REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT D.

Backward region

TOPOLOGY OF REGIONS
7. Match the List 1 with List 2:
1. Which of the following is not a regional in
LIST 1 LIST 2
infrastructure: REGION: A. France Salgiter Region
A. Roads -Region has an areal extent B. Ukraine Mesabi Region
-Region have a location
B. Communication Lines -Region has boundaries C. Germany Lorraine Region
C. Canals -Can be formal/ informal D. USA Krivoy Rog Region
-Hierarchically arranged
D. Central Business District

8. Regions delineated on the basis of relationship are

2. Which one of the following regions is characterized
called:
by communication networks flowing upwards and
A. Natural regions Nodal Region also called functional region
downwards through a succession of service centers
B. Nodal Regions It is delineated on the basis of transport
of varying significance?
C. Planning Regionsintensity and commodity flow intensity
A. Heterogeneous
D. Developing regions
B. Homogenous
C. Nodal
9. Territorial production complex is associated with:
D. Administrative
A. Indian Model of Development
B. Brazilian Model of Development
3. Which one of the following forces has expansionary
C. Korean Model of Development
momentum emanating from the centers of
D. Russian Model of Development
economic expansion of other regions?
A. Centripetal
10. It has a core and periphery:
B. Centrifugal
A. Formal region Nation, states
C. Gravitation
B. Perceptual region Mantle construct (E.g. Silicon valley)
D. Pull
C. Functional region Amazon Delivery Area
FORMAL AND FUNCTIONAL REGION D. Vernacular region The south/ the middle east

4. Nodal regions are delineated: 11. A functional region is delineated on the basis of:
A. On the basis of distribution of spatial A. Politico-administrative boundaries
interaction B. Isohalines physical division
B. On the basis of uniformity C. Physical Division
C. On the basis of resource base D. Fields of interaction
D. On the basis of flow of goods
12. A functional region is delineated on the basis of:
5. Dividing the country into macro regions comprising A. Administrative boundaries
of group states could be done on the basis of: B. Field of interactions
A. The inter -state and intra state plans C. Isolines
B. The analysis of inventory D. Physical region
C. The individual sector analysis
D. The inter regional analysis 13. Which category of regions does metropolitan
region belongs to?
6. River Basin is a: A. Formal region
A. Micro region B. Functional region
B. Macro region C. Single Purpose region
C. Hilly region
 D. Natural region IV. A is incorrect, A is correct

14. The city region Is an example of: 19. Assertion (A): A planning region should be large
A. Formal region enough to contain a range of resources, conditions
B. Functional region and attributed so as to serve as desired degree of
C. Compage region economic viability
D. Adhoc region Demarcated for the specific planning purpose such Reason (R): Its resource position should be such
as tribal, backward or water resource development that a satisfactory level of product combination for
Called as planning region
15. Which one of the following statements is not consumption and for exchange would be feasible
correct? V. A and R is correct, A is the correct
A. Region are mental concepts formulated to explanation of A
arrange earth feature in some abstract order VI. A and R is correct, A is not correct
B. Regions could either be finite or infinite explanation of A
boundless three dimensional extending much VII. A is correct, R is incorrect
beyond the limits of terrestrial sphere VIII. A is incorrect, A is correct
C. The regional concept is a device to comprehend
likenesses and differences on the earth surface 20. The techniques usually employed for actual
D. A region has some kind of internal homogeneity delineation of functional regions are:
which distinguishes it from the neighboring A. Flow and Gravitational analysis
areas. B. Simple Correlation analysis
C. Composite Index method analysis
16. Regions are good servants but bad masters: who D. Ranking Coefficient method analysis
said this:
A. C.C. Carter 21. The agricultural region is a:
B. A.J. Herbertson A. Homogenous region
C. O.H.K. Spate B. Functional region
D. Vidal De La Blache C. Nodal Region
D. Natural Region
17. Who among the following propounded the concept
of compage? 22. Regional development is a:
A. Minshull A. Single functional approach
B. Blache B. Multi -Functional approach
C. Whittlesey C. Place Prosperity
D. Isard D. Rationalization of population

