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English Language 10th

The document is a chapter-wise question bank for ICSE English Language Paper-1 for Class 10, published by Nodia and Company. It includes information on various subjects and their corresponding question banks spanning 20 years of past year questions. The book is available for purchase on Amazon and Flipkart, with a listed price of Rs 360.00.

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English Language 10th

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ICSE 2026
ENGLISH
LANGUAGE
Paper-1

CLASS 10

Chapter-wise Question Bank

NODIA AND COMPANY

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ICSE English Language Paper-1 Class 10
Edition April 2025
Copyright © By Nodia and Company

Information contained in this book has been obtained by author, from sources believes to be reliable.
However, neither Nodia and Company nor its author guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any
information herein, and Nodia and Company nor its author shall be responsible for any error, omissions,
or damages arising out of use of this information. This book is published with the understanding that
Nodia and Company and its author are supplying information but are not attempting to render
engineering or other professional services.

MRP Rs 360.00

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Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp
Environmental
MATHEMATICS PHYSICS CHEMISTRY BIOLOGY Applications
Class 10 Class 10 Class 10 Class 10 Class 10

NODIA ICSE NODIA ICSE NODIA ICSE NODIA ICSE NODIA ICSE
CHAPTERWISE CHAPTERWISE CHAPTERWISE CHAPTERWISE CHAPTERWISE
20 Years PYQ Bank 20 Years PYQ Bank 20 Years PYQ Bank 20 Years PYQ Bank 20 Years PYQ Bank
2025-2005 (54 Papers) 2025-2005 (54 Papers) 2025-2005 (54 Papers) 2025-2005 (54 Papers) 2025-2005 (54 Papers)
Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp
HISTORY COMPUTER Environmental
GEOGRAPHY HINDI
& APPLICATION Science
Class 10 CIVICS Class 10 Class 10 Class 10
Class 10

ENGLISH LITERATURE COMMERICAL Economic

LANGUAGE IN ECONOMICS STUDIES Applications
Class 10
ENGLISH Class 10 Class 10 Class 10
Class 10

NODIA ICSE NODIA ICSE NODIA ICSE NODIA ICSE NODIA ICSE
CHAPTERWISE CHAPTERWISE CHAPTERWISE CHAPTERWISE CHAPTERWISE
20 Years PYQ Bank 20 Years PYQ Bank 20 Years PYQ Bank 20 Years PYQ Bank 20 Years PYQ Bank
2025-2005 (54 Papers) 2025-2005 (54 Papers) 2025-2005 (54 Papers) 2025-2005 (54 Papers) 2025-2005 (54 Papers)
Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp
Commercial Physical Robotics
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Class 10 Class 10 Class 10 Class 10 Class 10

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Class 12 Class 12 Class 12 Class 12 Class 12

ELECTRICITY
COMPUTER ENGINEERING & HISTORY POLITICAL
SCIENCE SCIENCE SCIENCE
ELECTRONICS
Class 12 Class 12 Class 12 Class 12 Class 12

GEOGRAPHY PSYCHOLOGY LEGAL PHYSICAL

SOCIOLOGY
STUDIES EDUCATION
Class 12 Class 12 Class 12 Class 12 Class 12

HOME ACCOUNTS BUSINEESS ECONOMICS

MASS MEDIA
&
SCIENCE STUDIES COMMUNICATION
Class 12 Class 12 Class 12 Class 12 Class 12

ENGLISH ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE
Class 12 Class 12 Class 12 Class 12 Class 12

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2025-2005 (54 Papers) 2025-2005 (54 Papers) 2025-2005 (54 Papers) 2025-2005 (54 Papers) 2025-2005 (54 Papers)
Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp
HISTORY COMPUTER Environmental
GEOGRAPHY HINDI
& APPLICATION Science
Class 9 CIVICS Class 9 Class 9 Class 9
Class 9

ENGLISH LITERATURE COMMERICAL Economic

LANGUAGE IN ECONOMICS STUDIES Applications
Class 9
ENGLISH Class 9 Class 9 Class 9
Class 9

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Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp Main, SQP and Comp
Commercial Physical Robotics
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Class 9 Class 9 Class 9 Class 9 Class 9

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Class 11 Class 11 Class 11 Class 11 Class 11

ELECTRICITY
COMPUTER ENGINEERING & HISTORY POLITICAL
SCIENCE SCIENCE SCIENCE
ELECTRONICS
Class 11 Class 11 Class 11 Class 11 Class 11

GEOGRAPHY PSYCHOLOGY LEGAL PHYSICAL

SOCIOLOGY
STUDIES EDUCATION
Class 11 Class 11 Class 11 Class 11 Class 11

HOME ACCOUNTS BUSINEESS ECONOMICS

MASS MEDIA
&
SCIENCE STUDIES COMMUNICATION
Class 11 Class 11 Class 11 Class 11 Class 11

ENGLISH ENVIRONMENTAL
SCIENCE
Class 11 Class 11 Class 11 Class 11 Class 11

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Contents
ICSE Exam Paper 2025 5-14

I. Writing Skills

CHAP 1. Composition 15-44

CHAP 2. Letter Writing 45-60

CHAP 3. Notice Writing 61-72

CHAP 4. E-Mail Writing 73-88

II. Reading Skills

CHAP 5. Comprehension 89-145

III. Functional Grammar

CHAP 6. Verb Forms (Tenses) 146-169

CHAP 7. Prepositions 170-190

CHAP 8. Conjunctions 191-212

CHAP 9. Transformation of Sentences 213-258

********

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 5
English Language Exam 2025

ICSE Examination Paper 2025

English language
English Paper - 1

Time allowed : 2 Hours Maximum marks : 80

1. Answer to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.
2. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
3. This time is to be spent in reading the question paper.
4. The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the answers.
5. Attempt all five questions
6. The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [ ].
7. You are advised to spend not more than 30 minutes in answering Question 1 and 20 minutes in answering
Question 2.

QUESTION 1. Raju carefully made a beautiful wedding

(Do not spend more than 30 minutes on this question.) gown from simple white cloth, decorating it with
Write a composition (300 – 350 words) on any one of fine embroidery. As he worked, every stitch carried
the following: [20] his hopes for a better life. When the competition
day came, Raju saw many grand and expensive
(i) Write an original short story in which a poor clothes made by big designers. Even though his
tailor wins an award which changes his/her life. own gown looked plain in comparison, it had a
Ans : simple beauty and showed great skill.
Much to everyone’s surprise, Raju won the top
The Golden Thread prize. The judges loved how carefully he had sewn
Raju was a poor tailor who lived in a small the dress and could feel the heart he put into it.
village near a busy city. Every day, from morning With the prize money and new fame, Raju made
until night, he sat in his tiny workshop with just his workshop bigger, bought better machines, and
one sewing machine. He fixed torn clothes and hired two helpers from his village. Soon, many
stitched simple outfits for the villagers. Although people from the city and other places began
he did not earn much money, he never refused ordering clothes from him. He also repaired his
anyone who could not pay. Often, people would small house and paid for his children’s schooling.
give him small amounts of cash or sometimes That one competition changed Raju’s life.
fresh vegetables or fruits instead of money. Still, he never forgot his roots. He continued to
One day, a traveling merchant came to Raju’s fix clothes for the villagers at low cost or even for
shop and saw how neatly Raju had repaired a free when they could not pay. In every piece of
coat. The merchant was very impressed and clothing he made, people could feel his kindness.
asked Raju about his work. After learning that This showed that true skill is not just about
Raju made all his designs by hand, the merchant talent, but also about having a generous heart
advised him to join a big tailoring competition and believing in one’s dreams.
in the city. At first, Raju was unsure, because he
(ii) Your friends once played a harmless prank on
had never competed before, and he thought that
you. Give an account of what happened, your
a poor tailor could not do as well as the famous
response to the prank and what you learnt from
city tailors. But the merchant encouraged him, so
the experience.
Raju decided to try.

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ICSE EXAMINATION PAPER 2025

Ans : club show, and the yearly sports meet. Inside the
canteen, students line up for packets of chips or
A Harmless Prank hot tea. The smell of samosas and freshly made
I clearly remember the day my friends played sandwiches drifts through the air, mixing with
a funny trick on me. It was a bright Saturday the sounds of laughter. Nearby, a small group of
afternoon, and we were at my house celebrating juniors gathers around someone showing off a new
the end of our final exams. Without my knowledge, dance step. They giggle and clap at every move.
they had planned a prank: they told me that Stepping outside, the school grounds are just as
our favorite actor was filming at the local sports energetic. Some students play soccer in one corner,
stadium and that if I wanted an autograph, I had while in another area, badminton players send the
to get there right away. shuttlecock flying back and forth. Under the shade
I was so excited that I rushed out of the house, of tall trees, a few friends sit quietly on benches,
my heart beating fast. My friends followed me, trying sipping water or looking through their notebooks.
hard not to laugh. When we arrived at the stadium, The field echoes with shouts of encouragement,
I found it completely empty. I searched everywhere, cheers of victory, and a steady buzz of voices.
but there were no cameras, no lights, and definitely Suddenly, the bell rings again, and everything
no famous actor. Suddenly, my friends burst into changes. The loud chatter fades, and everyone
laughter and admitted it was all a joke. At first, I walks calmly to their classrooms. The once-
felt embarrassed and a bit annoyed. crowded corridors empty in seconds. The canteen
Before long, though, I joined in their laughter. staff clears up, and the playground becomes
They meant no harm; they just wanted to make almost silent, except for a few lingering footsteps
our weekend more fun. We ended up playing or whispered words. In no time at all, order
football on the empty field, enjoying the space returns, and classes begin once more, as if the
and joking about how easily I was fooled. By the bright, noisy break was just a short pause in the
end of the day, all my annoyance had vanished, day’s schedule.
and I felt thankful for having such entertaining
friends. (iv) “More collaboration, less competition is the need
From this experience, I learned two key of the hour.”
lessons. First, a sense of humor can ease almost Express your views either for or against this
any awkward moment, turning it into something statement.
we can laugh about together. Second, I realized Ans :
I should be a bit more careful and not believe
everything instantly. In the end, the prank More Collaboration, Less Competition
reminded me just how strong our friendship is Is the Need of the Hour
and how laughter can bring people closer. For the Motion :
(iii) Describe what you see and hear as you move I strongly believe that in today’s connected
about the corridors and compound during your world, working together is more important
school break time. How does the scene change than constantly competing. Although some
after the bell rings? competition can encourage fresh ideas, it can
also create rivalry and isolation if it goes too far.
Ans :
In contrast, collaboration allows us to combine
Sights and Sounds at School Break Time our resources, skills, and ideas to solve problems
The moment the bell rings for our school break, faster and better.
the whole place springs to life. I step out of my First, when people collaborate, they share
classroom and see students rushing in every expertise. In our rapidly changing global
direction. Some head straight to the canteen for economy, no single person or company can have
a quick snack, while others make their way to the all the knowledge needed to succeed. By teaming
basketball court. The hallways are filled with lively up, individuals with different strengths can learn
chatter—friends calling out to each other, talking from each other. For example, when scientists
about new movies or the next chemistry test. from different countries join forces on a research
As I walk down the corridor, I pass brightly project, they add to each other’s findings, avoid
colored posters on the walls. They advertise repeating the same work, and make quicker, more
different events, like a charity drive, a drama meaningful discoveries for the benefit of everyone.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 7

Second, teamwork encourages creativity. There is a woman in a pink and orange sari
Working together brings in new perspectives and dropping another brinjal into the basket, a young
helpful feedback, which spark original ideas. In man steadying it for her, and a small child, likely
a classroom, group projects often achieve better a helper or younger sibling, peeking from behind
results than individual work because students can the leaves with excitement in his eyes.
combine their talents and solve problems together. Looking closer, you can see a simple hut in
Third, focusing on cooperation rather than the background and dirt paths winding through
competition can reduce stress and burnout. the fields. Despite having few possessions, they
Too much competition often creates a tense seem to belong here, content with their work.
atmosphere where people focus only on personal Each brinjal they pick is not just food but a sign
success rather than helping each other. This can of hope, patience, and teamwork with the land.
lead to anxiety and strained relationships. On the You can almost feel the warm midday sun, smell
other hand, a supportive, team-based environment the freshly turned soil, and hear the soft rustling
lets people share workloads, learn from mistakes, of leaves as they move between the rows.
and celebrate victories as a group. This image makes us think about the true
Of course, this does not mean we should meaning of a harvest. It is not only about
eliminate competition completely. A reasonable picking crops; it is also about working together
level of competition can push us to aim higher. as a family and a community. People who farm
Still, the greatest progress happens when we pool together build strong bonds. They share laughter,
our abilities to tackle challenges together. By stories, and dreams for the future. In doing so,
finding the right balance—trying our best while the harvest brings everyone closer and shows that
also lifting each other up—we can build a more when we pool our efforts, even hard work becomes
inclusive and successful future. In our increasingly enjoyable.
interconnected world, “more collaboration and In a world that often moves too fast, this
less competition” truly feels like the way forward. peaceful rural scene offers a lesson: true happiness
(v) Study the picture given below. Write a story or a can come from simple things, like gathering
description or an account of what it suggests to vegetables under a warm sun. Through honest
you. Your composition may be about the subject work, people deepen their friendships and learn
of the picture, or you may take suggestions from that real riches come not just from what we grow,
it; however, there must be a clear connection but from what we share with each other in our
between the picture and your composition. hearts.

QUESTION 2.
(Do not spend more than 20 minutes on this
question.) [10]
Select any one of the following:
(i) Your grandmother has taught you a special skill.
Write a letter thanking her. Explain how you will
use that skill and why it is important to you.
Ans :
45, Green Park Lane
Sunrise City
2nd April 2025
Ans : Dear Grandma,
I hope you are doing well and staying happy.
A Picture of Harvest and Harmony I want to thank you for teaching me how to knit
In the photo, three people are standing in a lush last month. Sitting beside you and watching your
field of green plants, picking purple brinjals and hands move the knitting needles so gracefully
placing them into a bright green basket. Even was a wonderful experience. Now that I know
though I cannot hear them, I can tell they are the basics, I realize how peaceful and enjoyable
happy from their laughter and friendly smiles. knitting can be.

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ICSE EXAMINATION PAPER 2025

I plan to use this new skill to make simple Ans :

scarves and hats for people at our local shelter.
NOTICE
Knitting is a great way to relax after a long
day at college, and it also lets me do something ABC School, Newtown
meaningful for others. Inter School Story Writing Competition
Thank you so much, Grandma, for sharing Date: 4th April, 2025
this special skill with me. Through knitting, you All students are informed that our school
have taught me about patience, creativity, and is hosting an ‘Inter School Story Writing
the happiness that comes from helping others. Competition’ on 15th April 2025 in the school
With love and gratitude, auditorium. Students from Classes VI to XII
Your Grandson are welcome to participate.
Vinod Topic : “Adventures in a Magical World”
(ii) There is no bus stop in your locality. Write a Time : 10:00 am to 1:00 pm
letter to the Municipal Commissioner of your Venue : School Auditorium
town/city complaining about the problem. Offer Registration : Submit your names to your
possible solutions. English teacher by 10th April 2025.
Winners will receive certificates and exciting
Ans :
prizes. For any questions, please contact the
42, Maple Drive Literary Club in Room 12.
Brighton Colony
Sunrise City – 123456 Signed
2nd April, 2025 Rahul Kumar
The Municipal Commissioner Literary Club Secretary
Sunrise City Municipal Corporation (ii) Write an email to a famous person inviting him/
Sunrise City – 123456 her to be the Judge on the occasion. [5]
Dear Sir/Madam, Ans :
Subject : Request for a Bus Stop in Brighton
To abc@gmail.com
Colony.
I am writing to share the problems faced by Subject Invitation to Judge Our Inter-School
the people of Brighton Colony because there is Story Writing Competition
no proper bus stop in our area. Our population Dear Ms. Ananya Sen,
is growing, with many students, working adults, I hope you are doing well. I am writing on behalf
and older residents who all need a convenient bus of Sunrise Public School, New Delhi, where we are
stop. Unfortunately, the nearest one is almost two hosting an Inter-School Story Writing Competition
kilometers away. on 20th April 2025. It would be an honor for us if
This long distance is especially hard for you could be the judge for this event.
elderly people and those who must travel every Our competition will be held in the School
day. It often causes them to miss buses or pay Auditorium from 10:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. We
for expensive transport. If a bus stop could be believe your achievements in literature will
placed in a central location, like near the Brighton greatly inspire our students, and your presence
Colony Community Hall, it would save time and would make the event truly memorable.
ease traffic issues for everyone. We understand you have a busy schedule, but
I kindly ask you to consider setting up a bus we would be delighted if you could spare some
stop in our area. Your quick action and support time to guide our budding writers. Kindly let us
will be a great help to our community. know if you can accept our invitation at your
Yours faithfully, earliest convenience.
Abhishek Sharma Thank you for your kind consideration. We look
forward to your positive response.
QUESTION 3. Warm regards,
Rohan Gupta
(i) Your school is hosting an Inter School Story
Secretary, Literary Club
Writing Competition. Write a notice informing
Sunrise Public School, New Delhi
the students about the event. [5]
Contact: 98765xxxx

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 9

QUESTION 4. and you can help me for two hours a day. Perhaps
I can make a watch mender of you.”
Read the following passage carefully and answer the
–Village by the Sea by Anita Desai
questions that follow:
A little later, when he went to the pump to wash, (i) For each word given below choose the correct
he saw the school children pouring by with their meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
satchels across their shoulders. They all wore the provided: [2]
same clothes – grey shorts or skirts and light blue 1. satchels (line 2)
shirts or blouses – faded and mended, and they all (a) snatching
had their hair oiled and combed down very flat. (b) scarves
Some went by in laughing, racing groups, others (c) school bags
had to be led by their mothers or grandparents (d) sweaters
to the school building. This reminded him of his 2 spare (line 10)
sisters in the village. (a) share
The boys in the kitchen now looked at him (b) offer
with less hostility. Jagu seemed pleased with (c) thin
Hari too, and sometimes handed him a glass of (d) extra
tea in the middle of the day. When he had a few
moments to spare, Jagu sat down at one of the Ans :
long wooden tables, drummed loudly on it and 1. (c) school bags
sang a song in a dialect Hari did not know. When In the passage, the children are described as
he caught Hari listening and smiling, he smiled carrying satchels over their shoulders while
back. Then Hari knew that he too had a village going to school. This context clearly indicates
somewhere that he called home. It was just that that a “satchel” is a type of bag used to carry
he was a silent, hardworking, worried man and books and other school items. Therefore,
had no time and no gift for speech. “satchels” here specifically refers to school
It was the watch mender, Mr. Panwallah, bags.
who was truly a benefactor, the kindest and most 2. (d) extra
helpful of all. One afternoon, during those hot, When the passage states that Jagu hands Hari
still hours when there were no customers for a tea “when he had a few moments to spare,”
change, Hari was standing in front of the eating it shows Jagu making time available from his
house, idly watching the traffic because he was busy schedule. Here, “spare” means “extra”
too tired to do anything else, and Mr. Panwallah or “free,” indicating that the free moments
called to him to come and sit beside him on the are not already committed to other tasks.
bench behind the counter in his shop. (ii) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
“Want to help?” he asked. “Want to learn ‘closed’ ? [1]
how to make a clock tick? I’m just going to open (a) behind
this big grandfather clock sent to me for repair (b) fascinated
– you’ll be able to see the workings plain. Don’t (c) opened
often get a piece like this anymore – wall clocks, (d) revealing
yes, and electronic gadgets – but you don’t often
come upon a grandfather clock like this. It’s a real Ans :
piece of luck, being able to show you one of this (c) opened
size. Look,” he said, swinging open the door at the In the passage, Mr. Panwallah “swings open
back and revealing the machinery to a fascinated the door” of the grandfather clock, which is the
Hari who felt as if the door had opened into a opposite action of “closing” it. “Opened” contrasts
new and strange house. Mr. Panwallah showed directly with “closed” because it involves moving
Hari what was wrong with it, what had made it something so it is no longer shut. Hence, “opened”
stop. “Interesting, isn’t it? How would you like is the word that means the opposite of “closed.”
to learn? Tell you what – I’ll take you on as an (iii) Answer the following questions briefly in your
apprentice. You don’t have much to do between own words:
two and four, do you? Of course you will have to (a) How were the school children dressed? [2]
ask Jagu first. I can pay you a little, not much,
(b) In what way was Jagu kind to Hari? [2]

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ICSE EXAMINATION PAPER 2025

(c) What did the song tell Hari about Jagu? [2] “Throw it out of the window quick!”
(d) Which sentence in the passage tells us that He (7) .......... (hesitate). They all (8) ..........
Jagu was not a talkative man? [2] (look) at me.

