INTRODUCTION
A single-storey building is defined as a structure that has only one level, providing easy access and
smooth circulation for its occupants. In this context, the elevation of the walls plays a crucial role not
only in the building's aesthetics but also in its functionality and durability. Indeed, a well-designed
elevation contributes to resistance against weather conditions, thermal and acoustic insulation, as well
as the safety of the premises. This presentation aims to explore the various techniques and materials
used in wall elevation for single-storey buildings while highlighting the associated architectural and
environmental challenges. We will first address the fundamental principles of wall elevation, then
examine material choices, and finally discuss practical implications to ensure a harmonious and efficient
living space.
1- Types of foundation for a single-storey building
a) Shallow Foundations
-Slab Foundation: A foundation in the form of a reinforced concrete slab, resting directly on the soil.
-Spread Footings: Narrow and shallow foundations used for lightweight buildings.
-Mat Foundation: A foundation in the form of a reinforced concrete slab, supported by piers.
b) Deep Foundations
-Piles: Long and narrow foundations driven into the soil to reach a stable depth.
-Caissons: Box-shaped foundations buried in the soil to support heavy loads.
-Piers: Column-shaped foundations used for very unstable soils.
c) Special Foundations
-Solin Foundation: A foundation resting on a solin (a concrete slab) to distribute the load.
-Slab-on-Grade Foundation: A foundation resting on a reinforced concrete slab to support heavy loads.
-Beam Foundation: A foundation using beams to support the load.
d) Foundations for Difficult Soils
-Helical Piles: Foundations that twist to reach a stable depth in unstable soils.
-Driven Piles: Foundations driven into the soil using a hammer for hard soils.
-Floating Foundations: Foundations resting on unstable soil without being anchored.
2- Site preparation
Site preparation is a crucial step in the construction of a building or infrastructure. It involves preparing
the site for construction works by performing the following operations:
a) Clearing
- Land clearing to remove natural or artificial obstacles (vegetation, debris, etc.)
- Removal of waste and unusable materials
b) Grading
- Leveling the terrain to achieve a flat and regular surface
- Creating slopes for drainage
c) Compaction
- Compacting the soil to improve its stability and resistance
- Using specialized equipment (compactors, rollers, etc.)
d) Geotechnical Study
- Analyzing soil characteristics (strength, density, etc.)
- Determining geotechnical risks (settlement, landslides, etc.)
e) Site Boundary Demarcation
- Determining the construction site boundaries
- Installing markers or benchmarks to define the perimeter
f) Foundation Preparation
- Preparing the soil for foundations (excavation, leveling, etc.)
- Installing foundations (footings, piles, etc.)
g) Quality Control
- Verifying works to ensure compliance with standards
- Regular inspection to detect anomalies or defects
Site preparation is essential for:
- Ensuring building stability and safety
- Preventing geotechnical problems
- Reducing construction costs and delays
- Guaranteeing work quality
It is crucial to entrust these works to qualified and experienced professionals to ensure project success.
3- Study of Local Building Regulations and Codes for Single-Story Building Construction
Before commencing the construction of a single-story building, it is essential to conduct an in-depth
study of local regulations and building codes. This study ensures that the project complies with
regulatory and technical requirements for safety, stability, and durability.
a) Local Regulations
-Local building codes
-Zoning regulations
-Environmental laws
-Fire safety regulations
-Accessibility standards
b) Building Codes
-Wind resistance standards
-Seismic resistance standards
-Electrical safety standards
-Plumbing standards
-Thermal insulation standards
c) Wall Construction
-Maximum allowed height
-Minimum required width
-Authorized materials
-Minimum required thickness
-Structural support systems
d) Specific Requirements
-Foundation requirements
-Roofing requirements
-Mechanical system requirements
-Electrical system requirements
-Fire safety requirements
e) Implications
-Compliance with regulations to avoid penalties
-Ensuring occupant and user safety
-Preventing geotechnical and structural risks
-Reducing construction costs and delays
-Improving work quality
4- Layout plan
