1. Which organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell?

o A) Nucleus
o B) Mitochondria
o C) Ribosome
o D) Golgi apparatus
Answer: B) Mitochondria
2. What structure is present in plant cells but absent in animal cells?
o A) Mitochondria
o B) Cell wall
o C) Nucleus
o D) Ribosome
Answer: B) Cell wall
3. Prokaryotic cells lack which of the following?
o A) DNA
o B) Plasma membrane
o C) Nucleus
o D) Ribosomes
Answer: C) Nucleus
4. Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
o A) Lack of membrane-bound organelles
o B) Presence of a nucleus
o C) Circular DNA
o D) Absence of cytoplasm
Answer: B) Presence of a nucleus
5. Stem cells are unique because they:
o A) Cannot divide
o B) Are specialized cells
o C) Can differentiate into various cell types
o D) Are found only in adults
Answer: C) Can differentiate into various cell types
6. Which biomolecule is the primary source of energy for cellular processes?
o A) Proteins
o B) Lipids
o C) Carbohydrates
o D) Nucleic acids
Answer: C) Carbohydrates
7. DNA and RNA are types of:
o A) Proteins
o B) Lipids
o C) Nucleic acids
o D) Carbohydrates
Answer: C) Nucleic acids
8. Which biomolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing biochemical reactions?
o A) Carbohydrates
o B) Proteins
o C) Lipids
o D) Nucleic acids
Answer: B) Proteins
9. Lipids are important in the body because they:
o A) Store genetic information
o B) Provide structural support to cells
o C) Serve as enzymes
 o D) Store energy
Answer: D) Store energy
10. Vitamins are essential because they:
o A) Provide energy
o B) Serve as building blocks for DNA
o C) Act as coenzymes in metabolic reactions
o D) Form cell membranes
Answer: C) Act as coenzymes in metabolic reactions

Module 2: Application of Biomolecules

11. Cellulose-based water filters utilize which biomolecule?
o A) Proteins
o B) Lipids
o C) Carbohydrates
o D) Nucleic acids
Answer: C) Carbohydrates
12. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) and polylactic acid (PLA) are examples of:
o A) Bioplastics
o B) Synthetic fibers
o C) Proteins
o D) Enzymes
Answer: A) Bioplastics
13. DNA vaccines utilize which biomolecule for immunization?
o A) Proteins
o B) Lipids
o C) Nucleic acids
o D) Carbohydrates
Answer: C) Nucleic acids
14. Which biomolecule is commonly used in food production for its emulsifying properties?
o A) Proteins
o B) Lipids
o C) Carbohydrates
o D) Nucleic acids
Answer: A) Proteins
15. Biodiesel production often involves the use of:
o A) Carbohydrates
o B) Proteins
o C) Lipids
o D) Nucleic acids
Answer: C) Lipids
16. Enzymes in biosensors are used to:
o A) Provide structural support
o B) Catalyze specific reactions for detection
o C) Store energy
o D) Transport molecules
Answer: B) Catalyze specific reactions for detection
17. In textile processing, enzymes are used to:
o A) Strengthen fibers
 o B) Remove impurities and soften fabrics
o C) Dye fabrics
o D) Increase elasticity
Answer: B) Remove impurities and soften fabrics
18. Detergent formulations often include enzymes to:
o A) Add fragrance
o B) Break down stains and soils
o C) Increase viscosity
o D) Provide color
Answer: B) Break down stains and soils
19. Lipids in detergents function primarily as:
o A) Surfactants
o B) Enzymes
o C) Colorants
o D) Fragrances
Answer: A) Surfactants
20. Which biomolecule is essential in the development of biosensors for glucose monitoring?
o A) Lipids
o B) Carbohydrates
o C) Enzymes
o D) Nucleic acids
Answer: C) Enzymes