(e) Why were there no customers at that time of Ans :

the day? [1] 1. found
Ans : “Found” is the simple past tense of “find.”
This indicates a completed action in the
(a) They wore identical uniforms consisting of past, showing that the speaker and others
grey shorts or skirts with light blue shirts or discovered the mouse at that specific moment.
blouses. All of them had their hair oiled and Since the entire passage is narrated in the
combed flat. past, “found” fits the timeline and highlights
(b) Jagu showed kindness by giving Hari tea the event of discovery.
in the middle of the day and by generally 2. lying
treating him with less hostility, letting Hari “Lying” is the present participle of “lie,”
know he was not alone. used here to describe the mouse’s continuous
(c) Hari realized that Jagu must also have a village position among the treasures. It functions like
he called home. Jagu’s song showed he was an adjective, painting a picture of the mouse
a simple, hardworking man who had worries as it was found. This form conveys that the
and little time for conversation, but shared mouse remained there in that state when the
Hari’s rural background and experiences. speakers discovered it.
(d) The sentence is: “It was just that he was a 3. was
silent, hardworking, worried man and had no “Was” is the simple past tense of the verb “be,”
time and no gift for speech.” linking “It” (the discovery) to the description
(e) It was a hot and still period in the afternoon “exciting.” This choice emphasizes that the
when customers rarely visited, so the shop excitement occurred in a past moment. The
was quiet. use of “was” continues the past narration,
(iv) In not more than 50 words describe how Mr. telling readers how the characters perceived
Panwallah introduced Hari to watch mending. [8] this discovery at that time.
4. waved
Ans :
“Waved” is the simple past tense of “wave.”
During a quiet afternoon with no customers, Mr. It describes the boy’s action of moving the
Panwallah called Hari over to watch him open a mouse by its tail once the discovery was
grandfather clock. He explained what caused it made. By using the past tense, the text
to stop and taught Hari about its inner workings. remains consistent in telling what happened
Impressed by Hari’s interest, he offered to pay at that specific moment, reinforcing the
him a little and train him as an apprentice. story’s chronological flow.
5. cried
QUESTION 5. “Cried” is the simple past tense of “cry.” It
(i) Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the expresses the boy’s exclamation or outburst
correct form of the word given in brackets. Do at finding the dead mouse. Since this is a
not copy the passage but write in correct serial story of past events, “cried” fits the narrative
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank style and timeframe, showing he loudly voiced
space. his reaction in that moment.
Example : One day we (0) .......... (lift) the box 6. shouted
up. “Shouted” is the simple past tense of “shout,”
Answer : (0) lifted indicating another person’s loud response to
We (1) .......... (find) a dead mouse (2) .......... the foul smell. Again, the passage describes
(lie) among our treasures. It (3) .......... (be) an a past scene, so the use of the simple past
exciting discovery. A boy took it up by its tail and keeps the narrative consistent. It underscores
(4) .......... (wave) it in front of our faces. the immediate alarm or disgust someone felt
“What shall we do with him?” he (5) .......... (cry). upon seeing the dead mouse.
“It stinks,” someone (6) .......... (shout).

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 11

7. hesitated make her voice heard in a public or clear

“Hesitated” is the simple past tense of manner.
“hesitate,” describing the boy’s brief pause (d) of
and uncertainty. This verb suggests he was When someone is charged with or blamed for
unsure or momentarily stuck on what to do a crime or wrongdoing, we use “accused of.”
next. The continued use of simple past tense The word “of” identifies the specific offence
maintains the flow of recounting these actions or reason for the accusation. Thus, “They
as part of a past sequence. accused him of theft” means they believed or
8. looked claimed he committed the act of stealing.
“Looked” is the simple past tense of “look,” (e) under
showing how everyone directed their attention “Under control” is a common phrase meaning
to the narrator. The word signals a completed the situation is managed or contained. In this
action that happened right then, staying sentence, it implies that the fire, which was
consistent with the story’s past setting. It dangerous, is now managed and no longer
emphasizes the group’s collective reaction at spreading wildly. “Under” here works with
that point in time. “control” to show mastery or containment of
the problem.
(ii) Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. [4] (f) across
(a) My best friend, John is named .......... his “Across” indicates something spanning from
grandfather. one side to the other side of a space or area.
Here, the bridge connects the two riverbanks.
(b) A grey mist hung .......... the fields.
Using “across” helps the reader picture a
(c) The little girl spoke .......... against the bully. structure stretching from one point on the
(d) They accused him .......... theft. river’s edge directly to the opposite side.
(g) out of
(e) The police got the fire .......... control.
“Out of” is the correct phrase to describe
(f) There is a bridge .......... the river. someone exiting a vehicle or enclosed space.
(g) The driver jumped .......... the car. It shows movement from inside the car to
the outside. “Out of” can suggest a quick
(h) I have not seen my uncle .......... last summer. or urgent action, which fits the scenario of a
Ans : driver jumping out.
(h) since
(a) after “Since” indicates a starting point of time that
“After” is used here to show John’s name continues until now. In this context, it means
was given in honor of or in resemblance to the speaker last saw their uncle in the previous
his grandfather’s name. In English, when summer, and that absence continues up to
someone shares the name of an older relative the present moment. “Since” is used with the
or important person, we say they are “named present perfect tense to mark that period.
after” that person, reflecting a family
tradition or special tribute. (iii) Choose the correct option to make one complete
(b) over sentence without using and, but or so. [4]
“Over” means above or covering an area. 1. These are fresh mangoes. I bought them
Here, the sentence describes the mist as lying yesterday.
in the air above the fields, creating a hazy (a) These are fresh mangoes which I bought
atmosphere. Using “over” paints a picture of yesterday.
something hanging or spreading out across a (b) These mangoes were fresher when I
surface from a higher position. bought them yesterday.
(c) out (c) These are fresh mangoes which were
“Spoke out” is a phrasal verb meaning to bought yesterday.
speak openly or boldly about something. (d) These are fresh mangoes brought by me
In this context, the girl openly protested or yesterday.
criticized the bully’s actions. Using “out”
emphasizes her courage and willingness to

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ICSE EXAMINATION PAPER 2025

2. The debating teams were very happy. They The phrase “When the rain came down” sets
were declared joint champions. the condition or timing, and the second part
(a) The debating teams were very happy as “all the people ran away” is the result. This
they have been declared joint champions. preserves the sense of immediate cause and
(b) The debating teams are very happy as effect from the original statements.
they are declared joint champions. 4. (d) Although the disciple was wise, the
(c) The debating teams were very happy as teacher did not trust him.
they had been declared joint champions. Option (d) properly shows the contrast:
(d) The debating teams will be very happy as despite the disciple’s wisdom, the teacher
they will be declared joint champions. still lacked trust. “Although the disciple was
3. The rain came down. All the people ran away. wise” indicates a positive quality, while “the
(a) When the rain came down, all the people teacher did not trust him” sets up a surprising
ran away or opposite outcome. This choice stays true to
(b) When it rained, the people ran away. the original meaning of the sentences.
(c) The rain had come down all the people (iv) Choose the correct option and rewrite the sentence
ran away according to the instruction given after each [8]
(d) The rain having come, all the people ran 1. The teacher said, “Come early tomorrow, the
away. examination begins at eight o’clock.”
4. The disciple was wise. The teacher did not (Begin: The teacher told us to ………)
trust him. (a) The teacher told us to come early the
(a) Although the disciple was wise yet the next day as the examination would begin
teacher trusted him. at eight o’clock.
(b) Although the disciple was not wise the (b) The teacher told us to come early
teacher trusted him. tomorrow as the examination begins at
(c) Although the disciple is wise, the teacher eight o’clock.
trusted him. (c) The teacher told us the examination
(d) Although the disciple was wise, the will begin at eight o’clock so come early
teacher did not trust him. tomorrow.
Ans : (d) The teacher told us to come by eight
o’clock as the examination will begin
1. (a) These are fresh mangoes which I bought early the next day.
yesterday.
Option (a) clearly connects the two ideas by 2. Rahul not only plays the guitar but also the
using “which I bought yesterday.” This shows drums.
both that the mangoes are fresh and that the (Use: ‘as well as’)
speaker is the one who purchased them. The (a) Rahul plays the guitar as well as the
other options either change the meaning (e.g., drums.
talking about “fresher”) or don’t make the (b) Rahul plays the guitar as well the drums.
connection as clear. (c) Rahul plays the guitar as well as he does
2. (c) The debating teams were very happy as the drums.
they had been declared joint champions. (d) Rahul play’s the guitar and the drums as
Option (c) uses the past perfect tense “had well.
been declared,” showing the announcement 3. She said she would not be available.
happened before they felt happy. This (Add a question tag)
sequence preserves the original meaning: first, (a) Didn’t she say that she would not be
the teams were declared joint champions, and available?
then they became very happy. The other (b) She said she would not be available, did
options use different tenses that don’t match she?
the sequence as neatly. (c) She said she would not be available,
3. (a) When the rain came down, all the people didn’t she?
ran away (d) She said she would not be available,
Option (a) naturally connects the two ideas: wouldn’t she?
the rain falling caused the people to run.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 13

4. This is the most beautiful painting in the Ans :

exhibition. 1. (a) The teacher told us to come early the next
(Begin: No other…..) day as the examination would begin at eight
(a) No other painting is as beautiful as this o’clock.
exhibition. When changing direct speech to indirect
(b) No other painting in this exhibition is speech, “tomorrow” becomes “the next day,”
beautiful. and “begins” becomes “would begin.” Option
(c) No other painting is beautiful as this (a) correctly reflects these shifts. It also uses
painting in the exhibition. “told us to come early” for the command.
(d) No other painting in the exhibition is as The other options either keep “tomorrow”
beautiful as this one. unchanged or alter the meaning.
5. I prefer aerobics to yoga. 2. (a) Rahul plays the guitar as well as the
(Use: ‘rather’) drums.
(a) I would rather do aerobics to yoga. The phrase “as well as” is used to list two
(b) I would rather do aerobics than yoga. things someone does or has. Option (a)
(c) I would rather prefer aerobics than yoga. correctly and simply states that Rahul plays
(d) I would rather do yoga than aerobics. both instruments. The other options either
6. The coach taught the children the rules of the leave out a word (“as”) or add extra words
game. that change the sentence structure in a
(Begin: The rules………) confusing way.
(a) The rules have being taught by the coach 3. (c) She said she would not be available, didn’t
to the children. she?
(b) The rules of the game have been taught A question tag is a short question added
by the children to the coach. to the end of a statement. The main clause
(c) The rules of the game is taught by the is in the simple past (“She said”), so the
coach to the children. appropriate question tag is “didn’t she?”
(d) The rules of the game were taught by the Option (c) correctly places the comma before
coach to the children. the tag and uses the matching verb tense.
4. (d) No other painting in the exhibition is as
7. No sooner did the film star arrive than the beautiful as this one.
crowd cheered. To transform a superlative into a comparative
(Begin: As soon as………) form, we say “No other painting in the
(a) As soon as the film star arrived then the exhibition is as beautiful as this one.” Option
crowd cheered. (d) correctly sets up a comparison with all
(b) As soon as the film star arrives the crowd other paintings. The other options either
starts cheering. leave out key words or incorrectly modify
(c) As soon as the crowd cheers the film star “exhibition” instead of “painting.”
arrives. 5. (b) I would rather do aerobics than yoga.
(d) As soon as the film star arrived the crowd To express preference with “rather,” we typically
cheered. say “I would rather do [X] than [Y].” Option
8. School bags are often too heavy for students (b) uses the correct structure: “rather … than.”
to carry. Options (a) and (c) use incorrect wording (“to”
(Use: ‘so’) instead of “than” or “prefer” plus “rather”),
(a) School bags are so heavy students cannot and option (d) reverses the meaning.
carry them. 6. (d) The rules of the game were taught by the
(b) School bags are often so heavy that coach to the children.
students cannot carry them. We need a passive voice in the past tense:
(c) School bags are often so heavy for “were taught.” Option (d) correctly places
students to carry. the object “The rules of the game” at the
(d) School bags are heavy so students cannot start, uses “were taught” for the past tense,
carry them. and identifies the agent “by the coach.” The
other options misuse tense or switch the
subject/object.

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ICSE EXAMINATION PAPER 2025

7. (d) As soon as the film star arrived the crowd

cheered.
We use “As soon as” to show one event
happening immediately after another in the
past. Option (d) correctly matches the tense
and order: first the film star arrived, then the
crowd cheered. Other options either change
the tense (arrives) or use “then,” which is
unnecessary.
8. (b) School bags are often so heavy that
students cannot carry them.
When rewriting “too heavy” using “so,”
we usually say “so heavy that … cannot.”
Option (b) is correct because it keeps “often,”
uses “so heavy,” and provides the necessary
result (“that students cannot carry them”).
The others either leave out “that” or alter the
meaning.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 15

CHAPTER
1
Composition

INTRODUCTIO prompts. Pick a topic that you feel confident

about or find interesting. This often leads to a
more engaging composition.
When preparing for the composition question in
4. Writing Narrative, Descriptive, and Reflective
your English Language exam, you will usually
Essays : These essay types allow greater freedom
have a choice of five topics-these typically include
of thought and expression. You can let your
descriptive, narrative, argumentative, reflective,
imagination flow and use a style that feels
and story-based prompts, along with a picture
comfortable. Focus on painting vivid pictures
option. This section is especially important
and sharing genuine insights, whether you are
because the examiner’s first impression of your
describing a scene, sharing personal reflections, or
language skills often depends on how effectively
recounting events.
you plan, structure, and present your ideas. Many
5. Approaching Argumentative Essays : If you
students lose marks here due to a lack of clarity
decide to write an argumentative essay, be very
or coherence. By paying attention to plot or
clear about your stance. Present your points
idea, vocabulary, grammar and punctuation, the
logically, backing them up with real-life examples
quality of your language, logical flow, and overall
wherever possible. Place each major point in its
presentation, you can do well in this part and
own paragraph to avoid repetition and give each
showcase your writing ability confidently.
argument the space it deserves.
6. Handling Story-Based Compositions : When
writing a story, ensure you can develop your plot
I MPORTANT Guidelines and characters effectively. Dialogues should fit
naturally, and the story should build toward a
Before you begin your composition, it is essential clear climax. Detailed, believable descriptions of
to follow certain guidelines that will help you people and events will help engage the reader’s
express your ideas clearly, maintain the reader’s imagination.
interest, and produce a polished final piece of 7. Tackling Picture Compositions : A picture-
writing. The guidelines below have been carefully based composition can be both challenging and
laid out to ensure coherence, accuracy, and rewarding. You can interpret the given image in
creativity in your work : many ways, allowing creativity to shine. However,
1. Giving Your Essay a Title (Optional) : It is ensure that your interpretation follows a logical
generally helpful to provide a title to your path. If your ideas are well-connected and clearly
composition because it sets the tone for what presented, you can still score highly even if the
follows. However, this is not compulsory. Even examiner’s personal view of the picture differs
a simple, well-presented plot can leave a strong from yours.
impression on the examiner. 8 Revising Your Work : Regardless of the type of
2. Use Simple Language : Choose words that flow composition you choose, always revise thoroughly.
naturally, so the reader’s attention remains on Fix any grammatical, spelling, or punctuation
your ideas. This approach helps you communicate errors before finalizing your essay. Polishing your
clearly and also makes your composition more language can significantly improve your overall
enjoyable to read. score.
3. Selecting Your Topic : In most cases, you can 9. What to Avoid
choose from narrative, descriptive, reflective, • Abbreviations : Except for common titles like
argumentative, story-based, or picture-based “Mr.” or “Mrs.”

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Ch 1 : Composition

• Numerals : Write numbers in words (dates touch).

may be an exception). 2. Imagery and Figurative Language : Use of
• Slang and Vulgar Terms : These will lead to metaphors, similes, and adjectives to enhance
penalties. visualization.
• Overly Complex Sentences : Maintain a 3. Emotional Appeal : Conveying feelings and
smooth flow to reduce grammatical mistakes. moods to engage the reader.
• Unnecessary Direct Speech : Reserve lengthy Descriptive compositions transport the reader
dialogues primarily for stories. into the scene, making it come alive through vivid
By keeping these guidelines in mind, you will and imaginative language.
be better prepared to create a coherent, well- Points to Remember
structured, and engaging composition.
1. Focus on creating a clear picture in the
reader’s mind using vivid descriptions.
2. Use sensory details to describe how things
look, sound, smell, feel, or taste.
T ypes of Composition 3. Choose a specific theme or mood and maintain
it throughout the composition.
Composition writing plays an important role in
4. Avoid listing details; instead, weave them
developing creativity and communication skills.
naturally into your sentences.
Compositions allow students to organize their
5. Use adjectives and adverbs effectively to
thoughts and express ideas clearly. To cater to
enhance your descriptions.
different forms of expression, there are various
6. Include figurative language like similes,
types of compositions, each with its own unique
metaphors, and personification to make the
style and purpose.
writing engaging.
The main types include :
7. Organize your ideas logically, moving from
1. Descriptive, which paints vivid pictures with
one aspect of the description to another.
words;
8. Keep the focus on the subject being described
2. Narrative, which tells engaging stories;
and avoid unnecessary details.
3. Argumentative, where students defend or
9. Show emotions and feelings related to the
oppose a viewpoint;
subject to connect with the reader.
4. Reflective, which delves into personal
10. Conclude with a lasting impression or an
thoughts and feelings.
overall reflection on the subject.
5. Story based prompts, along with a picture
option, encourage students to interpret visual EXAMPLES :
cues and craft creative narratives.
Mastering these types not only prepares 1. Write a composition of about 300–350 words
students for exams but also equips them with describing a special place where you feel
skills for effective communication in real life. completely at ease. Focus on the sights, sounds,
Understanding these formats will help students smells, and overall atmosphere that make this
write compositions that are impactful and well- place unforgettable.
structured. Ans

Serenity by the River

My favorite getaway is a secluded spot by the river
D escriptive composition on the outskirts of my hometown. The moment I
step onto the winding dirt path that leads there,
A descriptive composition focuses on creating I feel as though I have left the noise and chaos of
a vivid picture of a person, place, object, or everyday life far behind. The smell of fresh grass
event through detailed and sensory-rich writing. and damp earth greets me first, immediately
Its purpose is to help the reader visualize and enveloping me in a sense of calm. A thick canopy
experience what is being described. of evergreen trees provides a soothing green
Key features shelter, with only patches of sunlight managing
to slip through and dance upon the ground.
1. Sensory Details : Descriptions appealing to
As I walk closer to the riverbank, the gentle
the senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, and

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 17

gurgle of the water becomes more pronounced. awe from the safety of our cottage balcony, where
It mingles with the melodic chirping of birds we had huddled together with cups of hot tea.
perched on tall branches. On a clear day, the sky The storm was both terrifying and breathtaking.
appears an endless blue, mirrored by the water’s Each crack of thunder felt like it shook the earth,
reflective surface that ripples softly with the yet the beauty of the rain-soaked hills captivated
breeze. Occasionally, a gust of wind rustles the us.
leaves, creating a calming rustle that echoes in The entire valley seemed alive with the energy
the otherwise peaceful environment. of the storm. Streams formed along the hillsides,
The river itself is neither very deep nor rushing to meet the swollen rivers below. Leaves
particularly wide, but its steady flow carries fallen danced wildly in the wind, and the air smelled
leaves and twigs downstream. I often settle on a of fresh earth and rain. I felt a mix of emotions-
smooth rock near the water’s edge, dipping my fear at the storm’s intensity but also gratitude
toes into the cool current. Small fish dart about, for witnessing nature’s raw power and beauty up
flashing silver in the sunlight, as though inviting close.
onlookers to marvel at their world. By the evening, the storm began to calm. As
What I love most is the scene at sunset. The the rain subsided, the sky turned a soft orange,
sky transforms from bright blue to vibrant shades and the hills shimmered under the glow of the
of orange, pink, and purple, and the river faithfully setting sun. The air felt crisp and pure, and the
reflects every subtle hue. By dusk, a chorus of landscape looked as if it had been washed clean.
crickets joins the symphony of nature, adding That thunderstorm, though unexpected,
another layer of serenity to the atmosphere. became the highlight of our trip. It taught me
In this tranquil corner of the world, I find to appreciate the unpredictable beauty of nature
solace. All worries and stresses seem to wash away, and left me with memories that I will treasure
carried downstream by the gentle current, leaving forever.
me refreshed and filled with quiet gratitude.
3. Describe a bustling city market during the festive
2. You went to a hill station during summer vacation season, capturing the sights, sounds, smells, and
and unexpectedly experienced a thunderstorm. the overall energy of the place in vivid detail.
Describe your experience and feelings as you
Ans
witnessed the dramatic event.
Ans A Festive Market in Full Swing
The city market was alive with an energy that
A Summer Thunderstorm could only be found during the festive season.
We had eagerly planned our summer vacation to As I stepped into the narrow, bustling lanes, my
Mahabaleshwar, hoping for warm, sunny days and senses were immediately overwhelmed by the
cool evenings. Little did we know that this trip vibrant sights and sounds. Every corner seemed
would offer us an unforgettable experience in the to be a celebration of life, color, and tradition.
form of a dramatic thunderstorm. Brightly lit stalls lined both sides of the
The first two days of our stay were perfect. street, adorned with strings of fairy lights and
The sun shone brightly, and the lush greenery colorful decorations. Vendors enthusiastically
of the hills seemed to stretch endlessly. The called out to passersby, showcasing their wares,
mornings were filled with the songs of birds, and from intricately designed traditional clothing to
the evenings brought a gentle breeze. On the glistening jewelry and vibrant flowers. The aroma
third day, however, the weather began to change of freshly prepared sweets and snacks wafted
unexpectedly. By mid-afternoon, the once-clear through the air, making it impossible to ignore
sky was obscured by dark, looming clouds. The the food stalls. Piles of golden jalebis sizzled in
wind began to howl through the trees, and the hot oil, while the tangy scent of spicy chaats
temperature dropped noticeably. tempted every passerby.
Within moments, the sky opened up. Sheets Children ran about with gleeful laughter,
of rain cascaded down, turning the narrow roads clutching balloons and toys bought from cheerful
into glistening streams. The thunder rolled in street hawkers. Their faces lit up with joy as they
waves, followed by flashes of lightning that lit up tugged at their parents, pointing to the glittering
the landscape like a strobe light. We watched in displays of lights or the small amusement rides

