are permanent participants representing Arctic inhabitants.
Thirteen countries, including India, and various organizations are observers. All decisions
require consensus from the eight Arctic States and consultation with permanent
participants.
13. Which company recently launched a private astronaut crew on a historic polar-orbiting
mission?
[A] Blue Origin
[B] Firefly Aerospace
[C] SpaceX
[D] AgniKul Cosmos
Answer: SpaceX
SpaceX recently launched a private astronaut crew on a historic polar-orbiting mission
from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida aboard a Falcon 9 rocket. A Polar Orbit (PO)
is a type of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) between 200 km and 1,000 km in altitude. Unlike
equatorial orbits, satellites in a polar orbit travel from pole to pole. Polar orbits allow
satellites to cover the entire Earth’s surface as the planet rotates. These orbits are crucial
for Earth observation, climate monitoring, and reconnaissance. The Fram2 mission is the
first human spaceflight to use this trajectory, marking a milestone in space exploration.
14. The Saudagari block print from which city has recently received a Geographical Indication (GI)
tag?
[A] Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
[B] Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
[C] Kolkata, West Bengal
[D] Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Answer: Ahmedabad, Gujarat
The Saudagari block print from Jamalpur, Ahmedabad, has received the Geographical
Indication (GI) tag for its unique craftsmanship. This traditional art is done by hand on
fabric, showcasing intricate designs. Saudagari block prints are widely used in kurtis,
chunris, kurtas, dhotis, turbans, and shawls. The Chhipa community, known for its
expertise in printing, plays a key role in this craft. The GI tag recognizes Saudagari block
printing as an important part of Gujarat’s cultural heritage, preserving its legacy and
promoting artisans.
15. Where was the WHO Second Global Conference on Air Pollution and Health 2025 organized?
[A] Cartagena, Colombia
[B] Geneva, Switzerland
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[C] Paris, France
[D] New Delhi, India
Answer: Cartagena, Colombia
The Second World Health Organization (WHO) Global Conference on Air Pollution and
Health was held in Cartagena, Colombia. It was co-organized by WHO, Colombia, and
United Nations (UN) agencies, including the United Nations Environment Programme
(UNEP) and World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The conference aimed to
accelerate action for clean air, clean energy access, and climate change mitigation. Over
50 countries committed to reducing air pollution’s health impacts by 50% by 2040. India
reaffirmed its commitment through actions under the National Clean Air Programme
(NCAP).
16. Which day is observed as World Autism Awareness Day (WAAD) every year?
[A] April 1
[B] April 2
[C] April 3
[D] April 4
Answer: April 2
World Autism Awareness Day is observed every year on April 2 to raise awareness about
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). ASD is a developmental brain disorder that affects social
interaction, communication, and behavior. Symptoms include difficulty in socializing,
repetitive behaviors, and challenges in daily functioning. There is no cure for ASD, but
early and intensive treatment can help improve quality of life. The 2025 theme is
"Advancing Neurodiversity and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
(SDGs)". The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) designated April 2 as World Autism
Awareness Day in 2007 to promote acceptance and inclusion.
17. Naini Lake, that was recently seen in news, is located in which state/UT?
[A] Himachal Pradesh
[B] Ladakh
[C] Uttarakhand
[D] Haryana
Answer: Uttarakhand
Naini Lake in Uttarakhand's Kumaon region has recorded a water level of 4.7 feet, the
lowest in five years. The lake has reached its zero level more than 10 times since 2000,
compared to only twice in the 1900s. It is a natural freshwater lake, tectonic in origin, and
has a crescent shape due to repeated landslides. Naini Lake is the third-largest lake in
Uttarakhand by surface area.
18. Cheiraoba Festival is mainly celebrated in which state?
[A] Mizoram
[B] Tripura
[C] Manipur
[D] Assam

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Answer: Manipur
Cheiraoba is considered to be one of the most important festivals of Manipur and it marks
the beginning of the lunar new year for the people of Meitei community of Manipur and
across the globe. The festival is also called as Sajibu Nongma Pānba which means “First
day of Sajibu Month”.
19. Where was the Army Commanders' Conference 2025 held?
[A] Chennai
[B] Chandigarh
[C] New Delhi
[D] Hyderabad
Answer: New Delhi
The Army Commanders' Conference is held in New Delhi from April 1-4, 2025. It is a
platform for senior Indian Army officials to review security and discuss key operational
priorities. The conference aims to make the Army more agile, adaptive, and
technologically enabled while improving decision-making, welfare, and quality of life for
soldiers and their families.
20. The Uttar Pradesh government has announced the establishment of a dolphin safari in which
city?
[A] Varanasi
[B] Prayagraj
[C] Kanpur
[D] Ayodhya
Answer: Varanasi
Uttar Pradesh government has announced a dolphin safari in Varanasi to boost
conservation and eco-tourism. The safari will be set up between Kaithi and Dhakhwa
villages, home to the highest number of dolphins in the region. Dolphin Mitras have been
appointed for Ganges River Dolphin conservation. The goals include increasing dolphin
populations, protecting their habitat, promoting eco-tourism, and educating people on
dolphin conservation.
21. Who clinched the 2025 Tashkent Open Agzamov Memorial Chess title?
[A] Nihal Sarin
[B] Arjun Erigaisi
[C] Praggnanandhaa Rameshbabu
[D] Vidit Gujrathi
Answer: Nihal Sarin
India’s Nihal Sarin won the 2025 Tashkent Open Agzamov Memorial Chess title in
Tashkent, Uzbekistan. The 20-year-old Indian Grandmaster remained unbeaten, scoring 8
out of 10 points. He outperformed a strong field, including eight players rated above 2600
Elo. With this victory, Nihal gained 7.1 Elo rating points. His live rating now stands at 2694,
bringing him close to the prestigious 2700 Elo mark.
22. What is the name of the global circumnavigation expedition undertaken by INSV Tarini?

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[A] Navika Sagar Parikrama II
[B] Ocean Warriors Mission
[C] Samudra Yatra Expedition
[D] None of the Above
Answer: Navika Sagar Parikrama II
The Indian Naval Sailing Vessel Tarini reached Cape Town, South Africa, in its final
international stop of the Navika Sagar Parikrama II global circumnavigation. INSV Tarini is
a 56-foot, indigenously built sailing vessel commissioned in February 2017 by the Indian
Navy. It was built by Aquarius Shipyard Ltd., Goa, under the Make in India initiative. It has
advanced navigation, satellite communication, and emergency steering for extreme
conditions. It was named after the Tara-Tarini hill shrine in Odisha, historically revered by
sailors. The expedition began on October 2, 2024, covering 23,400 nautical miles across
three oceans and three major capes in eight months.
23. What kind of missile system is the "9K33 Osa-AK" that was recently seen in news?
[A] Long-range ballistic missile
[B] Anti-tank guided missile
[C] Short range tactical surface-to-air missile
[D] Air-to-air missile
Answer: Short range tactical surface-to-air missile
The Indian Army’s Air Defence warriors from the White Tiger Division demonstrated their
operational skills in a live missile-firing exercise using the 9K33 Osa-AK missile system. The
9K33 Osa-AK is a Russian-built, highly mobile, low-altitude, short-range tactical surface-to-
air defence missile system. It was developed in the 1960s and fielded by the Soviet Union
in 1972. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) designates it as "SA-8 Gecko." The
missile system has a length of 9.1 meters, a width of 2.78 meters, and weighs up to 18
tonnes. It integrates the transporter-erector-launcher and radar (TELAR) for independent
detection, tracking, and engagement of aerial threats.
24. Where were the rare copper plates of Devaraya I of the Sangama Dynasty recently unveiled?
[A] Bengaluru
[B] Chennai
[C] Hyderabad
[D] Kolkata
Answer: Bengaluru
A rare set of copper plates from the early 15th century, during the reign of Devaraya I of
the Sangama Dynasty, was unveiled in Bengaluru. Falcon Coins Gallery collaborated with
the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to present these historical artifacts. The plates are
inscribed in Sanskrit and Kannada using Nāgarī characters and were issued during the
coronation of Devaraya I. Unlike the traditional Varaha insignia of the Vijayanagara
Empire, the seal on these plates features Vamana. Dated to Saka 1328 (1406 CE), they
confirm the coronation date of Devaraya I. The inscriptions detail the genealogy of the
Sangama Dynasty, tracing lineage from Chandra, Yadu, and Sangama to rulers like

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Harihara, Kampa, Bukka, Mãrapa, and Muddapa.

25. Which state government has declared Mitathal and Tighrana Harappan sites as protected
archaeological sites?
[A] Rajasthan
[B] Gujarat
[C] Haryana
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Haryana
The Haryana Government has declared Mitathal and Tighrana, two Harappan sites in
Bhiwani district, as protected archaeological sites. These sites are now protected under a
10-acre demarcated area at Mitathal, as per a government notification issued on March
13, 2025. Mitathal site dates back to the 3rd–2nd millennium BCE and shows Harappan
town planning with red pottery featuring black painted motifs. Tighrana site contains
post-Harappan and pre-Harappan layers and is linked to the Sothian culture of Chalcolithic
farmers. Mud-brick houses, early fortifications, and bichrome wheel-made pottery were
found, along with green carnelian bangles, indicating a bead and jewelry industry. The
sites show uninterrupted human settlement from Pre-Siswal to Post-Harappan periods,
offering insights into early agriculture, craftsmanship, and community structure.
26. The three-day India-Nepal Literature Cultural Festival 2025 was organized in which city of Uttar
Pradesh?
[A] Mathura
[B] Ayodhya
[C] Varanasi
[D] Gorakhpur
Answer: Mathura
A three-day India-Nepal Literature Festival was organized in Vrindavan, Mathura, Uttar
Pradesh. It was conducted by Geeta Shodh Sansthan, affiliated with Uttar Pradesh Braj
Teerth Vikas Parishad, and Krantidhara Sahitya Academy, Meerut. More than 180
litterateurs, writers, journalists, and educationists from India and Nepal participated. The
festival aimed to promote and enhance the literary and cultural heritage of both
countries. It encouraged the exchange of literature and culture. Cooperation between
Indian and Nepali litterateurs was strengthened. Traditional and contemporary literature
gained new direction and recognition.
27. Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) initiative was introduced by which ministry?
[A] Ministry of Science and Technology
[B] Ministry of Culture
[C] Ministry of Education
[D] Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
Answer: Ministry of Education
The University Grants Commission (UGC) has released draft guidelines to integrate Indian
Knowledge Systems (IKS) into undergraduate (UG) and postgraduate (PG) courses. The

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Ministry of Education (MoE) introduced Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) under the
National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 to blend traditional Indian knowledge with modern
education. The initiative promotes interdisciplinary research, preservation, and
dissemination of IKS for research and societal use. It covers diverse fields like Arts,
Literature, Agriculture, Basic Sciences, Engineering, Architecture, Management, and
Economics.
28. Which state has topped in the Fiscal Health Index (FHI) 2025?
[A] Odisha
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Jharkhand
[D] Kerala
Answer: Odisha
The Fiscal Health Index (FHI) by NITI Aayog assesses the fiscal health of Indian states. It
covers 18 major states that contribute significantly to India's Gross Domestic Product
(GDP), public expenditure, revenue, and fiscal stability. Odisha ranks first in the index,
followed by Chhattisgarh, Goa, Jharkhand, and Gujarat. As states handle two-thirds of
public spending and one-third of total revenue, their fiscal health is crucial for national
economic stability. The index uses data from the Comptroller and Auditor General of India
(CAG) for the financial year 2022-23 to compare and benchmark fiscal performance. It
helps policymakers make informed decisions to improve fiscal sustainability and
resilience. The index evaluates tax buoyancy, which measures how responsive a state's tax
revenue is to its Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) growth. It assesses revenue
generation, including own tax and non-tax receipts.
29. What is the primary objective of the PM-AJAY Scheme?
[A] Development of Smart Cities
[B] Reducing poverty among SC communities
[C] Providing free healthcare to all citizens
[D] Promoting digital literacy
Answer: Reducing poverty among SC communities
Pradhan Mantri Anusuchit Jaati Abhyuday Yojana (PM-AJAY) is a Centrally Sponsored
Scheme implemented since 2021-22. It has three components: ‘Adarsh Gram’, ‘Grants-in-
aid for District/State-level Projects for Socio-Economic betterment of Scheduled Caste (SC)
Communities’, and ‘Hostel’. The scheme aims to improve socio-economic indicators in SC-
dominated villages by ensuring infrastructure and services. It reduces poverty by
generating employment through skill development and income-generating schemes. 25
states submitted Perspective Plans for 2023-26, and Rs. 457.82 Crore was released for
8146 projects, including 987 for skill development in 2023-25. In 2024-25, 4,991 villages
were declared as Adarsh Gram. The Hostel component provides residential facilities in
quality institutions and schools to boost SC literacy and enrolment. A total of 891 hostels
have been sanctioned under PM-AJAY, including 27 in 2024-25. In 2024-25, Rs. 6.64 Crore

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was used for administrative expenses under PM-AJAY.

30. According to recent data, which state has the highest number of solar power installations in
railway stations as of February 2025?
[A] Odisha
[B] Gujarat
[C] Bihar
[D] Rajasthan
Answer: Rajasthan
Rajasthan has the highest number of railway stations with installed solar power plants,
totaling 275 stations. This information was provided by Union Minister of Railways,
Ashwini Vaishnaw, in the Lok Sabha on 2nd April 2025. During the financial year 2024-25,
India added 25 gigawatts (GW) of renewable energy, including 6 GW of solar energy. As of
31st March 2025, the total installed solar power capacity in the country has reached 21
GW. Indian Railways aims to achieve 100% electrification by 2025-26 and become a net-
zero carbon emitter by 2030. Indian Railways aims to install 20 GW of solar power capacity
on its vacant land by 2030.
31. Balpakram National Park is located in which state?
[A] Meghalaya
[B] Assam
[C] Tripura
[D] Mizoram
Answer: Meghalaya
A rare Binturong was captured on a camera trap by the Wildlife Trust of India’s Garo
Green Spine project team in Narang Wari Village Reserve Forest, Meghalaya. The forest is
in the buffer zone of Balpakram National Park. The Binturong, also known as the bearcat,
is the largest civet in India. It is an omnivorous mammal found in dense forests of
Southeast Asia. Its range extends from Nepal, India, and Bhutan to Sumatra, Java, and
Borneo. Balpakram National Park, located in Meghalaya, is known for its rich biodiversity
and scenic landscapes. It is situated in the West Garo Hills district, about 134 km from
Shillong. The park is called the "Land of Perpetual Winds" due to strong winds across the
plateau.
32. The newly discovered damselfly species, Euphaea wayanadensis, was recently found in which
state?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Kerala
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Kerala
A new species of damselfly, Euphaea wayanadensis, was discovered in the Wayanad
region of Kerala, adding to Kerala’s 191st and the Western Ghats’ 223rd recorded odonate
species. The discovery was published in the peer-reviewed journal ENTOMON. Euphaea