Module 3: Adaptation of Anatomical Principles for Bioengineering

Design
21. The human brain is often compared to a:
o A) Pump
o B) Camera
o C) CPU
o D) Filter
Answer: C) CPU
22. The eye's function is analogous to a:
o A) Microphone
o B) Camera
o C) Telescope
o D) Radar
Answer: B) Camera
23. The heart functions similarly to a:
o A) Filter
o B) Pump
o C) Processor
o D) Battery
Answer: B) Pump
24. Lungs are comparable to which system in engineering?
o A) Cooling system
o B) Purification system
o C) Hydraulic system
 o D) Electrical system
Answer: B) Purification system
25. Kidneys are analogous to which of the following?
o A) Filtration system
o B) Power generator
o C) Communication network
o D) Structural framework
Answer: A) Filtration system
26. The retina in the eye functions similarly to:
o A) A lens
o B) A film in a camera
o C) A shutter
o D) A flash
Answer: B) A film in a camera
27. Neurons transmit signals in a manner similar to:
o A) Electrical wires
o B) Water pipes
o C) Conveyor belts
o D) Mechanical levers
Answer: A) Electrical wires
28. The alveoli in lungs are comparable to:
o A) Filters
o B) Balloons
o C) Sponges
o D) Valves
Answer: C) Sponges
29. The glomerulus in the kidney functions as a:
o A) Pump
o B) Filter
o C) Sensor
o D) Processor
Answer: B) Filter
30. Synapses in the nervous system are similar to:
o A) Switches
o B) Transmitters
o C) Junctions
o D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above

Module 4: Nature-Bioinspired Materials and Mechanisms

31. Echolocation in bats has inspired advancements in:
o A) Night vision technology
o B) Sonar systems
o C) Thermal imaging
o D) GPS navigation
Answer: B) Sonar systems
32. Photosynthesis has inspired the development of:
o A) Solar panels
 o B) Wind turbines
o C) Hydroelectric dams
o D) Geothermal plants
Answer: A) Solar panels
33. The flight of birds has influenced the design of:
o A) Submarines
o B) Automobiles
o C) Aircraft
o D) Trains
Answer: C) Aircraft
34. The lotus leaf effect has led to the creation of:
o A) Water-absorbing materials
o B) Superhydrophobic surfaces
o C) Sticky adhesives
o D) Transparent coatings
Answer: B) Superhydrophobic surfaces
35. Plant burrs inspired the invention of:
o A) Velcro
o B) Zippers
o C) Buttons
o D) Snaps
Answer: A) Velcro
36. Shark skin structure has influenced the design of:
o A) Non-stick cookware
o B) Aerodynamic cars
o C) Anti-bacterial surfaces
o D) Friction-reducing swimwear
Answer: D) Friction-reducing swimwear
37. The kingfisher's beak inspired improvements in:
o A) Submarine design
o B) Bullet train aerodynamics
o C) Airplane wings
o D) Wind turbine blades
Answer: B) Bullet train aerodynamics
38. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are developed as:
o A) Artificial enzymes
o B) Blood substitutes
o C) Hormone replacements
o D) Nutritional supplements
Answer: B) Blood substitutes
39. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are used in medicine as:
o A) Anesthetics
o B) Blood substitutes
o C) Antibiotics
o D) Vaccines
Answer: B) Blood substitutes
40. The self-cleaning property of the lotus leaf is due to:
o A) Chemical composition

51. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?
o A) Cerebellum
o B) Occipital lobe
 o C) Temporal lobe
o D) Parietal lobe
Answer: B) Occipital lobe
52. The human eye adjusts focus through the action of:
o A) Retina
o B) Iris
o C) Cornea
o D) Ciliary muscles
Answer: D) Ciliary muscles
53. The heart's primary function is to:
o A) Filter blood
o B) Oxygenate blood
o C) Pump blood throughout the body
o D) Produce blood cells
Answer: C) Pump blood throughout the body
54. Gas exchange in the lungs occurs in the:
o A) Bronchi
o B) Trachea
o C) Alveoli
o D) Bronchioles
Answer: C) Alveoli
55. The nephron is the functional unit of which organ?
o A) Liver
o B) Heart
o C) Kidney
o D) Lung
Answer: C) Kidney
56. Which component of the eye is analogous to the aperture of a camera?
o A) Retina
o B) Iris
o C) Lens
o D) Cornea
Answer: B) Iris
57. The sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart functions as:
o A) A valve
o B) A pacemaker
o C) A filter
o D) A muscle
Answer: B) A pacemaker
58. Which part of the kidney is responsible for filtering blood?
o A) Loop of Henle
o B) Collecting duct
o C) Glomerulus
o D) Renal pelvis
Answer: C) Glomerulus
59. In bioengineering, modeling the brain as a CPU helps in understanding:
o A) Blood circulation
o B) Signal processing and control
o C) Muscle movement
o D) Hormone secretion
Answer: B) Signal processing and control
60. The diaphragm plays a crucial role in:
 o A) Digestion
o B) Circulation
o C) Respiration
o D) Excretion
Answer: C) Respiration