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Ch 1 : Composition

set up near the main square. Elderly shoppers ran barefoot through the fields, their laughter
browsed through handicrafts with a calm patience, ringing out like music.
occasionally stopping to chat with the vendors. The sight of smoke rising lazily from the
The market’s soundtrack was a symphony of chimneys of mud-brick houses signaled that
life. The rhythmic clinking of coins, the chatter of breakfast was being prepared. The aroma of
shoppers haggling for better prices, the occasional freshly baked rotis and boiling tea wafted through
honk of a cycle horn, and the distant beat of the air, adding a homely touch to the picturesque
festive drums combined to create an unforgettable setting. Farmers, dressed in simple dhotis and
melody. turbans, walked with purpose towards the fields,
As night fell, the market transformed into a tools slung over their shoulders, ready to start
dazzling wonderland. The golden glow of lanterns their day.
and strings of lights reflected off every surface, The entire village seemed to move at its own
bathing the market in a magical warmth. Despite pace, unhurried and content. There was no rush,
the crowd and chaos, there was a sense of shared no chaos-just the gentle rhythm of life in harmony
excitement and joy. with nature.
The festive market was not just a place to As I stood there soaking in the serenity, I felt
shop; it was a hub of culture, tradition, and an overwhelming sense of peace. The beauty and
community. As I walked away, the vivid imagery simplicity of the village morning reminded me of
of the market stayed with me, a reminder of how the joys of a life deeply connected to the earth
the simplest gatherings can bring people together and its natural rhythms.
in celebration.
5. Describe a stormy night in a small town, focusing
4. Describe a serene morning in a remote village, on the dramatic changes in weather, the sights
focusing on the natural beauty, the sounds of and sounds of the storm, and the atmosphere it
nature, and the peaceful atmosphere of the created.
countryside.
Ans
Ans
A Night of Thunder and Rain
A Tranquil Village Morning The storm announced its arrival with a low rumble
The morning in the remote village unfolded like that seemed to shake the very ground. The once
a scene from a dream. The first rays of sunlight calm evening transformed into a scene of chaos
gently kissed the earth, casting a golden hue over as dark clouds rolled in, covering the town like a
the lush green fields. A cool breeze carried with thick, menacing blanket. A sudden gust of wind
it the faint, sweet scent of blooming flowers and swept through the streets, sending leaves and
freshly tilled soil, setting the perfect tone for the dust swirling into the air.
day. The first raindrops fell hesitantly, but within
The village was slowly waking up, and the minutes, the skies opened up, unleashing a
sounds of nature filled the air. Birds chirped torrential downpour. The rhythmic drumming
melodiously from the treetops, their songs of the rain against rooftops and windows created
harmonizing with the gentle rustling of leaves. a constant, almost hypnotic sound. The streets,
Somewhere in the distance, the rhythmic clinking which had been bustling with life earlier, were
of cowbells accompanied the soft mooing of cattle now deserted, as people sought shelter from the
as farmers led them out to graze. The occasional storm.
crow of a rooster announced the arrival of a new Flashes of lightning lit up the sky, momentarily
day, breaking the silence in a comforting, familiar illuminating the soaked town in a ghostly white
way. glow. Each bolt was followed by a deafening crack
A small brook flowed gently along the edge of of thunder that seemed to echo endlessly through
the village, its crystal-clear waters sparkling in the the night. The trees swayed violently in the wind,
morning sun. The sound of the babbling stream their branches creaking and snapping under the
added a soothing backdrop to the tranquil scene. storm’s relentless force.
Women clad in colorful sarees were seen drawing Despite the chaos outside, the storm brought
water from the village well, chatting softly as they a strange kind of beauty. The rainwater created
went about their chores. Children, full of energy, shimmering puddles that reflected the faint glow

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 19

of streetlights, and the air felt fresh and alive. The reader engaged.
sound of the storm drowned out all other noises, 5. Build up to the most exciting part of the
creating an eerie yet oddly soothing atmosphere. story (climax) and then end by solving the
Through the window, I watched as the small problem.
town adapted to the storm. Stray dogs huddled 6. Include dialogues between characters to show
under porches, their fur plastered against their their personality and move the story forward.
thin bodies. A lone cyclist pedaled furiously down 7. Use clear descriptions to show what is
the street, his raincoat flapping in the wind. Inside happening instead of just telling it. Make the
the houses, warm lights glowed, and the faint reader feel like they are there.
silhouette of families gathering around candles or 8. Decide if the story will be told in first person
kerosene lamps could be seen. (“I”) or third person (“he/she”) and stick to
By midnight, the storm began to weaken. The it throughout the story.
rain slowed to a soft drizzle, and the thunder grew 9. Show how the main character feels and thinks
distant. The town, though drenched, seemed to to help the reader connect with them.
breathe a sigh of relief. As I lay in bed listening 10. Use simple and clear words. Don’t use very
to the soft patter of raindrops, I realized how a difficult words that might confuse the reader.
storm could be both fierce and calming, leaving 11. End with a good conclusion or a lesson that
behind a renewed sense of life and tranquility. leaves a strong impression on the reader.

EXAMPLES :

1. Write a composition of about 300–350 words

Narrati ve composition narrating an incident when you helped someone
in need, and it left a lasting impact on you.
A narrative composition tells a story or recounts
an event in a structured and engaging way. It Ans
often includes characters, a setting, a plot, and
A Helping Hand in the Rain
a resolution. The purpose of narrative writing is
It was a typical monsoon evening, and I was
to entertain, inform, or convey a moral or lesson.
hurrying home after a long day at school. The
Key features skies were overcast, and soon, the rain began to
1. Clear Structure : Beginning, middle and end. pour relentlessly. As I dashed through the streets,
2. Chronological Order : Events are often I noticed an elderly woman standing at the bus
presented in the sequence they occur. stop, drenched and struggling with a heavy bag.
3. Engaging Elements : Use of dialogues, She appeared frail, unsure of how to proceed, and
descriptions, and emotions to capture the completely lost in the chaos of the rain.
reader’s interest. Despite being in a hurry, I couldn’t ignore
Narrative compositions allow writers to share her plight. Gathering my courage, I approached
personal experiences or create fictional stories her and asked if she needed help. She hesitated
while focusing on vivid details and emotional for a moment, perhaps uncertain about trusting
connections. a stranger, but eventually explained that she was
Points to Remember trying to reach her daughter’s house but had
1. Plan your story with a clear beginning, missed the last bus. Without thinking twice, I
middle, and end. Start with the setting and offered to walk her to a nearby taxi stand.
characters, introduce a problem or event, and The journey wasn’t easy. The rain had turned
finish with a resolution. the streets into small rivers, and the bag she
2. Create interesting characters with unique carried was heavier than I had anticipated. Along
qualities. Make sure their actions and words the way, she opened up about her life. She told
are important to the story. me about her late husband, who had served in
3. Describe the surroundings using details like the army, and her daughter, who was awaiting
how things look, sound, or feel to help the her arrival. Her stories, filled with both pride and
reader imagine the scene. loss, moved me deeply.
4. Add a problem, challenge, or exciting event When we finally reached the taxi stand, I
to make the story interesting and keep the flagged down a cab and helped her inside. I even

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Ch 1 : Composition

paid the fare, despite her protests. She held my pride.

hand tightly and thanked me with tears in her Although I didn’t win the competition, I
eyes, calling me her “guardian angel.” As the cab walked off the stage with my head held high. The
drove away, I stood there, drenched but content, experience taught me that fear is often exaggerated
knowing I had made a difference. in our minds. Facing it not only helps us grow but
That night, as I reflected on the encounter, I also builds confidence for future challenges. From
realized how simple acts of kindness could bring that day forward, I embraced every opportunity
immense joy, not just to others but to oneself. to speak publicly, realizing that challenges are
The elderly woman’s gratitude remains etched opportunities to learn and excel.
in my memory, inspiring me to always extend a
helping hand. From that day forward, I vowed to 3. Write a story about a time when you got lost in a
look for opportunities to help others, no matter strange place and how you managed to find your
how small the gesture. way back home.
Ans
2. Write a composition of about 300–350 words
narrating an incident where you faced a challenge Lost and Found
and learned an important lesson from it. It was a bright spring morning when I decided
to explore the local fair that had just arrived in
Ans town. The air was filled with the smell of roasted
Overcoming Stage Fear peanuts and the laughter of children. I wandered
Public speaking had always been my greatest from one stall to another, marveling at the colorful
fear. The very thought of standing in front of an trinkets and thrilling rides. Somewhere along the
audience made my palms sweat, my heart race, way, I lost track of time and, more importantly,
and my mind go blank. However, this changed my surroundings.
during our school’s annual cultural fest last year, As I looked around, I realized I had no idea
where I was unexpectedly chosen to represent my where I was. The familiar sights of the main
house in the elocution competition. entrance had vanished, replaced by an endless
Initially, I tried every excuse to avoid maze of food stalls and carnival games. Panic
participating, but my teacher, Mrs. Sharma, was began to set in as I tried to retrace my steps, but
adamant. She told me, “The only way to overcome the crowd seemed to grow denser by the minute.
fear is to face it head-on.” Reluctantly, I agreed, I stopped at a nearby bench to gather my
though the idea of speaking on stage filled me thoughts. Remembering my parents’ advice,
with dread. My friends encouraged me, promising I decided to stay calm and think logically. I
to cheer loudly from the audience. approached a kind-looking vendor and explained
Over the next few weeks, I practiced tirelessly. my situation. He asked a few questions and
I spent hours rehearsing in front of a mirror, pointed me toward the direction of the main gate.
perfecting my gestures and voice modulation. Feeling a little more confident, I followed his
My evenings were devoted to memorizing lines, instructions. Along the way, I noticed a giant
while my family sat through countless practice Ferris wheel towering above the fairground. It
sessions. Despite this preparation, as the day of struck me that I had seen this from the entrance
the competition approached, my anxiety grew earlier. Using it as a landmark, I carefully
worse. navigated through the bustling crowd.
When my name was finally called, I felt a Finally, after what felt like hours, I spotted
lump in my throat. Trembling, I walked to the the familiar archway of the entrance. My parents
stage, clutching the microphone tightly. The were waiting there, visibly worried but relieved to
spotlight blinded me, and the sea of faces in the see me. I ran to them and hugged them tightly,
audience made my knees weak. Taking a deep promising never to wander off alone again.
breath, I began speaking. My voice wavered at That day taught me an important lesson
first, but as I focused on my speech, I found my about staying alert and asking for help when
rhythm. Surprisingly, the audience responded needed. Though the experience was terrifying
warmly, nodding and clapping at key points. By at the time, it left me with a newfound sense of
the time I finished, I felt a surge of relief and responsibility and a story I would never forget.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 21

4. Write a story about an unexpected act of kindness ideas and finally decided to depict a lush forest
from a stranger and how it impacted you. blending into a bustling cityscape, symbolizing
harmony between humans and nature.
Ans
As the deadline approached, I faced one
A Stranger’s Kindness challenge after another. My first sketch tore
One chilly winter evening, I was walking home accidentally, and I had to start over. The second
from school when I felt the first drops of rain. attempt didn’t feel right, and frustration began to
Within minutes, the light drizzle turned into a creep in. My confidence wavered, and I considered
heavy downpour. Without an umbrella, I was quitting.
completely drenched and shivering. To make But then, I remembered my friend’s words
matters worse, the wind picked up, making it and decided to persevere. I stayed up late every
impossible to continue walking without slipping night, refining the details and experimenting with
on the wet pavement. colors. By the time I finished, I was exhausted but
I spotted a small tea stall by the roadside proud of my work.
and decided to take shelter there. The vendor, a On the day of the competition, as I displayed
middle-aged man with a warm smile, immediately my painting alongside dozens of other beautiful
noticed my state. Without hesitation, he handed artworks, I felt nervous yet excited. The judges
me a cup of hot tea, saying, “This will warm you spent hours evaluating the entries before
up.” I hesitated, as I didn’t have any money to announcing the winners. When they called my
pay him, but he waved it off, insisting that I take name for the first prize, I was in shock. The
it. applause from my classmates and the smile on my
As I sipped the tea, I felt warmth returning teacher’s face made all the struggles worthwhile.
to my fingers and a sense of comfort washing over That competition taught me the importance
me. The man struck up a conversation, asking of persistence and believing in myself. It wasn’t
about my school and where I lived. His kindness just about winning; it was about pushing through
and genuine interest made me feel at ease. doubts and challenges to create something
After the rain subsided, I thanked him meaningful. To this day, that painting hangs on my
profusely and promised to return the next day bedroom wall, a reminder of what determination
with payment. True to my word, I came back the can achieve.
following day with the money and a small thank-
you card. To my surprise, the vendor refused
to take the money and simply said, “Kindness argum entative composition
doesn’t need repayment.”
That moment stayed with me long after. An argumentative composition presents a clear
It reminded me of the power of small acts of stance on a specific topic and supports it with
kindness and how they can transform someone’s logical reasoning, evidence, and examples. Its
day. Inspired by his generosity, I now make a purpose is to persuade the reader to agree with
conscious effort to help others whenever I can, no the writer’s viewpoint or consider it as valid.
matter how small the gesture. Key features
5. Write a story about a competition you entered 1. Clear Position : A definitive stance for or
and the challenges you faced to achieve success. against the topic.
2. Logical Arguments : Use of facts, examples,
Ans and reasoning to support the viewpoint.
The Art Contest 3. Counterarguments : Addressing opposing
When the school announced an art competition, views to strengthen the argument.
I hesitated to participate. Art had always been a Argumentative compositions aim to convince
passion, but I doubted my abilities compared to readers by presenting a balanced yet persuasive
the talented students in my class. However, my case for the writer’s perspective.
best friend convinced me to give it a shot, saying, Points to Remember
“You’ll never know unless you try.” 1. Clearly state your position on the topic (for
The theme of the competition was “Nature or against) in the introduction.
and Humanity.” I spent hours brainstorming 2. Support your viewpoint with strong, logical

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Ch 1 : Composition

arguments and evidence. theoretical knowledge, but it fails to replicate

3. Include facts, statistics, examples, or expert the experiential learning that comes with being
opinions to make your argument convincing. physically present.
4. Address counterarguments by acknowledging Additionally, traditional classrooms provide
opposing views and refuting them logically. social interaction and emotional development.
5. Use persuasive language to appeal to the Students build friendships, learn teamwork,
reader’s reason and emotions. and engage in activities that foster emotional
6. Organize your points in a logical sequence to intelligence. Online learning, while convenient, can
ensure clarity and flow. lead to feelings of isolation and limit opportunities
7. Avoid emotional bias or personal attacks; for collaborative learning.
focus on reasoned arguments. In conclusion, while online education is an
8. Use clear and precise language, avoiding excellent supplement, it cannot replace the holistic
overly complex words. learning experience that traditional classrooms
9. Maintain a confident and assertive tone provide. Education is not just about acquiring
throughout the composition. knowledge; it’s also about developing discipline,
10. Conclude by reinforcing your position and social skills, and practical understanding, all of
summarizing the strongest points of your which thrive in a classroom setting.
argument.
2. Some people argue that technology has made
EXAMPLES : people more isolated than connected. Give your
views For or Against this view.
1. Some people believe that online education cannot
replace traditional classroom learning. Give your Ans
views For or Against this view.
Technology Has Made People More Isolated
Ans
For the Motion :
Online Education Cannot Replace Classroom I firmly believe that technology has made people
Learning more isolated than connected, despite its potential
Against the Motion : to enhance communication.
I strongly believe that online education cannot Firstly, while technology allows for instant
replace traditional classroom learning due to messaging and virtual meetings, it often replaces
the irreplaceable benefits of physical interaction, meaningful face-to-face interactions. People spend
disciplined environments, and hands-on more time on their devices than with their families
experiences. or friends. A dinner table where everyone is glued
Firstly, classrooms foster an environment to their phones is a common sight, showcasing
where students and teachers engage directly. The how technology isolates individuals even in social
immediacy of face-to-face communication allows settings.
students to ask questions, seek clarifications, and Secondly, social media, though designed
participate actively in discussions. This interaction to connect, often creates a false sense of
is far more dynamic and impactful than virtual companionship. Online friendships lack the depth
communication, which often feels impersonal. and emotional connection of real-life relationships.
Secondly, traditional classrooms encourage Many people measure their worth by likes and
a sense of discipline and routine. Students wake comments, leading to feelings of loneliness and
up, dress for school, and follow a structured inadequacy.
timetable. These habits prepare them for the Furthermore, excessive use of technology can
professional world. In contrast, the flexibility of lead to mental health issues such as anxiety and
online education can often lead to procrastination depression. The constant exposure to curated
and a lack of commitment. lifestyles on social media can make people feel
Another significant limitation of online disconnected from their own lives. Rather than
education is the inability to provide hands- fostering real relationships, technology often
on experiences. Subjects like science, art, or drives people into self-isolation.
sports require practical learning in laboratories, In conclusion, while technology has the
studios, or fields. Online education might provide potential to connect us, its misuse has made many
people more isolated. Genuine human connections

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 23

thrive on personal interactions, which no amount Ans

of technology can truly replace. It is crucial
Celebrities Should Not Be Considered Role
to strike a balance and prioritize real-world
Models
relationships over virtual ones.
For the Motion :
3. Examinations are an unfair way of testing a I strongly believe that celebrities should not be
student’s knowledge. Give your views For or considered role models as their lives often do not
Against this view. reflect the values necessary for positive influence.
Ans Firstly, many celebrities prioritize fame
and wealth over moral values. Their lifestyles
Examinations Are an Unfair Way of Testing often include controversies, public scandals,
Knowledge and irresponsible behavior, which can mislead
For the Motion : impressionable minds. For example, young fans
may emulate harmful habits like substance abuse,
I firmly believe that examinations are an unfair
extravagant spending, or unhealthy relationships.
way of testing a student’s knowledge as they focus
Secondly, celebrities often present a curated
more on rote learning than actual understanding.
image that is far from reality. Social media
Firstly, examinations are often based on
portrays their perfect lives, which creates
memorization rather than comprehension.
unrealistic expectations for fans. This can lead
Students are required to recall facts and figures
to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem,
instead of demonstrating their understanding of
particularly among young people.
the subject. This system rewards those with good
Moreover, celebrities are not experts in the
memory rather than those who genuinely grasp
fields they influence. A singer or actor might
the concepts.
endorse a product or opinion without fully
Secondly, examinations create immense stress
understanding its implications, and their fans
and anxiety among students. The pressure to
may blindly follow such advice.
perform well in a limited time can affect their
Finally, true role models should inspire
mental health. Many students, despite being
qualities like hard work, kindness, and integrity.
knowledgeable, fail to perform under such
While some celebrities do display these traits,
pressure, making examinations an inaccurate
many others lack the consistency or responsibility
measure of their abilities.
required to set a good example.
Furthermore, examinations do not account
In conclusion, celebrities are entertainers, not
for diverse learning styles. Some students excel in
role models. Society should encourage individuals
practical tasks or creative thinking but struggle
to look up to people with real achievements,
with written tests. This one-size-fits-all approach
strong morals, and the ability to inspire genuine
does not cater to individual strengths, leading to
growth and positivity.
a lack of fairness.
Lastly, examinations encourage unhealthy 5. Social media influencers have a greater impact on
competition. Instead of promoting collaborative today’s youth than parents or teachers. Give your
learning, they create an environment where views For or Against this view.
students focus solely on scoring higher than their
peers, often neglecting actual learning. Ans
In conclusion, examinations are an outdated
Social Media Influencers Have a Greater Impact
and unfair way of evaluating students. Education
on Today’s Youth
should focus on continuous assessments, projects,
and real-life applications, which provide a holistic For the Motion :
understanding of a student’s abilities rather than I believe that social media influencers have a
relying on stressful written tests. greater impact on today’s youth than parents or
teachers due to their immense online presence and
relatability.
Firstly, social media influencers connect
4. Celebrities should not be considered role models. with young audiences in a way that parents and
Give your views For or Against this view. teachers often cannot. Influencers share content
that aligns with the interests and lifestyles of the