18. Assertion (A): Regions, in fact do change over time 23. Match the List 1 with List 2
they change in response to changing inter
relationship of the spatial elements LIST 1 LIST 2
A. Problem Region Immense resource potentials
Reason (R): Planned intervention certainly proves
but face socio –economics
to be rapid momentum within the frame of socio obstacles to technological
economic activities transformation
I. A and R is correct, A is the correct
explanation of A B. Major Region Those region which shows
II. A and R is correct, A is not correct little promise of development
explanation of A in the near future
III. A is correct, R is incorrect
C. Prospective Support advance industrial
 regions areas and pre dominantly Choose the correct answer below:
urban population
I. A, B only
D. Dynamic regions Those have minimum II. A, C only
disparities within and III. B, C and D only
distinctiveness from their IV. A, B and C only
neighbors in respect of
regional character and
29. Assertion (A): The agropolitan approach to regional
resource of development
development postulated that rural development
could be best pursued by linking it to urban
development at the local level.
24. Which one of the following planning regions Reason (R): The decentralization, democratization
develops along transportation line or irrigation and participation were taken as the key factors in
channels? agropolitan approach to regional development
A. Transitional regions A. Both A and R are true, R is correct explanation
B. River Valley Regions of A
C. Axial Development regions B. Both A and R are true, R is not correct
D. City regions explanation of A
C. A is correct, but R is incorrect
25. The regions developed along transportation lines or D. A is incorrect, but R is correct
irrigation channels are called as:
A. Transport regions 30. The surveys that are conducted to identify
B. Axial regions deteriorated or deficient area in development are
C. River Valley regions termed as:
D. Transitional regions A. Socio Economic surveys
B. Structure Surveys
26. For which one of the following regions, the follow C. Environment Quality Surveys
analysis technique is used for delineation of D. Diagnostic Surveys
regions?
A. Political 31. Regional planning aims at:
B. Formal A. Western Ghats Plan
C. Functional B. South East Resource Region
D. Physiological C. Rayalaseema Region
D. National Capital Region Plan
27. Functional region is delineated on the basis of
which of the following characteristics? 32. Which one of the following objectives of regional
A. Transport intensity and commodity flow planning is most important?
intensity A. Cultivating habitability and community building
B. Commodity flow intensity and river basin B. Conservation of forests
C. Physical features of population characteristics C. Rationalization of population distribution
D. Agricultural intensity and rainfall pattern D. Perfect regional mobility system

