“Towards Global Technical Excellence”
A Major Project Report on
“AN IMPLEMENTATION OF APFC IN EV INFRASTRUCTURE”
Submitted to Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University in the partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree BACHELOR OF
TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Submitted by
ID Name of the student
21003018 Dishendra N. Jadhav
21003021 Yashshree A. Jawalkar
21003022 Nikhita K. Dhote
21003023 Jaykumar R. Jungare
21003026 Shravani A. Aware
21003028 Sarvesh L.Chude
Under the Guidance of
Dr. R.B.Sharma
Assistant professor
(Department of Electrical
Engineering GCOE, Amravati)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Government College of Engineering, Amravati
(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)
Maharashtra State, India
(2024-2025)
i
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING,AMRAVATI.444604
(An Autonomous Institute of Government of Maharashtra)
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING,
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that project entitled, “IMPLEMENTATION OF APFC IN EV
INFRASTRUCTURE” which is being submitted herewith for the award of the degree of
Bachelor ofTechnology in Electrical Engineering from Government College of Engineering,
Amravatiduringtheacademicyear2024-2025,is the work completed (21003018) Dishendra N.
Jadhav,(21003021)Yashshree A.Jawalkar,(21003022)Nikhita K. Dhote,(21003023) Jaykumar
R.Jungare(21003026),Shravani A.Aware(21003028),Sarvesh L Chude (21003028)Under my
supervision and guidance within the institute and the same has not been submitted elsewhere
for the award of any degree.
Dr. R. B. Sharma Examiner
Guide
(Department of Electrical
Engineering Government College
of Engineering)
Dr. V. M. Jape Dr. A. M. Mahalle
Head of Department Principal
(Department of Electrical (Government College of
Engineering Government Engineering, Amravati)
College of
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DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the project entitled “IMPLEMENTATION OF APFC IN EV
INFRASTRUCTURE” was carried out and written by us under the guidance of Dr. R. B.
Sharma Sir, Department of Electrical Engineering, Government College of Engineering,
Amravati. This work has not infringed any patented work and has not been submitted to other
universities or elsewhere for the award of any degree or professional diploma to the best of
my knowledge.
(21003018) Dishendra Jadhav
(21003021) Yashshree Jawalkar
(21003022) Nikhita Dhote
(21003023) Jaykumar Jungare
(21003026) Shravani Aware
(21003028) Sarvesh Chude
Date:
Place:Amravati
iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We find ourselves delighted at the success of our project to express heartfelt thanks in paying
debt of gratitude to our respected guide Dr. R. B. Sharma whose enthusiasm for the subject
and highly accurate suggestions have been helpful in improving the project significantly. We
would also wish to express deep sense of gratitude to Dr. V. M. Jape Head of Electrical
Engineering Department, GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, AMRAVATI
for providing us with laboratory facility as and when required. We are thankful to Dr. A. M.
Mahalle, Principal for support and motivation extended from time to time.We are thankful to
all the faculty members as well as to all laboratory staff members for their full cooperation
through out our project work and also thanks to our parents for financial and emotional
support. It is indeed a great pleasure and privilege to express our thanks to our colleagues,
friends and other well-wishers, who directly or indirectly, have given splendid help and
valuable suggestions.
(21003018) Dishendra Jadhav
(21003021) Yashshree Jawalkar
(21003022 ) Nikhita Dhote
(21003023) Jaykumar Jungare
(21003026) Shravani Aware
(21003028) Sarvesh Chude
Date:
Place:Amravati
iv
ABSTRACT
The ongoing transition toward sustainable transportation has led to a rapid surge in Electric Vehicle (EV)
adoption worldwide. This trend, while crucial for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on
fossil fuels, introduces substantial challenges to existing electrical infrastructure, particularly with regard
to power quality. One of the critical issues is the deterioration of power factor caused by the widespread
deployment of EV charging stations. EV chargers, particularly fast chargers, involve power electronic
interfaces that draw non-linear, reactive currents from the grid, leading to a poor power factor. A low
power factor not only results in inefficient utilization of electrical power but also increases transmission
losses, elevates the burden on generation resources, causes voltage instability, and incurs penalties from
utility providers. Therefore, the implementation of Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC) systems
within EV charging infrastructure becomes an essential technological intervention.
This research focuses on the systematic design, integration, and optimization of APFC systems
specifically adapted for the unique operational profile of EV chargers. The APFC unit dynamically
monitors real-time load conditions and compensates for reactive power through the intelligent switching
of capacitor banks, utilization of active power filters, or a hybrid combination of both, depending on the
type of EV charger (AC Level 1, Level 2, DC fast chargers) and load variability. The control architecture
employs advanced microcontrollers, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), and Field Programmable Gate
Arrays (FPGAs) for rapid decision-making and precise control. Sophisticated algorithms, including
Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers, fuzzy logic, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN),
are explored to enhance system adaptability and reliability under dynamic charging loads.
Additionally, the APFC system proposed is embedded with IoT (Internet of Things) and cloud
connectivity features, enabling remote monitoring, predictive analytics for maintenance, and real-time
reporting of power quality indices. The intelligent APFC solution provides grid operators and station
managers with actionable insights to proactively manage load profiles and optimize energy consumption.
Through extensive simulations conducted in MATLAB/Simulink and hardware prototyping on scaled-
down EV charging models, the proposed APFC system demonstrates remarkable improvement in power
factor, typically enhancing it from baseline values of 0.7–0.8 to nearly 0.99 under various operating
scenarios. Experimental results further confirm reductions in reactive power flow, minimization of
harmonic distortions (maintaining Total Harmonic Distortion within IEEE-519 prescribed limits), and
significant improvements in voltage stability at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC).
A case study on retrofitting an urban EV fast-charging station with APFC technology reveals a 22%
reduction in apparent power demand, 18% decrease in transformer losses, and substantial cost savings
from avoided utility penalties over a 12-month analysis period. The environmental impact is also
considered, noting that improved power factor translates to lower overall energy production requirements,
thus reducing the carbon footprint associated with EV charging networks.
The paper concludes that the deployment of Automatic Power Factor Correctors in EV infrastructure not
only enhances operational efficiency and economic viability but also supports broader objectives of grid
modernization and renewable energy integration. Future directions include the exploration of AI-driven
adaptive APFC systems capable of self-tuning and learning-based control to further accommodate the
stochastic behavior of EV charging patterns.