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Ch 1 : Composition

youth, such as fashion, fitness, or entertainment. Points to Remember

This relatability makes them more appealing and 1. Choose a topic that allows for deep personal
accessible than authority figures like parents or thoughts and insights.
teachers. 2. Focus on your own experiences, thoughts, and
Secondly, influencers have the power of emotions related to the topic.
visibility. They are active on platforms that youth 3. Begin by explaining the context or situation
engage with daily, such as Instagram, YouTube, that led to your reflections.
and TikTok. Their constant presence ensures that 4. Analyze the situation or experience
their opinions and lifestyles shape the thoughts thoughtfully, exploring what it meant to you.
and behaviors of their followers, often more than 5. Use descriptive language to express your
the guidance of elders. feelings and reactions.
Furthermore, influencers often set trends and 6. Include lessons learned or realizations gained
define what is “cool.” Young people look up to from the experience.
them for advice on everything from fashion and 7. Be honest and sincere in your writing to make
beauty to career choices and personal growth. it relatable and impactful.
This gives them the power to shape opinions and 8. Maintain a calm and reflective tone
decisions in ways that parents or teachers may throughout the composition.
not. 9. Use examples and specific details to support
However, this influence is not always your reflections.
positive. Many influencers promote materialism, 10. Conclude by summarizing your insights and
unrealistic standards, and even unhealthy habits. explaining how the experience influenced you
This highlights the need for youth to critically or changed your perspective.
evaluate what they consume online.
In conclusion, social media influencers EXAMPLES :
undeniably have a stronger impact on today’s
1. Write a reflective composition on a time when you
youth than traditional role models. While this
overcame a fear and how it changed you. (300–350
impact can be both positive and negative, it
words)
is crucial for young people to strike a balance
between inspiration from influencers and the Ans
values imparted by parents and teachers.
Conquering My Fear of Water
For as long as I can remember, I had an
overwhelming fear of water. The thought of
R eflective composition stepping into a swimming pool terrified me. This
fear stemmed from a childhood incident where I
A reflective composition explores personal accidentally fell into a lake during a family picnic.
thoughts, feelings, and insights about a specific Although I was quickly rescued, the memory
experience, idea, or topic. It allows the writer haunted me for years.
to analyze and interpret their experiences while Last summer, determined to confront my fear,
sharing the lessons or realizations they gained. I decided to join a swimming class. On the first
day, standing at the edge of the pool, I felt my
Key features
heart race and my palms sweat. The instructor,
1. Personal Perspective : Focus on the writer’s noticing my hesitation, assured me that fear was
emotions, opinions, and reflections. natural but conquerable. He encouraged me to
2. Deep Thinking : Thoughtful exploration of start slowly by simply dipping my feet into the
abstract or philosophical ideas. water.
3. Lesson or Insight : A conclusion highlighting The initial days were difficult. Every time I
the understanding or growth achieved. felt the water rise above my knees, panic would
Reflective compositions are introspective set in. But with persistence and the instructor’s
and often inspire readers to think about similar guidance, I gradually progressed. The turning
situations in their own lives. They emphasize point came when I learned to float. Feeling the
sincerity and depth in expression. water support me was a revelation-it was as if my
fear had begun to dissolve.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 25

Over the next few weeks, I mastered the gesture, but it left a lasting impression on me. It
basics of swimming. The joy of gliding through reaffirmed my belief in the power of compassion
the water replaced my earlier anxiety. More than and reminded me that even small acts of kindness
just a skill, swimming became a symbol of my can create ripples of positivity in the world.
triumph over fear.
This experience taught me a valuable lesson: 3. Write a reflective composition on a time when
fear is often exaggerated in our minds. Facing it you learned the value of perseverance. (300–350
requires patience, effort, and support, but the words)
rewards are immense. Overcoming my fear of Ans
water not only boosted my confidence but also
made me realize that challenges are opportunities The Value of Perseverance
for growth. Today, swimming is one of my favorite Two years ago, I decided to participate in my
activities, and the experience continues to inspire school’s annual marathon. I had never run long
me to tackle other fears in life. distances before, but I was inspired by my friends
who had completed it in the past. Excited yet
2. Write a reflective composition on a lesson you nervous, I signed up, not realizing the challenges
learned from helping someone. (300–350 words) that lay ahead.
Ans During the practice runs, I quickly discovered
that running wasn’t as easy as it looked. My legs
The Power of Small Acts of Kindness ached after just a few kilometers, and I would
A few months ago, I was running errands at a local often stop, feeling out of breath and defeated. I
market when I noticed a young boy struggling started doubting my decision and even considered
to carry a heavy sack of vegetables. He seemed dropping out. However, my coach encouraged me
no older than ten and was clearly exhausted. to keep trying. He told me, “Perseverance is more
Something about his weary expression moved me, important than strength or speed.”
and without much thought, I offered to help him Motivated by his words, I began following
carry the sack to his cart. a disciplined routine. I woke up early every
At first, the boy was hesitant and shy. He morning, gradually increasing the distance I ran.
explained that he was helping his family because There were days when I felt like giving up, but I
his father was unwell and couldn’t work that day. pushed myself to take just one more step. Slowly,
As we walked together, he shared snippets of his my stamina improved, and with it, my confidence.
life-a life filled with challenges but also remarkable On the day of the marathon, I felt both
resilience. excitement and anxiety. The initial kilometers
When we reached his cart, the boy thanked were smooth, but as the finish line drew closer,
me profusely, his face lighting up with gratitude. fatigue set in. My legs felt heavy, and I questioned
That simple “thank you” resonated deeply with whether I could complete the race. However, I
me. It made me realize how small, thoughtful remembered my coach’s advice and kept going.
gestures can make a significant difference in Each step became a symbol of my determination.
someone’s life. When I finally crossed the finish line, I was
Reflecting on the experience later, I understood overwhelmed with pride and joy. The sense of
that kindness doesn’t have to be grand or costly. accomplishment was unlike anything I had ever
Often, it is the little things-offering help, sharing experienced. Reflecting on the journey, I realized
a smile, or lending a hand-that have the greatest that the marathon wasn’t just about running-
impact. The joy and connection I felt that day it was about perseverance, commitment, and
stayed with me long after the incident. believing in myself.
This experience taught me the importance of This experience taught me that perseverance
empathy and being mindful of others’ struggles. can overcome even the toughest challenges. It
It reminded me that in our busy lives, we often reminded me that progress is often slow, but with
overlook opportunities to help others. Since that determination, success is always within reach.
day, I’ve made a conscious effort to practice That marathon changed the way I approach
kindness wherever I can, no matter how small the obstacles in life, showing me that persistence
act may seem. truly pays off.
Helping that young boy was a simple

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Ch 1 : Composition

4. Write a reflective composition on a time when you great speakers and thought it would be a good
learned to appreciate nature. (300–350 words) opportunity to step out of my comfort zone. I
spent weeks preparing my arguments, rehearsing
Ans
my speech in front of the mirror, and seeking
Rediscovering Nature’s Beauty feedback from my teachers.
Last summer, I went on a trek with my family to On the day of the competition, I felt nervous
a remote hill station. Initially, I wasn’t thrilled but ready. When it was my turn to speak, I
about the idea. I was used to spending my walked to the stage confidently. However, as I
vacations in cities, surrounded by the comfort of began, my nerves got the better of me. I stumbled
technology and modern amenities. Hiking through over my words, forgot key points, and struggled
forests and hills seemed tedious, but I reluctantly to maintain eye contact with the audience. By
agreed to join. the end of my speech, I knew I had not performed
As we began the trek, the first few hours well.
were challenging. The steep path, the heat, and As the results were announced, my name
the absence of mobile network left me frustrated. was not among the winners. I felt defeated and
However, as we climbed higher, something embarrassed. For days, I replayed the moment
changed. The dense forest around us was alive in my head, wondering where I had gone wrong.
with the chirping of birds and the rustling of However, my teacher encouraged me to reflect on
leaves. Streams of crystal-clear water flowed the experience. She said, “Failure is not the end;
alongside the trail, reflecting the sunlight like it’s the beginning of growth.”
diamonds. I began analyzing my mistakes and realized
At one point, we reached a clearing that that my fear of failure had held me back. Instead
offered a panoramic view of the valley below. The of focusing on the audience, I had focused on
sight was breathtaking. Rolling hills stretched avoiding errors, which only made me more
endlessly, covered in shades of green, and a cool anxious. I decided to use this failure as a stepping
breeze carried the scent of wildflowers. I felt a stone.
sense of peace I hadn’t experienced in a long time. Over the next few months, I joined the
During the trek, I noticed small wonders I had school’s public speaking club and practiced
previously overlooked. A butterfly resting on a regularly. Gradually, I learned to manage my
leaf, the sound of a distant waterfall, and the way nerves and focus on the message I wanted to
sunlight filtered through the trees all felt magical. deliver. The following year, I participated in the
For the first time, I realized how disconnected I debate competition again. This time, I delivered
had been from nature in my everyday life. my speech confidently and even won second place.
That trek taught me to appreciate the Failing at my first debate taught me that
simplicity and beauty of the natural world. It setbacks are not the end but an opportunity
reminded me that life isn’t always about screens to improve. It reminded me that success often
and deadlines; sometimes, it’s about pausing to comes after perseverance and self-reflection. That
admire a sunset or listen to the sound of rain. experience helped me grow, and today, I see failure
Since that trip, I’ve made an effort to spend as a valuable teacher rather than a roadblock.
more time outdoors, whether it’s taking a walk
in the park or simply sitting under a tree with a
book. The experience helped me reconnect with S hort story/picture composition
nature, and it continues to inspire me to cherish
the world around me. A short story composition or picture composition
5. Write a reflective composition on a time when you involves crafting a creative and engaging narrative
failed at something but learned a valuable lesson. based on a given theme, prompt, or visual. It
(300–350 words) challenges the writer to interpret the topic or
image and develop a cohesive story around it.
Ans
Key features
Lessons from Failure 1. Creativity : Building an imaginative story
Last year, I decided to participate in a school inspired by the prompt or picture.
debate competition. I had always admired 2. Structured Plot : Includes a clear beginning,

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 27

conflict, climax, and resolution. Ans

3. Interpretation : The story should reflect the
A Day of Fun and Friendship
essence or theme of the image or prompt.
It was the first day of the school summer camp, and
Short story and picture compositions enhance
excitement buzzed in the air. Three close friends-
storytelling skills and encourage originality
Riya, Aarav, and Maya-could barely contain their
while promoting critical thinking and creative
enthusiasm. They had been waiting for this camp
expression.
for weeks, and now that it was finally here, they
Points to Remember were determined to make the most of it.
1. Interpret the picture or prompt carefully and The day started with a series of fun outdoor
decide on a clear theme or story idea. activities. The instructor announced a trust-
2. Begin with an engaging introduction to set building exercise called the “Human Train.”
the tone and capture the reader’s interest. Each participant had to hold out their arms and
3. Create interesting characters with distinct follow the person in front of them without looking
traits and roles in the story. back. Riya, being the most confident of the trio,
4. Develop a structured plot with a clear volunteered to lead their little train. Behind her
beginning, conflict, climax, and resolution. was Aarav, the joker of the group, who kept
5. Use vivid descriptions and sensory details to cracking jokes to lighten the mood. Maya, the
bring the setting and events to life. quiet and cautious one, brought up the rear,
6. Incorporate dialogues to make the story nervously giggling at Aarav’s antics.
realistic and engaging. As they weaved through the open field,
7. Show emotions and reactions of characters to laughter echoed all around. They stumbled and
create a connection with the reader. tripped occasionally, but they always got back
8. Ensure the story reflects the essence or theme up, laughing harder each time. The instructor
of the given picture or prompt. encouraged them to trust each other completely,
9. Maintain a logical flow of events, avoiding and by the end of the game, they realized how
unnecessary details or distractions. much they depended on one another. The exercise
10. End with a meaningful resolution or takeaway wasn’t just about fun; it was about teamwork and
that leaves a lasting impression. understanding.
The afternoon was filled with more activities,
EXAMPLES : from sack races to tug-of-war. The three friends
cheered each other on, celebrating victories and
1. Study the picture given below. Write a story,
laughing off defeats. As the day drew to a close,
description, or an account of what it suggests to
they sat together under the shade of a tree,
you. Your composition may be about the subject
sharing snacks and reminiscing about the day’s
of the picture, or you may take suggestions from
adventures. Maya, who had initially been shy and
it. However, there must be a clear connection
hesitant, confessed that she had never felt so free
between the picture and your composition.
and happy.
That day strengthened their bond in ways
they hadn’t imagined. The picture of them
laughing and holding hands during the “Human
Train” activity became a cherished memory, a
symbol of trust, friendship, and the pure joy of
childhood.

2. Study the picture given below. Write a story,

description, or an account of what it suggests to
you. Your composition may be about the subject
of the picture, or you may take suggestions from
it. However, there must be a clear connection
between the picture and your composition.

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Ch 1 : Composition

situations better than anger or punishment. The

broken window became a symbol of an incident
that began with fear but ended with compassion.

3. Study the picture given below. Write a story,

Ans

The Night of the Unexpected Break-In

It was a quiet summer evening, and the
neighborhood seemed as peaceful as ever. After
a long day at work, I was finally settling into bed
when an unusual sound startled me. A faint creak,
followed by a muffled clang, echoed through the
house. At first, I brushed it off, thinking it might
be the wind. Little did I know that this was the Ans
beginning of an unforgettable night.
As the minutes passed, I couldn’t shake off The Unexpected Gift
the feeling that something was amiss. Gathering It was my birthday, but the day hadn’t gone as
my courage, I tiptoed toward the source of the planned. None of my friends could come over
noise. The moment I reached the living room, because of a heavy storm, and I felt lonely. I
my heart sank. The window on the far side of sulked in my room, disappointed that my special
the room had been pried open, and the grill was day had turned into just another gloomy evening.
bent out of shape. The faint glow of a flashlight Suddenly, there was a knock at the door.
flickered through the darkness, confirming my Curious, I ran to open it and saw my grandfather
worst fears-someone was inside the house. standing there, holding a small wooden box. He
Panic set in, but I forced myself to stay calm. had braved the rain to visit me, and his arrival
I reached for my phone and quietly called the instantly lifted my spirits.
police. Meanwhile, I grabbed a sturdy stick from He handed me the box, saying, “This is a
a nearby corner, unsure of what I might face. special gift for a very special person.” Inside, I
Moments felt like hours as I waited, straining my found an old, beautifully carved harmonica. It
ears for any further movement. had belonged to my grandfather when he was
Then, I saw a shadow emerge. It was a young, and he told me stories of how he would
young boy, barely in his teens, with a frightened play it during family gatherings.
expression. He froze when he saw me and dropped I was thrilled to have something so meaningful,
the bag he was holding. Instead of anger, I felt and my grandfather spent the evening teaching me
a wave of pity. The boy muttered apologies, how to play. We laughed every time I got a note
explaining that desperation had driven him to wrong, and by the end of the night, I managed to
this act. play a simple tune.
The police arrived shortly after, and I That birthday, though simple, became
explained the situation to them. Rather than one of the most memorable days of my life.
pressing charges, I decided to help the boy. I spoke The harmonica was more than a gift; it was a
to a local shelter and ensured he had a place to connection to my grandfather’s past and a new
stay and food to eat. skill I had learned. It reminded me that happiness
That night taught me an important lesson : doesn’t always come from grand celebrations-it’s
sometimes, understanding and kindness can resolve often found in the little moments we share with

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 29

our loved ones. of being responsible and grateful. I’ll always

remember Mr. Sharma’s patience and kindness in
4. Study the picture given below. Write a story, helping me during a moment of panic.
description, or an account of what it suggests to
you. Your composition may be about the subject 5. Study the picture given below. Write a story,
of the picture, or you may take suggestions from description, or an account of what it suggests to
it. However, there must be a clear connection you. Your composition may be about the subject
between the picture and your composition. of the picture, or you may take suggestions from
it. However, there must be a clear connection
between the picture and your composition.

Ans

The Forgotten Notebook Ans

It was the last period of the day, and the bell
The Stray Puppy
rang, signaling the end of school. In the rush to
One rainy afternoon, as I walked home from
leave, I accidentally left my notebook behind
school, I noticed something unusual on the side of
on the classroom desk. I realized this only after
the road. Beneath a parked car, a tiny, shivering
reaching home, and my heart sank-it wasn’t just
puppy sat, drenched to the bone. Its big, brown
any notebook; it contained all my study notes for
eyes stared at me, filled with fear and helplessness.
the upcoming exams.
The rain showed no signs of stopping, and
Panicked, I rushed back to school. The corridors
I couldn’t leave the puppy there. I took off my
were empty, and the classrooms were locked. I felt
raincoat and gently wrapped it around the little
helpless as I stood there, imagining my hard work
creature. At first, it tried to wriggle free, but
lost forever. Just as I was about to leave, I saw the
once it felt the warmth, it stopped struggling and
janitor, Mr. Sharma, walking down the hall.
snuggled closer.
Explaining my situation, I pleaded with him
I brought the puppy home, much to the
to help me. He smiled kindly and agreed to unlock
surprise of my parents. They were hesitant
the classroom. Together, we searched every desk,
at first, worried about how to take care of it.
but my notebook was nowhere to be found.
However, seeing its condition-cold, wet, and
Disappointed, I turned to leave when Mr. Sharma
clearly starving-they couldn’t say no. We dried
pointed to a corner near the window. There it
the puppy off, gave it some milk, and made a
was-my notebook, slightly crumpled but intact!
small bed for it in the corner of the kitchen.
Relieved, I thanked him profusely. He patted
The puppy, which we later named Bruno,
my shoulder and said, “Always double-check before
became a part of our family. Over the next
leaving, young man.” His words stayed with me,
few weeks, he transformed from a timid, scared
and from that day on, I made it a habit to carefully
animal into a playful and energetic companion.
check my belongings before leaving anywhere.
Bruno followed me everywhere, wagging his tail
This small incident taught me the importance

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Ch 1 : Composition

and barking joyfully. He brought life and laughter Ans

into our home, and we couldn’t imagine a day
(a) The Photograph in the Suitcase
without him.
Last summer, while cleaning out my grandmother’s
Looking back, that rainy afternoon taught
attic, I stumbled upon an old suitcase covered in
me the value of compassion. Helping Bruno was a
dust. Its leather straps were worn, and the brass
small act, but it changed both his life and mine.
lock had long since rusted. Curiosity piqued, I
It reminded me that even the smallest gestures of
unbuckled the straps and opened it, revealing
kindness can make a world of difference. Bruno’s
a treasure trove of faded letters, yellowed
loyalty and love continue to inspire me every day,
documents, and black-and-white photographs.
and I am grateful for the bond we share.
Among them was a single photograph that
caught my attention-a young woman standing
under a tree, holding a bouquet of flowers. There
E XERCISE (SOLVED) was something familiar about her smile, and yet I
couldn’t place her. Turning the photograph over,
1. Write a composition (300–400 words) on any one I found the words “For John, with love – 1953”
of the following: scrawled in elegant handwriting.
(a) Write an original short story in which a Intrigued, I took the suitcase downstairs and
missing photograph, an old suitcase, and a showed it to my grandmother. The moment she
reunion form the key elements. saw the photograph, her eyes filled with tears.
(b) Your school organized a community “That’s me,” she said, her voice trembling. She
cleanliness drive. Write an account of the explained that the photograph was taken on the
event, highlighting your role and what the day my grandfather, John, had proposed to her.
team achieved. The suitcase had been his, and he had packed it
(c) “Technology is more of a blessing than a when he left for his first job after their wedding.
curse.” Somewhere along the way, it had been misplaced,
Express your views either for or against this and she hadn’t seen it in decades.
statement. As we went through the contents of the
(d) Describe a festival celebration in your suitcase together, memories came flooding back
neighborhood. Include the sights, sounds, and for her. Each letter and photograph held a story,
emotions that made the occasion special. and I listened intently as she recounted moments
(e) Study the picture given below. Write a from their life together-how they met at a village
story, a description, or an account of what fair, their simple wedding ceremony, and the
it suggests to you. Your composition may be adventures they shared in their early years of
about the subject of the picture or you may marriage.
take suggestions from it; however, there must That evening, inspired by the discovery, I
be a clear connection between the picture and decided to organize a small family gathering. My
your composition. grandmother, holding the photograph, shared
her stories with everyone. The reunion became a
celebration of her love story, and the suitcase, once
forgotten, became a cherished family heirloom.
Finding that suitcase not only brought back
memories for my grandmother but also taught me
the value of preserving the past. It reminded me
that our history is often hidden in the simplest
of things, waiting to be rediscovered and shared.
(b) The Community Cleanliness Drive
Last month, our school organized a community
cleanliness drive in our locality as part of a social
awareness program. The aim was to not only
clean the area but also educate people about the
importance of maintaining hygiene and proper
waste management.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 31