28. Which of the following are not functional regions? 33. Regionalism is the expression of:
A. Middle Ganga Plain A. Ignorance of other regions
B. National Capital Region B. Parcholiachism
C. Malwa Plateau Region C. Sectionalism
D. Kolkata-Howrah Conurbation
 D. Local individuality, local loyalties and cultural A. Creation and Implementation of public policies
traits B. Implementation and monitoring of policies
C. Creation and evaluation of public policies
34. Which one of the following processes is not D. Evaluation of policies
associated with planning?
Choose the correct answer below:
A. Perception
B. Revelation I. A and B are correct
C. Preparation II. B and C are correct
D. Evolution III. B and D are correct
IV. A and C are correct
35. Who designed the plan of Chandigarh city?
A. Ernst May 40. The principle of homogeneity and interrelationship
B. Le Corbusier can be used to delineate units for:
C. Soria Y Matte A. Development planning
D. Charles Eward Jenneret B. Resource Analysis
C. Allocation of Resources
36. Which of the following is an incorrect pair? D. Location Specific Facilities
A. Utilitarian region Functional planning
B. Comprehensive Integrated planning 41. Match the List 1 with List 2: (Q. 65)
C. Regional Planning Spatial planning
D. Sectoral Planning Co -ordinate planning LIST 1 LIST 2
A. Long term planning Indicative planning
B. Public sector planning Spatial planning
37. An attempt delineate into planning regions was
C. Private sector Imperative planning
made by: planning
A. National Atlas and Thematic Mapping D. Town Planning Perspective planning
Organization (NATMO)
B. Town and Country Planning organization (TCPO)
C. National Council for applied economic research 42. The correct sequence of planners in the Anglo-
D. National Institute of planning and American Tradition is:
Administration A. Unwin, Perry, Howard, Geddes
B. Geddes, Howard, Perry, Unwin
38. Which of the following sentences is not correct C. Howard, Geddes, Unwin, Perry
one? D. Perry, Geddes, Unwin, Howard
A. Utilitarian planning is a functional planning and it
strives to achieve a supreme single specific goal 43. Read the following statements and select the
B. Sectoral planning is a co-ordinated planning with correct answer using the code given below:
planning in various sectors in an integrated A. A perspective plan may also be termed as long
manner term plan
C. Comprehensive planning has also been used with B. Perspective plan are prepared for a period of
implicit connotation of integrative planning of all 20-25 years
elements of a single activity C. A perspective plan do not true about the
D. Town planning is an expression of spatial planning concept of development
of an urban system D. Perspective plans ensure spatial integration of
plans at different hierarchical levels
39. Geography of public policy is concerned with
Choose the correct answer below:
geographical study of:
 I. Only A is correct
II. A and B are correct 48. The Community Development Programme was
III. A, B and C are correct initiated primarily to:
IV. A, B and D are correct A. Bring in development among people by raising
the literacy level
WORLD REGIONAL DISPARITIES
B. Increase the control of the masses over the
44. Assertion (A): Balanced regional development locally available resources
strategies at national level do not necessarily lead C. Bring out overall development of the villages
to rapid growth of the national economy in the through self help
short run D. Bring out development of urban facilities
Reason (R): National economic growth strategies
are based on economic efficiency criteria and not 49. Which one of the following statements is true about
on regional balance criteria the concept of development?
I. A and R are true, A is the correct A. Development is a discrete process
explanation of R B. Development is a uni –dimensional process
II. A and R are true, R is not correct C. Development stands for growth with change
explanation of A D. Meaning of development remains the same in
III. A is correct, but R is incorrect time and space
IV. A is incorrect, but R is correct
50. The north-south division of the world is based on
45. The following statements explain the causes for the criteria of:
regional imbalances in less developed countries: A. Culture
A. Regional variations in resource endowment B. Latitude
B. Disparities in level of Industrial development C. Economic Development
C. Variations in geomorphological features D. Political Ideology
D. Distortions in the urban hierarchy
51. To study regional imbalances and regional
Choose the correct one: disparities in India, which of the following methods
was applied?
I. A, B, D
A. Unweight Ranks
II. A, B
B. Composite Index
III. C, B
C. Principal Component Analysis
IV. B, C, D
D. Input-Output Analysis
46. Which one of the following indicators is a direct
measure of regional imbalance in development
52. Of late, the major focus in industrial development is
A. Percentage of cultivated area to total
on:
geographical area
A. Nodal Development
B. Per Capita Consumer expenditure
B. Cluster Development
C. Accessibility of tools
C. Port city oriented development
D. Literacy
D. Both A and C

47. Regional imbalances of economic development THEORIES OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT (ALBERT O.

