LESSON 11: CAUSE – EFFECT – SOLUTION ESSAY
Introduction: Clause (to introduce the topic). This problem happens for some reasons,
and some measures are available to tackle it.
Body 1: Several reasons can explain why + Clause (paraphrase the topic). Firstly, (the
first supporting idea) because (explanation 1). For example, (clause to give an example
for the first idea). Secondly, (the second supporting idea), for (explanation 2). A telling
example is (the second example for supporting idea 2).
Body 2: This problem can be addressed by some methods. The first solution is + clause
(the first solution) because (explanation for the first solution). For instance, (example 1).
Another remedy is + clause (the second solution), for (explanation 2). Example 2.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the topic + stem from some reasons, and some feasible
measures can be adopted to deal with this phenomenon.
Sample essay:
More and more people are migrating to cities in search of a better life, but city life can
be extremely difficult. Explain some of the difficulties of living in a city. How can
governments make urban life better for everyone?
- More and more people = An ever-rising number of = An increasing number of
- More and more = An increasing number of = Increasingly more
- Cities = Urban areas = Metropolises = Metropolitan areas
- To be in search of = To seek = To find = To look for = To search for
- People = Residents = Inhabitants
- A more decent life = A more fulfilling/prosperous life = More favorable living
conditions
- Migrate = Relocate = Move = Emigrate
- Cities = Urban areas = Urban centers = Metropolises = Metropolitan areas
- To face with = To deal with = To cope with = To be confronted with
- Difficulties = Drawbacks = Shortcomings = Problems = Issues = Repercussions
- Solutions = Measures = Methods = Remedies
- Apply = Adopt = Implement
- Possible = Feasible = Viable = Practiceable
- Governments = National authorities
- Deal with = Solve = Address = Tackle = Combat
- Make urban life better = Improve their quality of life/ standards of living = Change
their life for the better = Ameliorate their living standards
It is true that there has been an increasing number of inhabitants relocating to
urban areas to seek a fulfilling life, but urban life can be excessively problematic.
In this essay, I will outline some obstacles that those wishing to move to cities can
face, and propose some measures that the national authority can adopt to
change city life for the better.
Body 1:
On the one hand, there are several drawbacks of relocating to urban centers. The
main problem for anyone who hopes to migrate to a large city is that the cost of
living is likely to be much higher than it is in a small town or village (P).
Inhabitants of cities have to pay higher prices for housing, transport, and even
food (E). For example, the property price in Ha Noi, a major metropolis of
Vietnam, is nearly four or five times/ exponentially higher than that of the rural
areas. This, therefore, can exert heavy and constant financial pressure on the
average city inhabitant. Besides, urban areas often have/ are often faced with
higher crime rates due to the intense competition where a huge number of
dwellers compete for limited decent job opportunities. Unable to secure a job,
some individuals have to resort to criminal acts to sustain their livelihood. For
example, the rate of pickpocketing and robbery is increasing at an alarming rate in
Vietnam’s cities in recent years due to the exodus of people from rural areas in
search of jobs. This can undermine social security in big cities, rendering them no
longer safe places to live and develop.
Other ideas:
- Urban areas are often confronted/faced with higher poverty rates -> The
meager level of incomes often fails to keep pace with the escalating living
expenses in urban cities -> A great number of urban residents, especially
the working class, often struggle to strike a balance between their earnings
and spendings -> The deterioration of their life quality such as poor housing
and a lack of education.
- Urban areas often suffer from more grave air pollution -> The
concentration of industrial zones and fossil fuel-based vehicles in these
places which discharge huge volumes of emissions such as CO2 -> This puts
metropolitans’ physical wellbeing at stake (put sth in danger, put sth at
risk) by increasing their proneness (be prone to) to respiratory diseases
such as asthma or lung cancer.
Body 2:
There are some feasible/ viable measures that the government can apply to address
the aforementioned issues. The first solution is they can invest in building social or
affordable housing areas to alleviate the costs of living. When having got easier
access to accommodation, city inhabitants can save more money to cater for other
equally important needs such as medical care and education, boosting their life
quality to a great extent. In addition, to deal with the rising crime rates, the
government can put in place a stronger police force to raise criminals’ fear,
preventing them from commiting crime. However, the most sutainable solution is to
create more jobs and educational opportunities for city dwellers because when they
are able to earn their living, rarely do they choose make an dishonest living. This
definitely contributes to the reduction in city crime rates.
Other ideas:
- The government can introduce fare subsidy scheme, upgrade the quality of the
public transport system or even introduce zero-emissions vehicles -> City
commuters are encouraged to use these forms of transport instead of relying on
their personal vehicles-> Alleviate the problem of air contamination.
- The government can relocate universities and industrial zones to provincial towns
or cities -> Alleviate pressure on major cities.
In conclusion, the residents hoping to move to cities can face exorbitant/ prohibitive
living expenses and the deteriorating air quality. However, the government can construct
more afforable housing and encourage citizens to use more eco-friendly types of
transport. Personally, the government should implement these solutions simultaneously
to change the city life for the better as quickly as possible.