Early on a bright Saturday morning, we separated by continents can now share moments
gathered in the school courtyard, wearing gloves, in real time through video calls and social media.
caps, and masks provided by the school. Armed This has strengthened relationships and made the
with brooms, dustpans, garbage bags, and posters, world feel smaller and more connected.
we headed toward the nearby marketplace, Secondly, technology has transformed
which was known for its littered streets and education. Online learning platforms, virtual
overflowing trash bins. The sight of the trash was classrooms, and e-books have made education
overwhelming-plastic bottles, food wrappers, and accessible to millions who might otherwise be
other waste lay scattered around. deprived of it. Students can learn at their own
We divided ourselves into groups, each tackling pace and explore subjects beyond traditional
different sections of the market. My group was curricula.
assigned to clean the park adjacent to the market. Moreover, technology has significantly
At first, some locals were curious, watching us advanced healthcare. Sophisticated medical
with a mix of amusement and indifference. But equipment, online consultations, and life-saving
as we worked tirelessly, some shopkeepers and treatments have improved the quality of life and
passersby began to join in. The sense of teamwork increased life expectancy. For instance, robotic
and shared purpose grew stronger with each surgeries and AI-powered diagnostic tools have
passing hour. revolutionized patient care.
In addition to cleaning, we distributed In addition, technology has enhanced
pamphlets on waste segregation and proper convenience in daily life. From online shopping
disposal methods. A few of us even spoke to to digital banking, technology saves time and
shopkeepers and street vendors, encouraging them effort. Tasks that once required hours can now be
to use dustbins and recycle whenever possible. We completed in minutes with just a few clicks.
emphasized how a clean environment could attract Critics argue that technology can be addictive
more customers and improve their business. and isolating. While this is true in some cases,
By the end of the day, the transformation was the problem lies in its misuse rather than the
remarkable. The market streets were spotless, and technology itself. Moderation and responsible
the park looked rejuvenated. The satisfaction of usage can mitigate these negative effects.
seeing the immediate impact of our efforts was In conclusion, technology has brought
unparalleled. tremendous benefits to humanity. It has
The event left a lasting impression on me. empowered individuals, solved complex problems,
It showed me how collective action can bring and opened doors to endless possibilities. While
about change and the importance of taking it requires mindful usage, its potential to improve
responsibility for our surroundings. The sense of lives far outweighs its drawbacks, making it a true
community we felt that day was inspiring, and I blessing in today’s world.
realized that small efforts, when multiplied, can (d) A Festival Celebration in
lead to significant improvements. The cleanliness My Neighborhood
drive wasn’t just an activity; it was a step toward Every year, our neighborhood comes alive
building a cleaner, healthier, and more aware during Diwali, the festival of lights. This year
society. was no different, and the excitement in the air
(c) Technology Is More of a Blessing was palpable days before the actual celebration.
Than a Curse Houses were decorated with twinkling lights,
For the Motion : colorful rangolis adorned doorsteps, and the
aroma of festive sweets wafted through the streets.
Technology has become an inseparable part of
On the morning of Diwali, my family and I
our lives, revolutionizing the way we live, work,
began the day with a traditional cleaning of our
and communicate. While it is not without its
house, followed by placing earthen lamps (diyas) in
challenges, I strongly believe that technology is
every corner. By evening, the entire neighborhood
more of a blessing than a curse.
was illuminated, creating a magical atmosphere.
Firstly, technology has bridged gaps in
Each house seemed to compete in decorating their
communication. With the advent of smartphones
balconies and terraces, and the collective glow of
and the internet, people can connect instantly,
the lamps was mesmerizing.
regardless of geographical distances. Families
As the festivities began, neighbors gathered

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Ch 1 : Composition

at the community center for a puja. The sound were fixed, and we even planted a few flower beds
of devotional songs filled the air, accompanied along the edges. Seeing the transformation filled
by the rhythmic clanging of bells. After the puja, us with pride and joy.
the real fun began. Children ran around with That evening, children flocked to the
sparklers, their laughter ringing out in the night. playground, their laughter echoing as they ran
Families exchanged sweets and gifts, their faces and played. Watching them enjoy the space we
glowing with joy and warmth. had worked so hard to restore was the most
The highlight of the evening was the rewarding part of the day.
community feast. Tables were set up in the park, The experience taught me the value of
laden with a variety of traditional dishes, from teamwork and perseverance. It showed me how
samosas and gulab jamuns to biryani and kheer. small efforts, when combined, can bring about big
Everyone, regardless of age or background, came changes. The picture of the children reminded me
together to share a meal, making the celebration of that day, of how determination and a shared
even more special. vision can turn challenges into opportunities.
Later, a group of us went to distribute sweets
to the underprivileged children in a nearby shelter. 2. Write a composition (300–400 words) on any one
Their happiness and gratitude reminded me of of the following:
the true essence of Diwali-spreading light and joy. (a) Write an original short story in which a
The night ended with a spectacular fireworks mysterious old clock, a forgotten attic, and a
display. Bright colors lit up the sky as everyone family reunion play a central role.
gathered to watch in awe. As I stood there with (b) Your school organized a tree plantation drive.
my friends and family, I felt a deep sense of Write an account of the event, highlighting
belonging and gratitude. its impact on the community and what you
Diwali is more than just a festival; it’s a time learned from the experience.
for togetherness, generosity, and celebration. This (c) “Competition brings out the best in people.”
year’s celebration in my neighborhood reinforced Express your views either for or against this
the importance of community spirit and the joy statement.
that comes from sharing happiness with others. (d) Describe a bustling train station during peak
hours. Focus on the sights, sounds, and the
(e) A Picture of Determination emotions of the people present.
The picture of children working together reminded (e) Study the picture given below. Write a
me of a day when my friends and I decided to story, a description, or an account of what
clean up the playground in our colony. It was it suggests to you. Your composition may be
a neglected space, overrun with weeds, broken about the subject of the picture or you may
swings, and scattered trash. Despite its state, it take suggestions from it; however, there must
had the potential to be a wonderful play area, and be a clear connection between the picture and
we were determined to transform it. your composition.
On a sunny Saturday morning, armed with
brooms, garbage bags, and gardening tools, we
gathered at the playground. Initially, the task
seemed overwhelming. Trash lay strewn across
the ground, and the swings creaked ominously.
However, our enthusiasm kept us going. We divided
ourselves into groups-some focused on cleaning,
while others began repairing the swings and slides.
As we worked, curious onlookers began
to gather. Some joined in, bringing extra tools
and offering help. It was heartening to see the
community come together, united by a common
goal. One of the uncles even brought a water
hose to clean the dusty equipment, while a few
neighbors brought snacks to keep our energy up.
By the afternoon, the playground was
unrecognizable. The trash was gone, the swings

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 33

Ans school grounds, ready to make a difference. The

local authorities had provided us with over 200
(a) The Mystery of the Old Clock
saplings of various native trees, including neem,
It was during the winter holidays that I found
peepal and mango. Armed with shovels, watering
myself exploring the forgotten attic of my
cans, and gloves, we divided ourselves into teams
grandparents’ house. The attic was a treasure
and headed to a nearby park that had been
trove of memories, filled with dusty trunks, old
selected for the plantation.
photographs, and cobwebbed furniture. Among
The park, once a vibrant green space, had
the clutter stood an old grandfather clock, its
suffered due to neglect and urbanization. Seeing
wood polished but slightly worn, and its hands
its barren patches inspired us to work harder.
frozen at midnight.
Each team was assigned specific areas, and we
Intrigued, I ran my fingers over the intricate
began digging, planting, and watering the saplings
carvings on its frame. The clock seemed out of
with enthusiasm. Some of us also decorated the
place, almost as if it didn’t belong to this era. My
area with small signs carrying messages like
grandfather, noticing my curiosity, joined me and
“Plant Trees, Save Earth” and “Green Today for
smiled. “That clock,” he said, “has a story.”
a Better Tomorrow.”
He told me that the clock had been a
As the morning progressed, passersby
wedding gift to his parents, passed down through
stopped to watch and even offered to help. It
generations. It had stopped working years ago,
was heartwarming to see the community come
but no one had the heart to part with it. “Some
together. A local shopkeeper brought water
say it holds a secret,” he added mysteriously. My
bottles for the volunteers, while a few elderly
cousins and I decided to find out for ourselves.
residents shared stories of how the park used to
The next day, we gathered around the
be a haven for children and families years ago.
clock, determined to uncover its mystery. As we
Their words motivated us even more.
examined it closely, we noticed a small, almost
By the afternoon, all the saplings had been
invisible compartment at its base. With some
planted, and the park looked transformed.
effort, we managed to open it, revealing a dusty
Although it would take years for the trees to grow,
envelope. Inside were letters written by my great-
we felt proud of taking the first step. The event
grandfather to his wife during their early years
concluded with a short speech by our principal,
of marriage. The letters spoke of their dreams,
who reminded us that taking care of the saplings
struggles, and unwavering love for each other.
was as important as planting them. Each team
The discovery became the highlight of our
pledged to visit the park regularly to ensure the
holiday. That evening, we read the letters aloud
trees grew strong and healthy.
during a family gathering. My grandparents shared
The tree plantation drive taught me the
stories of their own, and laughter and nostalgia
importance of environmental conservation and
filled the room. The clock, once forgotten, became
collective action. It showed me how small efforts
a symbol of love and family history.
can create a ripple effect, inspiring others to join
Finding the letters reminded me of the
the cause. As I walk past the park now, I feel a
importance of preserving family traditions and
sense of pride knowing that we contributed to its
memories. The old clock, with its frozen hands,
revival. It was not just an event; it was a lesson in
seemed to hold time still, capturing a piece of
responsibility, teamwork, and the power of nature.
the past for us to cherish. That holiday became
unforgettable, not because of what we discovered (c) Competition Brings Out the Best in People
but because of the bonds it strengthened among For the Motion :
us. Competition is often seen as a driving force behind
(b) The Tree Plantation Drive progress and self-improvement. I strongly believe
Last month, our school organized a tree plantation that competition brings out the best in people by
drive to promote environmental awareness in our pushing them to strive for excellence and achieve
community. The event was planned as part of their full potential.
our annual eco-club activities, and everyone was Firstly, competition encourages individuals
excited to contribute. to work harder and smarter. When faced with
Early on a Saturday morning, students, a challenge, people are motivated to go beyond
teachers, and even a few parents gathered at the their comfort zones and put in their best effort.

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Ch 1 : Composition

For instance, students preparing for an exam or The announcements blared over the speakers,
athletes training for a championship often perform struggling to compete with the din of the crowd.
better when they know they are competing Trains whistled as they approached or departed,
against others. The desire to excel pushes them their rhythmic clatter blending with the chatter
to improve their skills, increase their focus, and of passengers. A group of students laughed
develop discipline. loudly as they boarded, their excitement about
Secondly, competition fosters creativity and their trip palpable. Nearby, a businessman spoke
innovation. In fields like science, technology, and animatedly into his phone, oblivious to the chaos
the arts, competition has led to groundbreaking around him.
discoveries and inventions. Rivalries between The emotions on the platform were as varied
companies or individuals often result in better as the people present. Some passengers looked
products, ideas, or solutions, benefiting society as relaxed, enjoying a cup of tea while waiting for
a whole. The competitive spirit fuels the quest for their train. Others, running to catch a departing
improvement and drives progress. train, wore expressions of panic and urgency. A
Moreover, competition helps people develop family waved goodbye to their loved ones, their
resilience and adaptability. It teaches individuals eyes glistening with tears, while a young couple
how to handle pressure, overcome failures, and greeted each other with warm hugs, their joy
learn from mistakes. These qualities are essential evident.
for success in both personal and professional life. As the train I was waiting for pulled into the
For example, a student who doesn’t win a debate station, the platform came alive with activity.
competition may reflect on their performance, Doors opened, and passengers spilled out, jostling
identify areas of improvement, and come back past those trying to board. Amid the noise and
stronger in the next round. commotion, I couldn’t help but marvel at the
However, competition should always be organized chaos of it all.
healthy. When approached with a positive mindset, The train station, though hectic, is a
it builds character and promotes camaraderie microcosm of life itself-a place where stories begin
among peers. It instills a sense of fairness, respect and end, where people from all walks of life come
for others’ abilities, and the understanding that together for a brief moment before continuing
success comes from hard work. their journeys. It reminded me of the beauty in
In conclusion, competition is a powerful tool the diversity of human experiences and how even
for personal and societal growth. While it may in the busiest of places, there is a rhythm and
create challenges, it also brings out qualities like order that connects us all.
determination, creativity, and resilience. When
embraced in the right spirit, competition truly (e) A Picture of Serenity
brings out the best in people and paves the way The image of the winter landscape, with two bare
for progress and achievement. trees framing a snow-covered park bench and a
foggy bridge in the background, evokes a sense of
(d) A Bustling Train Station
peace and solitude. It reminds me of a day last
The train station during peak hours is a symphony
winter when I found myself seeking solace in a
of chaos and energy. As I arrived at the station
similar setting.
one evening to catch my train, I was immediately
It was the first snowfall of the season, and I
engulfed by the bustling crowd. The platform was
had ventured out early in the morning, drawn by
a sea of people-commuters rushing to catch their
the quiet beauty of the freshly blanketed park.
trains, vendors loudly advertising their wares, and
The world seemed to have paused. The snow
porters carrying heavy luggage on their shoulders.
crunched softly beneath my boots, and my breath
The sights were vibrant and diverse. Travelers
formed small clouds in the crisp air. The trees
with suitcases weaved through the crowd, while
stood tall and bare, their branches stretching like
families with young children waited near benches,
arms to embrace the stillness around them.
their luggage stacked high. On one corner of the
As I approached the park bench, I noticed
platform, a tea vendor stirred his steaming pot
how untouched the scene was, as if it had been
of chai, the aroma mingling with the scent of
waiting for someone to come and appreciate its
freshly fried snacks from another stall. Newspaper
tranquility. I sat down, my gloved hands resting
vendors hurriedly sold their stacks to passengers
on my lap, and let the calm wash over me. In
eager for a read during their journey.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 35

the distance, the outline of a bridge emerged

faintly through the mist, its lights shimmering
like distant stars. The quiet lapping of water
against the shore was the only sound, adding to
the meditative quality of the moment.
The scene encouraged reflection. Sitting
there, I thought about the fast-paced rhythm of
life and how moments like these, rare and fleeting,
remind us to slow down. The fog obscuring the
bridge felt symbolic-like the uncertainties of life
that can seem daunting until we take a moment
to pause and regain clarity.
As the day unfolded, a few others walked
through the park, their figures ghostlike in the
mist. Yet, even in their presence, the atmosphere
of solitude remained. It felt as though the snow and
fog had cocooned the park in a quiet sanctuary. Ans
This scene, much like the picture, taught me
(a) The Unexpected Call
the value of stillness. In a world filled with noise
It was the most unexpected phone call I had ever
and chaos, there is immense beauty in a silent
received. On a quiet Sunday afternoon, as I sat
winter morning-a reminder that nature often
flipping through an old photo album, my phone
holds the answers we seek, offering peace and
buzzed with an unknown number flashing on the
perspective when we need it the most. Even now,
screen. Curious, I answered, and the voice on the
that moment stays with me as a memory of pure
other end said, “Hello, this is Inspector Sharma.
serenity and introspection.
We’ve found something that belongs to your
family.”
I was taken aback. The inspector explained
that a suitcase had been recovered during the
3. Write a composition (300–400 words) on any one renovation of an old house in another part of town.
of the following: The suitcase contained letters and photographs
(a) Write an original short story that begins with bearing my family name. Intrigued and puzzled,
the sentence : “It was the most unexpected I decided to visit the police station the next day.
phone call I had ever received.” When I arrived, the inspector handed me a
(b) Your school hosted a cultural exchange dusty suitcase. The initials “K.R.” were embossed
program. Write an account of the event, on it, the same as my great-grandfather’s name.
highlighting the activities and what you My heart raced as I opened the suitcase. Inside
learned from interacting with students from were black-and-white photographs, letters, and a
another culture. diary. The diary detailed my great-grandfather’s
(c) “The pursuit of money is destroying the journey as a freedom fighter during India’s
environment.” struggle for independence. It described his life in
Express your views either for or against this hiding, the sacrifices he made, and the dreams he
statement. had for the future generations of his family.
(d) Describe a memorable evening you spent One letter stood out-it was addressed to my
watching the sunset. Include details of the grandfather, expressing hope that the family
setting, the emotions it evoked, and why it would continue to uphold values of courage,
was special. kindness, and resilience. Reading those words, I
(e) Study the picture given below. Use it to felt an overwhelming connection to a man I had
write a story, description, or account of what never met but whose legacy shaped my family.
it suggests to you. Your response should be The discovery brought my family together.
clearly connected to the picture. We spent days piecing together stories from the
diary and photographs. It reminded us of our
roots and the sacrifices made by our ancestors.

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Ch 1 : Composition

The suitcase, once forgotten, became a cherished It also reminded me of the importance of open-
symbol of our heritage. mindedness and the joy of forming connections
That phone call, though unexpected, changed beyond borders.
how I viewed my family’s history. It reminded
(c) The Pursuit of Money Is Destroying the
me that our past holds stories waiting to be
Environment
discovered and shared.
For the Motion :
(b) The Cultural Exchange Program
I firmly believe that the relentless pursuit of
Last month, our school hosted a cultural exchange
money is causing severe harm to the environment.
program with students from a school in Japan.
In the race for profit, industries and individuals
It was an enriching experience that left a lasting
often prioritize economic gain over ecological
impression on everyone involved.
preservation, leading to disastrous consequences.
The event began with a warm welcome
Firstly, deforestation is a glaring example
ceremony. Our school auditorium was decorated
of how money-driven activities harm the
with flags and banners representing both
environment. Forests are cleared to make way
countries. The Japanese students, dressed in
for commercial agriculture, logging, and urban
traditional kimonos, presented an elegant dance
development. This not only destroys habitats but
performance. In return, our students showcased a
also contributes to global warming by reducing
classical Indian dance, accompanied by the beats
the earth’s ability to absorb carbon dioxide.
of the tabla. The applause and cheers from the
audience created an atmosphere of camaraderie Secondly, industries seeking to maximize
and mutual appreciation. profits often disregard environmental regulations.
Factories release toxic chemicals into rivers and
Over the next few days, various activities
air, while mining activities leave landscapes
were planned to encourage interaction and
scarred and ecosystems disrupted. The demand
learning. Workshops on calligraphy, origami, and
for fossil fuels to power economic growth further
tea ceremonies gave us a glimpse into Japanese
accelerates climate change and depletes natural
traditions. In exchange, we introduced our guests
resources.
to rangoli-making, yoga, and Indian cooking.
It was fascinating to see how art, cuisine, and Additionally, consumerism driven by profit-
customs could bridge cultural gaps. focused businesses leads to overproduction and
waste. From plastic packaging to electronic
The program also included discussions and
gadgets, the emphasis on creating and selling
group projects. I worked with a Japanese student
more products results in pollution and
named Akira on a presentation about sustainable
resource depletion. Landfills overflow with non-
living practices in our respective countries.
biodegradable waste, while oceans suffer from the
While discussing ideas, we realized that despite
dumping of industrial and household trash.
our different backgrounds, we shared common
concerns about the environment. The exchange Critics argue that economic growth is necessary
of ideas not only enhanced our project but also for development. While this may be true, it should
deepened our understanding of each other’s not come at the cost of the planet. Sustainable
perspectives. practices, such as renewable energy, eco-friendly
packaging, and responsible consumption, prove
The highlight of the program was a day
that progress and environmental care can coexist.
trip to a historical site. As we explored the
monuments together, we exchanged stories about In conclusion, the pursuit of money, when
our countries’ histories and traditions. The unchecked, wreaks havoc on the environment.
laughter, shared photographs, and spontaneous It is crucial to balance economic ambitions
group selfies made the day unforgettable. with ecological responsibility. After all, without
a healthy planet, financial success becomes
When the program came to an end, there
meaningless.
were tearful goodbyes and promises to stay in
touch. The bonds we formed during those few (d) A Memorable Evening Watching the Sunset
days felt special and genuine. One evening, after a long and tiring day, I decided
The cultural exchange program taught to visit the hilltop near my house, a place known
me that diversity is a strength and that for its stunning sunset views. As I climbed the
understanding different cultures enriches our lives. gentle slope, the cool breeze carried the scent of

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 37

wildflowers and rustling leaves. The sky above smoke, her movements were precise and fearless.
was beginning to transform, shifting from soft The crowd watched in awe as she worked
blue to shades of orange, pink, and gold. tirelessly to rescue a family trapped on the top
By the time I reached the top, the sun was floor. The sight of her carrying a small child down
nearing the horizon, a fiery orb casting its warm the ladder moved everyone to tears. Her courage
glow across the landscape. The clouds seemed to and dedication inspired those around her, and
dance around it, their edges painted in crimson her calm demeanor under pressure reassured the
and violet hues. The sight was nothing short of anxious crowd.
magical. I found a comfortable spot on a rock The rescue operation continued for hours as
and settled down to watch nature’s masterpiece the firefighters fought the raging flames. Buckets
unfold. of water, hoses, and teamwork combined to bring
The birds were returning to their nests, their the fire under control. By the end of the night,
melodic chirping creating a serene symphony. The they had successfully evacuated everyone from
silhouettes of trees stood out against the vibrant the building and ensured no lives were lost.
sky, and the distant sound of temple bells added The image of that young firefighter stayed
a sense of calm. Below, the town lights began to with me long after the incident. It symbolized
flicker on, merging the beauty of the natural and bravery, selflessness, and the human spirit’s
human-made worlds. capacity to rise above fear. Her actions reminded
As the sun sank lower, the sky turned into a me that true heroes are not those who seek
canvas of deep red and purple. The peaceful scene recognition but those who step forward in times
filled me with a sense of gratitude and reflection. of need.
The setting sun seemed to whisper that endings The picture of courage depicted in the scene
are not always sorrowful; they bring closure and serves as an inspiration to face challenges head-
pave the way for new beginnings. on and to always help others, even when the task
I spent the remaining moments reflecting on seems daunting. It’s a testament to the strength
life, my goals, and the importance of finding joy and resilience that lies within us all.
in simple things. The sunset wasn’t just a visual
treat; it felt like a spiritual experience, reminding 4. Write a composition (300–400 words) on any one
me to slow down and appreciate the world around of the following:
me. (a) Write an original short story that begins with
When the last rays of sunlight disappeared, the sentence : “A sudden knock at the door in
leaving a gentle twilight, I felt rejuvenated the middle of the night changed everything.”
and content. That evening became a cherished (b) Your school hosted a science exhibition.
memory, one I often revisit when I need a moment Write an account of the event, focusing on
of peace. Watching the sunset was more than the exhibits and how it inspired students to
just a beautiful sight; it was a reminder of life’s explore scientific ideas.
fleeting yet beautiful moments. (c) “Education is the key to solving global
issues.”
(e) A Picture of Courage Express your views either for or against this
The image of a firefighter battling flames brings statement.
to mind an incident in my neighborhood last year. (d) Describe a rainy day in your city. Focus on
It was a quiet evening when a sudden explosion the atmosphere, the sights, sounds, and how
shattered the calm. Looking out of my window, the rain affects people’s moods.
I saw thick black smoke rising from a nearby (e) Study the picture given below. Use it to
building. The fire spread rapidly, and panic write a story, description, or account of what
ensued as residents ran to safety. it suggests to you. Your response should be
Within minutes, the fire brigade arrived. Their clearly connected to the picture.
bright uniforms and flashing sirens brought hope
amidst the chaos. Among the firefighters was a
young woman who immediately took charge. She
assessed the situation and climbed a tall ladder to
reach the upper floors, where some people were
trapped. Despite the intense heat and swirling

