they will unite

of joining two ditferent parts of the plant in such a manner that

Crafting: It is an art is known as grafting.
frequently as anew form of the plant
and continue their growth the upper portion or top of the new plant is termed
combination, which is to become
graft root stock or under stock.
The part of
The part which is to become the lower or root is termed as
part
as scion and
the
are termed as gratting. However, when the scion part is a single
All methods ofjoining plant parts
operation is termed as budding. Though,
it is used as a branch termed as
bark (bud). The
piece of
grafting.
Methods of grafting:
(a)- Approach grafting: In approach
independent plants
growing on
grafting, two together.
own root system are grafted
their and taken to
root stock are groWn in pts
The grafting. After union,
mother plant (scion) for removed while the
root stock is
the top of the It is
below the graft union.
scion shoot is cut taly tugether v t
Afr Y Ueti , he stxk
 divided into the following groups.
popular method in mango. This is further
lono)
approach grafting: In this method a thin splice of bark and wood (4.0-5.0 cm.
()- Splice smooth
stock plant at a height of 30-35 cm. above ground level. Similar cut is made on
removed from with just
cut surface are then held together and tied
surface between nodes of scion plants. The two
depending upon
string and rubber tape. Union complete after 50-60 days
components.
the species, atmospheric condition and the condition of graft
downward and inward
()- Tongue approach grafting: In this method, a
an
cut is made on root stock while a tongue is made on scion by giving
upward and inward cut. The scion is then filled into the
stock and tied
with string or covered with grafting wax. It is commonly practiced in
plum and peach.
(2)-Inarching: The method of inarching is similar to approach
grafting. In this method, seedlings are planted near the base of
the damaged tree and inarch into the trunk during the active
growth season. When the union is formed the seedlings
provide the damaged tree with nutrient and moisture.

(3)- Side grafting: In side grafting a slanting downward and

inward cut is made on a smooth surface of stock plant at a
height of 200 cm. above ground surface. The one year old
scion is collected having 2-3 buds. Two slanting cut
of 3-3
side are made at
cm in one side and slightly shorter in other
bent slightly in to
the base of scion. The stock plant is then
wedge shaped scion is
the opposite direction of the cut and
inserted into the cut keeping the
longer side towards centre
conmponents are joined together.
and tied as usual which the both

grafting has been standardized at IARI,

(4)- Veneer grafting: Veneer this
successful propagation of mango. In
New Delhi for an easy and made at the base to
a shallow downward and inward cut is
technique, A slanting cut of
remove the piece of bark
and wood from stock plant. wedge
given one side of scion shoot and a small
similar length is scion and stock are
at opposite side. The grafted
cut is made cut when the
shaped
with string or tape. The root stock is
tied together tightly grafting are that the
growth. The merits of veneer
scion resumes its in situ.
transported for grafting
may be stored and
scion shoot
 splice grafting: Aslanting cut of 2-4 cm. is
stock and a cut of similar length given
is made on scion, so
hboth the cut surface perfectly.
The cut surfaces are
together and tied tightly. It is
s c
patched

a s o ) .
done in early spring

(6)- Cleft grafting: The main shoot

of the
diameter of 3-10 cm. are first sown off stock having a
vertical split (5-8 cm.) is made at the center horizontally. A
of the cut ends
with a heavy knife. The scion (3
budded shoot) is prepared
by giving two slanting cut of 5.0 cm.
each on the opposite
sides. The gaps are waxed to prevent the rain water
to enter
inside. It should be done in the end of dormant
season.
(7)- Soft wood grafting: This is very successful techniques CLEFT (OR TOP WEDGE) GRAFT

of in situ grafting. It is commercially practiced in mango. In this

method, the seeds of mango are sovwn at desired distance in the
field in rainy season. To ensure seed germination 1-3 seeds are
sown in each pit. When the plant become one year old and
atains a pencil thickness, it is used for grafting. The grafting is
done at permanent site of planting in the field itself. The process
of grafting is done in rainy season when new growth appears on
root stock. When new growth leaves start turning yellow from
6. coppery colour, grafting is performed. Scion shoots of 10-15
B. cm. length, 3-5 months of age and pencil thickness girth is
of
selected. At 15-20 cm. height from ground level, the root stock
is deheaded. A vertical slit of 2.5-4.0 cm length is given on root stock. On scion shoot similar
pla
manner on both the surface in lower portion. It is inserted in
M matching cut is prepared in slanting sprouting starts and
1. incision on root stock and wrapped using polythene tape. In about 3 to 4 weeks
system and shows better survival in the
as I graft starts growing. The grafted plant develops at its own root
2 field.
3
method is that the branch is
mor (8)- Bark grafting: The common
downward up to 4-5 cm. The
4 sawn at first and the bark is split
cut on
scion (3 budded) is prepared by giving one long slanting
e.g., side. The scion then
is
5. one side and a short cut on the opposite
cut surface
6 inserted in to the split of bark keeping the longer
make: inside and tied to hold in position tightly. It gives higher
well.
7. percentage of success when bark slips

8
 (9- Epicotyl or stone grafting: This
Sand and covered with 5-7 cm. layer is commonly practiced in mango. The stones are sown in moist
of leaf mould for
Old, they are taken out and grafted germination. When the seedlings are of 15 days
height of 5.0 cm. from indoor. The top of seedling is
the removed by giving a slanting cut at a
gng a slanting cut at base stone. The current season scion shoots
in one side. So as to (8.0-10.0 cm. long) is prepared by
on the stock match with the cut end of root
and tied with stock. It is then placed
nursery beds. polythene tape. When the scion
produces 4 leaves they are transplanted
in
(40)- Bridge grafting:
of repairing a damagedBridge grafting is done with the object How to do Briige Grafting
giVing slanting cuts on plant. The scions are
scions are inserted one side of the top and the prepared by
tied properly. above and below base. These
the injury of the
plant and
Budding:
()- ShieldSeveral methods
or T budding: of budding are practiced for
1: 2: 3:
surface of stock at AT shaped cut is multiplication of plants.
bud insertion, it is a height of 15-20 cm. from made
the
on the smooth
first a vertical cut known as T or shield budding. ground level for
knife followed by aof 2.5 cm is gjven with the help To achieve this
flaps of the T shapedright angle horizontal cut at the of budding
buds are selected cut are then loOsened slightly. top. The two
The shield shaped from current season growth with Desired scion
buds dormant
above the leaf axil. are taken by slicing 1.0 below and 1.0 bud.
The
may be removed. After bud may contain a piece of wood orcm.it
polythene strip leaving inserting of bud on the
the bud and leaf stalk. stock and tied with
growth. The polythene strip is
removed when the bud resumes
(2)- Inverted budding:
During
avoid seeping of water in to the cut.rainy season it is suggested to make a cut resemble to inverted
This method is commonly used in T to
citrus.