1a. Discuss the structural design of the lungs and the mechanisms involved in gas exchange.
Describe the heart's architecture and its electrical signaling pathways.
OR
2a. How are bioimaging techniques integrated with artificial intelligence to enhance disease
diagnosis?
2b. Explore the concept of 3D printed foods. What are the potential benefits and challenges of this
technology in the food industry?
Section II
3a. Explain the lotus leaf effect and its application in creating superhydrophobic and self-cleaning
surfaces.
In which industries are these bio-inspired surfaces particularly beneficial?
3b. Describe the process of photosynthesis in plants and how it has influenced the development of
photovoltaic cells and bionic leaves.
OR
4a. How has the unique texture of shark skin influenced the design of friction-reducing swimwear?
4b. Describe how the shape of the kingfisher's beak has inspired the aerodynamic design of bullet
trains.