Module 4: Nature-Bioinspired Materials and Mechanisms

61. Echolocation is primarily used by:
o A) Birds
o B) Bats
o C) Fish
o D) Reptiles
Answer: B) Bats
62. The process of photosynthesis converts:
o A) Oxygen into carbon dioxide
o B) Carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
o C) Glucose into energy
o D) Nitrogen into proteins
Answer: B) Carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
63. Bird flight has inspired the design of:
o A) Submarines
o B) Airplanes
o C) Automobiles
o D) Trains
Answer: B) Airplanes
64. The lotus leaf effect is characterized by:
o A) High water absorption
o B) Superhydrophobicity
o C) High friction surface
o D) Transparency
Answer: B) Superhydrophobicity
65. Velcro was inspired by which natural structure?
o A) Spider web
o B) Plant burrs
o C) Honeycomb
o D) Pinecone
Answer: B) Plant burrs
66. Shark skin has inspired materials that:
o A) Increase friction
o B) Reduce bacterial growth
o C) Enhance color
o D) Absorb water
Answer: B) Reduce bacterial growth
67. The streamlined beak of the kingfisher has influenced the design of:
o A) Submarines
o B) Bullet trains
o C) Airplane wings
 o D) Wind turbines
Answer: B) Bullet trains
68. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are developed as:
o A) Artificial enzymes
o B) Blood substitutes
o C) Hormone replacements
o D) Nutritional supplements
Answer: B) Blood substitutes
69. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are used in medicine as:
o A) Anesthetics
o B) Blood substitutes
o C) Antibiotics
o D) Vaccines
Answer: B) Blood substitutes
70. The self-cleaning property of the lotus leaf is due to:
o A) Chemical composition
o B) Micro- and nanostructures on the surface
o C) Pigmentation
o D) Thickness of the leaf
Answer: B) Micro- and nanostructures on the surface

Module 5: Trends in Bioengineering

71. Scaffolds in tissue engineering are used to:
o A) Deliver drugs
o B) Provide structural support for cell growth
o C) Transmit electrical signals
o D) Replace hormones
Answer: B) Provide structural support for cell growth
72. Bioprinting involves:
o A) Printing electronic circuits
o B) Printing living cells and biomaterials layer-by-layer
o C) Printing synthetic polymers
o D) Printing DNA sequences
Answer: B) Printing living cells and biomaterials layer-by-layer
73. The 'electronic tongue' is used to:
o A) Detect sound frequencies
o B) Analyze taste profiles
o C) Measure temperature
o D) Monitor heart rate
Answer: B) Analyze taste profiles
74. DNA origami refers to:
o A) Folding DNA into specific shapes for nanotechnology applications
o B) Creating DNA sequences for genetic engineering
o C) Synthesizing artificial DNA
o D) Sequencing genomes
Answer: A) Folding DNA into specific shapes for nanotechnology applications
75. Biocomputing combines biology with:
o A) Mechanical engineering
 o B) Computer science
o C) Civil engineering
o D) Chemical engineering
Answer: B) Computer science
76. Artificial Intelligence in disease diagnosis helps in:
o A) Replacing doctors
o B) Automating surgical procedures
o C) Analyzing complex medical data for accurate diagnosis
o D) Manufacturing medical equipment
Answer: C) Analyzing complex medical data for accurate diagnosis
77. Bio-concrete is a type of concrete that:
o A) Is made entirely from biological materials
o B) Can self-heal cracks using bacteria
o C) Is biodegradable
o D) Changes color over time
Answer: B) Can self-heal cracks using bacteria
78. Bioremediation involves:
o A) Using chemicals to clean pollutants
o B) Using microorganisms to degrade environmental contaminants
o C) Physically removing waste
o D) Incinerating hazardous materials
Answer: B) Using microorganisms to degrade environmental contaminants
79. Biomining is the process of:
o A) Extracting minerals using traditional mining techniques
o B) Using microorganisms to extract metals from ores
o C) Mining biological samples for research
o D) Digging fossils
Answer: B) Using microorganisms to extract metals from ores
80. The 'electronic nose' is designed to:
o A) Detect visual cues
o B) Analyze odors and detect specific gases
o C) Measure humidity
o D) Monitor blood pressure
Answer: B) Analyze odors and detect specific gases

81.What is the primary role of scaffolds in tissue engineering?

