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The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, thrived from 2600 BC to 1900 BC, marked by significant archaeological discoveries in the 1920s. It featured advanced town planning, a sophisticated drainage system, and a vibrant economy based on agriculture, trade, and various industries. Dholavira, a notable site from this civilization, has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site for its monumental structures and early water conservation systems.

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40 views20 pages

3 PPT

The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, thrived from 2600 BC to 1900 BC, marked by significant archaeological discoveries in the 1920s. It featured advanced town planning, a sophisticated drainage system, and a vibrant economy based on agriculture, trade, and various industries. Dholavira, a notable site from this civilization, has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site for its monumental structures and early water conservation systems.

Uploaded by

kumar9852197
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Indus Valley Civilisation/

Harappan Civilisation
IVC/ Harappa Civilisation (2600 BC -1900 BC)
•1850- Alexzender Cunningham (father of Indian archaeology)
•1920s- Excavations
•First excavation- Harappa- D R Sahani 1921
•Mohanjadaro- R D Bannerji- 1922
Architecture

01. Town Planning


• Citadal and Lower
town.
• Granery and ‘Great
Bath’
• Drainage system
• Grid pattern
02. Domestic Architecture
• Use of burnt bricks,
• no window,
• Double story,
• presence of well.
• Rooms built around a courtyard.
• Most houses had a separate
bathroom paved with bricks.
• Every house was connected to
the street drains.
• remains of staircases to reach a
second storey or the roof.
Economy
•01. Agriculture-
•Main crops- Wheat and Barley; Sesame, Lentil grams and
cotton.
•Animals- Sheep, goat, Buffaloo, pig etc.
•Evidence of Ploughing in Kalibangan (Rj),
•Water reservoir- Dholavira,
•Canal irrigation in Shotughai
Evidence of Ploughing in Kalibangan (Rj),
02. Industry
• Gold smith, Brick makers, Stone
cutters, Terracota manufactors.
03. Trade
• Export- Wheat, Barley, Cotton
• Import- Gold silver copper and other
precious stones.
• Mesopotania called India- Meluha
• Shortughai and Bharuch- Famous for
Lapiz Lazuli
04. Social Life
• Language
• Script- ‘Boustrophedon’.
• Wool and cotton fabric
• Ornaments- Jasper, crystal, quartz and
steatite; metals like copper, bronze and
gold; and shell, faience and terracotta
or burnt clay
• Domestication of animals

05. Religion
• Religious in nature.
• Mother Goddess, Sapt Matrika, Pashu
pati, Linga, Peel Tree and snakes.
• No temple
•06. Political life
•Citadal- Seat of power
•Taxes were collected in the form of grains
•More concerned with commerce than
conquest.
•No effective warrior class.
Art and Craft
• Art of bronze-casting- using the
‘lost wax’ technique or the
'cire-perdu' - ‘Dancing Girl’
• Terracotta images
• Polychrome pottery
UNESCO names Harappan city of
Dholavira as world heritage site
Dholavira which is locally known as Kotada Timba
located in the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat

Belonged to the matured Harappan


phase and was excavated by the
Archeological Survey of India in
1967.
Dholavira was occupied from 3rd
millennium BCE to the middle of
2nd millennium BCE
Dholavira a monumental
structures

• A sophisticated
drainage system and
gateways.
It was a well-planned
town and its layout
has given
archaeologists great
insight into the life
and times of the
Dholavira has one of the world's earliest water conservation
systems ever excavated.

Water reservoir with steps


Square well at Citadel
Ten letter inscription
on the sign board

3 meter long inscription - signboard right above the door of the.


Artefacts
Terracotta pottery,
beads, seals, fish hooks,
animal figurines, urns,
gold and copper
ornaments, and some
imported vessels that
indicate trade links with
lands as far away as
Mesopotamia.
4th World Heritage
site of Gujarat

Besides Dholavira, the


other heritage sites include
Champaner near Pavagadh,
Rani ki Vav in Patan and
the historic city of
Ahmedabad

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