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wayanadensis belongs to the family Euphaeidae. It was first observed in 2013 at the
Kalindi River in Thirunelli, Wayanad. Further sightings were made from 2013 to 2019 in
Wayanad, and between 2019 and 2023 in Aralam (Kannur) and Coorg (Karnataka). Initially
misidentified as Euphaea pseudodispar from Maharashtra, it was later confirmed as a new
species through morphological and genetic analysis.
33. International Mine Awareness Day is observed annually on which day?
[A] April 3
[B] April 4
[C] April 5
[D] April 6
Answer: April 4
International Mine Awareness Day is observed every year on April 4 to raise awareness
about the dangers of landmines and promote demining efforts. The 2025 theme, “Safe
Futures Start Here,” highlights the impact of landmines, especially in war-affected regions.
Landmines, including Anti-Personnel Mines (APM), Anti-Vehicle Mines (AVM), and
Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs), continue to cause civilian casualties long after
conflicts end. First observed in 2006, the day emphasizes global efforts in mine clearance,
victim support, and the use of new technologies to create a landmine-free world.
34. Katchatheevu, an uninhabited island, is a disputed territory between India and which country?
[A] Bangladesh
[B] Myanmar
[C] Sri Lanka
[D] Maldives
Answer: Sri Lanka
The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly has unanimously passed a resolution urging the
Union government to retrieve Katchatheevu from Sri Lanka. Katchatheevu is a 285-acre
uninhabited island located in the Palk Strait between India and Sri Lanka. It is 33 km
northeast of Rameswaram (India) and 62 km southwest of Jaffna (Sri Lanka). The island
serves as a maritime boundary marker between the two nations and is rich in fisheries,
crucial for Tamil Nadu’s fishing economy.
35. Which state/UT has launched the Zero-Ticket Travel Scheme, offering free bus travel for
women?
[A] Jammu and Kashmir
[B] Bihar
[C] Assam
[D] Lakshadweep
Answer: Jammu and Kashmir
The Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir launched the Zero-Ticket Travel Initiative at the
Sher-i-Kashmir International Convention Centre (SKICC). This initiative allows women to
travel free of cost on Smart City electric buses and Jammu and Kashmir Road Transport
Corporation (JKRTC) buses across the Union Territory. It also includes free travel for
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schoolgirls, ensuring safer and easier commutes for young students. The move is part of a
larger set of pro-women and pro-poor policies focused on improving social and economic
empowerment. The initiative promotes gender-inclusive mobility and supports access to
education and opportunities.
36. The Sagaing Fault is a major active tectonic boundary located in which country?
[A] India
[B] Bhutan
[C] Nepal
[D] Myanmar
Answer: Myanmar
The recent Myanmar earthquake occurred due to strike-slip faulting along the Sagaing
Fault, which separates the Indian Plate from the Eurasian Plate. The Sagaing Fault is a
major active tectonic boundary running north to south through Myanmar, separating the
Indian and Eurasian Plates. It is one of the longest and most active strike-slip faults
globally, extending 1,500 km from the Andaman Sea in the south to the Eastern Himalayas
in the north. The Indian Plate is moving northward, causing stress buildup along the fault,
leading to large earthquakes over time.
37. North Sentinel Island, that was recently seen in news, is located in which water body?
[A] Black Sea
[B] Arabian Sea
[C] Red Sea
[D] Bay of Bengal
Answer: Bay of Bengal
A United States (U.S.) national was arrested in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands for
allegedly entering the prohibited tribal reserve area of North Sentinel Island. North
Sentinel Island is part of the Andaman Islands, an Indian Union Territory in the Bay of
Bengal. It is located west of the central Andaman Islands and covers about 60 square
kilometers. The island is densely forested, surrounded by a shallow reef, and home to the
Sentinelese tribe. The Sentinelese are believed to be direct descendants of the first
humans who migrated from Africa around 60,000 years ago. They have lived in isolation
for thousands of years, resisting contact with the outside world. The island is protected
under the Andaman and Nicobar Protection of Aboriginal Tribes Act, 1956, prohibiting
anyone from approaching within 5 nautical miles.
38. Heard and McDonald Islands, which were seen in the news, is located in which ocean?
[A] Pacific Ocean
[B] Atlantic Ocean
[C] Arctic Ocean
[D] Indian Ocean
Answer: Indian Ocean
The United States President imposed a 10% tariff on imports from Heard and McDonald
Islands, even though these islands have no known exports to the US. Heard and McDonald
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Islands are remote volcanic islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about 4,100 km from
Perth, Australia, and 1,600 km from Antarctica. They are one of Australia’s seven external
territories and are directly governed by the Australian government. Heard Island has Big
Ben volcano with Mawson Peak, the highest mountain in Australia outside mainland and
Tasmania. McDonald Island is smaller but has doubled in size due to volcanic eruptions in
the 1990s and 2000s. These are the only volcanically active sub-Antarctic islands and are
used to study earth’s crust, climate change, and glaciers. They are part of a United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site since 1997
39. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established by which international agreement?
[A] Geneva Convention
[B] Rome Statute
[C] Hague Protocol
[D] Vienna Treaty
Answer: Rome Statute
On 3rd April 2025, Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban announced that Hungary is
withdrawing from the International Criminal Court (ICC), becoming the first European
country to do so. The International Criminal Court was established in 2002 to prosecute
individuals responsible for serious global crimes. It is the only permanent international
criminal tribunal. The ICC was created by the Rome Statute, an international agreement
adopted on 17 July 1998. The Rome Statute defines the Court’s powers, structure, and
responsibilities and came into force on 1 July 2002. The ICC investigates and prosecutes
genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression.
40. Kannadippaya, a traditional tribal handicraft, from which Indian state was recently awarded
the Geographical Indication (GI) tag?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Karnataka
[C] Kerala
[D] Maharashtra
Answer: Kerala
Kannadippaya, a traditional tribal handicraft from Kerala, has received the Geographical
Indication (GI) tag, which protects its unique identity and origin. The name
“Kannadippaya” means ‘mirror mat’ due to its shiny, reflective design. It is made from the
soft inner layers of reed bamboo, giving it excellent thermal qualities—warm in winter and
cool in summer. This craft is mainly done by tribal communities like the Oorali, Mannan,
Muthuva, Malayan, Kadar, Ulladan, Malayarayan, and Hill Pulaya in Idukki, Thrissur,
Ernakulam, and Palakkad districts.
41. Asola Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary lies on which mountain range?
[A] Aravalli
[B] Satpura
[C] Vindhya
[D] Western Ghats
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Answer: Aravalli
Delhi’s forest and wildlife department will install 45 motion-based camera traps in Asola
Bhatti Wildlife Sanctuary to monitor and collect data on wildlife. Asola Bhatti Wildlife
Sanctuary is in the South Delhi Ridge of the Aravalli hill range, on the Delhi-Haryana
border. It forms part of the Southern Ridge and connects with the Indo-Gangetic Plain,
making it rich in biodiversity. The sanctuary is a key segment of the North Aravalli Leopard
Wildlife Corridor, which begins at Sariska National Park in Rajasthan, passes through
Haryana districts, and reaches the Delhi Ridge.
42. The Prime Minister of which country recently gifted a copy of the Tipitaka in Pali to the Indian
Prime Minister Narendra Modi?
[A] Indonesia
[B] Japan
[C] Thailand
[D] Vietnam
Answer: Thailand
The Prime Minister of Thailand gifted a copy of the Tipitaka in Pali language to the Indian
Prime Minister during his ongoing visit. Tipitaka, meaning "three baskets," is a collection
of Buddhist scriptures written in the Pali language and is the core of Theravada Buddhism.
The Vinaya Pitaka contains rules and guidelines for monks and nuns in the monastic
community, called the sangha. The Sutta Pitaka includes the sermons and teachings of
Gautama Buddha. The Abhidhamma Pitaka explains deep philosophical ideas about the
nature of reality. Theravada Buddhism is the oldest surviving Buddhist tradition followed
by those called theravadins, meaning followers of the old teachers or theras.
43. Dhansiri river, that was recently seen in news, is tributary of which river?
[A] Ganga
[B] Brahmaputra
[C] Godavari
[D] Narmada
Answer: Brahmaputra
Environmentalists have raised concerns with the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)
about hazardous effluents from Numaligarh Refinery Limited (NRL) being discharged into
the Dhansiri River, posing a threat to the local ecosystem. The Dhansiri River is the main
river of Golaghat district in Assam and Dimapur district in Nagaland and is a key tributary
of the Brahmaputra River. It originates from Laisang Peak in Nagaland and flows about
352 km through varying directions before merging with the Brahmaputra at
Dhansirimukh in Assam. The river’s catchment area is around 1,220 square kilometers. It
flows along the Nagaland-Assam border, passing through ecologically rich zones like
Dhansiri Reserved Forest and Intanki National Park.
44. What is the name of the mobile-based application used to track Anganwadi Centres across
India?
[A] NUTRI App
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[B] POSHAN Tracker
[C] Mid Day Meal
[D] Nutrition Watch
Answer: POSHAN Tracker
The Union Ministry of Women and Child Development (MoWCD) announced that all
Anganwadi Centres in India are now registered on the POSHAN Tracker mobile
application. POSHAN Tracker is a mobile-based tool that tracks real-time attendance,
growth, and nutrition services at Anganwadi Centres and replaces manual records with
auto-generated monthly reports. It supports 24 languages and improves transparency,
efficiency, and accountability in delivering nutrition services. The app is part of Mission
Saksham Anganwadi and POSHAN 2.0 (Prime Minister’s Overarching Scheme for Holistic
Nutrition), which merges Anganwadi services, POSHAN Abhiyaan, and the Scheme for
Adolescent Girls (14–18 years) to fight malnutrition.
45. What is the primary objective of the “Hamari Parampara Hamari Virasat” initiative?
[A] Promote modern technology in tribal areas
[B] Preserve tribal cultural heritage and self-governance traditions
[C] Encourage urban migration
[D] None of the Above
Answer: Preserve tribal cultural heritage and self-governance traditions
The Ministry of Panchayati Raj and the Department of Panchayati Raj, Government of
Jharkhand, are organizing a national event under “Hamari Parampara Hamari Virasat” on
4th April 2025 in New Delhi. It celebrates the 150th Birth Anniversary of Bhagwan Birsa
Munda, honoring tribal heritage nationwide. More than 560 tribal representatives from
Jharkhand will share views on grassroots governance, cultural legacy, and traditional
knowledge. Cultural programs like Santhali dance and Munda storytelling will be featured.
The initiative launched on 26th January 2025, aims to preserve tribal traditions across
20,300 villages, aligned with the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996
(PESA Act).
46. What is India’s rank in the 2025 UNCTAD 'Readiness for Frontier Technologies' index?
[A] 25th
[B] 27th
[C] 36th
[D] 37th
Answer: 36th
India ranked 36th out of 170 countries in the 2025 Technology and Innovation Report by
the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), improving from
48th in 2022. The Readiness for Frontier Technologies Index includes Information and
Communication Technology (ICT), skills, Research and Development (R&D), industrial
capacity, and finance access. The report shows countries like India, Brazil, China, and the
Philippines are doing well despite lower incomes, and must adapt fast to tech changes.
47. Karaganda Region, which was seen in the news due to discovery of Rare Earth Elements (REEs),
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is located in which country?
[A] Ukraine
[B] Kazakhstan
[C] Uzbekistan
[D] Iran
Answer: Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan has found a major deposit of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) at the Kuirektykol site
in the Karaganda Region, estimated to hold 1 million tons, which can support clean energy
technologies globally. The Karaganda Region, in central Kazakhstan, is known for arid
plains, hills, and seasonal streams, with major landscapes like Karkaraly National Park,
Mount Aksoran, and Lake Balkhash. Important rivers in the region include the Ishim (Esil)
and Nura, supported by the Irtysh–Karaganda Canal. Once known for coal mining and
Gulag camps during Soviet times, it remains an industrial and mineral-rich hub. Rare Earth
Elements (REEs) are 17 similar elements used in electric vehicles, wind turbines,
smartphones, lasers, and defence technologies.
48. World Health Day is observed on which day every year?
[A] April 4
[B] April 5
[C] April 6
[D] April 7
Answer: April 7
World Health Day is observed every year on April 7th to promote global health awareness
and mark the founding of the World Health Organization (WHO), a specialized agency of
the United Nations (UN), established in 1950. The theme for World Health Day 2025 is
"Healthy Beginnings, Hopeful Futures", focusing on improving health from the start of life.
The campaign urges governments and health organizations to invest in effective
programs that support maternal and newborn health. The goal is to reduce preventable
deaths and ensure the long-term well-being of both mothers and infants worldwide.
49. Which Indian astronaut has been selected for the Axiom-4 mission to the International Space
Station (ISS)?
[A] Ajit Krishnan
[B] Shubhanshu Shukla
[C] Angad Pratap
[D] Balakrishnan Nair
Answer: Shubhanshu Shukla
Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla, an Indian astronaut, will pilot the Axiom Mission 4
(Ax-4) to the International Space Station (ISS), marking a milestone for India in global
space missions. Axiom Space, a private company in Houston, is organizing Ax-4 in
collaboration with Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), European Space Agency
(ESA), Poland, and Hungary. The mission crew includes Peggy Whitson (commander),
Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski from Poland, and Tibor Kapu from Hungary. The team will

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stay for 14 days aboard the ISS and carry out around 60 scientific experiments,
highlighting international cooperation in space exploration.
50. The Koch- Rajbongshi community is primarily found in which region of India?
[A] Chotanagpur plateau
[B] Western Ghats
[C] Southern
[D] Northeastern
Answer: Northeastern
Assam government will withdraw Foreigner Tribunal cases filed against the indigenous
Koch-Rajbongshi community. The Koch-Rajbongshi community is primarily found in the
northeastern region of India, particularly in the states of Assam and West Bengal, with
significant populations also residing in parts of Meghalaya. The Koch-Rajbongshi
community is primarily found in the northeastern region of India, particularly in the states
of Assam and West Bengal, with significant populations also residing in parts of
Meghalaya.
51. Which organization designed and developed the Hansa-3 trainer aircraft?
[A] Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
[B] Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
[C] CSIR–National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore
[D] Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
Answer: CSIR–National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore
The indigenously developed Hansa-3 trainer aircraft has been approved for training
aircrew to get pilot licences. It will now be manufactured in India by private industry.
Hansa-3 is India’s first indigenous flying trainer aircraft. It was designed and developed by
the CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-
NAL), Bangalore. It was built to meet the needs of Indian flying clubs. It is ideal for
Commercial Pilot Licensing (CPL) because of its low cost, simple operation, and low fuel
consumption.
52. Ionian Islands, that were recently seen in the news, is located in which country?
[A] Indonesia
[B] New Zealand
[C] Australia
[D] Greece
Answer: Greece
A major archaeological discovery in Lefkada, Greece, revealed the first ancient Greek
theater ever found in the Ionian Islands. The Ionian Islands are located off the western
coast of Greece in the eastern Ionian Sea, covering 2,306.94 square kilometers. They are
also known as “Heptanese,” meaning “Seven Islands,” which include Corfu (Kerkyra), Paxi,
Lefkada, Ithaki, Kefalonia, Zakynthos, and Kythira. Kefalonia is the largest, with Mount
Ainos as the highest point at 1,628 meters. Historically, they were ruled by Venice, later by
Russian and Turkish forces, and finally ceded to Greece by Britain in 1864.
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53. The rare Pale-chinned Flycatcher (scientific name Cyornis poliogenys) was recently spotted in
which northeastern state?
[A] Arunachal Pradesh
[B] Mizoram
[C] Tripura
[D] Nagaland
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh
The rare Pale-chinned Flycatcher (scientific name Cyornis poliogenys) was recently spotted
in the Nong Loung forest area of Namsai district, Arunachal Pradesh. It is a small,
sparrow-sized insect-eating songbird from the Muscicapidae family, known for its shy
nature and love for shady forest interiors. This bird is found in parts of India like the
Eastern Ghats, Northeast states, Eastern Himalayas, and West Bengal, as well as in
Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Southeast Asia. It prefers dense, moist evergreen or
semi-evergreen forests with thick undergrowth. Its conservation status is listed as Least
Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
54. Where was the 150th Assembly of Inter-Parliamentary Union held in April 2025?
[A] Tashkent, Uzbekistan
[B] Geneva, Switzerland
[C] Paris, France
[D] New Delhi, India
Answer: Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla leads an Indian Parliamentary Delegation to the 150th
Assembly of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, from April
5 to 9, 2025. The theme is “Parliamentary action for social development and justice,”
focusing on poverty removal, decent work, social inclusion, and involvement of
marginalized groups. The Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) is a global body of national
parliaments, founded in 1889, with 181 Members and 15 Associate Members. It works for
peace, democracy, human rights, and sustainable development through parliamentary
dialogue and is headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.
55. Which two organizations jointly developed the Medium-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (MRSAM)
Army weapon system?
[A] DRDO and NASA
[B] DRDO and Israel Aerospace Industries
[C] ISRO and Lockheed Martin
[D] None of the Above
Answer: DRDO and Israel Aerospace Industries
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Army
successfully conducted four flight-tests of the Army version of Medium-Range Surface-to-
Air Missile (MRSAM) on April 3 and 4, 2025 from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Island, Odisha. The
tests involved intercepting high-speed aerial targets at long-range, short-range, high
altitude, and low altitude, achieving direct hits and proving operational capability. The

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weapon system was tested in real conditions, and its performance was verified using
radars and electro-optical tracking systems from the Integrated Test Range, Chandipur.
The trials were conducted under DRDO’s guidance by the Indian Army's Eastern and
Southern Commands. MRSAM is jointly developed by DRDO and Israel Aerospace
Industries and includes multi-function radar, command post, mobile launcher, and other
vehicles. These trials pave the way for weapon system deployment in two Army
Regiments.
56. The Dwarkadhish Temple is located in which state?
[A] Odisha
[B] Gujarat
[C] Rajasthan
[D] Bihar
Answer: Gujarat
Around 300 Pakistani citizens of Indian origin from Sindh visited the Dwarkadhish Temple
in Devbhumi Dwarka, Gujarat, and offered prayers. The Dwarkadhish Temple, also called
Jagat Mandir, is dedicated to Lord Krishna, known as Dwarkadhish or 'King of Dwarka'. It is
part of the Char Dham pilgrimage circuit, along with Badrinath, Rameshwaram, and Puri.
Archaeological evidence suggests the original temple dates back to 200 BCE and was built
by Vajranabha, Krishna’s great-grandson, over Krishna’s residence. The current temple
was expanded in the 16th century with five stories and 72 limestone and sand pillars. It
reflects 16th-century Chalukya architecture with carved mythical legends. It follows
Pushtimarg tradition, based on teachings of 15th-century saint Vallabhacharya.
57. A rare long-snouted vine snake (Ahaetulla longirostris) has been rediscovered in which tiger
reserve?
[A] Dudhwa Tiger Reserve
[B] Bandipur Tiger Reserve
[C] Kanha Tiger Reserve
[D] Corbett Tiger Reserve
Answer: Dudhwa Tiger Reserve
A rare long-snouted vine snake called Ahaetulla longirostris was recently rediscovered
during a rhino release at Dudhwa Tiger Reserve in Uttar Pradesh. This is the first sighting
in Uttar Pradesh and only the second in India, with the first being in Valmiki Tiger Reserve,
Bihar. The snake’s usual habitat is in Southeast Asia, and it was also spotted earlier in
parts of Odisha. It belongs to the Colubridae family, mostly made up of non-venomous
snakes, and has a long green or brown slender body for camouflage. Dudhwa Tiger
Reserve lies on the Indo-Nepal border in Lakhimpur Kheri district, Uttar Pradesh, and
includes Dudhwa National Park, Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary, Katarniaghat Wildlife
Sanctuary, and nearby forest areas.
58. Madhavpur Ghed fair is organized in which state every year?
[A] Rajasthan
[B] Madhya Pradesh
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[C] Gujarat
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Gujarat
The five-day Madhavpur Ghed fair organized in Madhavpur, Porbandar district, Gujarat,
celebrating the divine union of Dwarikadhish Shri Krishna and Rukshmani ji. It promotes
cultural unity between Western and Northeastern India under the vision of Ek Bharat
Shreshtha Bharat (One India, Great India) launched by the Prime Minister. More than 1600
artists from Northeast states and Gujarat presents cultural performances.
59. River Blindness, that was recently seen in news, is a neglected tropical disease caused by which
agent?
[A] Bacteria
[B] Parasite
[C] Virus
[D] Fungus
Answer: Parasite
A new study by the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) has used Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
barcoding to correctly identify blackfly species that spread river blindness. River blindness,
also called Onchocerciasis, is caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus and
spreads through the bite of infected blackflies of the genus Simulium. These blackflies
breed near fast-flowing rivers and streams and mainly affect people in rural and remote
areas. The disease causes severe skin itching, skin damage, and in serious cases,
permanent blindness. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies river blindness as a
major Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD), especially in sub-Saharan Africa, Yemen, and
Latin America.
60. Semaglutide, which was seen in news, is a medication primarily used to treat which disease?
[A] Diabetes
[B] Chicken pox
[C] Tuberculosis
[D] Rubella
Answer: Diabetes
A recent international multicentre clinical study found that Semaglutide, a medicine for
type 2 diabetes and obesity, can lower the risk of major heart-related events by 14%.
Semaglutide is a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist (GLP-1 RA) that acts like a
natural hormone to control blood sugar and appetite. It helps treat Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus (T2DM) by boosting insulin and lowering blood sugar levels. It also supports
weight loss when combined with proper diet and exercise. Semaglutide is available as
injections and oral tablets.
61. Which institution has notified the "Recognition and Grant of Equivalence to Qualifications
Obtained from Foreign Educational Institutions Regulations, 2025"?
[A] NITI Aayog
[B] University Grants Commission (UGC)

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[C] All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
[D] Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE)
Answer: University Grants Commission (UGC)
The University Grants Commission (UGC) has released new rules called Recognition and
Grant of Equivalence to Qualifications Obtained from Foreign Educational Institutions
Regulations, 2025. These rules aim to create a clear and standard method to recognize
foreign degrees in India, making the process more transparent. The move supports the
National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which promotes globalisation of Indian higher
education and smooth integration of international and returning Indian students. An
Equivalence Certificate confirms that a foreign degree or diploma matches an Indian
qualification. Now, UGC will issue these certificates instead of the Association of Indian
Universities (AIU).
62. Which state has secured Geographical Indication (GI) tag for products, Nolen Gurer Sandesh'
and Baruipur guavas?
[A] Mizoram
[B] Assam
[C] West Bengal
[D] Nagaland
Answer: West Bengal
West Bengal has received Geographical Indication (GI) tags for seven traditional products,
including the famous Nolen Gurer Sandesh and Baruipur guavas. The GI tag gives legal
recognition to products linked to a specific place, helping preserve cultural identity and
promote exports. Nolen Gurer Sandesh is a seasonal sweet made from chhena (cottage
cheese) and nolen gur (date palm jaggery), known for its caramel flavour and golden
colour. Other GI-tagged items include Kamarpukur's bonde, Murshidabad's Chhanabora,
Bishnupur's motichur laddoo, Radhunipagal rice, and Malda's Nistari silk yarn. This move
boosts local economy, supports artisans, and promotes West Bengal’s rural culture
globally.
63. What is the name of India’s first dedicated nuclear submarine base set to be commissioned in
2026 under Project Varsha?
[A] INS Chakra
[B] INS Varsha
[C] INS Vikrant
[D] INS Godavari
Answer: INS Varsha
India will commission its first dedicated nuclear submarine base, INS Varsha, in Andhra
Pradesh in 2026 under Project Varsha. It is a secret naval infrastructure project by the
Indian Navy, located near Rambilli, 50 km south of Visakhapatnam. The base will boost
India’s maritime power in the Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and counter
China’s growing presence. INS Varsha will have underground submarine pens, tunnels,
and space to dock 12 nuclear submarines safely. Its proximity to Bhabha Atomic Research

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Centre (BARC) Atchutapuram gives it access to advanced nuclear support.