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Ch 1 : Composition

(b) The Science Exhibition

Our school’s annual science exhibition was an
extraordinary event that showcased the creativity
and curiosity of students. Weeks of preparation
culminated in a day filled with excitement,
learning, and innovation.
The school auditorium buzzed with energy as
visitors arrived. Each class had set up its own
section, with students proudly presenting their
projects. From solar-powered devices to models
explaining climate change, the exhibits reflected a
wide range of topics.
One project that caught everyone’s attention
was a robotic arm built by senior students. It
could perform simple tasks like picking up objects
and even writing! Another group presented a
working model of a water purification system,
Ans demonstrating its effectiveness with polluted
samples.
(a) A Knock at Midnight As I walked around, I marveled at the
A sudden knock at the door in the middle of the ingenuity of my peers. The exhibition wasn’t
night changed everything. The clock struck twelve just about science; it was about collaboration
as I jolted awake, startled by the sound. My and problem-solving. The interactions between
parents were away for a family emergency, and I students and visitors highlighted the importance
was home alone. For a moment, I wondered if I of sharing knowledge and sparking curiosity.
had imagined the noise, but then it came again- The event ended with a prize distribution
louder, more urgent. ceremony, where the best projects were recognized.
Heart pounding, I tiptoed to the door and More than the awards, what stood out was the
peeked through the peephole. A disheveled man sense of accomplishment on every student’s face.
stood there, shivering in the cold. He looked The science exhibition inspired me to think
desperate, his clothes drenched from the rain. I critically and explore the wonders of the scientific
hesitated but eventually cracked the door open world.
slightly. “Please help me,” he said, his voice
(c) Education Is the Key to Solving
trembling. “My car broke down, and my phone’s
Global Issues
dead. I just need to make a call.”
Reluctantly, I let him in. He explained he For the Motion :
had been stranded for hours and had walked I strongly believe that education is the most
miles looking for help. Handing him my phone, powerful tool for addressing global challenges.
I watched as he called a tow truck. His gratitude Whether it is poverty, climate change, or
was genuine, and as he sat by the heater to warm inequality, education provides the foundation for
up, he shared bits of his story-a traveling salesman finding sustainable solutions.
trying to reach his family. Firstly, education empowers individuals
The tow truck arrived within the hour, and with knowledge and skills. It enables people to
he thanked me profusely before leaving. The secure better jobs, breaking the cycle of poverty.
encounter, though brief, left a lasting impression For instance, access to quality education equips
on me. It taught me that kindness requires children in underdeveloped countries to grow into
courage, especially in uncertain situations. skilled professionals, contributing to their nation’s
That night, the unexpected knock reminded economy.
me of the importance of trust and compassion. Secondly, education fosters critical thinking
Sometimes, helping a stranger in need can create and innovation. Complex issues like climate
a ripple of goodwill, reaffirming our shared change require creative solutions, which can
humanity. only emerge when people are educated about
the science behind these problems. Schools and

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 39

universities can teach sustainable practices, streets, and finding shelter in crowded shops.
encouraging students to adopt eco-friendly habits As I sipped a hot cup of chai under a makeshift
and advocate for policy changes. tent, I felt a strange sense of peace amidst the
Moreover, education promotes equality chaos. The rain seemed to slow down the city’s
by reducing gender disparities. Educating relentless pace, encouraging moments of stillness
girls, for example, leads to lower birth rates, and reflection.
improved health outcomes, and more inclusive By the time the rain eased, the city had taken
economic growth. It also encourages tolerance on a serene beauty. The streets sparkled under
and understanding, reducing conflicts fueled by the glow of lights, and the cool, fresh air carried
ignorance and prejudice. a sense of renewal. That rainy day reminded me
Critics might argue that education alone of how nature, even in its disruptive moments,
cannot solve global issues. While this is partially has the power to bring people together and create
true, education is a catalyst that drives other memories that linger long after the skies have
efforts. It raises awareness, inspires action, and cleared.
builds a foundation for long-term progress. (e) A Picture of Strength
In conclusion, education is not just a tool for The image of a rescue worker carrying a child
personal development but a solution for global through floodwaters immediately brings to mind
challenges. By investing in education, we can the resilience and bravery of those who risk their
create a world that is informed, equitable, and lives to save others during natural disasters. It
equipped to tackle its most pressing problems. reminds me of a real-life story from last year
(d) A Rainy Day in the City when a neighboring village was struck by heavy
It was a gloomy morning as gray clouds hovered monsoon floods.
low, signaling the arrival of rain. By noon, a The relentless rains had caused rivers to
gentle drizzle had turned into a steady downpour, overflow, submerging homes and roads. Among
transforming the city into a blend of chaos and the rescue team was a firefighter named Rajan,
charm. The streets glistened with water, reflecting whose dedication became the symbol of hope
the muted hues of the sky. for the affected villagers. In one particularly
Pedestrians hurried along, clutching moving incident, Rajan carried a young boy to
umbrellas and dodging puddles. The vibrant safety through neck-deep water, all while battling
colors of their umbrellas created a stark contrast strong currents and heavy rain. The boy’s parents
against the gray surroundings. Vendors scrambled had been swept away earlier, and Rajan’s efforts
to protect their goods with plastic sheets, their ensured that the child survived and reunited with
voices calling out to passersby despite the rain. extended family.
Cars crawled through waterlogged roads, their The rescue operations continued for days,
headlights cutting through the mist. The honking with Rajan and his team working tirelessly to
of frustrated drivers blended with the rhythmic evacuate stranded villagers. The image of him
patter of raindrops on roofs. carrying the boy became a powerful symbol of
The rain brought both inconvenience and selflessness and strength. It was widely shared,
unexpected beauty. The scent of wet earth filled not just for the act itself, but for the message it
the air, mingling with the aroma of freshly fried conveyed about humanity’s ability to rise above
pakoras and steaming chai from roadside stalls. adversity.
Children, oblivious to the troubles caused by the The picture also reminds me of the incredible
rain, splashed in puddles, their laughter ringing coordination and teamwork required during
out. Their joy was infectious, a reminder of the such crises. Volunteers worked alongside rescue
simple pleasures that rain could bring. personnel to provide food, shelter, and medical
The trees and plants appeared greener, their aid to displaced families. Local schools were
leaves washed clean of dust, adding a refreshing converted into temporary shelters, and everyone
vibrancy to the otherwise dull atmosphere. pitched in to help rebuild the community.
Streetlights flickered to life as the rain persisted For me, the image represents more than
into the evening, their reflections dancing on the just physical strength. It embodies courage,
wet roads. Despite the challenges, there was a quiet compassion, and the unyielding human spirit in
charm in watching people adapt to the weather- the face of disaster. The flood left devastation
sharing umbrellas, helping strangers cross flooded in its wake, but the efforts of people like Rajan

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Ch 1 : Composition

showed that even during the darkest times, acts locket accompanied by a note that read, “Your
of kindness and bravery can shine a light of hope. family history is more important than you know.”
The picture remains etched in my memory as The locket had a faded photograph of a
a reminder that heroes often emerge in the most woman and a child, neither of whom I recognized.
unexpected circumstances, proving that resilience Intrigued, I showed it to my grandmother. Her
and empathy can overcome even the greatest eyes widened as she held it, tears forming in
challenges. the corners of her eyes. “This belonged to my
mother,” she said softly. “I lost it years ago, and
5. Write a composition (300–400 words) on any one I thought I’d never see it again.”
of the following: Over the next few days, my grandmother
(a) Write an original short story that begins with shared stories of her mother-how she had bravely
the sentence : “The box was small, but it held raised her children during a time of great struggle.
something that changed my life forever.” She spoke of the hardships they endured and the
(b) Your school organized a sports day event. sacrifices her mother made to ensure they had a
Write an account of the event, describing better life. Each story painted a vivid picture of
the activities, the winners, and the spirit of resilience, love, and hope.
teamwork it inspired. The locket became a symbol of our family’s
(c) “Books are a better source of knowledge than journey. Inspired by these stories, I began
the internet.” researching our family history, piecing together
Express your views either for or against this fragments of the past. I discovered relatives I
statement. didn’t know existed and learned about their
(d) Describe a quiet evening spent by a lake. contributions to the community.
Focus on the sights, sounds, and the emotions That small box did more than reconnect
it evoked. my grandmother with a lost piece of her past.
(e) Study the picture given below. Use it to It deepened my appreciation for my roots and
write a story, description, or account of what the strength of the people who came before me.
it suggests to you. Your response should be It taught me that understanding where we come
clearly connected to the picture. from can profoundly shape who we are and the
paths we choose.
To this day, the locket sits in a place of honor
in our home, a constant reminder of the legacy I
carry. The unexpected arrival of that small box
not only changed my perspective but also brought
my family closer together.
(b) The Spirit of Sports Day
Last month, our school celebrated its annual
sports day with great enthusiasm. The event was
a culmination of weeks of preparation, and the
excitement among students was palpable.
The day began with a grand opening ceremony.
The school band played a lively tune as the chief
guest, a former national athlete, hoisted the flag
and declared the event open. The participants,
dressed in their respective house colors, marched
proudly during the parade, their synchronized
Ans steps drawing loud applause from the audience.
The track events kicked off with a 100-meter
(a) The Box That Changed Everything
race that kept everyone on the edge of their seats.
The box was small, but it held something that
Cheers erupted as students sprinted toward the
changed my life forever. It arrived unexpectedly
finish line, giving their best despite the sweltering
one morning, delivered by a courier with no
heat. Field events like long jump and shot put
sender’s name. Curious and a little apprehensive,
showcased remarkable skill and determination,
I opened it. Inside was an old, intricately carved
while team sports like relay races and tug-of-war

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 41

highlighted the importance of teamwork. than the internet. They foster critical thinking,
One of the most memorable moments was preserve timeless knowledge, and offer a sense
the staff-student relay race. The sight of teachers of authenticity that digital platforms cannot
running alongside their students brought smiles replicate.
and laughter to everyone. It was a heartwarming (d) A Quiet Evening by the Lake
reminder of the camaraderie shared within the The lake stretched out before me, its surface
school community. calm and glistening under the golden hues of the
The event concluded with a prize distribution setting sun. It was a quiet evening, the kind that
ceremony. The chief guest praised the students soothes the soul and invites reflection. The air
for their efforts and emphasized the role of sports was cool and carried a faint, earthy aroma from
in building character and resilience. The winning the surrounding trees.
house received the championship trophy, but it As I sat on a rock by the edge of the lake,
was clear that every participant felt like a winner I watched ripples form whenever a gentle breeze
that day. touched the water. Occasionally, a fish would
Sports day wasn’t just about competition; leap out, creating small splashes that echoed
it was about celebrating effort, teamwork, and in the stillness. Birds flew across the sky, their
school spirit. The event left us all inspired to silhouettes dark against the vibrant colors of the
strive for excellence, both on and off the field. sunset-shades of orange, pink, and purple blended
(c) Books Are a Better Source of Knowledge seamlessly, painting the horizon.
Than the Internet The quiet was punctuated by soft, natural
For the Motion : sounds. Crickets began their evening symphony,
and the rustling of leaves added a soothing
I strongly believe that books are a better source
rhythm. A family of ducks glided gracefully across
of knowledge than the internet. While the
the water, their wake creating delicate patterns
internet offers vast amounts of information, books
on the lake’s surface. In the distance, I could hear
provide depth, credibility, and a unique learning
faint laughter from a group of picnickers, their
experience.
voices fading as they packed up to leave.
Firstly, books are curated by experts,
Sitting there, I felt a profound sense of peace.
ensuring the reliability of the content. Unlike
The lake seemed to mirror my thoughts, calm
the internet, which is flooded with unverified
yet deep. I reflected on the events of the day, my
information, books go through rigorous editing
goals, and the small joys I often overlook in the
and fact-checking processes. This makes them a
rush of life. The stillness of the water and the
more trustworthy source of knowledge.
beauty of the evening reminded me to slow down
Secondly, books encourage focus and deep
and appreciate the present moment.
thinking. Reading a book requires sustained
As the sun dipped lower, the sky darkened,
attention, allowing readers to absorb concepts
and the first stars began to twinkle. The lake
fully and reflect on them. In contrast, the
now reflected the night sky, creating an almost
internet often promotes skimming and superficial
magical effect. Reluctantly, I decided it was time
understanding due to its overwhelming volume of
to head back, but the memory of that evening
information and distractions like ads and pop-ups.
stayed with me.
Moreover, books are timeless. Classic works
That quiet evening by the lake wasn’t just
of literature, history, and science have been
a moment of relaxation-it was a reminder of
instrumental in shaping society and remain
the importance of reconnecting with nature and
relevant across generations. While internet trends
finding tranquility in the midst of life’s chaos.
come and go, books preserve knowledge in its
purest form. (e) A Picture of Reconciliation
Critics might argue that the internet is faster The picture of two men embracing amidst the
and more convenient. While this is true, the speed vibrant colors of Holi takes me back to a story
of information comes at the cost of quality. The my grandmother told me-a story of friendship,
internet often sacrifices depth for brevity, making misunderstandings, and the power of forgiveness.
it less effective for comprehensive learning. In a small town, two childhood friends,
In conclusion, books provide a deeper, more Ramesh and Vijay, were inseparable. They played
reliable, and more enriching learning experience together, studied together, and dreamed of a future

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Ch 1 : Composition

where their friendship would remain unshaken. notice as you sit there, and what makes the
However, as they grew older, a misunderstanding place special to you.
over a trivial matter drove them apart. Words (e) Study the picture given below. Write a
were exchanged in anger, and the bond they once story, a description, or an account of what
cherished was broken. it suggests to you. Your composition may be
Years passed, and life took them in different about the subject of the picture or you may
directions. Both men settled in the same housing take suggestions from it; however, there must
society but avoided each other, their hearts be a clear connection between the picture and
heavy with unresolved emotions. Then, one Holi, your composition.
everything changed.
The housing society organized a Holi Milan
on the central lawn. Families gathered, children
laughed, and clouds of vibrant colors filled the
air. Ramesh and Vijay, reluctant at first, attended
the event, staying on opposite sides of the crowd.
Amidst the celebration, their eyes met for the first
time in years. The sight of each other, drenched
in color and surrounded by joy, stirred something
deep within them.
Tentatively, Vijay took a handful of colored
powder and walked toward Ramesh. Without
saying a word, he smeared the color on Ramesh’s
face, a gesture of reconciliation. Ramesh, moved
by the moment, embraced his old friend. The
years of bitterness melted away as they hugged,
tears mixing with the colors on their faces.
The scene was a powerful reminder of how
Ans
Holi symbolizes unity and renewal. The crowd
cheered, and others joined in the celebration, (a) The Mystery of the Lost Diary
inspired by the reunion. The festival, once just an It was a rainy afternoon when I found a weathered
occasion, became a turning point that restored a diary lying near the school playground. The name
bond thought to be lost. “Rohan K.” was scribbled across the cover in faded
Looking at the picture, I am reminded that ink. Unable to suppress my curiosity, I opened
forgiveness has the power to heal even the deepest it. Inside, the pages revealed a mix of detailed
wounds. It taught me that life is too short to hold notes, hand-drawn maps, and a mysterious letter
onto grudges and that festivals like Holi are not addressed to the school principal. The letter spoke
just about colors but also about bringing people about a hidden key and something important in
closer. the school library. Intrigued, I decided to hand
the diary over to the principal the next day.
6. Write a composition (300–350 words) on any one
When I approached Mr. Roy, our school
of the following:
principal, he seemed taken aback. He explained
(a) Write an original short story in which a lost
that Rohan had been a student at the school
diary, a school principal, and a mysterious
decades ago but had tragically passed away in
letter form the main elements.
an accident. The diary and the letter suggested
(b) Your school organized a group visit to an
that Rohan had left behind something significant.
old-age home. Write an account of your visit,
With Mr. Roy’s approval, we embarked on a
focusing on how it impacted you and what
mission to uncover the mystery.
you learned from the experience.
The library became our focus. We combed
(c) “Social media connects but also divides.”
through dusty bookshelves, opened forgotten
Express your views either for or against this
drawers, and examined every corner. After hours
statement.
of searching, we found a small compartment
(d) Describe a park or garden near your house.
hidden behind a shelf. Inside, we discovered a
Give details of the sights and sounds you
wooden box containing a key, along with more

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 43

notes and sketches. These documents turned out get caught up in our busy lives and forget to
to be a detailed account of the school’s history, show compassion. I left the old-age home with a
chronicling its founding and milestones. sense of fulfillment and a promise to return. The
Mr. Roy decided to preserve Rohan’s work in experience not only brightened their day but also
the school archives. The diary became a symbol of enriched my perspective on life.
Rohan’s creativity and dedication, reminding us (c) Social Media Connects but Also Divides
of the value of recording memories and preserving
the past. For the Motion :
This experience was unforgettable. It taught Social media has revolutionized the way we
me how even a simple object, like a lost diary, can communicate, bridging distances and connecting
carry untold stories and unlock mysteries. It also people across the globe. However, I firmly believe
made me appreciate the importance of curiosity that it divides as much as it unites.
and the beauty of uncovering hidden histories. Firstly, while social media enables instant
The diary’s discovery was not just a personal communication, it often replaces genuine, face-
adventure; it became a meaningful contribution to-face interactions. People spend hours scrolling
to our school’s legacy. through their feeds and chatting online but rarely
make time for real conversations. This creates a
(b) A Visit to an Old-Age Home
superficial sense of connection, where relationships
Last month, our school organized a visit to a
lack depth and sincerity.
nearby old-age home, and it turned out to be one
Secondly, social media amplifies differences.
of the most touching experiences of my life. As
Political debates, cultural disagreements, and
we entered, we were greeted with warm smiles
personal opinions often escalate into heated
from the elderly residents, who seemed genuinely
arguments online. Instead of promoting
happy to see us. The home was modest yet well-
understanding, social media becomes a
maintained, with neatly arranged rooms and a
battleground for conflicts. For instance, people
vibrant garden full of blooming flowers.
tend to form echo chambers by following those who
share similar views, further isolating themselves
We were divided into small groups and
from differing perspectives.
encouraged to interact with the residents. I
Moreover, the curated nature of social media
was paired with an elderly gentleman named
fosters unrealistic comparisons. Users often share
Mr. Kapoor, a retired school teacher. As we
only the best aspects of their lives, creating an
sat together, he shared stories from his youth,
illusion of perfection. This leads to feelings of
especially about his teaching days. He spoke with
inadequacy and jealousy among others, straining
such enthusiasm that I could almost picture the
relationships rather than strengthening them.
classrooms and students he described. Despite his
Lastly, the addictive nature of social media
cheerful demeanor, I could sense an underlying
takes a toll on mental health and real-world
loneliness in his voice, which made me realize how
interactions. Many people prioritize their online
much our presence meant to him.
presence over spending quality time with loved
Later, we performed a small cultural program,
ones, further widening the divide.
including songs, dances, and skits. The residents
In conclusion, while social media has
clapped and laughed, their joy lighting up the
undeniable benefits, its negative effects
room. One elderly woman even joined in by
cannot be overlooked. It creates an illusion of
singing along to an old Hindi song, which brought
connection while fostering division, isolation, and
a smile to everyone’s faces.
misunderstanding. To truly connect, we must
Before leaving, I spoke with Mrs. D’Souza,
prioritize meaningful, real-life interactions over
another resident, who expressed how rare and
virtual ones.
special it was to have young people visit them.
Her words, “You brought life to this place today,” (d) A Peaceful Morning in the Park
deeply moved me. I realized how often the elderly The park near my house is my favorite place to
are forgotten and how small acts of kindness can escape the chaos of daily life. Every morning, I
mean the world to them. visit this tranquil spot, and it never fails to refresh
The visit taught me valuable lessons about my mind and spirit.
empathy and the importance of making time As I step inside, the fresh scent of blooming
for others. It made me reflect on how we often flowers greets me, mingling with the earthy aroma