largely affected by which of following factors? HIRSCHMAN, GUNNAR MYRDAL, JOHN FRIEDMAN,
A. Regional disparity in resources DEPENDENCY THEORY OF UNDERDEVELOPMENT)
B. Lesser resource utilization
C. Lack of education ALBERT O. HIRSCHMAN
D. Lesser demand of the people
53. Who advocated the policy of deliberate unbalanced JOHN FRIEDMAN
development?
59. Forward linkage facilitate:
A. Gunnar Mydral
B. A.O. Hirschmann A. Diversification
C. A.G. Frank B. Unbalanced development
C. Metropolitan
D. R. Nurske
D. Social development
54. Who among the following scholars advocated policy
of deliberate unbalanced growth? 60. Who among the following formalized the concept
A. G. Myrdal that there exists relationship between the spatial
B. A.O. Hirschman organization and national development?
A. Luten
C. A.G. Frank
D. R. Nurke B. Dickens
C. Kuklinski
GUNNAR MYRDAL D. Friedmann
55. The concept of ‘Spread’ and ‘Backwash’ effect was
introduced by: 61. Match the list 1 with List 2: (Q. 64)
A. A.O. Hirshmanm LIST 1 LIST 2
B. Gunnar Myrdal A. Theory of spatial G. Myrdal
C. Gunder Frank integration
D. Sameer Amin B. Theory of innovation A.G. Frank
Diffusion
56. Whose theory these propagate that ‘an area is poor C. Dependency Theory John Friedmann
because it is poor’? D. Theory of circular and T. Haggerstrand
cumulative causation
A. Mydral
B. Berry
C. Hirschmann 62. Who among the following formalized the concept
D. Boudeville that there exists relationship between the spatial
organization and national development?
57. How does Gunnar Myrdal (1957) describe the A. Kuklinski
generation of regional inequalities at the national B. Dickens
and international levels in his theory of circular C. Friedmann
cumulative causation? D. Luten
A. Forward and Backward linkages
B. Push and pull factors 63. Who among the following formalized the concept
C. Backwash and spread effects that there exists relationship between the spatial
D. Balance and unbalanced growth organization and national development?
A. Friedmann
58. Match the List 1 with List 2: (Q. 5) B. Dickens
C. Kuklinski
LIST 1 LIST 2
D. Luten
A. Gunnar Mydral Strategy of unbalanced growth
B. A.O. Hirschmann Circular and cumulative
causation 64. Who among the following proposed the core,
C. John Friedmann Growth center and growth axis periphery mode of economic development?
D. J. Boudeville Core and periphery A. Rostov
B. Friedman
 C. Mydral 70. Find out the correct bottom-up periphery of growth
D. Hirschman foci in India:
A. Growth center, Growth point, Growth pole,
BOUDEVILLE Service Center
65. Which of the following matches is not correct? B. Growth pole, Growth point, Growth center,
A. Mydral: Cumulative Causation Model Service center
B. Friedmann: Core periphery Model C. Service center, Growth point, Growth center,
C. Boudeville: Transport model Growth pole
D. Frank: Dependency Model D. Growth pole, Growth center, Growth point,
Service center
66. Who among the following applied the growth pole
concept to geographical space, where by growth 71. Assertion (A): The growth pole strategy failed to
poles came to be known as growth centers? bring balanced growth development in India
A. Friedmann Reason (R): Diffusion of development under
B. Perroux conditions of general backwardness is weak
C. Frank I. Both A and R are correct, A is the correct
D. Boudeville Explanation of R
II. Both A and R are correct, A is not correct
67. Which one of the following proposed the definition explanation of R
of regional planning: ‘Regional planning is the III. A is correct, but R is not correct
process of formulating and classifying social IV. A is not correct, but R is correct
objectives in the ordering of activities in supra-
urban space’? 72. Which one of the following theories emphasized the
A. A.O. Hirschmann policy oriented concepts such as propulsive firms,
B. F. Perroux leading industries and agglomeration?
C. Boudeville A. Central place theory
D. B.J.L. Berry B. Theory of Industrial location
C. Growth Pole theory
68. Who did bring spatial dimension to the concept of D. Theory of spatial organization
growth?
A. Perroux 73. Who wrote the book ‘Growth pole, and Growth
B. Mydral centers for regional economic development in
C. Boudeville India’?
D. Losch A. Mishra, Rao and Sundram
B. Sundram and T.B. Lahiri
GROWTH POLE MODEL C. Sen and Wanamali
D. Sadasyuk and Sengupta
69. Match the List 1 with List 2:

LIST 1 LIST 2 74. Who among the following is credited with

A. Settlement hierarchy W. Christaller incorporation of concept of geographical space in
B. Regional Analysis Walter Isard the Growth pole theory?
C. Growth Pole theory W.W. Rostov A. Myrdal
D. Stages of Economic Perroux B. Haggerstrand
Growth C. Boudeville
D. Friedmann
75. Growth pole model is postulated by: ROSTOV
A. Smith
81. Which of the following sequences of the stage of
B. Perroux
C. Eratosthenes economic growth according to Rostov Model is
D. Haggerstrand correct?
A. Traditional society, drive to maturity, take off,
high mass consumption
76. Who among the following scholars examined the
regional and geographical implications of growth B. Traditional society, take off, drive to maturity,
pole theory earlier propounded by Perroux? high mass consumption
A. Gunnar Myrdal C. Traditional society, take off, high mass
B. John Friedman consumption, drive to maturity
D. Traditional society, drive to maturity, high mass
C. A.O. Hirschman
D. J. Boudeville consumption, take off.