64. Which ministry has launched the Microdata Portal during the State Government Ministers
Conference?
[A] Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
[B] Ministry of Finance
[C] Ministry of Home Affairs
[D] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
Answer: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI) launched a new Microdata
Portal during the State Government Ministers’ Conference to improve data access and
user experience. The portal, built with help from the World Bank Technology Team, uses a
modern and secure technology stack. It stores national survey and economic census data
and removes old technical issues. National Statistical System Training Academy (NSSTA)
website was also launched to help with training information. MOSPI also showed a Proof
of Concept (PoC) for an Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) based tool to
simplify National Industrial Classification (NIC) code search using natural language
queries. These steps highlight MOSPI’s efforts to use technology for better data, planning,
and achieving the vision of Viksit Bharat (Developed India).
65. Bastar Pandum festival is celebrated in which state?
[A] Madhya Pradesh
[B] Chhattisgarh
[C] Odisha
[D] Jharkhand
Answer: Chhattisgarh
Union Home Minister spoke at Bastar Pandum festival in Dantewada, Chhattisgarh, to
celebrate tribal culture and progress. Bastar Pandum is a three-day festival that revives
and showcases the tribal traditions, customs, arts, and food of the Bastar region,
Chhattisgarh. Events included competitions in tribal dance, folk songs, dramas, musical
instruments, traditional costumes, jewelry, crafts, and cuisine. The festival aims to bring
tribal culture to national and international attention. The minister also highlighted
government efforts to end Naxalism and promote complete development in tribal areas,
ensuring peace, culture, and growth go hand-in-hand.
66. Which state government has launched the Maternal and Child Sanjeevan Mission and ANMOL
2.0 portal on World Health Day?
[A] Bihar
[B] Haryana
[C] Rajasthan
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh Mohan Yadav launched the Maternal and Child
Sanjeevan Mission and ANMOL 2.0 (Auxiliary Nurse Midwife Online 2.0) web portal on

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World Health Day in Bhopal. The mission aims to make Madhya Pradesh a leader in the
healthcare sector through government and societal cooperation. New medical colleges
are being established and Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is promoted to improve
hospital management. Medical tourism is being encouraged with subsidies up to 40% for
new hospitals in major cities like Indore and Ujjain. ANMOL 2.0 enables real-time tracking
of maternal and child health, with 20,000 Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) trained; ASHA
and Anganwadi workers will be mapped next.
67. According to the recent report, what is India's global rank in electricity production from wind
and solar energy as of 2024?
[A] First
[B] Second
[C] Third
[D] Fourth
Answer: Third
India became the third-largest producer of electricity from wind and solar energy in 2024,
overtaking Germany, as per Ember's Global Electricity Review. Wind and solar generated
10% of India’s electricity in 2024, and 15% globally. Clean energy sources like renewables
and nuclear power made up 40.9% of global electricity – the highest since the 1940s. India
added 24 gigawatts (GW) of solar in 2024, becoming the third-largest market after China
and the US. Solar power contributed 7% of India’s electricity, doubling since 2021. India
aims for 50% of installed power capacity from non-fossil sources by 2030 under its
Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to the United Nations Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC). India also targets 500 GW of non-fossil fuel capacity by
2030, but needs 20% more annual funding to meet it, according to Ember.
68. Which ministry has launched India’s first Digital Threat Report 2024 in April 2025?
[A] Ministry of Finance
[B] Ministry of Defence
[C] Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
[D] Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
India launched its first Digital Threat Report 2024 to boost cybersecurity in the Banking,
Financial Services, and Insurance (BFSI) sector under the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav
initiative. The report was released by the Ministry of Electronics and Information
Technology (MeitY) and developed by Computer Emergency Response Team – India (CERT-
In), Cyber Security Incident Response Team – Financial Sector (CSIRT-Fin), and global
cybersecurity firm SISA. It identifies key sector-wide security gaps, emerging cyber risks,
and adversarial tactics threatening India's financial systems.
69. Which is the nodal ministry for implementing the Poshan Pakhwada initiative?
[A] Ministry of Women and Child Development
[B] Ministry of Social Justice
[C] Ministry of Finance
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[D] Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Women and Child Development
The Ministry of Women and Child Development is celebrating the 7th edition of Poshan
Pakhwada from April 8th to 22nd, 2025. It aims to raise awareness about nutrition and
promote healthy eating habits through public participation and involvement. The themes
include focusing on the first 1000 days of life, promoting the Beneficiary/Citizen Module of
Poshan Tracker, managing malnutrition through Community-Based Management of Acute
Malnutrition (CMAM), and addressing obesity in children.
70. Which state has reported the discovery of 2,000-year-old Megalithic relics in April 2025?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Kerala
[C] Tamil Nadu
[D] Odisha
Answer: Kerala
Ancient relics around 2,000 years old from the Megalithic Period were discovered in
Manimoola village, Bandadukka, Kerala. A Megalith is a large stone used in building
prehistoric monuments, either by itself or with other stones. These structures were made
for burial purposes, called sepulchral, and for commemorative rituals, called non-
sepulchral. Most Megaliths in India belong to the Iron Age, which lasted from 1500 BCE to
500 BCE. Some megalithic sites in India are even older and go back to 2000 BCE, showing
a long history of early human settlements.
71. Mount Kanlaon, that was recently seen in news, is located in which country?
[A] Indonesia
[B] Japan
[C] Vietnam
[D] Philippines
Answer: Philippines
Mount Kanlaon, a stratovolcano in north-central Negros Island, Philippines, recently
erupted, sending a 4,000-metre ash plume into the sky. It is the highest mountain on
Negros and the 42nd tallest island peak in the world. It is part of the Pacific Ring of Fire
and one of the most active volcanoes in the Philippines. The volcano has multiple
pyroclastic cones and craters, including a northern caldera with a crater lake and a
smaller, active southern crater. Its base covers 30 km by 14 km, made of lava flows, lahar,
airfall tephra, and pyroclastic deposits. It supports rich biodiversity and serves as a water
source for major rivers on Negros Island. Since 1866, eruptions have mostly been small
phreatic explosions with light ashfall nearby.
72. The Small Hive Beetle (SHB), a non-native or alien species, was recorded for the first time in
which Indian state?
[A] West Bengal
[B] Telangana
[C] Odisha

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[D] Goa
Answer: West Bengal
The Small Hive Beetle (SHB), a non-native or alien species, was recorded for the first time
in India in West Bengal. SHB, or Aethina tumida, is originally native to Sub-Saharan Africa
and usually causes minimal damage there. However, outside Africa, SHB can be very
harmful to bee colonies and honey production. It is an oval-shaped, reddish-brown beetle,
around 5–7 millimetres long, and goes through four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and
adult. Female beetles enter beehives through small openings to lay eggs, and the larvae
feed on pollen, honey, and bee eggs while spoiling honey with waste.
73. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) was launched in which year?
[A] 2015
[B] 2017
[C] 2019
[D] 2020
Answer: 2015
Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) marked its 10th anniversary in April 2025,
celebrating its role in promoting small businesses and financial inclusion. PMMY, launched
in 2015 by the Government of India, aims to provide affordable credit to micro and small
enterprises. It helps integrate underserved entrepreneurs into the formal financial system
through easy access to credit. Loans up to ₹10 lakh are given for non-farm income-
generating activities like manufacturing, trading, services, and processing. Loan
categories include Shishu (up to ₹50,000), Kishore (₹50,000–₹5 lakh), and Tarun (₹5–10
lakh) based on business stage. No direct subsidy is given, but loans under government-
linked schemes with capital support can benefit from PMMY.
74. A new species of land snail named Theobaldius konkanensis was discovered in which state
recently?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Kerala
[C] Karnataka
[D] Odisha
Answer: Maharashtra
A new species of land snail named Theobaldius konkanensis was discovered in
Maharashtra’s Konkan region by researchers from India and the United Kingdom (UK).
The findings were published in the journal Molluscan Research, under the study titled “A
new species of cyclophorid land snail from the coastal regions of Maharashtra.” The
species is endemic to the northern Western Ghats, a rich but understudied biodiversity
hotspot. It lives in tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen forests, staying active from June
to September under leaf litter and damp branches. Researchers urge conservation due to
its limited habitat range.
75. The first tri-service all-women global circumnavigation expedition “Samudra Pradakshina” was
flagged off from which city?
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[A] Visakhapatnam
[B] Chennai
[C] Mumbai
[D] Kochi
Answer: Mumbai
The first tri-service all-women global circumnavigation expedition “Samudra Pradakshina”
was flagged off from Mumbai on 7 April 2025 on board the IASV (Indian Army Sailing
Vessel) Triveni. It was flagged off by Lieutenant General AK Ramesh, Commandant,
College of Military Engineering, at the Indian Naval Watermanship Training Centre,
Colaba, Mumbai. The team will sail to Seychelles and return to Mumbai, covering 4,000
nautical miles in 55 days. The expedition is a part of the armed forces' initiative to
promote women’s empowerment, also called Nari Shakti. Last year, the Indian Navy
launched its second all-women Navika Sagar Parikrama on board INSV (Indian Naval
Sailing Vessel) Tarini.
76. President Draupadi Murmu was awarded City Key of Honor in which European city?
[A] Rome, Italy
[B] Lisbon, Portugal
[C] Vienna, Austria
[D] Madrid, Spain
Answer: Lisbon, Portugal
President Droupadi Murmu was honoured with the “Key of Honour” and made an
honorary citizen of Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, on 7 April 2025. The award was
presented by Carlos Moedas, Mayor of Lisbon, at the historic Câmara Municipal de Lisboa.
This honour marks deepening ties between India and Portugal and acknowledges her role
in promoting global friendship. President Murmu is on a two-nation official visit to
Portugal and Slovakia from 7 to 10 April 2025.
77. Which state government has announced 20% reservation for Agniveers in state police
recruitment?
[A] Bihar
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Haryana
[D] Jharkhand
Answer: Haryana
Haryana Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini announced major welfare steps for Agniveers
under the Agnipath Scheme, focusing on their future after service. Haryana became the
first state to provide a 20% reservation for Agniveers in police jobs, increasing the earlier
quota by 10%. This reservation ensures stable employment options for Agniveers after
completing their four-year service. The state will also support Agniveers with affordable
loans for starting self-employment ventures. Additional benefits include priority in
obtaining gun licenses, helping those interested in private security jobs. These initiatives
aim to honour and secure the future of Agniveers who serve the nation.

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78. The Registrar General of India functions under which ministry?
[A] Ministry of Law and Justice
[B] Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
[C] Ministry of Defence
[D] Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Home Affairs
The Registrar General of India (RGI) has warned government and private hospitals for not
reporting births and deaths on time, which is legally required. The Registrar General of
India (RGI) is a permanent body under the Ministry of Home Affairs, created in 1949 by the
Government of India. It is headed by the Registrar General and Ex-Officio Census
Commissioner, usually a Joint Secretary-rank officer. The RGI manages the Registration of
Births and Deaths Act, 1969, to ensure accurate civil registration. It also conducts the
Census of India, providing data on population size, growth, and characteristics. Along with
the Census, the RGI handles demographic and language surveys across the country.
79. According to Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI), which state has the highest number of Front
Runner Gram Panchayats?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Telangana
[C] Gujarat
[D] West Bengal
Answer: Gujarat
The Ministry of Panchayati Raj launched the Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) to
measure the development of over 2.5 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs) in line with Localized
Sustainable Development Goals (LSDGs). Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) assesses
progress across nine themes like poverty-free, healthy, child-friendly, water-sufficient,
clean and green, women-friendly, and well-governed Panchayats. Gujarat leads with 346
Front Runner Gram Panchayats, followed by Telangana with 270. Panchayat Advancement
Index (PAI) 2022–23 shows 699 GPs as Front Runners, 77,298 as Performers, 1,32,392 as
Aspirants, and 5,896 at Beginner level. The Panchayat Advancement Index (PAI) uses 435
indicators aligned with the National Indicator Framework (NIF) by the Ministry of Statistics
and Programme Implementation (MoSPI).
80. The "India Skills Accelerator initiative" was recently launched by the Ministry of Skill
Development and which organization?
[A] World Bank
[B] International Monetary Fund
[C] United Nations Development Programme
[D] World Economic Forum
Answer: World Economic Forum
The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) has joined hands with the
World Economic Forum (WEF) to launch the India Skills Accelerator initiative. India Skills
Accelerator is a national public-private platform to boost innovation and solutions across

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different sectors in skill development. It aims to bring change by increasing awareness on

future skill needs, promoting collaboration and knowledge sharing, and reforming
institutions and policies for a more flexible skilling system. The focus is on inclusive
upskilling, investing in lifelong learning, and matching training with high-growth sectors
like Artificial Intelligence (AI), robotics, and clean energy.
81. Which country has recently unveiled the world's first 3D-printed train station?
[A] Japan
[B] Australia
[C] France
[D] India
Answer: Japan
Japan’s West Japan Railway Company has built the world’s first 3D-printed train station in
Arida city, called Hatsushima station, in less than six hours. The project highlights a
breakthrough in fast and sustainable construction using 3D Printing technology. 3D
Printing, also known as Additive Manufacturing, creates 3D objects by adding material
layer by layer from a digital design. It reduces material waste compared to traditional
subtractive methods and allows for more complex structures. This innovation can make
future infrastructure projects faster, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly.
82. Niveshak Didi initiative is jointly launched by India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) and which
institution?
[A] NITI Aayog
[B] Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
[C] Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
[D] Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA)
Answer: Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA)
The Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA) under the Ministry of
Corporate Affairs and India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) under the Department of Posts
signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) to launch Phase 2 of the “Niveshak Didi”
initiative. “Niveshak Didi” trains women postal workers and community leaders as financial
educators to improve financial literacy in rural and underserved areas. In Phase 1, over
55,000 people benefited from IPPB Financial Literacy Camps, with around 60% being
women, mostly young and economically active from deep rural areas. Phase 2 will include
4,000 new camps led by 40,000 trained women promoting responsible investing, savings,
digital banking, and fraud awareness.
83. Which Indian Navy Ship (INS) has participated in a PASSEX (Passing Exercise) with the Royal
New Zealand Navy?
[A] INS Tarkash
[B] INS Surya
[C] INS Kaveri
[D] INS Vikrant
Answer: INS Tarkash

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Indian Navy’s stealth frigate INS Tarkash joined a PASSEX (Passing Exercise) with Royal
New Zealand Navy’s Anzac-class frigate HMNZS Te Kaha in the Gulf of Aden on April 4. It
included cross-deck landings, cross-boarding, Sea Rider exchanges, tactical manoeuvres,
and communication drills. The exercise helped both navies share best practices, improve
cooperation, and boost operational coordination, showing strong defence ties and India’s
commitment to regional maritime security.
84. The Samba Vathal (chilli) from which state has recently received a Geographical Indication (GI)
tag?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Karnataka
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Tamil Nadu
Virudhunagar Samba Vathal (Chilli) from Tamil Nadu has received the Geographical
Indication (GI) tag, applied by the Tamil Nadu State Agricultural Marketing Board and
Virudhunagar Chillies Merchants’ Association. This chilli is grown in Virudhunagar,
Ramanathapuram, Sivaganga, and Thoothukudi districts, known for its moderate heat,
smoky aroma, and vibrant red colour. It is widely used in traditional spice blends, pickles,
and seasonings due to its wrinkled texture, medium size, and unique flavour.
85. Which organization released the "Death Sentences and Executions 2024" report?
[A] United Nations Human Rights Council
[B] Amnesty International
[C] Human Rights Watch
[D] International Criminal Court
Answer: Amnesty International
The Amnesty International recently released the "Death Sentences and Executions 2024"
Report. Amnesty International’s “Death Sentences and Executions 2024” report showed
1,518 recorded executions globally, the highest in nearly 10 years. This marked a 32% rise
from 2023, and the highest total since 2015. Iran, Iraq, and Saudi Arabia were responsible
for 91% of known executions. Iran executed at least 972 people, Saudi Arabia at least 345,
and Iraq saw a jump from 16 to at least 63. China, North Korea, and Vietnam were not
included due to lack of official data. The death penalty was reportedly used to silence
protesters, minorities, and even individuals with mental disabilities.
86. Which country has been appointed to the United Nations ISAR for the period 2025–2027 in
April 2025?
[A] Nepal
[B] Bhutan
[C] Myanmar
[D] India
Answer: India
India has been appointed to the United Nations Intergovernmental Working Group of

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Experts on International Standards of Accounting and Reporting (ISAR) for 2025–2027.

This reflects global trust in India’s growing role in shaping international financial reporting
systems. ISAR functions under the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD). It works to improve global accounting standards and promote transparent
corporate disclosures. India’s selection highlights its efforts in strengthening corporate
governance and financial accountability. ISAR also provides policy advice and technical
support to improve the quality and comparability of financial reporting worldwide.
87. Rudrankksh Balasaheb Patil won which medal in the men’s 10m air rifle shooting event at the
ISSF World Cup 2025?
[A] Gold
[B] Silver
[C] Bronze
[D] None of the Above
Answer: Gold
Former world champion Rudrankksh Balasaheb Patil won gold in the men’s 10-metre air
rifle event at the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) World Cup 2025 in Buenos
Aires. This is his second individual ISSF World Cup gold, the first being in Cairo in 2023.
The ISSF World Cup is organized by the International Shooting Sport Federation.
88. Dire wolves, an extinct species of canid, were primarily found in which region during the
Pleistocene epoch?
[A] North America
[B] Australia
[C] Europe
[D] Africa
Answer: North America
U.S.-based biotech company Colossal Biosciences announced the birth of three genetically
engineered wolf pups, aiming to revive the extinct dire wolf species after 12,500 years.
This marks the first-ever attempt at “de-extinction,” using methods like gene editing (e.g.,
CRISPR-Cas9), ancient DNA sequencing, cloning, and synthetic biology. De-extinction helps
in biodiversity conservation, ecological balance, and climate resilience, and boosts public
interest in conservation science. The dire wolf, scientifically named Aenocyon dirus, once
lived in North American grasslands and forests during the Pleistocene Epoch and went
extinct around 12,500 years ago.
89. Where was the Global Technology Summit (GTS) 2025 held?
[A] New Delhi
[B] Bengaluru
[C] Chennai
[D] Hyderabad
Answer: New Delhi
The 9th Global Technology Summit was inaugurated in New Delhi by External Affairs
Minister Dr. S. Jaishankar on 10 April 2025. It is a three-day event from 10 to 12 April and is

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India’s main platform to discuss geo-technology. The Global Technology Summit brings
together leaders from government, industry, academia, and civil society from India and
other countries. They discuss how technology is changing and how it affects global
politics. The summit aims to build a shared approach that supports innovation while
addressing everyone's concerns. The theme of this edition is “Sambhavna,” which means
possibility.
90. Rafale-M (Marine) Fighter Jets have been acquired from which country?
[A] Russia
[B] China
[C] Japan
[D] France
Answer: France
The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS), led by the Prime Minister, approved a ₹63,000-
crore deal to buy 26 Rafale-M fighter jets from France for the Indian Navy. Earlier, India
planned to buy 126 jets under the Medium Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MMRCA) tender in
2007, but it was cancelled in 2015. A 2016 deal brought 36 Rafale jets for the Indian Air
Force (IAF), delivered from 2019 to 2022. The new deal includes 22 Rafale-M single-seater
jets for aircraft carriers and 4 twin-seater trainers for practice. These jets will fly from INS
Vikramaditya and INS Vikrant. Rafale is a 4.5 generation, twin-engine, delta-wing, multirole
fighter made by Dassault Aviation. It can fly at Mach 1.8 and has a combat range of over
1000 kilometers, useful for various missions like air combat, ground attacks, and naval
strikes.
91. What is the name of the digital platform launched by Union Health Minister to streamline
patient referrals across AIIMS hospitals?
[A] AIIMS e-Health Network
[B] National Patient Tracker
[C] Inter-AIIMS Referral Portal
[D] Swasth Bharat Digital Link
Answer: Inter-AIIMS Referral Portal
Union Minister of Health and Family Welfare J.P. Nadda launched the Inter-All India
Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Referral Portal to improve patient referral systems
across India. The portal was developed by AIIMS New Delhi using advanced technology
like facial recognition and automated workflows. It aims to reduce waiting time, cut
manual errors, and make healthcare more patient-friendly and transparent. The project
will begin as a pilot between AIIMS New Delhi and AIIMS Bilaspur to test and refine the
system. This initiative reflects the Ministry’s goal of providing inclusive, efficient, and tech-
driven healthcare for all.
92. Which two states have jointly conducted a Nilgiri Tahr Census in April 2025?
[A] Karnataka and Maharashtra
[B] Telangana and Andhra Pradesh
[C] Kerala and Tamil Nadu
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[D] Rajasthan and Gujarat
Answer: Kerala and Tamil Nadu
Kerala and Tamil Nadu jointly conducts a Nilgiri Tahr census to mark 50 years of
Eravikulam National Park. Eravikulam National Park, Kerala’s first national park, was a
sanctuary in 1975 and became a national park in 1978. It was mainly established to
protect the endangered Nilgiri Tahr, a mountain goat species found only in the Western
Ghats of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The park also shelters species like Lion-tailed Macaques
and Nilgiri Langurs. Nilgiri Tahr is also the state animal of Tamil Nadu.
93. Daulatabad Fort, which was seen in news, is located in which state?
[A] Odisha
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Maharashtra
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Maharashtra
A fire broke out at Daulatabad Fort in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar district, Maharashtra,
prompting the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to assess the damage and plan disaster
management. It is located in Maharashtra. Specifically, it is situated near the city of
Aurangabad, also known as Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar. Daulatabad Fort was originally
called Devgiri, meaning "Hill of Gods", and was renamed by Muhammad bin Tughlaq in
the 14th century when he shifted his capital there. It served as the capital for many
dynasties like the Yadavas, Tughlaqs, Bahmanis, Nizam Shahis, Mughals, Marathas, and
the Nizams of Hyderabad. It is a UNESCO-nominated heritage site known for its rich
history, architecture, and ecology. The fort has three-layered defense walls called
Ambarkot, Mahakot, and Kalakot, with moats, bastions, and iron-spiked gates.
94. The GenomeIndia Project was launched by which institution?
[A] Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)
[B] Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
[C] Ministry of AYUSH
[D] All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Delhi
Answer: Department of Biotechnology (DBT)
Nature Genetics published results from the GenomeIndia Project, which sequenced whole
genomes of about 10,000 people from 85 different population groups, including 32 tribal
and 53 non-tribal communities across India. The study found 180 million genetic variants,
with 130 million on autosomes, which are non-sex chromosomes, and 50 million on sex
chromosomes, X and Y. Some of these variants are linked to diseases, some are rare, and
many are unique to India or certain communities. The GenomeIndia Project was launched
in 2020 by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) to map India's genetic diversity.
95. Noctiluca scintillans is primarily responsible for which natural phenomenon recently observed
in backwaters of Kerala?
[A] Ocean acidification
[B] Bioluminescence
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[C] Meteotsunami
[D] Red tide
Answer: Bioluminescence
Recently, bioluminescent blue waves appeared in the backwaters of Kochi, Kerala, drawing
tourists but causing concerns about environmental degradation among ecologists and
fishers. Bioluminescence is the natural light produced by organisms like bacteria, fungi,
and algae when coastal waters are disturbed. The main cause of this glow is Noctiluca
scintillans, a type of plankton known as "sea sparkle". This glow happens due to chemical
reactions in parts called scintillons, and it is usually blue but can appear red or brown
depending on the plankton's concentration. The phenomenon is most commonly seen
between March and May, known locally as "Kavaru" in Malayalam.
96. World Parkinson’s Day is observed on which day annually?
[A] April 9
[B] April 10
[C] April 11
[D] April 12
Answer: April 11
World Parkinson’s Day is observed every year on April 11 to spread awareness about
Parkinson’s Disease, a brain disorder that worsens over time and affects movement and
coordination. The day was established in 1997 by Parkinson’s Europe and the World
Health Organization (WHO) to honour Dr. James Parkinson, who first described the
disease in 1817. Parkinson’s Disease affects over 10 million people globally, with nearly 1
million cases in India. The 2025 theme focuses on early diagnosis, understanding
symptoms, and managing lifestyle for better outcomes.
97. The BM-04 is a short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) developed by which organization?
[A] Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
[B] Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
[C] Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
[D] Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
Answer: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
India recently showcased the BM-04 missile at the Vigyan Vaibhav 2025 defense exhibition
in Hyderabad, highlighting its growing strength in conventional counterforce weapons.
The BM-04 is a short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) developed by the Defence Research
and Development Organisation (DRDO). It is 10.2 meters long, 1.2 meters in diameter,
weighs 11,500 kg, and carries a 500 kg conventional warhead. With a range of 1,500 km
and 30-meter circular error probability (CEP), it uses a two-stage solid-fuel system. It is
canisterized and launched from a six-wheel indigenous transport erector launcher (TEL). It
features a Common Hypersonic Glide Body (C-HGB) for evasive flight paths and can be
upgraded regularly to face evolving threats.
98. What is the purpose of the new 'Blue Category' introduced by the Central Pollution Control
Board (CPCB)?
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[A] To categorize the most polluting industries
[B] To classify activities under Essential Environmental Services (EES)
[C] To label chemical manufacturing industries
[D] To remove categorization of industries
Answer: To classify activities under Essential Environmental Services (EES)
The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) has created a new ‘Blue Category’ under
Essential Environmental Services (EES) for industries like composting, biogas plants, and
sewage treatment. It includes Waste-to-Energy (WTE) incineration, which was earlier in the
highly polluting ‘Red Category’ with a Pollution Index (PI) of 97.6. ‘Blue Washing’ is a term
for showing polluting industries as eco-friendly by placing them in cleaner categories. This
reclassification of WTE plants into the ‘Blue Category’ is seen as an example of ‘Blue
Washing’ by many environmentalists. The move has raised concerns over transparency
and environmental impact.
99. What is the rank of India in the medal tally at the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF)
World Cup 2025?
[A] First
[B] Second
[C] Third
[D] Fourth
Answer: Second
India won 8 medals at the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) World Cup 2025
in Buenos Aires, finishing second behind China. The medal tally included 4 golds, 2 silvers,
and 2 bronzes. Golds were won by Sift Kaur Samra (women’s 50m rifle 3 positions),
Rudrankksh Patil (men’s 10m air rifle), Suruchi Singh (women’s 10m air pistol), and
Vijayveer Sidhu (men’s 25m rapid fire pistol). Silvers went to Esha Singh (women’s 25m
pistol) and Arya Borse/Rudrankksh Patil (mixed 10m air rifle). Bronzes were claimed by
Saurabh Chaudhary/Suruchi Singh (10m air pistol mixed team) and Chain Singh (men’s
50m rifle 3 positions).
100. Hari Dutt Kapri, who recently passed away, was associated with which sports?
[A] Basketball
[B] Football
[C] Kabaddi
[D] Boxing
Answer: Basketball
Former Indian basketball captain Hari Dutt Kapri passed away at the age of 83 at his
residence. He was born in 1942 in Chiiriyakhan village, Muwani area, Pithoragarh district,
Uttarakhand. Kapri led the Indian basketball team from 1965 to 1978, helping it rise from
7th to 4th position in Asia in 1969. He was honoured with the Arjuna Award in 1969 for his
outstanding contribution to Indian sports. He received a lifetime achievement award from
the Uttarakhand government. His mortal remains were cremated at Rameshwar Ghat.
101. Which country has become the first African country to sign a Country Partnership Framework

