GEOGRAPHY - Simple words descriptive of the  Zoo

earth first contained by ERATHOSTHENESE,  Ecology / Ecosystem – Habitats

Greek scholar.  Environmental – Concern world, population
observation
GEO- Earth GRAPHOS- Description
 How places and features change overtime
and the responsible as a meteorology. BRANCHES OF GEOGRAPHY BASED ON
 Look patterns, distribution, and similarities. REGIONAL APPROACH
 Geographers study the whole earth
 Regional Studies – Compromising, macro,
the examination, description, and explanation of meso, micro
Earth—its variability from place to place, how  Regional Planning – Compromising country
places and features change over time, and the rural town, urban planning
processes responsible for these variations and  Development Analysis – Aspects to every
changes common philosophy and technique, And you
need to know how to analysis.
GEOGRAPHY has 2 different dynamics
Difference between climate and weather
- Physical
Weather refers to short term atmospheric conditions
-Human
while climate is the weather of a specific region
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY averaged over a long period of time. Climate change
refers to long-term changes.
 Climatology Geography - weather
 Geomorphology Geography – landforms Polar Region – Dry Season
evolution
Philosophy – Geographical thoughts, land,
 Soil Geography – formation an distribution
human interactions, human ecology
of soil in earth surface
 Hydrology Geography - water Relative Location - Both relative location and
absolute location are geographic terms used to
HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
describe the location of a place on the Earth's
 Social Cultural – Cultural different region surface.
 Population / Settlement Geography – Rural
Spatial Distribution – It is a spatial perspective is
and urban, migration and occupational
demonstrated by the question, where on earth do we
structure
find the tropical rainforest. Measuring certain
 Economic Geography – Agriculture, trade,
factors in each of these scenarios or environments
transform, tourism
can help geographers, amongst professionals in
 Historical Geography – Process to get space
many other fields, to gain a better understanding of
organized
how human factors, external behaviors, and
 Political Geography – Relation between
environmental factors function and adapt to changes
space, how develop political belief of a
in their surroundings both individually and as part
location.
of a (relatively closely-located) group.
SYSTEMATICAL – Whole spatial pattern
Spatial Pattern - It is a spatial perspective is
LOGUS – Study demonstrated by the question, is clustered together
or widelyspread. Is an analytical tool used to
BIOGRAPHY measure the distance between two or more physical
 Plant – Study of spatial natural vegetation, locations or items.
natural patterns of vegetation habits.
Pollution – It is undesirable or unhealthy Spatial Contribution – The role or impact of a
contamination in an environment. specific location within a larger context.
METHODS AND TECHNIQUES Spatial Pattern – The arrangement of contribution
of objects within a space
 Cartography – Including computer
cartology PHYSICAL SCIENCE (in organic world) –
 Quantitative techniques / Statistical Geographers deserve phenomena complete data
Techniques – seeks solutions to problems in order physical
science of environmental science, geographers
INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICAL
holistic approach in understanding a wide variety of
GEOGRAPHY
system elements characteristics, and process that
Encompasses the features and processes that make involves interaction among weather, climate, soils,
up earth including human activities where they rocks, plants, human, and water.
interface with the environment.
Environmental science – Non living things and
LAYERS OF EARTH living things. Physical, social, and cultural. By
examining the features uses green house gases.
 Lithosphere – landforms, climate, upper Geographers holistic approach in understanding a
portion of the mantle and the crust, the wide variety of systems elements, characteristics
outermost layers of Earth's structure. and processes that involve, interconnection among
 Atmosphere – Meteorologist, structure weather, climate, soils, rocks, terrain, plants,
climate animals, human and water.
 Hydrosphere – ocean, sea, lakes
 Biosphere – lifestorm, ecosystem SYSTEM- life support system space and time,
variables.
WHO ARE THE GEOGRAPHERS
Ice age- Integrational period, hazard potential
Climatologist and Meteorologist threats.
Biogeographers Hydrologist Leiward – Hotter
Soil Scientific Oceanographers Wind wide – Maulan
Glaciologist Water Resource Managers Father of physical geography
MAJORS PERSPECTIVE IN PHYSICAL Human Environment Interaction
GEOGRAPHY
• Environment influences human behavior.
Spatial Science
Provides natural resources which form a life
 Location – Absolute terms of coordinate support system.
system or relative in terms of features
 characteristics of place environmental Environmental hazards such as floods,
features and processes. typhoons, earthquake, volcanic eruptions, tsunami
 Spatial distribution and pattern – extent and landslides.
of the area where the feature exist /
• Human affects the environment.
patter is how features are arranged in
space Environmental degradation, global warming,
acid rain, deforestation, extinction, pollution.
SPATIAL SCIENCE AND PATTERN
- Extend of one area the features exist
- Pattern is how features are arrange
MODELS AND SYSTEM feedbacks operations that can be
Models are representation of the real world repeated as a cycle.
• Simplification of a more complex reality which • Threshold – a condition that if
allows prediction, designed for a specific task. reach/exceeded/not met can cause a
• Kinds of Model fundamental change in a system.
• Physical Model – three dimensional
representation.
• Pictorial/Graphic – maps, graphs, pictures,
diagrams, drawing
• Mathematical/Statistical – predict possibilities ex.
Floods, landslides.
• Conceptual – images we used for understanding
our surroundings and experiences.
Systems Analysis
• Clear definition of a system
• Identify system’s important parts and
processes
• Examine how each parts and process
interact and how interaction affects the
operation of the system.
Open system – Which both energy and matter can
transfer.
Closed system – Is a system in which only energy
is transferred with surrounding.
System Equilibrium
• Input entering the systems is balanced by outputs.
• Dynamic equilibrium – balance is not static but
the long term changes maybe accumulating.
• Feedbacks - interaction that cause change or
adjustments between parts of a system
(Negative/Positive).

• Feedback loop - A circular set of