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Ch 1 : Composition

of dew-soaked grass. The morning sun filters The camp was packed with activities-treasure
through the tall trees, casting dappled patterns hunts, nature walks, and storytelling sessions
on the ground. Birds chirp melodiously, their around a campfire. Each day brought new
songs creating a soothing symphony that drowns challenges and adventures, but the camaraderie
out the noise of the bustling city beyond. we shared made everything enjoyable. One of
The park is always alive with activity. Joggers my favorite memories was sitting by the fire at
pace along the winding paths, their rhythmic night, roasting marshmallows and singing songs,
footsteps blending harmoniously with the natural surrounded by the warmth of friendship.
sounds around them. Children run across the open The joy captured in the picture reflects
fields, their laughter echoing as they play games. exactly how I felt during the camp-carefree,
In one corner, an elderly couple sits on a bench, connected, and full of life. It reminds me of the
chatting quietly as they enjoy the calmness of the importance of stepping away from routine and
morning. embracing moments of fun and togetherness. The
The park is a visual delight. Vibrant flowers friendships I made at that camp remain close to
like roses, marigolds, and hibiscus bloom in my heart, and the experience taught me the value
clusters, adding splashes of color to the lush of teamwork and trust.
greenery. A small pond lies at the heart of the Looking at the picture, I am reminded of how
park, its surface shimmering under the sunlight. such simple, joyful moments can create lasting
Ducks glide gracefully across the water, and an memories. It inspires me to seek out opportunities
occasional ripple breaks the pond’s stillness. for connection and to cherish the bonds I share
What I love most about the park is its ability with those around me.
to bring people together. Despite our different
routines, everyone shares a moment of peace
here. The sense of community is heartwarming, as www.nodia.i
strangers exchange smiles and greetings, brought
together by the simple joy of nature.
As I sit on a wooden bench and take in the
sights and sounds, I feel a sense of gratitude for
this little haven. The park is not just a place for
physical exercise; it’s a sanctuary for the mind
and soul. Each visit leaves me feeling calmer,
more focused, and inspired to face the day ahead.
(e) The Picture of Joy
The picture captures the essence of happiness
and friendship-a group of children laughing and
playing together. It reminds me of a summer
camp I attended last year, which became one of
the most memorable experiences of my childhood.
The camp was held in a picturesque field
surrounded by hills and trees. On the first day,
our instructor organized an icebreaker activity
to help us bond. We played a game similar to
what the children in the picture are doing-a trust-
building exercise where we formed teams and had
to complete a relay race.
I remember the laughter and joy that filled
the air as we stumbled, ran, and cheered each
other on. At first, we were strangers, hesitant and
unsure. But as the game progressed, the barriers
between us dissolved, and we began to work as a
team. By the end of the day, we were no longer
just participants; we were friends.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 45

CHAPTER
2
Letter Writing

INTRODUCTIO Forma l letters

Letter writing is an essential component of the Formal letters are written for official or
ICSE Class 10 English Language examination. In professional purposes, such as addressing
question 2, students choose between two topics : authorities, organizations, or businesses. They
one formal and one informal letter. Choosing the follow a specific structure, including the sender’s
correct format, tone, and language is critical for and receiver’s addresses, date, subject, salutation,
scoring well. Key aspects evaluated include proper body, complimentary close, and signature. The
format with correct placement of addresses, tone is polite, concise, and objective, focusing
date, salutation, and signature. Content must directly on the subject without unnecessary
have a clear introduction, a strong conclusion, details. Formal letters are used to request
and address all points. Expression is judged on information, lodge complaints, apply for jobs, or
appropriate vocabulary, clarity, and effective communicate official matters, requiring accuracy
sentence structure. A well-written letter reflects a and professionalism throughout.
student’s understanding, ability to organize ideas, POINTS TO REMEMBER
and proficiency in English.
1. Address and Date
• The address refers to the writer’s address,
which should be written at the top margin
T ypes of Letters of the page.
• The address must be written in 3 lines only.
Letter writing involves two main types : formal • You may use an imaginary address; it is not
letters and informal letters. Each type serves necessary to use your real one.
a distinct purpose and requires a specific tone, • Ensure all three lines of the address are in
style, and format. perfect alignment.
1. Formal Letters : These are written for official • Line 1 : Includes the house number/street/
or professional communication, such as road name, followed by a comma.
writing to an organization, editor, principal, Example : 12, Park Avenue,
or government authority. The tone is polite, • Line 2 : Includes the area name, followed by
concise, and objective, focusing on the subject a comma.
matter directly. Example : Connaught Place,
2. Informal Letters : These are personal letters • Line 3 : Includes the city name, followed by a
addressed to friends, family, or acquaintances. hyphen, the pin code, and a full stop.
They follow a conversational tone and allow Example : Delhi - 110001.
for warmth and emotional expression while Example Address:
maintaining clarity and coherence. 12, Park Avenue,
Understanding the structure and tone of these Connaught Place,
letter types is essential for effectively addressing Delhi - 110001.
the purpose of the communication. 2. Important Points:
• Avoid using abbreviations in the address or
letter.
Example:

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Ch 2 : Letter Writing

P. Ave # $ Park Avenue { personal communication.

Del # $ Delhi { • Language should be formal, crisp, and precise.
3. Date: Avoid unnecessary descriptions or irrelevant
points.
• Write the date in this format : 15th January,
• Use a good vocabulary and maintain
2025.
politeness in all situations.
(Date, followed by the month, followed by a
• For complaint letters, the tone may be firm
comma, followed by the year, and ending with
but never rude.
a full stop.)
• In semi-formal letters, the appeal can be
Example Date
personal in tone but formal in expression.
15th January, 2025.
8. Conclusion (Paragraph 3):
4. Address of the Addressee
• The conclusion should connect directly to the
• Mentioning the addressee’s address is
introduction but must not repeat points.
mandatory and specific to formal letters. This
• Write no more than two sentences for the
address should be written immediately after
conclusion. If the content is long, a single
the date, maintaining the same alignment.
well-written sentence may suffice.
• The address is formatted as follows:
Line 1 : Designation of the recipient. 9. Signing Off:
Line 2 : Name of the organization/institution. • End the letter with Yours faithfully, followed
Line 3 : Building/street number and street/ by a comma (Y should be capitalized, and f
road name (no abbreviations). in faithfully in lowercase).
Line 4 : Area/locality. • Write your full name (with surname) on the
Line 5 : City name and full pin code. next line.
• The punctuation in the addressee’s address • Do not use any punctuation after your
should match the standard format used in signature.
informal letters.
Example EXAMPLES :
The Principal, 1. Write a letter to the Police Commissioner of your
ABC High School, city drawing his/her attention to the menace
15A, Church Road, of hawkers outside your school. Highlight the
Connaught Place, dangers they pose and offer solutions for their
Delhi - 110001. rehabilitation.
5. Greeting
Ans
• All formal positions should begin with Dear
Sir or Dear Madam. Flat 12, Block A,
• Always place a comma after the greeting. Rosewood Apartments,
Examples MG Road,
Dear Sir, Bangalore - 560001.
Dear Madam, 15th January, 2025.
Dear Mr. Kapoor, The Police Commissioner,
Dear Mrs. Sharma, Police Commissioner’s Office,
14, Residency Road,
6. Introduction (Paragraph 1):
Bangalore - 560025.
• Limit the introduction to two sentences : one Dear Sir,
long and one short. I am writing to draw your attention to the
• Start the letter directly with the topic, issue of hawkers outside St. Mary’s School in
introduce yourself (if required), and state Indiranagar. I am the Secretary of the Clean
the subject of the letter in the very first Bangalore Club at St. Mary’s School.
paragraph. The hawkers sell open food and low-quality
7. Body of the Letter (Paragraph 2): toys, which attract many students. This has
• Write 6–7 sentences elaborating on the given led to the lane in front of our school becoming
topic. congested, dirty, and unhygienic. The presence of
• Maintain a formal tone throughout, avoiding these hawkers not only disrupts the smooth flow

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 47

of traffic but also poses health risks to students Ans

who buy food from them. 10, Lake View Apartments,
I request you to look into this matter and Rajaji Nagar,
consider relocating the hawkers to a designated Hyderabad - 500029.
area nearby. This would ensure they do not lose 15th January, 2025.
their livelihood while keeping the school premises The Manager,
clean and orderly. Additionally, it is essential to Electricity Board Office,
educate them about maintaining hygiene and Rajaji Nagar,
selling clean food to prevent any health hazards. Hyderabad - 500029.
I trust you will take my suggestions into Dear Sir,
account and implement the necessary measures to I am writing to bring to your notice the
resolve this issue effectively. frequent power outages in our locality, Rajaji
Thanking you, Nagar. These outages have become a regular
Yours faithfully, occurrence, disrupting the daily lives of residents
Arjun Sharma and causing inconvenience, especially during
working hours. Students are also unable to study
2. Write a letter to the Municipal Corporation of effectively due to the irregular power supply.
your city requesting them to repair the damaged I request you to investigate the matter
roads in your locality, highlighting the difficulties and take immediate measures to ensure an
faced by the residents and suggesting timely uninterrupted power supply. A quick resolution
solutions. to this problem would greatly benefit all residents
Ans in the area.
Thanking you,
Flat 25, Sunrise Apartments,
Yours faithfully,
Park Street,
Ananya Verma
Kolkata - 700016.
15th January, 2025. 4. Write a letter to the Head Postmaster of your city
The Municipal Commissioner, complaining about the delay in postal deliveries
Municipal Corporation Office, and its impact on important correspondence.
Park Circus,
Kolkata - 700017. Ans
Dear Sir, 32, Hilltop Apartments,
I am writing to bring to your attention the Shivaji Road,
poor condition of roads in our locality, Park Pune - 411003.
Street. The roads have been severely damaged due 15th January, 2025.
to recent rains, making it difficult for residents The Head Postmaster,
to commute safely. Large potholes have caused Central Post Office,
several accidents, especially during the night Shivaji Nagar,
when visibility is low. Pune - 411004.
I request you to take immediate action to Dear Sir,
repair the roads and ensure proper drainage to I am writing to express my concern about the
prevent further damage. Timely repairs would consistent delays in postal deliveries in our area,
improve safety for pedestrians and vehicles while Shivaji Road. Important letters and parcels often
reducing the risk of accidents. arrive several days late, causing inconvenience
I trust you will take prompt steps to resolve and disruptions in personal and official matters.
this pressing issue. I kindly request you to look into the issue and
Thanking you, take corrective measures to ensure timely postal
Yours faithfully, services. A reliable and prompt postal system is
Rohit Sen essential for smooth communication, and we hope
this matter will be resolved soon.
3. Write a letter to the Manager of your local Thanking you,
electricity board office complaining about frequent Yours faithfully,
power outages in your area and requesting Nisha Kapoor
immediate action to resolve the issue.

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Ch 2 : Letter Writing

5. Write a letter to the Principal of your school the key points to consider:
requesting permission to organize a cleanliness 1. Address and Date:
drive in the school premises and explaining its
• The writer’s address should be written in 3
significance.
lines, aligned perfectly.
Ans • Line 1 : House number/street/road, followed
Room No. 5, Boys Hostel, by a comma.
ABC School, Example : 56B, Park Street,
Delhi - 110054. • Line 2 : Area name, followed by a comma.
15th January, 2025. Example : Tollygunge,
The Principal, • Line 3 : City name, followed by a hyphen, pin
ABC School, code, and a full stop.
Delhi - 110054. Example : Mumbai - 400098.
Dear Sir, • Leave a line after the address for neatness.
I am writing to seek your permission to • Write the date below the address in this
organize a cleanliness drive in our school premises format : 10th January, 2025.
as part of the Swachh Bharat Mission. The • No Short Forms : Avoid using abbreviations
drive would involve cleaning the playground, like P. St. (write Park Street instead).
classrooms, and common areas while spreading • Alignment : Ensure all three lines of the
awareness about maintaining hygiene among address are in alignment.
students. • Imaginary Address : You can use a fictional
Such an initiative would not only enhance the address, but it must adhere to the format.
cleanliness of our school but also instill a sense 2. Greeting
of responsibility and environmental awareness • For seniors like grandparents, parents, uncles,
among students. I assure you that all necessary and aunts:
arrangements will be made, and the event will be Example:
conducted smoothly. Dear Grandfather (not Grandpa)
I kindly request your approval for this Dear Grandmother (not Granny or Grandma)
initiative. Dear Father (not Daddy, Papa, Dad)
Thanking you, Dear Mother (not Mummy, Mumma, Mom)
Yours faithfully, Dear Uncle Ramesh
Rahul Mehta Dear Aunt Meera
For siblings, cousins, and friends:
Example:
Dear followed by the first name of the person:
in formal letters Dear Priya,
Dear Karan,
Informal letters are personal letters written Dear Anjali,
to family members, friends, or acquaintances After the greeting, always place a comma.
to convey feelings, share news, or maintain Example:
relationships. Unlike formal letters, they have Dear Priya,
a conversational tone and allow the writer to Dear Karan,
express emotions freely. The format includes the Dear Anjali,
sender’s address, date, greeting, body, conclusion, 3. Introduction (Paragraph 1):
and a friendly sign-off. While the tone is casual,
• Limit the introduction to two sentences, one
maintaining clarity, proper structure, and neatness
long and one short.
is essential to ensure the message is effectively
• Avoid beginning your letter with phrases
communicated.
such as:
POINTS TO REMEMBER How are you?
When writing informal letters, it is essential to I am fine.
follow a proper format and maintain neatness. Hope this letter finds you in good health and
These letters are personal and are typically spirit.
written to family members or friends. Below are Hope you are fine.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 49

• Begin your letter by directly addressing the that moment. Though the picture has slightly
topic and introducing the subject in the first faded, it feels as if it was just yesterday. I remember
paragraph itself. laughing at you crying over spilled juice during
4. Body of the Letter (Paragraph 2): the event-it’s still so vivid in my memory!
The times we spent together were filled with
• Write 6–7 sentences for the body.
joy, laughter, and adventures in our little world of
• Elaborate on the given topic in this section.
imagination. Although our lives eventually took
5. Conclusion (Paragraph 3): separate paths, those memories remain close to
• Avoid concluding your letter with phrases my heart. Time truly flies, but the moments we
such as: shared will always be special.
Give my love to the young ones. I hope we can meet again soon to relive
Reply soon. those cherished days. Until then, I eagerly await
Hope we meet soon. your reply so we can revisit some of our bygone
Stay safe and take care. moments together.
• Ensure the conclusion is directly connected to Your loving friend,
the introduction. Amit
• Limit the conclusion to no more than two
2. Imagine you are in a boarding school and have
sentences.
performed poorly in your terminal examination.
6. Signing Off: Write a letter to your mother, explaining the
• For grandparents, parents, uncles, and aunts, reasons for your poor performance and how you
use Yours affectionately, ensuring: plan to improve in the upcoming examinations.
The “Y” in “Yours” is capitalized, while the Ans
“a” in “affectionately” is lowercase. Green Valley Boarding School
There is no apostrophe in Yours. Shimla – 171001
Add a comma after affectionately. 15th January, 2025
Write your first name on the next line. My dear Mother,
Do not include your surname. I know you must be very disappointed with
Avoid nicknames or pet names. my half-yearly report that you received last week.
Do not add any punctuation after your name. I deeply regret my poor performance and feel very
upset for letting you down. I do not want to make
EXAMPLES :
excuses, but this term has been quite challenging
1. You recently discovered an old photograph of for me. I have been frequently unwell and in and
yourself and your childhood friend. Write a letter out of the infirmary. I suffered a severe bout of
to your friend describing the photograph, how you malaria, which kept me from attending classes for
found it, and its significance. Mention where or almost a week. Just when I started recovering, I
when it was taken and if it brought back memories developed a rash due to the medication, which
of your childhood together. forced me back into the infirmary. As a result,
I missed many classes and struggled to perform
Ans well, especially in three subjects.
45, Rosewood Apartments, Now that I have recovered, I am determined
MG Road, to improve. I have already spoken to my teachers
Bangalore - 560001. and requested additional assignments to catch up
5th January, 2025. on missed lessons. I am also joining a study group
Dear Rohan, with other students to enhance my preparation.
Yesterday, while flipping through my old I am confident that these efforts will help me
photo albums, I came across a photograph of us. bridge the gap in my studies. I promise to do
It brought back a flood of childhood memories, my best and achieve much better marks in the
making me nostalgic about our days in the fifth upcoming tests.
standard. Please do not worry about my health as I am
At first, I couldn’t remember when the photo feeling much better now. I look forward to seeing
was taken, but luckily, the date was noted on you during the mid-term break.
the back. It was from our school’s 56th Annual Yours lovingly,
Function, and I recalled your mother capturing Rohan

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Ch 2 : Letter Writing

especially for working individuals and families MG Road,

with children. Delhi - 110001.
The shortage is making daily tasks such 15th January, 2025.
as cooking, cleaning, and bathing extremely The Principal,
challenging. Additionally, the lack of water during ABC High School,
peak hours has forced many residents to rely on Delhi - 110001.
private tankers, adding to their expenses. Dear Sir/Madam,
I kindly request you to address this issue I am writing to request your permission to
promptly by ensuring a regular water supply. organize a book donation drive in our school to
A proper schedule and maintenance of pipelines support underprivileged children. This initiative
would be greatly appreciated. Immediate action would involve collecting unused books from
on your part will improve the living conditions of students and donating them to a local NGO that
all residents. works with children in need.
Thank you for your attention. The drive would not only help provide
Yours faithfully, educational resources to those who lack them but
Meera Sharma also promote the value of sharing among students.
Our team plans to set up collection boxes around
3. (a) Your friend recently moved to a new city and the school and manage the logistics to ensure the
wrote to you about their new life. Write a process runs smoothly.
reply expressing your happiness for them and I kindly seek your approval to carry out this
asking about their experiences so far. initiative and your guidance on how to proceed.
(b) Write a letter to the Principal of your school This small effort could make a significant
requesting permission to organize a book difference in the lives of many children.
donation drive for underprivileged children. Thank you for considering this request.
Explain its importance and your plan for Yours sincerely,
execution. Ananya Gupta
Ans
4. (a) Your childhood friend has just received a
(a) scholarship to study abroad. Write a letter
Flat 12, Sunrise Apartments, congratulating them and asking about their
Church Road, future plans.
Chennai - 600008. (b) Write a letter to the Editor of a local newspaper
15th January, 2025. highlighting the increasing pollution in your
Dear Priya, city and suggesting measures to combat it.
I was so happy to receive your letter about
moving to Mumbai! It’s wonderful to hear that Ans
you’ve settled into your new life. Mumbai sounds (a)
like an exciting city full of opportunities and Flat 18, Green Valley Apartments,
adventures! MG Road,
How is your new school? Have you made Bangalore - 560001.
any friends yet? I’m sure it’s a big change, but 15th January, 2025.
knowing you, I’m confident you’ll adjust well. I Dear Aditi,
hope you’re exploring the city and trying out all I was overjoyed to hear the news about your
the local food. Do write back and tell me more scholarship to study in the UK! Congratulations on
about your favorite places so far. such a fantastic achievement-you’ve truly earned
Things are the same here, but I miss our it through your hard work and determination.
regular chats and fun outings. I hope we can meet This is such an exciting opportunity, and I’m
soon during your next vacation. Until then, take sure you’ll make the most of it. Do tell me about
care and enjoy your new journey! the course you’ll be pursuing and how you’re
Your loving friend, preparing for this new adventure. I can imagine
Rohan how thrilling it must be to start this new chapter
in your life.
(b) Although I’ll miss you dearly, I know this
Flat 10, Rosewood Apartments, is the beginning of a wonderful journey for you.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 51

Ans Thank you for your attention to this matter.