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with the International Solar Alliance?
[A] Botswana
[B] Ethiopia
[C] Mauritius
[D] Kenya
Answer: Mauritius
Mauritius has become the first African country and the fourth globally to sign a Country
Partnership Framework (CPF) with the International Solar Alliance (ISA). The International
Solar Alliance (ISA) is a global platform that promotes solar energy cooperation among
member countries. The CPF offers a structured plan for long- and medium-term
collaboration on solar projects aligned with Mauritius’s national goals. This agreement
aims to speed up clean energy transition through joint solar initiatives. A Country
Partnership Strategy (CPS) will be created to suit Mauritius’s energy needs.
102. Thangjing Hill, which was seen in news, is located in which state?
[A] Assam
[B] Sikkim
[C] Mizoram
[D] Manipur
Answer: Manipur
A controversy has emerged in Manipur over renaming Thangjing Hill, sacred to the Meitei
community, as ‘Thangting Camp’ by the Kuki National Front – Military Council (KNF-MC).
Thangjing Hill, also known as Thangching or Thangting Hill, is a pilgrimage site for
Sanamahism followers and is linked to the Ibudhou Thangjing temple. It is located in
Churachandpur district of Manipur, within the Churachandpur-Khaopum Protected
Forests.
103. Which state is the host of International Youth Conclave 2025?
[A] Sikkim
[B] Assam
[C] Meghalaya
[D] Arunachal Pradesh
Answer: Sikkim
Sikkim hosts the International Youth Conclave from 12th April to 14th April at Yanggang
Helipad in Namchi district. It is organized by the Department of Tourism, Government of
Sikkim. The conclave celebrates “50 Years of Statehood” and highlights Sikkim’s progress
in sustainable tourism and cultural preservation. The conclave includes heritage walks,
cultural rallies, expert talks, panel discussions, and tourism excursions, promoting local
culture and sustainable growth.
104. National Investigation Agency (NIA) functions under which ministry?
[A] Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs
[B] Ministry of Law and Justice
[C] Ministry of Home Affairs

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[D] Ministry of Cooperate Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Home Affairs
A Delhi court has sent 26/11 Mumbai attack accused Tahawwur Rana to the custody of the
National Investigation Agency (NIA) after his extradition from the United States. The
National Investigation Agency (NIA) is India’s central counter-terrorism agency,
established under the NIA Act, 2008 after the 26/11 attacks. It investigates crimes that
threaten India’s sovereignty, security, and international agreements. The NIA
(Amendment) Act, 2019 extended its powers to investigate crimes committed outside
India involving Indian citizens or interests. It now covers offences under laws like the
Explosive Substances Act, Cyber Terrorism, Human Trafficking, and Arms Act. NIA works
under the Ministry of Home Affairs
105. Which country has launched world’s first anti-drone barrage weapon to counter drone swarm
and missile warfare?
[A] Japan
[B] China
[C] Russia
[D] Ukraine
Answer: China
China has unveiled the world’s first 16-barrel Anti-Drone Barrage Weapon System to
counter drone swarms and missile threats. It uses a “wall of fire” approach instead of
traditional point-to-point targeting, increasing chances of hitting fast and unpredictable
aerial threats. The system fires dense barrages of projectiles to intercept drones, missiles,
rockets, helicopters, and artillery shells. It addresses current air defence gaps against low-
cost drone saturation attacks. China plans both domestic deployment and international
exports amid rising drone threats near Taiwan.
106. Which two health schemes were merged in Odisha to create a unified health coverage
scheme?
[A] Gopabandhu Yojana and Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana
[B] Ayushman Bharat and Gopabandhu Jan Arogya Yojana
[C] Central Government Health Scheme and Nishulk Aushadhi Vitran Yojana
[D] None of the Above
Answer: Ayushman Bharat and Gopabandhu Jan Arogya Yojana
Odisha launched a unified health scheme combining Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri
Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) and Gopabandhu Jan Arogya Yojana (GJAY), formerly Biju
Swasthya Kalyan Yojana (BSKY). The merged scheme now covers 1.03 crore families (3.46
crore people) in Odisha. Health cards will be accepted in 29,000 hospitals nationwide and
distributed within three months. Every family member is eligible, and 23 lakh senior
citizens will get free medical care. 4,000 doctors have been appointed; 5,374 more will
follow.
107. Which institution has launched a report on “Automotive Industry: Powering India’s
Participation in Global Value Chains”?
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[A] NITI Aayog
[B] Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers
[C] Ministry of Road Transport and Highways
[D] Automotive Research Association of India
Answer: NITI Aayog
NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) released a report titled
"Automotive Industry: Powering India’s Participation in Global Value Chains", highlighting
India’s automotive strengths and roadmap to global leadership. India is the fourth-largest
vehicle producer globally with 6 million vehicles produced annually, but holds only 3%
share in global auto components trade worth USD 2 trillion. Challenges include high
operational costs, low R&D investment, infrastructure gaps, and limited integration in
Global Value Chains (GVCs). The report suggests fiscal support like Operational
Expenditure (Opex) aid, Capital Expenditure (Capex) focus, skill development, and cluster-
based R&D hubs.
108. National Safe Motherhood Day (NSMD) is observed on which day annually?
[A] April 9
[B] April 10
[C] April 11
[D] April 12
Answer: April 11
National Safe Motherhood Day (NSMD) is observed on April 11 to promote maternal
health and safe childbirth. It marks the birth anniversary of Kasturba Gandhi, honoring
her legacy and highlighting the need for care to all pregnant and lactating women. The
day spreads awareness about maternal rights, prenatal and postnatal care, and reducing
maternal mortality. It aims to combat malnutrition, promote skilled birth attendance, and
empower women through better health literacy. The 2025 theme, “Healthy Beginnings,
Hopeful Futures,” stresses quality healthcare from pregnancy to childbirth for safe
outcomes for both mother and baby.
109. Which state has achieved the Geographical Indication (GI) tag for Ryndia silk?
[A] Assam
[B] Mizoram
[C] Meghalaya
[D] Sikkim
Answer: Meghalaya
The Government of India has granted Geographical Indication (GI) tags to Ryndia Silk and
Khasi Handloom from Meghalaya, boosting their cultural identity, legal protection, and
market reach. Ryndia Silk is hand-spun, naturally dyed, and organically made, linked to
Umden-Diwon, Meghalaya’s first Eri Silk Village. Khasi Handloom showcases the Khasi
community’s rich weaving tradition using natural dyes. The GI tag was officially granted
with support from the Meghalaya Textiles Department, National Bank for Agriculture and
Rural Development (NABARD), Dr. Rajnikanth, and the Meghalaya Ryndia Producers

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Association.
110. The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) in India is published by which organization?
[A] Central Statistics Office (CSO)
[B] NITI Aayog
[C] Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
[D] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
Answer: Central Statistics Office (CSO)
Industrial output grew by only 2.9% in February 2025, the slowest in six months and below
the market expectation of 4%. The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) measures short-
term changes in industrial production and is published by the Central Statistics Office
(CSO) under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI). The
current base year is 2011–12 to reflect the modern industrial structure.
111. Which organization has launched the Long-Range Glide Bomb (LRGB) named Gaurav?
[A] Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
[B] Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
[C] Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
[D] Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
Answer: Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted
release trials of the Long-Range Glide Bomb (LRGB) named Gaurav. Gaurav is a 1,000-kg
class bomb developed indigenously by DRDO’s Research Centre Imarat (RCI) in
Hyderabad. It is a glide bomb without an engine, designed to travel long distances using
wings and momentum after release from a high-flying aircraft. This allows safe and
precise attacks while keeping aircraft out of enemy radar and air defence range. The
project saw collaboration with private firms like Adani Defence Systems, Bharat Forge, and
various Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
112. What is the name of the scheme launched to modernize and redevelop railway stations across
India?
[A] Amrit Bharat Station Scheme
[B] Smart Station Project
[C] Vande Rail Mission
[D] None of the Above
Answer: Amrit Bharat Station Scheme
The Railway Minister announced that 104 out of 1,300 stations under redevelopment are
completed as part of the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme. The Amrit Bharat Station Scheme
was launched by Indian Railways in February 2023 to modernize railway stations across
India. The scheme follows a long-term and continuous development approach with
phased implementation through Master Plans. It focuses on better station access, waiting
halls, toilets, lifts/escalators, cleanliness, Wi-Fi, local product kiosks, passenger information
systems, and executive lounges. Each station’s design will reflect local culture, heritage,
and architecture to enhance the travel experience.
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113. Mahadayi River, that was recently seen in news, originates from which wildlife sanctuary?
[A] Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary
[B] Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary
[C] Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary
[D] Koyna Wildlife Sanctuary
Answer: Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary
Farmer leaders, environmentalists, religious heads, and advocates are protesting the
proposed Bandura Nala water diversion project in the Mahadayi River basin. The
Mahadayi River, also known as Mandovi or Mhadei, is a rain-fed river shared by Karnataka
and Goa for their water needs. It originates from Bhimgad Wildlife Sanctuary in the
Western Ghats of Karnataka, flows briefly through Maharashtra, and then enters Goa,
where it empties into the Arabian Sea at Panaji. Out of its 111-km total length, about 76
km lies in Goa. Important tributaries include Rogaro, Kushavati, Nanorem, Nanuz, Valvota,
and Mapusa. The river also hosts the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary on Chorao Island, and the
towns of Panaji and Old Goa lie on its left bank.
114. Which country is the host of 8th Meeting of Joint Committee on ASEAN-India Trade in Goods
Agreement (AITIGA)?
[A] India
[B] Indonesia
[C] South Korea
[D] China
Answer: India
India recently hosted the 8th Meeting of the Joint Committee on ASEAN-India Trade in
Goods Agreement (AITIGA) to boost regional trade. AITIGA was signed in 2009 and came
into force in 2010, aiming to ease trade between India and ASEAN nations. The agreement
ensures National Treatment for goods of each party, as per General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade (GATT), 1994. India-ASEAN trade reached USD 121 billion in 2023–24, forming
11% of India’s global trade. The next meeting will be held in June 2025 in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia.
115. A rare golden tiger, also called a golden tabby tiger, was recently spotted at which national
park in Assam?
[A] Kaziranga National Park
[B] Manas National Park
[C] Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
[D] Orang National Park
Answer: Kaziranga National Park
A rare golden tiger, also called a golden tabby tiger, was recently spotted in Kaziranga
National Park, Assam. It is not a separate subspecies but a colour variant of the Bengal
tiger. Only four golden tigers are known to exist in the wild, all in Kaziranga. The colour is
due to a mutation in the wideband gene, which increases the reddish-yellow pigment
called pheomelanin. Both tiger parents must carry this mutated gene for the golden

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colour to appear. The colour itself is harmless, but it may result from inbreeding, which
can cause genetic weaknesses.
116. According to Asian Development Bank (ADB), what is the projected GDP growth rate for India
in FY2025?
[A] 6.2%
[B] 6.7%
[C] 5.8%
[D] 4.6%
Answer: 6.7%
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) in its April 2025 Asian Development Outlook has
projected India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth at 6.7% for fiscal year 2025. This
shows India’s economic resilience despite global challenges, driven by strong domestic
demand, growth in rural income, and controlled inflation. Reforms like tax cuts for the
middle class and monetary easing through repo rate cuts are also boosting the economy.
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has slightly lowered its forecast to 6.5%, but ADB remains
confident about India’s growth continuing into fiscal year 2026.
117. Siachen Day is observed by the Indian Army every year to commemorate which of its
operation?
[A] Operation Vijay
[B] Operation Blue Star
[C] Operation Meghdoot
[D] Operation Parakram
Answer: Operation Meghdoot
April 13 is observed as Siachen Day to honour the Indian Army’s Operation Meghdoot,
launched in 1984 to secure the Siachen Glacier, the world’s highest battlefield. Indian
troops captured Bilafond La Pass, gaining a major strategic edge in Kashmir. The
operation was led by Lieutenant General Manohar Lal Chibber, Lieutenant General P.N.
Hoon, and Major General Shiv Sharma. It was supported by the Indian Air Force (IAF) using
aircraft like An-12, An-32, IL-76, and helicopters Mi-17, Chetak, and Cheetah. Siachen
guards routes to Gilgit Baltistan, Shaksgam Valley, and the Karakoram Pass, making it vital
for national security.
118. Asiatic Lion, which was seen in news, is found only in which Indian state?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Rajasthan
[D] Maharashtra
Answer: Gujarat
Asiatic lions, also called Persian Lions or Indian Lions, belong to the subspecies Panthera
leo persica and are found only in India, mainly in Gir National Park, Gujarat. Once spread
across West Asia and the Middle East, they are now extinct outside India, making Gir their
last home. As per the 2020 lion census by the Gujarat Forest Department, there are 674

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lions across 30,000 sq km in nine districts and 53 talukas of Saurashtra. Lions are now
moving beyond Gir, even reaching Diu Island, showing healthy range expansion.
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has listed them as Endangered
since 2008, improved from Critically Endangered in the 1990s due to successful
conservation.
119. The real-time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (rt-LAMP) assay test is used for the
early detection of which disease?
[A] COVID 19
[B] Tuberculosis (TB)
[C] Diabetes
[D] Ebola
Answer: Tuberculosis (TB)
Scientists at Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST) in
Thiruvananthapuram have developed a new real-time test for Tuberculosis (TB) called the
real-time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (rt-LAMP) assay. The rt-LAMP assay is
similar to GeneXpert and Truenat, with high sensitivity to detect even 10 TB DNA copies
per microlitre. Unlike Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), which
needs three temperature cycles, rt-LAMP works at a single temperature, making it simpler
and faster. It uses six primers for stronger DNA detection, compared to two in RT-PCR. The
use of Syto 16 fluorescent dye avoids false negatives. Results are available in just 10–20
minutes, helping in early TB diagnosis.
120. Phawngpui National Park is located in which state?
[A] Assam
[B] Nagaland
[C] Sikkim
[D] Mizoram
Answer: Mizoram
Forest fires recently broke out in Phawngpui National Park in Mizoram, damaging nearly
one-ninth of its total area, according to state forest officials. Phawngpui National Park,
also called the Blue Mountain National Park, is in the southeastern corner of Mizoram,
close to the India-Myanmar border. It is the highest peak in Mizoram, with an altitude of
2,157 meters above sea level. The park covers 50 square kilometres, overlooks the
Chhimtuipui River, and offers views of Myanmar’s hill ranges.
121. Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Plant is located in which state?
[A] Haryana
[B] Punjab
[C] Himachal Pradesh
[D] Uttarakhand
Answer: Haryana
Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of the 800 megawatt (MW) 3rd
unit of Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Plant in Yamunanagar, Haryana on 14
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April 2025. The new unit is an ultra-supercritical thermal plant, which uses less coal and
produces lower carbon emissions compared to older plants. Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram
Thermal Power Plant is located in Yamuna Nagar district of Haryana. It is named after
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram, a prominent freedom fighter and social reformer. It is
operated by Haryana Power Generation Corporation Limited (HPGCL), a government-
owned company.
122. The Yimkhiung tribe is primarily found in which state?
[A] Assam
[B] Sikkim
[C] Nagaland
[D] Tripura
Answer: Nagaland
The Yimkhiung Tribal Council (YTC) recently led a protest in Pungro Town, Nagaland,
against the fencing of the Indo-Myanmar border and the removal of the Free Movement
Regime (FMR). The Yimkhiung tribe mainly lives in eastern Nagaland’s Kiphire district and
nearby regions of Myanmar. Their villages are based on clans, and they follow a strong
tradition of oral history, festivals, and communal land ownership. The international border
divides the Yimkhiung people, separating families and ancestral lands they consider as
one. The Yimkhiungrü language, part of the Sino-Tibetan family, is spoken by over 100,000
people. Tsüngkamnyo is their most important post-harvest festival.
123. Which organization releases the Global Financial Stability Report?
[A] Asian Development Bank (ADB)
[B] World Bank
[C] International Monetary Fund (IMF)
[D] United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Answer: International Monetary Fund (IMF)
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) in its Global Financial Stability Report warned that
high geopolitical risks may affect global financial and economic stability. It highlighted
threats like conflicts, cyberattacks, and resource competition disrupting global supply
chains. Shifts in global power, new trade alliances, and investment centers are changing
traditional economic dynamics. The global tax system is becoming fragmented as some
countries adopt a minimum global tax while others move away from shared tax rules.
Workforce challenges such as ageing populations, low birth rates, cultural tensions, and
artificial intelligence (AI) integration are also stressing economies and labour markets. The
International Monetary Fund (IMF) releases the Global Financial Stability Report. This
report, published twice a year in April and October, provides an assessment of the global
financial system and markets, including emerging market financing.
124. What is the name of the committee that approved the relocation of cheetahs from Kuno
National Park to Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary ?
[A] Project Wildcat Committee
[B] National Cheetah Task Force
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[C] Cheetah Project Steering Committee
[D] Wildlife Relocation Review Board
Answer: Cheetah Project Steering Committee
The Cheetah Project Steering Committee, set up in May 2023 by the National Tiger
Conservation Authority (NTCA), approved relocating some cheetahs from Kuno National
Park to Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh The project began in 2022,
with 8 cheetahs from Namibia and 12 from South Africa being translocated to Kuno The
relocation faces challenges, as 8 adult cheetahs and 5 cubs have died so far Gandhi Sagar
is part of a cheetah meta-population plan of 60–70 cheetahs across the Kuno-Gandhi
Sagar landscape in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan Currently, 26 cheetahs are at Kuno,
with 17 in the wild and 9 in enclosures Prey species at Gandhi Sagar include chinkara,
chousingha, nilgai, and chital
125. Sillahalla Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Project is located in which state?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Karnataka
[C] Maharashtra
[D] Rajasthan
Answer: Tamil Nadu
In April 2025, strong protests erupted against the Sillahalla Pumped Storage Hydroelectric
Project (SPSHEP) in Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, led by farmers, tribal groups, and
environmentalists. The project is proposed by Tamil Nadu Green Energy Corporation
Limited (TNGECL) to generate 1,000 megawatts (MW) of electricity for meeting peak power
demand and integrating renewable energy. It is located in the Tamil Nadu, specifically
within the Nilgiris district. It includes two dams, tunnels of 2.8 km (head race) and 1.56 km
(tail race), an underground powerhouse, and surface storage. Around 1,000 acres of
farmland and 500 acres of forest may be submerged, affecting nearly 3,000 farmers.
Landowners with joint pattas may not receive fair compensation, and earlier
compensations for road projects remain pending. People are protesting due to fears of
losing land, forests, and livelihoods
126. Which state government has declared heatwaves, sunstrokes, and sunburns as a ‘State-
Specific Disaster’ in April 2025?
[A] Telangana
[B] Bihar
[C] Punjab
[D] Odisha
Answer: Telangana
Telangana has declared heatwaves, sunstrokes, and sunburns as a ‘State-Specific Disaster’
due to rising global temperatures and frequent severe heat events. Financial relief to
families of heatwave victims has been increased from ₹50,000 to ₹4 lakh per deceased
person under the State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF). Previously, relief was given under
the Apathbandhu scheme; now a Government Order (G.O.) issued by Special Chief
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Secretary (Disaster Management) Arvind Kumar formalised the new policy. The Indian
Meteorological Department (IMD) reported at least 15 heatwave days in Telangana in
2024, with some districts facing over 30 days. Heatwave deaths must meet IMD's
definition: temperature 40°C with 5-6°C rise from normal or 45°C.
127. Who has won the 2025 Paris Freestyle Chess Grand Slam title?
[A] Gukesh Dommaraju
[B] Magnus Carlsen
[C] Hikaru Nakamura
[D] Arjun Erigaisi
Answer: Magnus Carlsen
World number one Magnus Carlsen won the Freestyle Chess Grand Slam held in Paris. He
defeated Hikaru Nakamura 1.5–0.5 by winning the first game and drawing the second.
This was Carlsen’s first Grand Slam title in this new freestyle format. He won a prize of
$200,000, showing his strength in a format blending creativity with classical chess.
Caruana earned a spot in the next Grand Slam event in the United States of America (USA)
this July. The Paris event featured top-level players and a fresh approach to chess.
128. Where was the Defence Literature Festival ‘Kalam & Kavach 2.0’ held in April 2025?
[A] Hyderabad
[B] Chennai
[C] New Delhi
[D] Bengaluru
Answer: New Delhi
The Centre for Joint Warfare Studies (CENJOWS), under the Integrated Defence Staff (IDS)
and the Ministry of Defence, held the second Defence Literature Festival ‘Kalam & Kavach
2.0’ in New Delhi. The event was themed ‘Securing India’s Rise through Defence Reforms’
and focused on India’s journey to becoming a self-reliant and tech-driven military power.
The festival supported the Aatmanirbhar Bharat (self-reliant India) goal through defence
manufacturing and procurement reforms. It emphasized integration across land, air, sea,
cyber, and space for national security. The event aligned with Defence Minister Rajnath
Singh’s declaration of 2025 as the ‘Year of Reforms’. It highlighted stronger public-private
partnerships and faster tech transfers to boost readiness. Kalam & Kavach 2.0 showed
how literature, innovation, and strategy can together shape India’s defence future.
129. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD), that was recently seen in news, primarily affects which part of
the body?
[A] Heart
[B] Liver
[C] Brain
[D] Lungs
Answer: Brain
Two people in the United States are believed to have died recently from Creutzfeldt-Jakob
Disease (CJD), a rare and incurable brain disorder. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) causes
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dementia and belongs to a group of diseases called prion disorders or transmissible

spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). Its symptoms are similar to Alzheimer’s disease but
progress much faster and lead to death. Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is very rare, with
only 1 to 2 cases diagnosed per million people each year worldwide. It mostly affects older
adults and is always serious. The disease is caused by abnormal proteins called prions,
which damage the brain by turning healthy prions into harmful ones. These abnormal
prions clump together in the brain, leading to nerve cell loss and severe brain damage.
130. Which state won the 15th Hockey India Senior Men National Championship Trophy 2025?
[A] Punjab
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Gujarat
Answer: Punjab
Hockey Punjab, led by Hardik Singh, won the 15th Hockey India Senior Men National
Championship Trophy 2025 by defeating Hockey Madhya Pradesh 4-1 in the final. The final
match of Division A was held on 15 April 2025 at the Major Dhyan Chand Hockey Stadium
in Jhansi, Madhya Pradesh. Uttar Pradesh Hockey won the bronze medal by defeating
Manipur Hockey 5-1. Hockey Punjab won their 5th title since the tournament began under
Hockey India in 2011. The tournament was organised by Hockey India and held from 4 to
15 April 2025.
131. A new frog species named Leptobrachium aryatium was recently discovered in which
northeastern state?
[A] Nagaland
[B] Tripura
[C] Manipur
[D] Assam
Answer: Assam
A new frog species named Leptobrachium aryatium was discovered in Garbhanga Reserve
Forest near Guwahati, Assam, after a 21-year-long study. It was first studied in 2004 but
misidentified as Leptobrachium smithi. The discovery site lies near Deepor Beel, a Ramsar
wetland site, and is part of the Garbhanga-Rani-Deepar Beel elephant corridor. The
species was named after Arya Vidyapeeth College, which helped transform the local area
from a liquor brewing zone to an educational hub. The frog has orange-and-black eyes, a
reticulated throat, and makes rhythmic dusk-time calls. Its identification was confirmed
through morphology, DNA analysis, and bioacoustics.
132. What kind of organism is "Clinidium lalitae" that was recently seen in news?
[A] Beetle
[B] Frog
[C] Ant
[D] Spider
Answer: Beetle

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Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have discovered a new beetle species
named Clinidium lalitae. It was found in the Talle Valley Wildlife Sanctuary in Arunachal
Pradesh. The beetle is named in honour of Dr. Lalita Ray Chaudhury, a renowned
coleopterologist and former ZSI scientist. Clinidium lalitae is part of a rare group of
ground beetles known for living on forest floors. It has a unique body structure that
makes it different from other beetles. These beetles help maintain soil health and support
nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems.
133. The Etalin Hydro Electric Project is a planned hydropower project in which state?
[A] Sikkim
[B] Assam
[C] Odisha
[D] Arunachal Pradesh
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh
Arunachal Pradesh government has allocated Rs 269.97 crore for the Etalin Hydroelectric
Project in Dibang Valley. Etalin Hydroelectric Project is a 3,097 Megawatt (MW)
hydropower project planned in Arunachal Pradesh. It is among the largest proposed
hydropower projects in India in terms of installed capacity. The project includes two run-
of-the-river schemes on the Dri and Tangon rivers, which are tributaries of the Dibang
River. Two concrete gravity dams of 101.5 metres and 80 metres height are planned under
this project. The project lies in a highly rich biodiversity zone of the Himalayan region and
is a global mega biodiversity hotspot. The area is home to the Idu-Mishmi tribal
community.
134. What is the name of the operation launched by CBI to combat transnational organized
cybercrime and digital arrests?
[A] Operation Cyber-Net
[B] Operation Vigilant Eye
[C] Operation Chakra-V
[D] Operation Digital Shield
Answer: Operation Chakra-V
The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) launched Operation Chakra-V to tackle
transnational organized cybercrime and digital arrest scams. This is a follow-up to
Operation Chakra-IV, which targeted cyber-enabled financial crime networks through a
globally coordinated law enforcement effort using INTERPOL (International Criminal Police
Organization) channels. A digital arrest is a type of cybercrime where fraudsters pose as
law enforcement officials through audio or video calls. They scare victims by claiming they
are involved in crimes and demand personal information or money as bail or bribe. This
operation aims to stop such international cyber scams effectively.
135. Daniel Noboa has been re-elected as the President of which country in April 2025?
[A] Colombia
[B] Argentina
[C] Ecuador
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[D] Guyana
Answer: Ecuador
Daniel Noboa has been re-elected as the President of Ecuador for a second term. Ecuador
is a country located in the northwestern part of South America. It shares its northern
border with Colombia and its eastern and southern borders with Peru. The country has a
western coastline along the Pacific Ocean. Daniel Noboa's re-election reflects continued
public support for his leadership. Ecuador is known for its diverse geography, including
the Andes mountains, Amazon rainforest, and the Galápagos Islands. The country plays an
important role in regional politics and environmental conservation efforts.
136. The musical instrument 'Shehnai' from which state recently received a Geographical
Indication (GI) tag?
[A] Bihar
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Odisha
[D] Punjab
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
Varanasi’s cultural and craft heritage received national recognition with Geographical
Indication (GI) tags given to the Banarasi Shehnai and Banarasi Tabla. The Banarasi
Shehnai is a traditional wind instrument linked to the Banaras Gharana of Indian classical
music. It gained national fame through Ustad Bismillah Khan, who played it at the Red
Fort on India’s first Independence Day. The shehnai is considered divine and is commonly
used at weddings, religious events, and temple rituals. It reflects the spiritual and artistic
traditions of Varanasi and adds to the city’s unique cultural identity.
137. Which bank has become the first in India to install an Automated Teller Machine (ATM) on a
train in India?
[A] Bank of Baroda
[B] Bank of Maharashtra
[C] Bank of India
[D] Central Bank of India
Answer: Bank of Maharashtra
Bank of Maharashtra, a public sector bank, has become the first bank to install an
Automated Teller Machine (ATM) on a train in India. The ATM was installed on the
Mumbai-Manmad Panchavati Express. This is the first time an ATM has been introduced
on an Indian Railway train. Union Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw shared this update
through his social media account. According to Indian Railways, this was a pilot project
aimed at improving passenger convenience. The ATM was placed in a modified pantry car
cubicle at the rear end of the coach. The cubicle has a shutter door for safety and easy
access. If successful, this facility will be expanded to other trains. The initiative is part of
the Indian Railway’s Innovative and Non-Revenue Ideas Scheme.
138. Silkyara Bend-Barkot Tunnel, that was recently seen in news, is located in which state?
[A] Himachal Pradesh
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[B] Sikkim
[C] Uttarakhand
[D] Assam
Answer: Uttarakhand
Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways called the breakthrough in the Silkyara
Bend-Barkot Tunnel a historic milestone. The tunnel is a 531-kilometre long, two-lane bi-
directional tunnel with an escape passage. It is located on the Dharasu-Yamunotri section
in Uttarakhand, connecting Silkyara and Barkot. The tunnel is part of National
Highway-134 (NH-134), earlier known as NH-94. It is being built under the Engineering,
Procurement, and Construction (EPC) mode.
139. Which country recently confirmed the deployment of the US anti-ship missile system NMESIS
for the Balikatan military exercises?
[A] Japan
[B] South Korea
[C] Philippines
[D] Australia
Answer: Philippines
The Philippines confirmed the deployment of the United States anti-ship missile system
NMESIS for this year’s Balikatan military exercises. NMESIS stands for Navy Marine
Expeditionary Ship Interdiction System. It is developed for the United States Marine Corps
(USMC) to support land-to-sea missile attacks. It uses the Naval Strike Missile (NSM), the
latest anti-ship missile of the United States Navy. The missile is mounted on an unmanned
version of the Oshkosh Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV). The vehicle platform is called
Remotely Operated Ground Unit for Expeditionary (ROGUE) Fires. Oshkosh Defense
supplies the ROGUE Fires vehicle. The Naval Strike Missile is jointly made by Raytheon
Missiles and Defense from the United States and Kongsberg Defence and Aerospace from
Norway.
140. GP-DRASTI Drone Program has been launched by which state government?
[A] Rajasthan
[B] Gujarat
[C] Goa
[D] Punjab
Answer: Gujarat
Gujarat Police launched the GP-DRASTI program, which stands for Drone Response and
Aerial Surveillance Tactical Interventions. The program uses quadcopters for real-time
surveillance, quick response to crimes, and evidence collection. It covers 33 police stations
across Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Surat, and Vadodara. The drones are equipped with high-
definition (HD) cameras, night vision, and a 1-kilometre zoom. They can track suspects,
provide live video, and help in facial recognition during criminal events. Each drone
operates within a 4-kilometre range, flies up to 120 meters high, and can stay airborne for
45 minutes. Sixteen police personnel have been trained to operate the drones. The

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initiative boosts security in areas prone to violence and improves police effectiveness.
141. Which institution hosted the conference on "Building Together a Clean Sport Ecosystem" in
New Delhi?
[A] Indian Olympic Association (IOA)
[B] National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) India
[C] Sports Authority of India (SAI)
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) India
The National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA) India hosted a conference on “Building Together
a Clean Sport Ecosystem” at the India International Centre, New Delhi, as part of Play True
Week 2025. The event gathered stakeholders committed to a fair and values-based
sporting environment in India. The event saw the unveiling of “NADA India’s Fair Play
Guide” in ten regional languages for better accessibility. Participants took a pledge to
commit to fair play and doping-free sport. The conference included panel discussions on
anti-doping policy, athlete rights, and testing, with insights from sports federations,
medical experts, and international organizations.
142. World Hemophilia Day is observed annually on which day?
[A] April 16
[B] April 17
[C] April 18
[D] April 19
Answer: April 17
World Hemophilia Day is observed annually on April 17. The day raises awareness and
supports individuals affected by hemophilia and other bleeding disorders. Its main goal is
to educate the public, improve the quality of life for patients, and unite efforts for better
treatment. The day was first observed in 1989 by the World Federation of Hemophilia
(WFH). The date honors the birthday of Frank Schnabel, the founder of World Federation
of Hemophilia. The theme of this year is "Access for All: Women and Girls Bleed Too,"
highlighting an often overlooked reality.
143. The "Mukhyamantri Majhi Ladki Bahin Yojana" was launched by which state government?
[A] Madhya Pradesh
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Odisha
[D] Rajasthan
Answer: Maharashtra
The Maharashtra government has reduced the stipend for about eight lakh women under
the Mukhya Mantri Majhi Ladki Bahin Yojana. These women also receive benefits from the
Namo Shetkari Mahasanman Nidhi (NSMN) scheme. Under the revised rule, they will now
get Rs 500 per month instead of Rs 1,500 from the Majhi Ladki Bahin Yojana. This is
because they already receive Rs 1,000 monthly under the NSMN scheme. As per the
scheme rules, the total financial help from the government per woman cannot exceed Rs
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1,500. The Majhi Ladki Bahin Yojana was launched in 2024 to support women across
Maharashtra.
144. Which state has ranked first in India for implementing the PM Micro Food Processing
Enterprises Upgradation Scheme (PMFME)?
[A] Madhya Pradesh
[B] Gujarat
[C] Bihar
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh has ranked first in India for implementing the Pradhan Mantri Micro Food
Processing Enterprises Upgradation Scheme (PMFME). The average loan approval time in
Uttar Pradesh is 101 days, compared to 110 days in Bihar and 190 days in Telangana. Uttar
Pradesh has achieved a 14% growth in loan disbursement under the scheme. The state
spent Rs 250 crore more than in 2024. For the year 2025–26, the budget for Uttar Pradesh
increased by 56%, with an additional Rs 300 crore allocated. The PMFME scheme was
launched in 2020 under the Atmanirbhar Abhiyaan to support micro food enterprises.
145. Which Indian city is the host of WAVES (World Audio Visual and Entertainment Summit) 2025?
[A] Hyderabad
[B] Mumbai
[C] Chennai
[D] Bengaluru
Answer: Mumbai
The Anti-Piracy Challenge is a key initiative under the Create in India Challenge, launched
as part of WAVES (World Audio Visual and Entertainment Summit) 2025. It is organized by
the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. The first World Audio
Visual and Entertainment Summit (WAVES) will be hosted by the Government of India in
Mumbai, Maharashtra, from May 1 to 4, 2025. The challenge focuses on promoting
technologies like digital fingerprinting and watermarking to tackle online piracy. WAVES
2025 is a global platform that showcases innovation in broadcasting, films, television,
radio, animation, gaming, comics, and advertising.
146. What is the IUCN conservation status of "Mugger Crocodile" that was recently seen in news?
[A] Critically Endangered
[B] Endangered
[C] Vulnerable
[D] Least Concern
Answer: Vulnerable
The Tamil Nadu Forest Department has recently conducted a survey to map the
population of mugger crocodiles in the state. The mugger crocodile, also called the marsh
crocodile, is one of the 24 living species of crocodilians in the world. It lives in freshwater
habitats like marshes, lakes, rivers, and even artificial ponds. In India, it is found in 15
states, with large populations in the middle Ganges basin in Bihar and Jharkhand, and the
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Chambal basin in Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, and Rajasthan. It is also found in South Asian
countries like Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, and south-eastern Iran. According to
the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, the mugger crocodile
is classified as Vulnerable.
147. Recently, a rare golden tabby tiger has been spotted at which national park in Assam?
[A] Kaziranga National Park
[B] Manas National Park
[C] Orang National Park
[D] Dehing Patkai National Park
Answer: Kaziranga National Park
A rare golden tiger, also called a golden tabby tiger, was recently seen and photographed
in Kaziranga National Park in Assam. The golden tiger is not a separate subspecies but a
rare colour variant of the Bengal tiger caused by a genetic mutation. This mutation affects
the production of black pigment, giving the tiger a pale golden coat with light orange
stripes. Only four golden tigers are known to exist in the wild, and all are found in
Kaziranga National Park. Their presence highlights the rich biodiversity and conservation
success of the park.
148. Recently, which international naval force under Operation ATALANTA has proposed a joint
naval exercise with the Indian Navy?
[A] NATO Standing Naval Force
[B] Indonesian Navy
[C] African Maritime Task Force
[D] European Union Naval Force
Answer: European Union Naval Force
The European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) under Operation ATALANTA has proposed a
joint naval exercise with the Indian Navy. The exercise is planned to take place around the
end of May 2025 in the Western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. The main aim is to
strengthen maritime cooperation and coordination between European forces and the
Indian Navy. The proposal comes due to rising piracy and instability in the Red Sea region,
especially near the Horn of Africa. Unlike regular Passage Exercises (PASSEX), this drill will
include tactical manoeuvres, counter-piracy actions, and communication training.
Operation ATALANTA, launched in 2008, is the European Union’s mission to fight piracy
near Somalia.
149. What is "K2-18b" that was recently seen in news?
[A] Asteroid
[B] Exoplanet
[C] Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV)
[D] Newly discovered invasive weed
Answer: Exoplanet
Scientists have found strong signs of possible extraterrestrial life on the exoplanet K2-18b,
located 124 light years from Earth in the Leo constellation. This is the second and more
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promising detection of life-related chemicals in the planet’s atmosphere. The findings

were made using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), launched in December 2021.
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is the most powerful space observatory, built by
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), European Space Agency (ESA),
and Canadian Space Agency (CSA). A team from Cambridge University, led by Professor
Nikku Madhusudhan, studied the planet’s atmosphere. They found chemical traces of
dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS). On Earth, these gases are
produced only by marine phytoplankton and some bacteria. This raises the possibility of
biological activity on K2-18b.
150. World Heritage Day is observed annually on which day?
[A] April 17
[B] April 18
[C] April 19
[D] April 20
Answer: April 18
World Heritage Day, also called the International Day for Monuments and Sites, is
observed on April 18 each year. It aims to promote the preservation of cultural and
natural heritage. The day has been recognized by the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) since 1983 and is organized by the
International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS). The theme for 2025 is "Heritage
under Threat from Disasters and Conflicts," emphasizing preparedness and resilience.
151. Dal Lake, that was recently seen in news, is surrounded by which mountain range?
[A] Pir Panjal Range
[B] Karakoram Range
[C] Shivalik Range
[D] Dhauladhar Range
Answer: Pir Panjal Range
A tourist shikara recently overturned in Dal Lake, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir due to
strong winds, throwing a tourist family and a boatman into the water. Dal Lake is a mid-
altitude urban lake in Srinagar, surrounded by the Pir Panjal mountains. It plays a major
role in Kashmir’s tourism and is often called the “Jewel in the crown of Kashmir” or
“Srinagar’s Jewel.” The lake is also known as the Lake of Flowers. The lake is also famous
for its floating market, where vendors use wooden boats called shikaras to sell goods to
tourists.
152. Which state has launched a pilot Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) project in collaboration with IIT
Bombay?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Kerala
[C] Maharashtra
[D] Gujarat
Answer: Kerala

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The Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) and Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT
Bombay) have launched a pilot Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) project in Kerala. Vehicle-to-Grid
(V2G) is a technology that allows Electric Vehicles (EVs) to send stored power back to the
grid when not in use. V2G is the most studied application, though it is part of a broader
framework including Vehicle to Home (V2H) and Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) systems.
153. International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) is implemented through which agency in India?
[A] Central Zoo Authority
[B] Wildlife Institute of India
[C] National Tiger Conservation Authority
[D] None of the Above
Answer: National Tiger Conservation Authority
The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) has officially signed an agreement with the
Government of India to set up its headquarters and secretariat in India. IBCA was
launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in April 2023 during the 50th anniversary of
Project Tiger. It was formally approved by the Union Cabinet in February 2024. IBCA is
implemented by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) under the Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC). The alliance aims to protect seven
major big cat species: Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Puma, Jaguar, and Cheetah.
154. Cradle of Humankind, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is located in which country?
[A] South Africa
[B] Chile
[C] France
[D] Indonesia
Answer: South Africa
The Cradle of Humankind in South Africa has reopened to the public after being closed for
three years due to flooding. It is a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site known for its underground limestone caves. It
is located near Johannesburg, South Africa. It includes several significant sites such as
Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai, and Taung Skull Fossil Site. The site provides critical
scientific insight into human evolution, dating back over 3.5 million years.
155. Which state has become the first in India to launch Online Permanent Lok Adalat Services?
[A] Telangana
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Kerala
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Kerala
Kerala has become the first state in India to launch Online Permanent Lok Adalat Services.
Permanent Lok Adalat is organized under Section 22-B of the Legal Services Authorities
Act, 1987. It has the same powers as a Civil Court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.
It acts as a compulsory pre-litigation mechanism for conciliation and settlement of
disputes related to Public Utility Services like transport, postal, and telegraph. The
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judgment given is final and binding on all the parties involved.