GRAVITY PRINCIPLE 82. The concept of stages of growth was given by:
A. A. Hannes
77. Which of the following can be used for regional B. J.H. Pratt
delineation? C. L. Febvre
A. Gravity Potential Model D. Rostov
B. Rank Size Rule
C. Losch Settlement Model
TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE (TBL)
D. Central place model 83. In which one of the following concepts the term
‘Triple Bottom Line’ reflecting the importance of
78. The gravity principle in identification of nodal environmental, social and economic factor in
regions states that the interaction between two decision making is defined?
geographic points is directly related to: A. Inclusivity
A. Their masses B. Sustainability
B. Their distance
C. Poly centricity
C. Their mode of transport D. Mono centric
D. Their size of settlement
DOUGLASS C. NORTH
79. The gravity principle in delineation of nodal regions 84. Who among the following was an advocate of
states that the interaction between two export based model?
geographical points is directly related to: A. Alonso
A. Their masses
B. Kuklinski
B. Their distance C. Perroux
C. Their mode of transport D. North
D. Their size of settlements
85. Regional growth model by Douglas C. North
80. The gravity principal in identification of nodal emphasized the role of _________ factors in
regions states that the interaction between two regional growth?
geographical points is directly related to their: A. Hexagenous
A. Distance B. Endogenous
B. Masses C. Indogenous
C. Size of settlement D. Exagenous
D. Mode of transport
86. Which one of the following geographers defined assessment.
region as: ‘A geographical area unified culturally,
unified at first economically and letter by consensus
of thought, education, recreation etc’. Which
89. ‘Save the silent valley’ movement, a social
distinguishes it from other areas?
movement to save the tropical green forest from
A. Vidal De La Blache
destruction for a regional development project was
B. A.J. Herbertson
territorially based in Indian state of:
C. R.E. Dickinson
A. West Bengal
D. K. Young
B. Bihar
HUFSCHMIDT C. Kerala
D. Gujarat
87. According to Hufschmidt, bring out the
chronological sequence in the main phases of 90. Match the List 1 with List 2: (Q.7)
development of regional planning in the least 100
years of its history: LIST 1 LIST 2
A. Cultural regionalism Orientation A. Save silent valley Jharkhand
B. Chipko Gujarat
B. Metropolitan Orientation
C. Narmada Bachao Uttrakhand
C. Natural resource Orientation
D. Jungle Bachao Kerala
D. Regional Science Orientation

Choose the correct options below: 91. Assertion (A): The city plans in ancient India were
I. C, B, D, A laid down in accordance to some perceived ideas
II. A, C, D, B with high standard of public health
III. D, A, C, B Reason (R): This does not, however reflect the
IV. C, A, D, B concern of ancient India for community sanitation
and health
REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS I. Both A and R is correct, R is correct
IN INDIA explanation of A
II. Both A and R is correct, R is not correct
88. Match the List 1 with List 2: (Q. 23)
explanation of A
LIST 1 LIST 2 III. A is correct, R is incorrect
A. Development Average development rating index IV. A is incorrect, R is correct
based on opinions of a presumably
qualified sample group 92. Which one of the following statements is not
correct about the selection indicators for
B. Consensus Composite development scores conducting any study of development process?
based on combination of numerous
I. Either input or output indicators must be
sub scores for individual indicators
selected
C. Subjective Per capita income, longevity in II. Negative and Positive indicators must not
agration of live and social well be clubbed with each other
being III. Indicators must emerged out of the concept
of development defined in the study
D. Human A set of Adhoc regions, the IV. Indicators of income and expenditure can
development classes and
be clubbed together
boundaries of which are deter mind
on the basis of field experiences
combined with subjective
93. Law of primacy in the context of urban
development is most relevant to the countries
which have:
A. A relatively simple economy and spatial
structure
B. Complex economy
C. Integrated spatial structure
D. Matured economy

94. Patrick Geddes applied which of the following

perspectives in Regional Planning?
A. Technological
B. Socio-Economic
C. Environmental
D. Historical Ecological

95. The theory of diffusion of innovation was

propounded by:
A. Hospital bed per 1000 population
B. Length of roads per 1000 square kilometers
C. Per capita consumption of steel
D. Per capital income