 A) To provide nutrients to cells

 B) To act as a framework for cell attachment and tissue development
 C) To replace damaged organs directly
 D) To deliver drugs to specific sites

Answer: B) To act as a framework for cell attachment and tissue development

82. Which property makes skeletal systems suitable as natural scaffolds in bioengineering?

 A) Flexibility
 B) Electrical conductivity
 C) Structural strength and support
 D) High metabolic activity
Answer: C) Structural strength and support

83. Bioprinting primarily utilizes which of the following materials?

 A) Metals
 B) Ceramics
 C) Bioinks composed of living cells and biomaterials
 D) Synthetic polymers only

Answer: C) Bioinks composed of living cells and biomaterials

84. The electronic tongue is designed to mimic which human sense?

 A) Sight
 B) Hearing
 C) Taste
 D) Touch

Answer: C) Taste

85. DNA origami involves:

 A) Sequencing DNA for genetic analysis

 B) Folding DNA strands into specific nanoscale shapes
 C) Replicating DNA in vitro
 D) Editing genes using CRISPR

Answer: B) Folding DNA strands into specific nanoscale shapes

86. Biocomputing refers to:

 A) Using biological molecules for computational processes

 B) Computing biological data using traditional computers
 C) Simulating biological systems
 D) Programming living organisms

Answer: A) Using biological molecules for computational processes

87. Artificial intelligence aids in disease diagnosis by:

 A) Replacing doctors entirely

 B) Analyzing complex medical data for patterns and anomalies
 C) Performing surgeries autonomously
  D) Prescribing medications without human input

Answer: B) Analyzing complex medical data for patterns and anomalies

88. Bio-concrete is innovative because it:

 A) Is lighter than traditional concrete

 B) Can self-heal cracks through bacterial activity
 C) Is made entirely from recycled materials
 D) Changes color over time

Answer: B) Can self-heal cracks through bacterial activity

89. Bioremediation utilizes:

 A) Chemical agents to neutralize pollutants

 B) Physical removal of contaminants
 C) Microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants
 D) Incineration of waste materials

Answer: C) Microorganisms to degrade environmental pollutants

90. Biomining is the process of:

 A) Extracting minerals using traditional mining techniques

 B) Using microorganisms to extract metals from ores
 C) Mining biological samples for research
 D) Digging fossils

Answer: B) Using microorganisms to extract metals from ores

91. Which of the following is a challenge in bioprinting?

 A) Lack of interest in the field

 B) Difficulty in obtaining bioinks
 C) Ensuring cell viability during the printing process
 D) Excessive cost of traditional printers

Answer: C) Ensuring cell viability during the printing process

92. The electronic nose is primarily used to:

 A) Detect visual cues

  B) Analyze odors and detect specific gases
 C) Measure humidity
 D) Monitor blood pressure

Answer: B) Analyze odors and detect specific gases

93. DNA origami structures are held together by:

 A) Covalent bonds
 B) Ionic bonds
 C) Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs
 D) Metallic bonds

Answer: C) Hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs

94. In biocomputing, DNA is used because:

 A) It is inexpensive
 B) It can store vast amounts of information in a small space
 C) It is easily modified
 D) It conducts electricity

Answer: B) It can store vast amounts of information in a small space

95. AI algorithms in healthcare can assist in:

 A) Cooking meals for patients

 B) Cleaning hospital rooms
 C) Predicting disease outbreaks and patient diagnosis
 D) Transporting patients

Answer: C) Predicting disease outbreaks and patient diagnosis

96. The self-healing property of bio-concrete is due to:

 A) Embedded steel rods

 B) Chemical additives
 C) Bacteria that precipitate calcium carbonate
 D) Flexible polymers

Answer: C) Bacteria that precipitate calcium carbonate

97. A major advantage of bioremediation is:

 A) High cost
 B) Minimal environmental disturbance
 C) Quick results
 D) Use of hazardous chemicals

Answer: B) Minimal environmental disturbance

98. Biomining is particularly useful for extracting:

 A) Organic compounds
 B) Precious metals like gold and copper
 C) Fossil fuels
 D) Radioactive elements

Answer: B) Precious metals like gold and copper

99. In tissue engineering, scaffolds must:

 A) Be biodegradable and support cell growth

 B) Be permanent and non-degradable
 C) Repel water
 D) Conduct electricity

Answer: A) Be biodegradable and support cell growth

100. The electronic tongue can be applied in:

 A) Visual arts
 B) Music production
 C) Food quality assessment
 D) Weather forecasting

Answer: C) Food quality assessment