156. Which ministry has organized the Rashtriya Karmayogi Jan Seva Programme?
[A] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
[B] Ministry of Ayush
[C] Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
[D] Ministry of Home Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Ayush
The Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy (Ayush)
organized the Rashtriya Karmayogi Jan Seva Programme. It was held in collaboration with
the Capacity Building Commission under the Mission Karmayogi framework. The first
phase was inaugurated by Vaidya Rajesh Kotecha, Secretary, Ministry of Ayush, who
stressed the need for an efficient and responsive workforce. The second phase was led by
Programme Director Dr. Subodh Kumar and facilitator Ms. Shipra Singh using an
interactive format with discussions and team activities. Sessions focused on self-
awareness, motivation, leadership, and practical applications through case studies from
Ayush initiatives. The aim was to improve public service delivery and individual
responsibility among officials.
157. Which state government has launched the 'Mahila Samvad Rath' campaign to promote
women empowerment in the state?
[A] Bihar
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Karnataka
[D] Tamil Nadu
Answer: Bihar
Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar launched the 'Mahila Samvad Rath' campaign to
promote women empowerment in the state. The campaign involves 600 specially
designed promotional vehicles called "raths" or chariots. These raths will travel to more
than 70,000 locations across Bihar. The aim is to empower over two crore women by
spreading awareness and supporting their social and economic development. This
initiative reflects the government's strong focus on inclusive growth and gender equality.
158. Mahadev Koli Tribe is primarily found in which state?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Odisha
[C] Jharkhand
[D] Bihar
Answer: Maharashtra
A recent study shows that the Mahadev Koli tribe holds rich medicinal and ecological
knowledge useful for global climate resilience. The Mahadev Koli tribe is primarily found in
the state of Maharashtra. They are named after their god Mahadev and live mainly in the
Mahadev hills of Maharashtra. They are mostly found in Pune, Ahmednagar, and Nasik
districts and are classified as a Scheduled Tribe. They speak Marathi using the Devanagari
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script and have twenty-four exogamous clans, using clan names as surnames. They know
over 50 native tree species used for traditional medicine. Tanaji Malusare, a heroic general
in Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj’s army, belonged to this tribe and is known for his bravery
in the Battle of Sinhagad.
159. What is the name of the initiative recently launched by BRICS nations to combat land
degradation and soil fertility loss?
[A] BRICS Land Restoration Partnership
[B] BRICS Green Deal
[C] BRICS Sustainable Farming Alliance
[D] BRICS Soil Health Mission
Answer: BRICS Land Restoration Partnership
BRICS nations launched the BRICS Land Restoration Partnership to tackle land
degradation, desertification, and soil fertility loss across 11 member countries. The
announcement was made during the 15th BRICS Agriculture Ministers’ meeting held in
Brasilia, Brazil. This was the first agriculture meeting of the expanded BRICS, which now
includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, United Arab Emirates
(UAE), Iran, Indonesia, and Saudi Arabia. India was represented by Union Minister of
Agriculture and Rural Development Shivraj Singh Chouhan. BRICS countries together
represent 47% of the global population and contribute 36% of the world’s Gross Domestic
Product (GDP). The meeting supported fair agricultural trade, stable global prices, and
better returns for small farmers.
160. Recently, where were the rare fossils of the extinct Stegodon Ganesa found?
[A] Gujarat
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Maharashtra
[D] Kerala
Answer: Maharashtra
Rare fossils of the extinct Stegodon Ganesa have been discovered in the Wardha-
Penganga riverbed, Maharashtra. Stegodon Ganesa was an ancient elephant species and
is considered the ancestor of present-day Asiatic elephants. The fossils are estimated to be
25,000 years old and date back to the late Pleistocene period. A unique feature of
Stegodon Ganesa was its long tusks that were placed so close together there was no
space for a trunk between them. The Penganga River, which is 676 kilometres long, starts
from the Ajantha ranges in Aurangabad district, Maharashtra. It flows along the border of
Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh before merging with the Wardha River.
161. Which coal PSU has become the first in India to adopt Paste Fill Technology in underground
mining?
[A] Eastern Coalfields Limited (ECL)
[B] Central Coalfields Limited (CCL)
[C] Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL)
[D] South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL)

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Answer: South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL)
South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL) has become the first coal Public Sector
Undertaking (PSU) in India to adopt Paste Fill Technology in underground mining. Paste
Fill Technology is a modern method used in underground mining to fill the empty spaces
left after coal extraction. The paste used is made by mixing crushed overburden from
opencast mines, fly ash, cement, water, and binding chemicals. This technique eliminates
the need for acquiring additional surface land. It also helps prevent land subsidence,
making mining operations more environmentally friendly and safe.
162. Lower Subansiri Hydroelectric Project (LSHP), that was recently seen in news, is located on the
borders of which two states?
[A] Manipur and Tripura
[B] Arunachal Pradesh and Assam
[C] Assam and Meghalaya
[D] Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh and Assam
The National Hydro Power Corporation (NHPC) plans to generate power from the 2000
megawatt Lower Subansiri Hydroelectric Project (LSHP), raising concerns about its impact
downstream in Assam. The LSHP is a run-of-the-river project built on the Subansiri River, a
tributary of the Brahmaputra, at the border of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam. It features a
116-meter-high concrete gravity dam from the riverbed and 130 meters from the
foundation, with a length of 284 meters. The reservoir has a total storage capacity of 1.37
cubic kilometers. The powerhouse has eight surface-mounted 250 megawatt Francis
turbines on the river's left bank.
163. What is the name of initiative launched by Union Home Minister to tackle liver diseases across
India?
[A] HEALD
[B] LIVERLINE
[C] FITLIVER
[D] LIVSAFE
Answer: HEALD
The Union Home Minister launched the HEALD (Healthy Liver Education and Alcohol-
associated Liver Disease Prevention) initiative to fight liver diseases in India. HEALD is the
first nationwide program focused on liver disease and was started by the Institute of Liver
and Biliary Sciences (ILBS). It combines public education, early screening, and medical and
psychological care for alcohol-related liver issues. The initiative focuses on awareness,
prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and policy support. It also addresses mental health,
community support, and reducing stigma around alcohol dependence. The idea is to
never miss a chance to prevent liver failure through early action and education.
164. Which Indian shipyard designed and built INS Sunayna?
[A] Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders
[B] Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers
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[C] Hindustan Shipyard Limited
[D] Goa Shipyard Limited
Answer: Goa Shipyard Limited
Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sunayna, deployed as part of Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) Security and
Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR), arrived at Nacala Port in Mozambique. INS Sunayna
is the second Saryu-class offshore patrol vessel of the Indian Navy. It was designed and
built indigenously by Goa Shipyard Limited. The ship was commissioned on 15th October
2013 at Kochi and is based under the Southern Naval Command. It is meant for fleet
support, coastal and offshore patrol, ocean surveillance, sea line monitoring, and escort
duties. IOS SAGAR is a strategic Indian initiative to promote cooperation among navies
and maritime agencies in the Southwest Indian Ocean Region.
165. Mukhya Mantri Ladli Behna Yojana was launched by which state government?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Bihar
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
The Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister announced that funds under the Ladli Behna Yojana
will now be transferred from Mandla district and disbursed regularly around the 15th of
each month. Ladli Behna Yojana is a scheme launched by the Madhya Pradesh
Government on 28th January 2023. The main aim of this scheme is to economically
empower the women of Madhya Pradesh. So far, ₹1553 crore has been transferred
directly to the bank accounts of 1.27 crore women beneficiaries. With the amount
increased to ₹3000 per month, more women will benefit and improve their financial
condition.
166. The Police Army Recruitment Training and Hunar (PARTH) scheme is an initiative of which
state government?
[A] Rajasthan
[B] Gujarat
[C] Odisha
[D] Madhya Pradesh
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
The Parth Scheme, also known as Police Army Recruitment Training and Hunar (PARTH), is
an initiative by the Madhya Pradesh Government to help youth prepare for careers in the
police and army. It will be implemented by the Sports and Youth Welfare Department
from 1st May 2025 as a pilot project. The pilot will run in nine major cities: Bhopal,
Jabalpur, Gwalior, Rewa, Morena, Shahdol, Sagar, Indore, and Ujjain. The scheme was first
launched in January 2025. Fifty youth will be selected from each city, benefiting a total of
450 youth. It will offer full training for recruitment in the army, police, and paramilitary
forces.
167. What is Parkinson’s disease that was recently mentioned in news?
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[A] A neurodegenerative disorder
[B] A cardiovascular disease
[C] An autoimmune disorder
[D] A respiratory disease
Answer: A neurodegenerative disorder
Researchers at Kyoto University conducted a Phase I/II clinical trial to evaluate the safety
and side effects of stem cell therapy using dopaminergic progenitors derived from human
induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative
disorder causing the loss of dopamine-producing neurons, which are vital for motor
functions. Conventional treatment involves dopaminergic medications, but these do not
restore lost neurons and may cause long-term side effects. Induced pluripotent stem cells
(iPSCs) are derived from adult somatic cells and reprogrammed to develop into any
human cell type. iPSCs are used in treating diseases like diabetes, leukemia, and
neurological disorders, and are important in drug testing and disease modeling.
168. What is the name of India’s first satellite that recently marked its 50th year of launch?
[A] Chandrayaan
[B] Aryabhata
[C] INSAT-1A
[D] Surya
Answer: Aryabhata
Aryabhata, launched on April 19, 1975, was India’s first indigenously-built satellite, named
after the ancient Indian mathematician and astronomer Aryabhata. The satellite was
launched with Soviet assistance from Kapustin Yar. Aryabhata made India one of the 11
countries capable of sending satellites into orbit. It was designed for solar physics and X-
ray astronomy experiments but faced a power failure after five days. Despite this,
Aryabhata transmitted data for several more days and remained in orbit for nearly 17
years. The launch of Aryabhata laid the foundation for India’s growing space program,
marking 50 years of India’s space achievements in 2025.
169. Namdapha Tiger Reserve is located in which state?
[A] Arunachal Pradesh
[B] Assam
[C] Manipur
[D] Mizoram
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh
The National Board for Wildlife (NBWL) standing committee has deferred approval for the
Arunachal Frontier Highway through the core zone of Namdapha Tiger Reserve.
Namdapha Tiger Reserve is located in Changlang District of Arunachal Pradesh, bordering
Myanmar to the southeast. It shares a boundary with Kamlang Wildlife Sanctuary. The
reserve lies between the Dapha Bum ridge of the Mishmi Hills and the Patkai Ranges in
the North Eastern Himalayas. Its vegetation includes Northern Tropical Evergreen Forest,
North Indian Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests, East Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests,

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and Moist Alpine Scrub Forests.

170. Which state is home to India’s first Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR)?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Tamil Nadu
[C] Kerala
[D] Andhra Pradesh
Answer: Tamil Nadu
India’s first Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam in Tamil Nadu is expected
to be commissioned next year. It marks a major step in the second stage of India’s three-
stage nuclear power programme. The PFBR is a 500 Megawatt electric (MWe) sodium-
cooled reactor that uses fast neutrons instead of slow neutrons. It was developed by
Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited (BHAVINI), set up in 2003 under the
Department of Atomic Energy (DAE).
171. INS Chennai, that was recently seen in news, is part of which class of Indian Navy ships?
[A] Talwar-class
[B] Kolkata-class
[C] Shivalik-class
[D] Rajput-class
Answer: Kolkata-class
Indian Navy ships INS Chennai and INS Kesari successfully performed manoeuvring
exercises and Visit, Board, Search and Seizure (VBSS) drills during the sea phase of Africa
India Key Maritime Engagement (AIKEYME) 2025. INS Chennai is the third and final ship of
the Kolkata-class stealth-guided missile destroyers under Project 15A. The first two ships
of this class were INS Kolkata and INS Kochi. INS Chennai was built by Mazagon Dock
Limited (MDL) in Mumbai. It was commissioned into the Indian Navy on November 21,
2016. It operates under the Western Naval Command, ensuring security in the Arabian
Sea region.
172. The Sapsan is a tactical ballistic missile system developed by which country?
[A] Ukraine
[B] Russia
[C] France
[D] Australia
Answer: Ukraine
The Russian Ministry of Defence has, for the first time, acknowledged the threat from
Ukraine’s new short-range ballistic missile called Sapsan. The Sapsan, also known as
Hrim-2 or Grom-2, is a tactical ballistic missile system developed by Ukraine. It combines
features of both a tactical missile system and a multiple rocket launcher for flexible
battlefield use. The export version of the Hrim-2 missile is capable of hitting fixed targets,
both individual and group-based. Its range varies from 50 to 280 kilometers, making it
effective for short-range precision strikes.
173. Which four countries have demonstrated operational Anti-Satellite (ASAT) capabilities through
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tests as of April 2025?
[A] Russia, France, Japan, India
[B] United States, Germany, Israel, India
[C] United States, Russia, China, India
[D] United States, United Kingdom, China, India
Answer: United States, Russia, China, India
India is seen as a major contributor to setting global rules for responsible space behavior,
as stated by Marjolijn van Deelen, European Union (EU) Special Envoy for Space, at the
Global Technology Summit. Anti-Satellite (ASAT) weapons are used to disable or destroy
satellites for strategic defense purposes. These weapons can disrupt satellites used for
surveillance, communication, navigation, or early warning. ASATs are divided into Kinetic
Energy ASATs, which destroy satellites by direct impact, and Non-Kinetic ASATs, which use
methods like cyber-attacks or lasers. ASATs can be launched from the ground, aircraft, or
even other satellites. So far, the United States, Russia, China, and India have tested ASAT
weapons. India’s ASAT test, called Mission Shakti, was carried out in March 2019 by hitting
a satellite in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at 300 km altitude.
174. National Civil Services Day is observed every year on which day?
[A] April 19
[B] April 20
[C] April 21
[D] April 22
Answer: April 21
National Civil Services Day is observed every year on April 21 by the Government of India
to honour the dedication of civil servants who serve the nation. It was first celebrated in
2006 and marks the day in 1947 when Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel called civil servants the
“steel frame of India”. Patel addressed Administrative Services probationers at Metcalf
House, Delhi, emphasizing the true spirit of public service. On this day, the Prime Minister
of India gives the Prime Minister’s (PM) Awards for Excellence in Public Administration.
These awards recognise outstanding work by officers in areas like innovation and district
development. This year marks the 17th Civil Services Day, with Prime Minister Shri
Narendra Modi addressing officers at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.
175. BrahMos missile is jointly developed by India and which country?
[A] France
[B] Russia
[C] Germany
[D] Australia
Answer: Russia
India has sent a second batch of batteries of the BrahMos missile system to the
Philippines. BrahMos is a long-range supersonic cruise missile jointly developed by India
and Russia. It can be launched from land, sea, and air platforms. It has a two-stage
propulsion system. The first stage is a solid propellant booster that provides the initial

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supersonic speed. The second stage is a liquid ramjet that takes the missile close to a
speed of 3 Mach during the cruise phase. It has a range of up to 290 kilometers. It uses
"Fire and Forget" technology, which does not require further guidance after launch. It has
shorter flight times, which means quicker target engagement and low dispersion.
176. What is the main objective of the Lucy mission?
[A] To explore Saturn’s rings
[B] To study black holes
[C] To explore Jupiter Trojan asteroids
[D] None of the Above
Answer: To explore Jupiter Trojan asteroids
NASA’s Lucy spacecraft was launched in 2021 to explore Jupiter’s Trojan asteroids. The
mission is named after the famous fossilized human ancestor "Lucy" discovered in
Ethiopia in 1974. Lucy is the first space mission to study the Jupiter Trojan asteroids, which
are ancient remnants from the early solar system. These asteroids travel in two swarms
that move ahead of and behind Jupiter in its orbit around the Sun. The total mission
duration is planned for 12 years. It aims to help scientists understand the origin and
evolution of our solar system.
177. Which state government has launched the "Mukhya Sevak Samvad" scheme to directly
communicate with beneficiaries of government schemes?
[A] Odisha
[B] Haryana
[C] Gujarat
[D] Uttarakhand
Answer: Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami launched the "Mukhya Sevak Samvad"
scheme to directly communicate with beneficiaries of government schemes and assess
their ground-level implementation. The initiative aims to understand beneficiaries'
experiences and evaluate the success of these schemes.
178. Which wildlife sanctuary has become the second cheetah site after Kuno National Park?
[A] Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary
[B] Mayureshwar Wildlife Sanctuary
[C] Govind Wildlife Sanctuary
[D] Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary
Answer: Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary
Two cheetahs named Prabhas and Pawak were released into Gandhi Sagar Wildlife
Sanctuary by Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister (CM) Mohan Yadav. Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary,
spread across 64 square kilometers in Mandsaur and Neemuch districts, is now the
second cheetah site after Kuno in Madhya Pradesh. The sanctuary is divided by the
Chambal River and has a rich prey base including chinkaras, hare, chitals, and nilgai.
Madhya Pradesh now plans to bring eight more cheetahs from Botswana in two phases —
four by May 2025 and four later. With this relocation, Kuno now has 24 cheetahs — 14
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roaming freely and 10 in enclosures.

179. Ras Isa Port, that was recently seen in news, is located in which country?
[A] Ukraine
[B] Iran
[C] Iraq
[D] Yemen
Answer: Yemen
United States (US) air strikes on Yemen’s Ras Isa oil port have killed at least 80 people. Ras
Isa Port is located on the Ras al-Mashawn Peninsula in Yemen. It lies along the Gulf of
Aden, about 35 kilometers west of the city of Al Mahrah. The Marib–Ras Isa oil pipeline is a
vital part of Yemen’s energy network. This pipeline connects the inland oil fields of Marib
to the Ras Isa Marine Terminal on the Red Sea. The port plays a major role in Yemen’s oil
exports and overall economic stability.
180. A rare and nearly complete fossil of Alamosaurus was recently discovered in which country?
[A] United States of America (USA)
[B] China
[C] France
[D] United Kingdom (UK)
Answer: United States of America (USA)
A rare and nearly complete fossil of Alamosaurus was recently discovered by geology
students at Big Bend National Park in the United States of America. Alamosaurus was one
of the largest herbivorous dinosaurs and lived during the late Cretaceous period around
100.5 to 66 million years ago. It was a sauropod with a long neck, long tail, and pillar-like
legs, and had armoured spikes on its back for protection. Alamosaurus is the only known
sauropod from North America’s Upper Cretaceous period and was the largest land animal
in the region at that time. It stood about 11 meters tall, stretched 30.5 meters long, and
weighed up to 80 metric tons, rivaling the size of Argentinosaurus from South America.
Alamosaurus went extinct during the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, making it
one of the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist.
181. Sayoni Das recently became the first Asian woman to swim across which famous strait?
[A] Palk Strait
[B] Strait of Hormuz
[C] Strait of Gibraltar
[D] Bosporus Strait
Answer: Strait of Gibraltar
Sayoni Das, a swimmer from Bengal, recently became the first Asian woman to
successfully cross the Strait of Gibraltar. The Strait of Gibraltar is a narrow body of water
that separates Europe from Africa and connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic
Ocean. It is bordered by Spain and the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar in the north,
and by Morocco and the Spanish enclave of Ceuta in the south. The strait is around 58
kilometres long and narrows to about 13 kilometres at its tightest point. The eastern end
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features the famous Pillars of Heracles — the Rock of Gibraltar and Mount Hacho.
182. Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) operates under which ministry?
[A] Ministry of Textiles
[B] Ministry of Rural Development
[C] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[D] Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Answer: Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Recently, the Khadi and Village Industries sector achieved its highest-ever turnover of ₹1.7
lakh crore, marking a major milestone. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission
(KVIC) played a key role in this achievement. KVIC is a statutory body set up under the
Khadi and Village Industries Commission Act of 1956. It operates under the Ministry of
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. KVIC’s main aim is to promote rural development by
supporting khadi, which is hand-spun and hand-woven cloth, and other village industries.
It also focuses on generating employment in rural areas.
183. Which state recently celebrated the Garia and Borsho Boron Utsav?
[A] Tripura
[B] Assam
[C] Nagaland
[D] Mizoram
Answer: Tripura
Recently, Tripura's Chief Minister Manik Saha inaugurated the ‘Garia and Borsho Boron
Utsav’ 2025 in Agartala’s Swami Vivekananda Maidan, celebrating Tripura’s cultural
heritage. The event was organized by the Department of Information and Cultural Affairs
along with other government departments. The festival is very important for the
Kokborok-speaking Tripuri community, just like Durga Puja is for the Bengali community.
It features the traditional Garia Puja, which is a tribal ritual seeking blessings for
prosperity. Cultural dances, music by indigenous artists, and traditional food stalls are
major highlights.
184. What is the main objective of the BharatNet project?
[A] To provide high-speed internet to urban areas
[B] To provide affordable high-speed internet to every Gram Panchayat
[C] To improve telecommunications in metro cities
[D] To establish global satellite communication
Answer: To provide affordable high-speed internet to every Gram Panchayat
As of March 2025, over 2.18 lakh Gram Panchayats (GPs) in India have become service-
ready under the BharatNet project. BharatNet was launched by the Government of India
in October 2011 under the Ministry of Communications. The project aims to provide
affordable, high-speed internet access to every Gram Panchayat across the country.
BharatNet is the world’s largest rural broadband connectivity initiative. The initiative is
crucial for bridging the digital divide and enhancing access to online services in rural
areas.
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185. Which state has become the first in India to complete a detailed antiquities survey at the
village level?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Kerala
[C] Telangana
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Karnataka
Recently, Karnataka became the first Indian state to complete a detailed antiquities survey
at the village level. The Department of Archaeology is surveying 119 taluks to document
antiquities like inscriptions, sculptures, and monuments. Geo-tagging is used to digitally
mark and track the exact locations of these heritage items. A proposal is being prepared
to add 110 new monuments to the protected list, aiming to safeguard 1,000 more in
future. Karnataka faces challenges like lack of resources and coordination in preserving
over 25,000 monuments. The ‘Adopt a Monument’ scheme uses Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) funds to support heritage upkeep.
186. The World Creativity and Innovation Day (WCID) is observed on which day?
[A] April 21
[B] April 22
[C] April 23
[D] April 24
Answer: April 21
Recently, World Creativity and Innovation Day (WCID) was observed on April 21st, as
designated by the United Nations (UN). The UN officially recognized WCID on April 27,
2017, linking it to the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. It highlights the key role of
creativity and innovation in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). WCID was
founded by Marci Segal in 2001 to promote creative thinking for community benefit. It
encourages solving problems through innovation, helping drive economic, social, and
sustainable change. The day reminds us that human creativity is essential for building
solutions to global challenges.
187. Gonorrhoea disease, that was recently seen in news, is caused by which agent?
[A] Virus
[B] Fungus
[C] Bacteria
[D] Protozoa
Answer: Bacteria
Recently, a new oral antibiotic called gepotidacin showed promising results against drug-
resistant gonorrhoea. Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection (STI), also known as a
sexually transmitted disease (STD). It is caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae and
is sometimes called ‘the clap’. It is especially common in teenagers and young adults aged
15 to 24. Gepotidacin offers new hope in treating this infection, which is becoming harder
to cure with existing antibiotics.

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188. The Sahyog portal is an initiative of which ministry?
[A] Ministry of Defence
[B] Ministry of Science and Technology
[C] Ministry of Home Affairs
[D] Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
Answer: Ministry of Home Affairs
Recently, under the Sahyog portal led by the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre
(I4C), the government issued 130 content notices to platforms like Google, YouTube,
Amazon, Apple, and Microsoft in the past 6 months. The Sahyog portal is an initiative of
the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and helps manage content removal requests
efficiently. These notices are issued under Section 79(3)(b) of the Information Technology
(IT) Act, 2000. They are different from orders under Section 69(A) of the IT Act, which deals
with censorship. If platforms ignore such notices, they may lose safe harbour protection,
which shields them from legal action over user content.
189. Kokborok is recognized as one of the official state languages of which state?
[A] Tripura
[B] Mizoram
[C] Nagaland
[D] Manipur
Answer: Tripura
Recently, Kokborok Sahitya Parishad, an indigenous linguistic organisation, demanded the
inclusion of Kokborok language in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution of India with a
native script, preferably Devanagari or Bengali. Kokborok is the language of the Borok
people and has been an official language of Tripura since 1979, along with Bengali and
English. The word Kokborok means “the language of man” or “the language of the Borok
people”. It belongs to the Tibeto-Burman group of languages under the Sino-Tibetan
family. It is closely related to Bodo and Dimasa languages of Assam and is written in
Devanagari, Bengali, and Roman scripts.
190. What is the position of India in the medal tally at the International Shooting Sport Federation
(ISSF) World Cup Lima 2025?
[A] First
[B] Second
[C] Third
[D] Fourth
Answer: Third
Recently, Indian shooters ended their campaign at the International Shooting Sport
Federation (ISSF) World Cup Lima 2025 with seven medals. These included two gold, four
silver, and one bronze, placing India third behind China and the United States of America
(USA) in the medal tally. The ISSF World Cup for Rifle and Shotgun was held in Lima, the
capital city of Peru, from April 13 to 22, 2025. This was the second ISSF World Cup of 2025,
following the first event in Buenos Aires, Argentina, held from April 1 to 10, 2025.

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191. Arun-3 Hydroelectric Project, that was recently seen in news, is located in which country?
[A] Bhutan
[B] Nepal
[C] Bangladesh
[D] Myanmar
Answer: Nepal
India and Nepal recently inaugurated the start of electromechanical works at the Arun-3
Hydroelectric Project to ensure its timely completion. The Arun-3 Hydroelectric Project is
located on the Arun River, a tributary of the Kosi River, in Sankhuwasabha District of
eastern Nepal. It is a 900 Megawatt (MW) Run-of-River scheme, which means it uses the
river's natural flow without needing a large reservoir.
192. National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) operates under which
ministry?
[A] Ministry of Jal Shakti
[B] Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
[C] Ministry of Science and Technology
[D] Ministry of Earth Sciences
Answer: Ministry of Science and Technology
The Supreme Court of India recently directed the National Environmental Engineering
Research Institute (NEERI) to assess the impact of nearby glass industries on the Taj Mahal
in Agra, Uttar Pradesh. The CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute
(CSIR-NEERI) is a premier research body under the Council of Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR). Initially, it focused on water supply, sewage disposal, communicable and
occupational diseases, and industrial pollution. Its core aim is to support pollution control,
environmental management, and sustainable development. NEERI operates under the
Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. Its headquarters is located in
Nagpur, Maharashtra.
193. Which ministry launched the ‘AI Careers for Women’ initiative?
[A] Ministry of Women and Child Development
[B] Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
[C] Ministry of Education
[D] Ministry of Science and Technology
Answer: Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
The Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE), in partnership with
Microsoft, launched the ‘AI Careers for Women’ initiative on April 22, 2025. The program
aims to train 20,000 women from Tier-II and Tier-III towns across six Indian states in
Artificial Intelligence (AI). It focuses on empowering women with digital skills, leadership
abilities, and entrepreneurship knowledge. A 240-hour curriculum has been developed in
collaboration with the National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET).
Training will be delivered using the Hub-and-Spoke model, with 30 Centres of Excellence
and 150 spoke centers. The initiative promotes digital inclusion and bridges the gender

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gap in tech fields.

194. Which state government has launched the One Time Settlement Scheme (OTS) to provide
relief to farmers and small entrepreneurs?
[A] Rajasthan
[B] Punjab
[C] Gujarat
[D] Bihar
Answer: Rajasthan
The Rajasthan government has launched the One Time Settlement Scheme (OTS) to
provide relief to farmers and small entrepreneurs while strengthening the financial
position of land development banks. Announced in the 2025-26 budget, the first phase of
the scheme will run from May 1 to September 30, 2025. The scheme applies to loans
disbursed by the Rajasthan Minorities Finance and Development Cooperative Corporation
Limited (RMFDCC), overdue by March 31, 2024.
195. 'Khongjom Day' is celebrated in which state/UT?
[A] Manipur
[B] Assam
[C] Nagaland
[D] Ladakh
Answer: Manipur
The Manipur Government is observing Khongjom Day today, April 23, at the Khongjom
War Memorial Complex in Khebaching, Thoubal district. Khongjom Day is held every year
to honour the bravery and sacrifice of Manipuri heroes in the Anglo-Manipuri War of 1891.
The Governor of Manipur, Ajay Kumar Bhalla, is the Chief Guest, and Chief Secretary
Prasant Kumar Singh is presiding over the event. The event starts with Sankirtan, followed
by floral tributes to fallen heroes and Major Paona Brajabashi.
196. What is the name of the world’s first market-based scheme designed specifically to control
particulate air pollution?
[A] Gujarat Clean Air Mission
[B] Particulate Pollution Trading Program
[C] Surat Emissions Trading Scheme
[D] India Clean Emissions Project
Answer: Surat Emissions Trading Scheme
The Surat Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) is the world’s first market-based system created
to control particulate air pollution and was launched in 2019. ETS is a regulatory tool that
sets a cap on total emissions and allows industries to trade emission permits, also known
as the “cap-and-trade” system. Companies that pollute less can sell their extra permits to
those that exceed their limits, promoting cleaner operations through economic rewards.
The Surat ETS targets 342 high-emission industries, mostly in the textile sector, using fuels
like coal, lignite, and diesel. It was developed by the Gujarat Pollution Control Board
(GPCB) with support from the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL), Energy Policy

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Institute at the University of Chicago (EPIC), and Yale University. This scheme marks India’s
first emissions market for any pollutant and is significant as it addresses particulate
matter, not carbon dioxide.
197. The Mukhyamantri Kanya Vivaah Scheme in Madhya Pradesh has been implemented through
which mission?
[A] National Rural Livelihood Mission
[B] Deendayal Antyodaya Mission
[C] Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan
[D] Swabhiman Abhiyan
Answer: Deendayal Antyodaya Mission
The Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh recently approved changes to improve the
Mukhyamantri Kanya Vivaah/Nikah Scheme, making it more effective and transparent.
The scheme was started in 2006 by the Social Justice and Disabled Welfare Department of
the Madhya Pradesh Government. It is implemented through the Deendayal Antyodaya
Mission, which focuses on supporting poor and marginalized communities. The aim of the
scheme is to give financial help to poor, destitute, abandoned, and widowed girls. It does
this by organizing mass marriage and nikah (Muslim marriage) events. The recent
changes aim to ensure better monitoring and reach of the benefits.
198. Poas Volcano, that was recently seen in news, is an active volcano located in which country?
[A] Costa Rica
[B] Japan
[C] Indonesia
[D] Nicaragua
Answer: Costa Rica
The Poas volcano in Costa Rica, one of the country’s top tourist spots, erupted recently,
drawing global attention. It is one of the most active volcanoes in Costa Rica and is located
inside the Poás Volcano National Park. The volcano is a composite stratovolcano with an
irregular shape and a base covering around 400 square kilometers. It stands 2,708 meters
above sea level and features a huge main crater about 1.5 kilometers wide and 300
meters deep. This crater is one of the largest active volcanic craters in the world.
199. Recently, where were the two new freshwater fish species named Labeo uru and Labeo
chekida discovered in India?
[A] Western Ghats
[B] Northeastern
[C] Eastern Ghats
[D] Central India
Answer: Western Ghats
Researchers from the Centre for Peninsular Aquatic Genetic Resources, Kochi, under the
National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), discovered two new freshwater fish
species from the Western Ghats. These species are named Labeo uru and Labeo chekida,
and they help resolve a 150-year-old confusion over the identity of Labeo nigrescens, first

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described in 1870. Labeo uru, named after the traditional wooden dhow because of its
sail-like fins, was found in the Chandragiri river. Labeo chekida, locally called kaka chekida
for its dark body, was discovered in the Chalakudy river. The study confirmed Labeo
nigrescens as a separate species, noted for its kinked lateral line and unique scale
patterns. These findings highlight the Western Ghats as a major biodiversity hotspot, with
rivers possibly hosting many undiscovered species.
200. Where was the International Conference on Buddha Dharma and Culture of Northeast India
held?
[A] Assam
[B] Manipur
[C] Tripura
[D] Arunachal Pradesh
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh
The International Conference on “Buddha Dharma and Culture of Northeast India” was
held in Namsai, Arunachal Pradesh. It was organised by the International Buddhist
Confederation in partnership with Mahabodhi Maitri Mandala, under the Ministry of
Culture, Government of India (GoI). The event saw participation from Buddhist monks and
scholars from India, Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. Discussions
focused on the art, culture, and influence of Buddha Dhamma in Northeast India and its
ties with neighbouring countries. The aim was to let global scholars explore and
appreciate the Buddhist heritage of the region.
201. What is the name of the recent counter-infiltration operation conducted by the Indian Army in
Baramulla district?
[A] Operation Suraj
[B] Operation Tikka
[C] Operation Saryu
[D] Operation Suraksha
Answer: Operation Tikka
In a major counter-infiltration move after the Pahalgam terror attack, the Indian Army
recovered arms from Baramulla district, Jammu and Kashmir. The operation was called
Operation TIKKA and was led by the Chinar Corps. The army seized two AK-series rifles,
five magazines, one pistol, ten kilograms of RCIED (Remote-Controlled Improvised
Explosive Device), and other war-related items. This action followed intelligence reports of
Pakistani terrorists trying to cross the Line of Control (LOC) in the Uri sector.
202. Which country has launched the world’s first Thorium Molten Salt Reactor (TMSR)?
[A] Japan
[B] Russia
[C] France
[D] China
Answer: China
In a big step towards clean nuclear energy, China has launched the world’s first Thorium

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Molten Salt Reactor (TMSR) in Wuyi City, Gansu Province, located in the Gobi Desert. This
thorium-based reactor started in October 2023 and generates 2 megawatts (MW) of
electricity. The project received a $444 million investment since 2011 and is a major shift in
global nuclear innovation during China’s trade tensions with the United States (US). China
plans to build a 10 MW version by 2030, showing long-term goals in clean energy.
Thorium is safer than uranium, creates less radioactive waste, and cannot be easily used
for weapons. It must be turned into Uranium-233 (U-233) to be used in reactors, making it
complex but promising for safe and sustainable energy.
203. Which city has become home to India's first Quantum Computing Village?
[A] Surat, Gujarat
[B] Amravati, Andhra Pradesh
[C] Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
[D] Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Amravati, Andhra Pradesh
The Government of Andhra Pradesh is setting up India’s first Quantum Computing Village
in Amaravati to boost research and innovation. This project is supported by the Real-Time
Governance Society (RTGS) and will cover 50 acres of land. It aims to build a strong
ecosystem for quantum research, industry collaboration, and technology development.
The village will include an Iconic Building designed by IBM (International Business
Machines Corporation) with advanced quantum systems and a powerful data centre.
204. Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Dhruv is developed by which organization?
[A] Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
[B] Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
[C] Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
[D] Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
Answer: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
In response to the recent Pahalgam terror attack, the Indian Army has resumed limited
operations of the Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH) Dhruv in Anantnag. ALH-Dhruv is a
twin-engine utility helicopter developed indigenously by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
(HAL). The development began in 1984 with help from Germany's Messerschmitt-Bolkow-
Blohm (MBB). The helicopter had its first flight in 1992 and entered service after
certification in 2002. It is “type-certified” for military use by the Centre for Military
Airworthiness Certification and for civilian use by the Directorate General of Civil Aviation.
205. What is the theme for World Immunization Week 2025?
[A] Immunization for All is Humanly Possible
[B] The Big Catch-Up
[C] Long Life for All
[D] Vaccines bring us closer
Answer: Immunization for All is Humanly Possible
World Immunization Week 2025 is observed from 24 to 30 April by the World Health
Organisation (WHO). This global event is held every year in the last week of April to
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highlight the importance of immunization. The theme for this year is “Immunization for All
is Humanly Possible.” The theme focuses on making life-saving vaccines accessible to
everyone, regardless of age or location. According to WHO, in the last 50 years, essential
vaccines have saved at least 15 crore 40 lakh lives. The week serves as a reminder of the
power of vaccines to protect health and save lives.
206. Which institution hosted the International Conference “Shaping the Energy Future:
Challenges and Opportunities” (SEFCO-2025)?
[A] Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru
[B] CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP), Dehradun
[C] Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi
[D] National Institute of Technology (NIT), Trichy
Answer: CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP), Dehradun
The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Petroleum (CSIR-IIP),
Dehradun is hosting the International Conference “Shaping the Energy Future: Challenges
and Opportunities” (SEFCO-2025) from 23 to 25 April 2025. This is the 7th edition of SEFCO,
which was first held in 2017. SEFCO-2025 has now grown into an international event with
global participation. The conference focuses on solving key issues in the energy and
chemical sector. It aims to support a sustainable energy future by exploring both
challenges and new possibilities. The theme for SEFCO-2025 is “Catalysing a Sustainable
Future with Affordable Energy and Chemicals.”
207. Which institute has developed the new optical sensing platform for detecting cholesterol?
[A] Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru
[B] Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati
[C] All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi
[D] None of the Above
Answer: Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati
Researchers at the Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST),
Guwahati, have developed a new optical sensing platform for detecting cholesterol. This
platform can detect cholesterol even in trace amounts, below the normal preferred range,
making it useful for early disease detection. It is designed to help in regular and efficient
monitoring of cholesterol levels in the human body. Cholesterol is an essential lipid
produced by the liver and is vital for the functioning of animal tissues, blood, and nerve
cells. In mammals, it is transported through the bloodstream to perform various biological
functions.
208. What is the name of the e-digital wallet developed by SEEDS India to assist disaster-stricken
communities?
[A] Disaster Relief Wallet
[B] Aapda Samarthan
[C] Akshvi (Aapda Kshati Vivaran)
[D] Crisis Aid Wallet
Answer: Akshvi (Aapda Kshati Vivaran)

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India, the world’s most populous country, has faced over $56 billion in damages from
climate-induced disasters between 2019 and 2023. In response, SEEDS (Sustainable
Environment and Ecological Development Society) India developed Akshvi, a digital wallet
for recording climate losses. Akshvi (Aapda Kshati Vivaran) is an innovative e-disaster
wallet that allows affected communities to log their economic and non-economic losses.
This platform empowers individuals to self-report, ensuring their needs are prioritized
during recovery. Each household has an E-Disaster Wallet, and losses can be documented
via an Interactive Voice Response System, WhatsApp chatbot, or assisted data entry,
ensuring accessibility for all.
209. What is the IUCN conservation status of Himalayan Musk Deer that was recently seen in
news?
[A] Endangered
[B] Critically Endangered
[C] Vulnerable
[D] Least Concern
Answer: Endangered
The 2024 report titled "Plant Breeding Programmes in Indian Zoos: Assessment and
Strategic Actions" by the Central Zoo Authority highlighted a gap in conservation breeding
for the endangered Himalayan Musk Deer in Indian zoos. The Himalayan Musk Deer
(Moschus leucogaster) is native to the Himalayas and can be found in India, Nepal,
Bhutan, Pakistan, and China. It inhabits alpine forests and scrublands. Known for being
solitary, nocturnal, and territorial, the males have curved canines and a musk gland,
making them vulnerable to poaching. The species is listed as Endangered on the
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and is under Schedule I of
the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
210. National Panchayati Raj Day is celebrated every year on which day?
[A] April 23
[B] April 24
[C] April 25
[D] April 26
Answer: April 24
National Panchayati Raj Day is celebrated every year on 24th April to mark the enactment
of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1993. This act gave constitutional status to the
Panchayati Raj system in India and emphasized local self-governance. National Panchayati
Raj Day 2025 highlights India’s commitment to decentralization and grassroots
democracy. Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) empower rural communities by allowing
local decision-making based on people’s needs. The Government of India also presents
the National Panchayat Awards annually on this day to honor innovative and impactful
efforts by Gram Panchayats, Block Panchayats, and Zila Parishads.
211. The new species of snake named Dendrelaphis anthracina was recently discovered in which

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country?
[A] Tonga
[B] New Zealand
[C] Fiji
[D] Papua New Guinea
Answer: Papua New Guinea
Recently, herpetologist Fred Kraus discovered a new species of snake, Dendrelaphis
anthracina, also known as the coal black tree snake, in the rainforests of Papua New
Guinea. This 4-foot, 8-inch snake was found on Sudest Island, highlighting the area's
biodiversity. Kraus’s research also identified three other new snake species. These include
Dendrelaphis atra on Misima Island, Dendrelaphis melanarkys on Rossel Island, and
Dendrelaphis roseni on Woodlark Island. The coal black tree snake was observed during a
dramatic encounter with a goshawk, demonstrating its defensive behavior. The atra tree
snake is adaptable, living in human-altered environments.
212. Which country has become the first in world to successfully breed the critically endangered
Great Indian Bustard (GIB)?
[A] India
[B] France
[C] Australia
[D] Myanmar
Answer: India
India became the world's first country to successfully artificially breed the Great Indian
Bustard (GIB) with the birth of the third chick at Jaisalmer's Desert National Park. The
technology and training for artificial insemination were obtained from the Abu Dhabi-
based "International Fund for Houbara Conservation" and specialized training from the
Wildlife Institute of India. The GIB is protected under the Wild Life Protection Act, 1972.
213. World Day for Animals in Laboratories is observed annually on which day?
[A] April 23
[B] April 24
[C] April 25
[D] April 26
Answer: April 24
World Day for Animals in Laboratories is observed annually on April 24. It raises
awareness about the suffering of animals used in scientific testing and research. It was
introduced in 1979 by the National Anti-Vivisection Society, it is recognized by many
countries and animal rights groups as a symbol of compassion and a call for change in
scientific experimentation. The date was chosen in honor of Lord Hugh Dowding, a
prominent advocate for animal rights.
214. Which ministry has recently launched the 'I Am Circular' Coffee Table Book?
[A] Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
[B] Ministry of Finance

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[C] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[D] Ministry of Power
Answer: Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology
The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) partnered with the
International Council for Circular Economy (ICCE) to launch the 'I Am Circular' Coffee Table
Book. The book celebrates India's innovation in driving the circular economy forward,
focusing on sustainability and responsible growth. A circular economy focuses on reusing,
recycling, and reducing waste. The event promoted tech-integrated sustainable
development and featured 30 groundbreaking Indian innovations. These innovations are
transforming the circular economy with smart, scalable, and sustainable practices. The
book showcases India's role in driving forward circular economy initiatives.
215. What is the name of the military exercise conducted by the Indian Air Force following the
Pahalgam terror attack?
[A] Exercise Vayu Shakti
[B] Exercise Aakraman
[C] Exercise Shourya
[D] Exercise Thunder Strike
Answer: Exercise Aakraman
Following the deadly Pahalgam terror attack in Jammu and Kashmir, the Indian Air Force
(IAF) conducted "Exercise Aakraman" (Attack). The exercise took place over a large area in
the central sector and involved IAF’s mainstream fighter aircraft, led by Rafale combat jets.
The IAF operates two Rafale squadrons based in Ambala and Hashimara, West Bengal. In
a show of strength, fighter jets and transport aircraft were active through the night, flying
close to the border areas. Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS)-equipped
aircraft conducted intense surveillance of enemy movements.
216. INS Surat, which was seen in news, belongs to which class of stealth guided missile destroyer?
[A] Kolkata class
[B] Rajput class
[C] Visakhapatnam class
[D] Godavari class
Answer: Visakhapatnam class
The Indian Navy's guided missile destroyer, INS Surat, recently test-fired a medium-range
surface-to-air missile in the Arabian Sea. INS Surat is the fourth and final ship of the
Project 15B. It belongs to the Visakhapatnam-class of stealth guided missile destroyers. It
ranks among the largest and most advanced destroyers globally. With 75 percent
indigenous content, it is equipped with cutting-edge weapon-sensor systems and
advanced network-centric capabilities. It was designed by the Navy’s Warship Design
Bureau and built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders, Mumbai. It was commissioned in January
2025.
217. What is "Chlorpyrifos" that was recently seen in news?
[A] A type of Mineral
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[B] Pesticide
[C] Traditional medicinal herb
[D] Newly discovered species of Butterfly
Answer: Pesticide
The 2025 Conferences of the Parties (COPs) of the Basel, Rotterdam, and Stockholm
Conventions will be held in Geneva from April 28 to May 9. The conferences aim to
address hazardous chemicals like chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos is a pesticide classified as
'moderately hazardous' by the World Health Organization. Despite being banned in over
40 countries, it is still approved for use in India on 18 crops. The chemical is linked to
neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, irreversible brain damage in unborn children, and
environmental contamination due to its mobility.
218. Dr K Kasturirangan, who recently passed away, was former chairman of which organization?
[A] Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
[B] Food Corporation of India (FCI)
[C] Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
[D] Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Answer: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Dr. K. Kasturirangan, former Chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO),
passed away at 84 in Bengaluru. He was a key architect of India's National Education
Policy. Dr. Kasturirangan played a major role in developing the Polar Satellite Launch
Vehicle (PSLV), India's most reliable satellite launcher. He led ISRO for over nine years,
stepping down as Chairman in August 2003. Dr. Kasturirangan served as Chancellor of
Jawaharlal Nehru University and Chairman of the Karnataka Knowledge Commission. He
was also a Rajya Sabha member from 2003 to 2009 and Director of the National Institute
of Advanced Studies in Bengaluru.
219. The World Social Report 2025 is the flagship publication of which organization?
[A] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA)
[B] World Bank
[C] International Monetary Fund (IMF)
[D] World Trade Organization (WTO)
Answer: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA)
The United Nations (UN) World Social Report 2025 warns of a global social crisis due to
insecurity, inequality, and distrust. The report is published by the UN Department of
Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA). It calls for a policy shift based on equity, economic
security for all, and solidarity. Over 690 million people live in extreme poverty, with 2.8
billion at risk. Income inequality has increased in 52 out of 128 countries, including China
and India. Trust in governments is declining globally, with 57% of people lacking
confidence. Recommendations include focusing on people-centered development,
investing in quality services, and ensuring trustworthy institutions.
220. Chief Minister Kisan Kalyan Scheme was launched by which state government?
[A] Maharashtra
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[B] Gujarat
[C] Madhya Pradesh
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh government has announced that farmers who burn crop residue, also
known as narwai, will be denied benefits under the Chief Minister Kisan Kalyan Yojana.
They will also not be allowed to sell their crops at the Minimum Support Price (MSP) in the
following year. The Mukhyamantri Kisan Kalyan Yojana was launched by the Madhya
Pradesh government. This scheme aims to financially assist farmers in the state,
particularly those with limited economic resources, to improve their farming capabilities
and increase their income.
221. Which institution has been ranked as the best in India in the Asia University Rankings 2025?
[A] Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru
[B] Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
[C] Anna University, Chennai
[D] Banaras Hindu University
Answer: Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru
The Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, has been ranked as the best university in
India in the Times Higher Education’s Asia University Rankings 2025. IISc Bengaluru
secured the 38th position in Asia with a score of 65.2, though its rank dropped from 32 in
2024. Tsinghua University of China topped the list in Asia with a score of 93 and held the
same top spot last year. The Asia University Rankings 2025 assessed 853 universities from
35 countries and regions. Rankings were based on 18 indicators, including Research
Quality, Industry, Research Environment, Teaching, and International Outlook.
222. Who has won the 2025 Pune FIDE Women's Grand Prix?
[A] Koneru Humpy
[B] Zhu Jiner
[C] Polina Shuvalova
[D] Alina Kashlinskaya
Answer: Koneru Humpy
Indian Chess Grandmaster Koneru Humpy won the Pune FIDE Women’s Grand Prix by
scoring 7 out of 9 points. She defeated Bulgarian International Master Nurgyul Salimova
in the final round using the White pieces. Chinese Grandmaster Zhu Jiner also scored 7 out
of 9 points by defeating Russian International Master Polina Shuvalova with the Black
pieces. Due to tiebreak rules, Zhu was placed second while both players shared the Grand
Prix points and prize money. Humpy’s win boosts her chances of qualifying for the next
Women’s Candidates Chess tournament. Indian International Master Divya Deshmukh
drew with Polish player Alina Kashlinskaya and ranked third with 5.5 points.
223. The Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) comes under which government
department?
[A] Department of Economic Affairs

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[B] Department of Expenditure
[C] Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
[D] Department of Revenue
Answer: Department of Revenue
In line with the Union Budget 2025–26, the Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs
(CBIC) has introduced major trade facilitative measures for air cargo and transshipment to
enhance logistics efficiency and simplify customs procedures. The CBIC is part of the
Department of Revenue under the Ministry of Finance. It administers Customs, Central
Excise, Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST), Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST),
and Narcotics, where applicable. The CBIC is headed by a Chairman, supported by Chief
Commissioners and Director Generals across various zones. It also operates a Goods and
Services Tax (GST) Intelligence Wing to monitor and prevent tax evasion.
224. Which country is the host of FIFA Women’s World Cup 2027?
[A] Brazil
[B] Australia
[C] New Zealand
[D] Spain
Answer: Brazil
Brazil has won the bid to host the 10th edition of the International Federation of
Association Football (FIFA) Women’s World Cup 2027. Brazil received the maximum votes
at the FIFA Congress held in Bangkok, Thailand, on 25 April 2025. This is the first time a
South American country will host the FIFA Women’s World Cup. The 9th edition of the FIFA
Women’s World Cup was jointly hosted by Australia and New Zealand in 2023. Spain won
the 2023 FIFA Women’s World Cup by defeating England in the final. Brazil had earlier
hosted the FIFA Men’s World Cup in 1950 and 2014.
225. The StormBreaker missile, also known as the Small Diameter Bomb II (SDB-II), was developed
by which country?
[A] France
[B] United States
[C] India
[D] Ukraine
Answer: United States
Recently, US fighter jets are using the advanced "StormBreaker" bomb in operations
against Houthi rebels during intense bombing campaigns. The StormBreaker missile, also
known as the Small Diameter Bomb II (SDB-II), was developed by the United States. It is an
air-launched, precision-guided glide bomb designed and manufactured by Raytheon. It
weighs 93 kilograms, is 1.76 meters long, and has a diameter between 15 to 18
centimeters. It uses millimeter-wave radar, uncooled infrared imaging, and semi-active
laser for multi-mode guidance in all weather conditions. Its GPS/INS navigation system
supports real-time target updates, while TacNet Data Link (DL) technology enables
weapon-to-weapon collaboration. It can destroy moving targets up to 45 miles away and

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stationary targets up to 69 miles away.

226. World Intellectual Property Day is observed on which day every year?
[A] April 25
[B] April 26
[C] April 27
[D] April 28
Answer: April 26
World Intellectual Property Day is celebrated every year on April 26 to spread awareness
about the importance of intellectual property rights. Intellectual Property (IP) rights
include patents, copyrights, trademarks, and designs that protect innovation and
creativity. The day marks the enforcement of the Convention Establishing the World
Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 1970. World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO) is a global forum for intellectual property services, policy,
information, and cooperation. Recently, on April 26, 2025, the world observed this day to
highlight how protecting ideas boosts creativity and drives economic growth.
227. Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary is located in which state?
[A] Odisha
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Jharkhand
[D] Bihar
Answer: Jharkhand
Recently, Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary in Latehar district of Jharkhand was highlighted as
India’s first and only wolf sanctuary. It is located in Jharkhand. Mahuadanr Wolf Sanctuary
was declared in 1976 to protect the Indian grey wolf, scientifically known as Canis lupus
pallipes. It covers an area of around 63 square kilometers and plays a major role in
conserving the endangered wolf species. The sanctuary is also part of the Palamau Tiger
Reserve, adding to its ecological importance. Apart from wolves, it is home to other
wildlife like spotted deer, wild boar, hyena, and bear, making it a rich biodiversity zone.
228. Which Bengaluru-based start-up has been selected to build India’s first indigenous AI large
language model (LLM)?
[A] Expertia AI
[B] Saarthi AI
[C] CoRover
[D] Sarvam AI
Answer: Sarvam AI
Recently, the government selected Bengaluru-based start-up Sarvam to build India’s first
indigenous artificial intelligence (AI) large language model (LLM) under the ₹10,370 crore
IndiaAI Mission. This project aims to create a strong AI infrastructure fully built, deployed,
and optimized within India to strengthen strategic autonomy. Sarvam AI was chosen after
a tough selection process among 67 applicants and will get access to 4,000 high-end
Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) for six months to develop the model. This move is
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significant as it boosts India's leadership in AI and promotes innovation through

homegrown technologies. It comes amid rising competition from China's low-cost
DeepSeek model.
229. What is the name of the first-ever international treaty aimed at protecting the world's oceans
beyond national boundaries?
[A] United Nations High Seas Treaty
[B] Marine Conservation Treaty
[C] Global Ocean Safety Treaty
[D] Ocean Biodiversity Treaty
Answer: United Nations High Seas Treaty
Recently, delegates met in New York for the first session of the Preparatory Commission
to frame rules for the High Seas Treaty and prepare for the first Conference of Parties
(COP1). The Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Agreement, also called the
High Seas Treaty, is a United Nations (UN) treaty under the United Nations Convention on
the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). It is the first treaty aimed at protecting ocean areas beyond
national borders and is often called the Paris Agreement for the Ocean. It legally binds
countries to protect marine biodiversity and promote sustainable use through
international cooperation. The treaty will help achieve Sustainable Development Goal 14
(Life Below Water) and will become effective 120 days after 60 countries ratify it.
230. Which city is the host of Nutrition for Growth (N4G) Summit 2025?
[A] Paris
[B] London
[C] Beijing
[D] Geneva
Answer: Paris
Recently, the global fight against malnutrition gained momentum at the Nutrition for
Growth (N4G) Summit held in Paris, where world leaders renewed their commitment to
end all forms of malnutrition. The Nutrition for Growth (N4G) Summit 2025, hosted by
France in Paris, aims to address global malnutrition and promote better nutrition. At the
same time, the United Nations General Assembly extended the Decade of Action on
Nutrition to 2030, aligning it with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Earlier
efforts mainly focused on food access and early childhood nutrition, but now there is a
shift towards strong nutrition education, especially for school children and adolescents. A
key takeaway from the N4G Summit side event ‘Learn to Eat Well: Bio-diverse Diets and
Youth as Agents of Change’ was to include nutrition education in school curriculums. This
education should go beyond just calorie counting and teach young people to make
informed, sustainable, and culturally respectful food choices.
231. Balikatan is a bilateral military exercise between which two countries?
[A] Philippines and the United States
[B] France and Russia
[C] China and India
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[D] Australia and India
Answer: Philippines and the United States
Around 17,000 personnel are participating in the annual Balikatan Exercise 2025, which
will simulate a full-scale battle scenario to deter China’s ambitions in the region. Balikatan
Exercise is the largest bilateral military exercise between the Armed Forces of the
Philippines and the United States. The word "Balikatan" is a Tagalog phrase meaning
"shoulder-to-shoulder," symbolizing strong cooperation between the two countries. This
exercise is held every year to improve military interoperability and readiness. It supports
the Mutual Defense Treaty between the United States and the Philippines, strengthening
their defence partnership.
232. Which day is celebrated as International Hyena Day?
[A] April 26
[B] April 27
[C] April 28
[D] April 29
Answer: April 27
April 27th is celebrated as International Hyena Day to encourage people to change their
negative views about hyenas and recognize their importance to the environment.
Conservation group Wild Africa has warned that the four living species of hyenas are
facing rising threats, leading to declining populations. Hyenas are dog-like carnivores
belonging to the family Hyaenidae, and they are native to Asia and Africa. The four
existing species are the Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta), Striped Hyena (Hyaena hyaena),
Brown Hyena (Parahyaena brunnea), and Aardwolf (Proteles cristatus). Hyenas live in
forest edges, grasslands, savannas, sub-deserts, and mountains up to 13,000 feet high.
Their distribution spans across Africa, parts of the Middle East, and Asia.
233. A new carnivorous caterpillar, called the Bone Collector, was recently discovered at which
place?
[A] Hawaiian island
[B] Madagascar
[C] Mauritius
[D] Indonesia
Answer: Hawaiian island
A new carnivorous caterpillar, nicknamed the "Bone Collector," was recently discovered on
the Hawaiian island of Oahu due to its unusual behavior. The "Bone Collector" caterpillar
is carnivorous and constructs a protective case using body parts of its prey, like ant heads
and fly wings, combined with silk. It is found in a small, isolated mountain forest on Oahu,
a habitat threatened by invasive species. The caterpillar's evolutionary lineage is believed
to be at least six million years old, predating the formation of the Hawaiian islands. It
feeds on insects caught in spider webs and decorates its silk case with the body parts of its
prey.
234. The Red-Crowned Roofed Turtles were recently reintroduced into which river in Uttar
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Pradesh?
[A] Yamuna River
[B] Chambal River
[C] Ganga River
[D] Saryu River
Answer: Ganga River
Recently, at least 20 red-crowned roofed turtles were re-introduced into the river Ganga in
Uttar Pradesh to boost their population. The red-crowned roofed turtle, also known as the
Bengal roof turtle, is native to India, Bangladesh, and Nepal. In India, the National
Chambal River Gharial Sanctuary is currently the only area with a good population of this
species. It is a freshwater turtle that lives in deep flowing rivers and uses land areas for
nesting. Its conservation status is Critically Endangered under the International Union for
Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and it is listed in Appendix I of the Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
235. ISRO recently conducted the second short hot test of the semi-cryogenic engine for which
launch vehicle?
[A] Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3)
[B] SSLV (Small Satellite Launch Vehicle)
[C] NGLV (Next Generation Launch Vehicle)
[D] Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV)
Answer: Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3)
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully conducted the second
short hot test of the semicryogenic engine that will power the Semicryogenic booster
stage of the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3). A semicryogenic engine uses a cryogenic
oxidizer like Liquid Oxygen and a hydrocarbon-based fuel like kerosene. It combines the
advantages of cryogenic and conventional engines, offering better efficiency and
operational simplicity. In comparison, a fully cryogenic engine uses both fuel and oxidizer
in liquid form, like Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen, giving 100% efficiency without
causing greenhouse gas emissions. This successful test marks a key step towards
upgrading LVM3 for future heavy-lift missions.
236. SMILE scheme (Support for Marginalised Individuals for Livelihood and Enterprise) was
launched by which ministry?
[A] Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
[B] Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
[C] Ministry of Women and Child Development
[D] Ministry of Labour and Employment
Answer: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
Recently, the SMILE scheme (Support for Marginalised Individuals for Livelihood and
Enterprise) has shown progress in identifying and rehabilitating beggars in urban areas
but still faces challenges like underreporting and limited scale. It was launched in 2022 by
the Union Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. It focuses on addressing beggary

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mainly in religious, tourist, and historical cities. The scheme also includes a sub-scheme
for the empowerment of transgender persons. By December 2024, it identified 9,958
individuals involved in begging across 81 cities and successfully rehabilitated 970
individuals, including 352 children.
237. Which organization has launched the 'Satellite Bus as a Service' initiative?
[A] Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe)
[B] Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
[C] Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
[D] Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL)
Answer: Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe)
The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) has invited
applications for a new initiative called Satellite Bus as a Service (SBaaS). The Indian
National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe has launched the 'Satellite
Bus as a Service' (SBaaS) initiative. This initiative aims to help Indian private space
companies design and develop small satellite bus platforms for hosted payload
applications. A satellite bus is the main body and structural component of a satellite where
scientific instruments and other payloads are housed. The SBaaS initiative will help
democratize access to space technology in India and reduce the country’s reliance on
imported satellite platforms.
238. Which country has declared April 28 a national day of mourning?
[A] Iran
[B] Syria
[C] India
[D] Israel
Answer: Iran
The Iranian government declared a day of national mourning on April 28 following a
deadly blast at Shahid Rajaee port. The explosion occurred when a fuel tanker detonated
at the port near Bandar Abbas in Hormozgan Province. The blast resulted in 28 deaths and
over 1,200 injuries. The oil facilities at the port were not affected by the blast.
239. According to New World Wealth report by Henley and Partners, which city has been named
the most expensive city globally?
[A] Monaco
[B] Paris
[C] London
[D] Tokyo
Answer: Monaco
According to the latest report from New World Wealth by Henley and Partners, Monaco is
ranked as the most expensive city in the world as of 2024–25. Over 40% of Monaco’s
population are millionaires, the highest percentage of any city globally. New York City
holds the second position for being among the world’s costliest cities for luxury real
estate. Hong Kong is ranked third, followed by London in the fourth spot. Saint-Jean-Cap-
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Ferrat in France stands at fifth place, while Paris has moved up to sixth place this year.
Sydney ranks just behind Paris among the top expensive cities. France dominates the list
with six cities, while Switzerland, Italy, and the United Kingdom have multiple entries. The
United States features four cities, while Singapore and Tokyo are notable Asian entries,
standing at 11th and 16th positions respectively.
240. Which state is home to the indigenous paddy variety known as Keonjhar Kalachampa?
[A] Odisha
[B] Jharkhand
[C] Karnataka
[D] Tamil Nadu
Answer: Odisha
Odisha is the state where a farmer officially registered the indigenous paddy variety called
Keonjhar Kalachampa. Keonjhar Kalachampa is known for its strong resilience against
major diseases, pests, and the impacts of climate change. The Government of India
officially recognized this variety in 2015. The Odisha State Seeds Corporation (OSSC) along
with private companies have been actively producing and distributing this variety. The
variety has special features like non-lodging ability, high yield, and adaptability to both
early and late sowing seasons. Recently, Odisha has also launched a gene bank initiative
to conserve native paddy seeds for up to 50 years under controlled conditions.

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