(a) Yours faithfully,
Flat 15, Sunrise Apartments, Nisha Kapoor
Park Street,
2. (a) Your best friend couldn’t attend your school’s
Kolkata - 700016.
15th January, 2025. annual day function but sent you a card
Dear Priya, wishing you success. Write a letter thanking
Thank you so much for the beautiful painting them and sharing the highlights of the event.
you sent for my wedding! It added a personal and (b) The water supply in your locality has been
artistic touch to our home, and I couldn’t be more irregular, causing inconvenience to residents.
grateful for your thoughtful gift. Write a letter to the Municipal Commissioner
The wedding was everything I dreamed requesting prompt action to resolve the issue.
of, though your absence was deeply felt. The Ans
ceremony was elegant, and the reception was
(a)
lively, filled with music, laughter, and delicious
Room No. 14, Boys Hostel,
food. We even had a surprise performance by my
Green Valley School,
friends that left everyone in splits! The highlight
Shimla – 171001.
was our traditional rituals, which were cherished
15th January, 2025.
by all.
Dear Rohan,
I truly missed your presence and hope we
Thank you so much for the lovely card
can catch up soon. Until then, I’ll be sending you
and your kind wishes for our annual day! Your
photos from the event to share a glimpse of the
thoughtful gesture meant a lot to me, though
moments you missed.
your absence was felt deeply.
Take care, and let’s plan to meet soon!
The event was a huge success! Our cultural
Your loving cousin,
program included music, dance, and drama
Ananya
performances, and my class’s play received great
applause. I even got to deliver a speech, and it was
(b)
well-received by the audience. The highlight of
Flat 12, Rosewood Apartments,
the evening was the prize distribution ceremony,
Rajaji Nagar,
where I won the “Best Performer” award.
Hyderabad - 500029.
I wish you had been there to witness the fun
15th January, 2025.
and celebrations. Let’s catch up soon, and I’ll
The Municipal Commissioner,
share all the photos and stories from the event.
Municipal Corporation Office,
Write back when you can-I’m looking forward to
Rajaji Nagar,
hearing from you!
Hyderabad - 500029.
Take care.
Dear Sir,
Your loving friend,
I am writing to bring to your attention the
Aryan
deteriorating condition of the public park in our
locality, Rajaji Nagar. The park, which was once
(b)
a hub for children and senior citizens, is now
Flat 18, Sunrise Apartments,
neglected. Broken benches, overgrown grass, and
Park Lane,
litter make it unusable for recreational activities.
Pune - 411001.
This situation has deprived residents of a
15th January, 2025.
green space for leisure and exercise. The lack of
The Municipal Commissioner,
maintenance has also led to a rise in mosquitoes,
Municipal Corporation Office,
creating health concerns.
Pune - 411002.
I kindly request you to restore the park by
Dear Sir,
cleaning the premises, repairing the equipment,
I am writing to inform you about the irregular
and planting more greenery. Installing waste bins
water supply in our locality, Park Lane. The issue
and proper lighting would further enhance its
has persisted for weeks, with residents receiving
usability. These steps will benefit the community
water for only a few hours in the morning and late
and encourage people to adopt a healthier lifestyle.
evening. This has caused immense inconvenience,

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Ch 2 : Letter Writing

3. You recently attended a family function that some pictures to share with you when I come
was memorable. Write a letter to your cousin home.
describing the event, the fun moments, and how This trip has taught me the importance of
much you missed them being there. preserving our heritage. I hope to visit more such
places and learn from them. Thank you for always
Ans
encouraging me to explore and learn beyond
12, Hilltop Apartments, books.
Rajaji Nagar, Looking forward to hearing from you.
Hyderabad - 500029. Your loving son,
15th January, 2025. Rahul
Dear Priya,
Last week, we had a grand family function 5. Write a letter to your best friend telling them
at our place, and it was absolutely wonderful! about a new hobby you recently picked up and
However, your absence was deeply felt. I missed how it has made a difference in your life.
you so much during all the festivities. Ans
The function was organized to celebrate
Grandma’s 75th birthday, and the entire family 56, Rosewood Apartments,
gathered for the occasion. We decorated the house MG Road,
beautifully with flowers and lights, and Grandma Bangalore - 560001.
was delighted. There were games, music, and lots 15th January, 2025.
of laughter. The highlight of the evening was Dear Aditi,
a surprise cake-cutting ceremony, followed by I hope you’re doing great! I wanted to tell
everyone sharing fond memories of Grandma. you about a new hobby I’ve picked up recently-
It would have been so much better with you painting. It has become a source of immense joy
around to share all these moments. I really missed and relaxation for me.
your cheerful presence and the fun we always have Initially, I was just experimenting with
together. Let’s plan to meet soon-I can’t wait to colors, but over time, I started learning different
tell you all the details in person! techniques and styles. Now, I can even create
Take care and write back soon. decent landscapes and portraits. Painting has
Your loving cousin, helped me express my thoughts and emotions in
Ananya ways I never imagined. It’s such a peaceful escape
from the stress of studies and everyday life.
4. You recently visited a historical monument on a I really think you should give it a try too-you
school trip. Write a letter to your father describing might discover a hidden talent! Let me know how
the visit, what you learned, and how it inspired you’re doing and what new things you’ve been
you. up to.
Take care and write back soon.
Ans Your loving friend,
Room No. 18, Boys Hostel, Nikhil
ABC School,
Delhi - 110054.
15th January, 2025.
Dear Father, E XERCISE (SOLVED)
I hope this letter finds you well. Last week,
our school organized a trip to the Qutub Minar,
1. (a) Your cousin was unable to attend your
and it was an unforgettable experience. I wanted
wedding but sent a thoughtful gift. Write a
to share all the exciting details with you.
letter thanking them for the gift and telling
The monument is truly magnificent, and
them about the wedding highlights.
I was amazed by its intricate architecture. Our
(b) The public park in your locality is in poor
guide told us fascinating stories about its history
condition. Write a letter to the Municipal
and the people who built it. Learning about
Commissioner requesting its restoration and
the perseverance and skill that went into its
suggesting ways to improve it.
construction left me deeply inspired. I also took

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 53

Write back soon and share all the details-I can’t you’ve recently joined a new school, and it’s been
wait to hear more. Wishing you the very best! challenging for you to adjust. I understand how
Take care and stay in touch! difficult it can be, but trust me, things will get
Your loving friend, better with time.
Ananya To settle in, try talking to your classmates
and getting to know them better. Join group
(b) activities or clubs where you can find people with
Flat 22, Hill View Apartments, similar interests. Remember, everyone is new at
Rajaji Nagar, some point, and most students will appreciate
Hyderabad - 500029. a friendly conversation. Be yourself, and don’t
15th January, 2025. hesitate to ask your teachers or seniors for help
The Editor, when needed.
The Hyderabad Chronicle, Your new school sounds wonderful, and I’m
Rajaji Nagar, sure you’ll enjoy the experience once you get
Hyderabad - 500029. comfortable. Keep me updated on how things are
Dear Sir/Madam, going. Remember, I’m always here for you if you
I am writing to express my concern over the need advice or just want to talk.
increasing pollution levels in our city. The rise Take care and write back soon!
in vehicular emissions, industrial smoke, and Your loving cousin,
improper waste management has significantly Ananya
deteriorated air quality, posing serious health
risks to residents. (b)
Public awareness campaigns, stricter Flat 18, Green Valley Apartments,
regulations on industries, and promoting MG Road,
eco-friendly transportation such as cycling Bangalore - 560001.
and carpooling can help address this issue. 15th January, 2025.
Additionally, planting more trees and ensuring The Manager,
efficient waste disposal systems are essential steps City Bus Service,
to combat pollution. MG Road,
I hope you will highlight this pressing concern Bangalore - 560001.
in your esteemed newspaper to draw attention Dear Sir,
and encourage citizens and authorities to take I am writing to express my concern over the
necessary actions. poor condition and irregular schedule of buses in
Thank you for your time and consideration. our locality. Many buses are overcrowded, with
Yours sincerely, broken seats and malfunctioning doors, making it
Rohit Sharma unsafe and uncomfortable for passengers.
The irregular timings of buses have caused
5. (a) Your cousin has recently moved to a new significant inconvenience to commuters, especially
school and is finding it hard to adjust. Write working professionals and students. People often
a letter encouraging them and giving advice have to wait for extended periods, leading to
on how to make new friends and adapt to the delays in reaching their destinations.
new environment. I kindly request you to address this issue
(b) Write a letter to the Manager of a local bus by ensuring regular maintenance of buses and
service complaining about the poor condition implementing a fixed schedule. Introducing
and irregular schedule of buses in your area. more buses during peak hours would also reduce
Ans overcrowding and improve the commuting
experience.
(a)
I hope you will take prompt action to resolve
Flat 14, Lake View Apartments,
this matter and enhance the reliability of the bus
Park Street,
service in our area.
Kolkata - 700016.
Thank you for your attention.
15th January, 2025.
Yours sincerely,
Dear Rahul,
Rohan Sharma
I hope this letter finds you well. I heard

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Ch 2 : Letter Writing

Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing to draw attention to the growing
problem of garbage disposal in Park Lane. Heaps
of uncollected garbage can be seen on the streets,
emitting foul odors and attracting pests. This
not only creates an unhygienic environment but
also poses serious health risks to the residents,
especially children and the elderly.
Despite repeated complaints to the municipal
authorities, the issue remains unresolved. The
lack of proper waste management facilities and
irregular collection of garbage have worsened the
situation.
I urge you to highlight this issue in your
newspaper to raise public awareness and push the
authorities to take swift action. Installing more
waste bins, educating residents about segregation,
and ensuring timely collection can significantly
improve the situation.
Thank you for bringing this critical matter to
light through your esteemed publication.
Yours sincerely,
Aryan Gupta

www.nodia.i

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 55

Dear Sir/Madam, Take care, and keep strumming!

I am writing to suggest the introduction of Your loving cousin,
career counseling sessions for senior students in Rohan
our school. As we approach critical academic
(b)
years, many of us face confusion about choosing
Room No. 16, Boys Hostel,
the right career path and understanding the
Greenfield High School,
options available to us.
Chandigarh - 160014.
A career counseling session conducted by
15th January, 2025.
professionals would provide valuable guidance
The Head of the Sports Department,
on various fields, colleges, and opportunities.
Greenfield High School,
It could also include aptitude tests to help
Chandigarh - 160014.
students identify their strengths and interests.
Dear Sir/Madam,
This initiative would greatly benefit students by
I am writing to request the organization of
enabling them to make informed decisions about
an inter-house sports competition in our school.
their future.
Such an event would not only promote physical
I kindly request you to consider my suggestion
fitness but also encourage teamwork, leadership,
and introduce this program as part of our
and sportsmanship among students.
curriculum. It would equip us with clarity and
The competition could include various sports
confidence for the journey ahead.
like football, basketball, cricket, and athletics,
Thank you for your time and support.
providing opportunities for students with different
Yours sincerely,
interests. It would also allow us to showcase our
Nisha Kapoor
talents and foster a healthy competitive spirit.
8. (a) Your cousin recently started learning a musical I believe this initiative will boost enthusiasm
instrument. Write a letter encouraging them for sports among students and make the school
to continue practicing and sharing how music environment more engaging and lively. I kindly
has positively impacted your life. request you to consider this suggestion and
(b) Write a letter to the Head of the Sports organize the event in the upcoming term.
Department of your school requesting Thank you for your time and consideration.
the organization of an inter-house sports Yours sincerely,
competition. Aryan Gupta
Ans 9. (a) Your friend has recently won an art
(a) competition. Write a letter congratulating
Flat 21, Rosewood Apartments, them and encouraging them to pursue their
MG Road, artistic talent further.
Bangalore - 560001. (b) Write a letter to the Manager of a bookstore
15th January, 2025. requesting them to arrange for a specific book
Dear Arya, that you are unable to find in your area.
I was so excited to hear that you’ve started Ans
learning the guitar! Music is such a beautiful
(a)
way to express yourself, and I’m sure you’ll enjoy
Flat 10, Sunrise Apartments,
every moment of this journey.
Park Lane,
When I started learning the piano, I faced
Pune - 411001.
challenges initially, but with consistent practice, I
15th January, 2025.
began to see progress. It’s such a rewarding feeling
Dear Riya,
to create music with your own hands. I encourage
I was thrilled to hear about your first-
you to keep practicing regularly-even when it feels
place win in the state-level art competition!
difficult-because every effort you put in will bring
Congratulations on this amazing achievement-you
you closer to mastering the instrument.
truly deserve it for the creativity and hard work
Music has been a source of joy and relaxation
you put into your art.
for me, and I’m sure it will bring the same to your
Winning such a prestigious competition is no
life. Do share your progress, and maybe we can
small feat, and I’m so proud of you! Your talent
jam together when we meet next!

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Ch 2 : Letter Writing

6. (a) Your elder sibling recently achieved a major exploration would be immensely beneficial. These
career milestone. Write a letter congratulating books will not only enhance our knowledge but
them and expressing your pride in their also ignite curiosity and creativity among students.
success. I kindly urge you to consider my request and
(b) Write a letter to the Librarian of your school acquire books that cover recent developments
requesting the addition of more books related in science and technology. I am confident this
to science and technology in the library. initiative will benefit a large number of students.
Thank you for your time and support.
Ans
Yours sincerely,
(a) Aryan Gupta
Flat 22, Sunrise Apartments,
MG Road, 7. (a) Your younger sibling recently won a sports
Mumbai - 400001. competition. Write a letter congratulating
15th January, 2025. them, expressing your pride, and encouraging
Dear Riya, them to continue excelling in sports.
Congratulations on your incredible (b) Write a letter to the Principal of your school
achievement of being promoted to Senior Manager! suggesting the introduction of a career
I am so proud of you and the hard work you’ve counseling session for senior students.
put in to reach this milestone. Your dedication Ans
and perseverance have truly paid off, and it’s
inspiring to see you excel in your career. (a)
This promotion is a testament to your talent Flat 24, Green Valley Apartments,
and commitment. I’m sure your team looks up to Park Lane,
you and will benefit greatly from your leadership. Pune - 411001.
We must celebrate your success properly when 15th January, 2025.
you come home next! Dear Aanya,
Please share all the exciting details of your Congratulations on winning the gold medal
new role-I’m curious to know about your new in the inter-school athletics competition! I am so
responsibilities. You are truly a role model for me, proud of you and your incredible achievement.
and I aspire to achieve similar heights in my own You’ve worked so hard to excel in your sport, and
journey. this victory is a well-deserved reward for your
Take care of yourself, and once again, dedication and effort.
congratulations! Write back soon. Your win has brought so much happiness
Your loving brother, and pride to our family. I’ve always admired your
Rohit determination and passion for athletics, and I’m
sure this is just the beginning of your success.
(b) Keep practicing and aiming higher-you have the
Room No. 12, Boys Hostel, potential to achieve even greater milestones.
St. Xavier’s School, Please share all the exciting details about the
Delhi - 110054. competition when we meet. I’m eager to hear how
15th January, 2025. you prepared and what the event was like. Keep
The Librarian, up the amazing work!
St. Xavier’s School, Take care, and keep shining bright.
Delhi - 110054. Your loving brother,
Dear Sir/Madam, Rohit
I am writing to request the addition of more
books related to science and technology in our (b)
school library. With advancements in these fields, Room No. 10, Boys Hostel,
it is important for students to have access to St. Mary’s School,
updated information and resources. Shimla - 171001.
Many of us are preparing for science projects 15th January, 2025.
and competitive exams, and having books on The Principal,
topics like robotics, artificial intelligence, and space St. Mary’s School,
Shimla - 171001.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 57

11. (a) Your friend recently moved to a new house customer support team, I have not received a
and invited you to visit. Write a letter satisfactory response.
congratulating them on their new home and I kindly request you to look into this matter
expressing your excitement to visit soon. urgently and ensure the parcel is delivered without
(b) Write a letter to the Manager of a courier further delay. Additionally, I hope measures will
service complaining about the delay in be taken to improve your services in the future.
delivering an important parcel and requesting Thank you for your prompt attention to this
immediate action. issue.
Yours sincerely,
Ans
Aryan Mehta
(a)
Flat 16, Greenfield Apartments, 12. (a) Your best friend has started a new hobby and
Park Lane, is excited about it. Write a letter encouraging
Chennai - 600008. them to continue and sharing how hobbies
15th January, 2025. can be beneficial.
Dear Aditi, (b) Write a letter to the Manager of a bank
Congratulations on your beautiful new home! requesting information about opening a
I was so thrilled to hear about your move and savings account and its requirements.
can’t wait to visit and see it for myself. A new Ans
house is such an exciting chapter, and I’m sure
you’ll create many wonderful memories there. (a)
How’s the neighborhood? I hope you’ve Flat 20, Sunrise Apartments,
already settled in comfortably. Do let me know Rajaji Nagar,
when would be a good time for me to visit-I’m Hyderabad - 500029.
eager to catch up and celebrate this milestone 15th January, 2025.
with you. I’ll make sure to bring something special Dear Rohan,
as a housewarming gift! I’m so excited to hear that you’ve started
Wishing you and your family all the happiness gardening as a new hobby! It’s such a relaxing
in your new home. Write back soon with the and fulfilling activity, and I’m sure you’ll enjoy
details. every moment of it.
Take care and see you soon! Gardening not only brings you closer to nature
Your loving friend, but also teaches patience and responsibility.
Rohit Watching your plants grow and bloom is incredibly
rewarding. I suggest starting with easy-to-grow
(b) plants like herbs or flowers. Don’t worry about
Flat 10, Rosewood Apartments, mistakes-they’re part of the learning process.
MG Road, Hobbies like this help reduce stress and
Mumbai - 400001. provide a great way to unwind after a busy day.
15th January, 2025. Keep experimenting and trying new things in
The Manager, your garden, and remember to send me pictures
SpeedX Courier Services, of your progress. I can’t wait to hear more about
MG Road, what you’ve planted.
Mumbai - 400001. Stay motivated and keep up the great work!
Dear Sir/Madam, Write back soon.
I am writing to express my concern regarding Your loving friend,
the delay in delivering an important parcel Ananya
(tracking number #XYZ123) that was dispatched
on 8th January, 2025, from Bangalore. The (b)
package was scheduled to be delivered within Flat 12, Rosewood Apartments,
three days, but it has not yet reached me. MG Road,
This delay has caused significant inconvenience Bangalore - 560001.
as the contents of the parcel are urgently needed 15th January, 2025.
for professional purposes. Despite contacting your The Manager,
HDFC Bank,

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Ch 2 : Letter Writing

has always been evident, and I hope this success Kolkata - 700016.
inspires you to keep exploring your artistic 15th January, 2025.
abilities. Remember, this is just the beginning- Dear Priya,
there’s so much more you can achieve with your I heard you’ve started college, and I can
dedication and passion. imagine how nervous you must be. Trust me,
Do share pictures of your winning artwork- everyone feels the same way at first, but soon
I’m eager to see your masterpiece! Keep painting you’ll settle in and love it.
and creating magic with your brush. Let’s catch Start by being friendly and open to
up soon and celebrate your success properly. conversations. Join clubs or groups that match
Take care and write back soon! your interests-they’re a great way to make new
Your loving friend, friends. Don’t hesitate to ask your seniors or
Aryan teachers for guidance; they’re usually very helpful.
College is an exciting phase of life where
(b) you’ll learn, grow, and create amazing memories.
Flat 12, Hilltop Apartments, Give yourself time to adjust, and you’ll see how
Church Road, enjoyable it becomes.
Delhi - 110003. Let me know how things are going. I’m here
15th January, 2025. if you need any advice or just someone to talk to.
The Manager, Take care!
Readers’ Paradise Bookstore, Your loving brother,
Connaught Place, Rohan
Delhi - 110001.
Dear Sir/Madam, (b)
I am writing to request your assistance in Flat 18, Rosewood Apartments,
arranging a copy of the book “A Brief History of MG Road,
Time” by Stephen Hawking. I have been searching Bangalore - 560001.
for this book across several bookstores in Delhi 15th January, 2025.
but have been unable to find it. The Chief Medical Officer,
This book is essential for a project I am City Health Department,
working on, and I would greatly appreciate it if Bangalore - 560001.
you could either procure it for me or guide me to Dear Sir/Madam,
a reliable source where it is available. If the book I am writing to bring to your attention the
is currently out of stock, I am willing to wait for lack of adequate healthcare facilities in our area,
its availability. MG Road. The nearest hospital is far from the
Please let me know the cost and estimated locality, making it difficult for residents, especially
delivery time. Your help in this matter would during emergencies. Additionally, the local health
mean a lot to me. Thank you in advance for your center is understaffed and lacks essential medical
efforts. equipment.
Yours sincerely, This situation poses a significant risk to the
Ananya Verma well-being of residents, particularly the elderly
and children. I kindly request you to consider
10. (a) Your younger sibling recently joined college setting up a fully equipped clinic or hospital in
and is feeling nervous about making new the vicinity. Hiring more medical professionals
friends. Write a letter encouraging them and and ensuring the availability of medicines would
sharing tips on how to settle into college life. greatly improve the healthcare services in the
(b) Write a letter to the Chief Medical Officer area.
of your city, highlighting the lack of proper Your prompt action will be greatly appreciated
healthcare facilities in your area and by the community. Thank you for addressing this
suggesting improvements. important issue.
Ans Yours sincerely,
Ananya Sharma
(a)
Flat 24, Lake View Apartments,
Park Street,

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 59

15th January, 2025. Thank you for your attention to this

Dear Riya, important matter.
Congratulations on starting your first job! Yours sincerely,
I understand you’re feeling a little nervous, but Rohit Sharma
remember, this is an exciting new chapter in your
life, and you’ve worked hard to get here. 15. (a) Your best friend recently participated in a
Every beginning comes with challenges, but national-level competition but couldn’t win.
I know you have the skills and determination Write a letter encouraging them, appreciating
to handle them. Start by organizing your tasks their effort, and motivating them to keep
and prioritizing them-this will make your work trying.
more manageable. Always ask for guidance when (b) Write a letter to the Editor of a local
needed; your seniors and colleagues will appreciate newspaper highlighting the rising problem
your willingness to learn. of garbage disposal in your locality and
It’s equally important to maintain a good suggesting possible solutions.
work-life balance. Make time for yourself, whether Ans
it’s pursuing a hobby or spending time with
(a)
family and friends. Remember, staying relaxed
Flat 22, Green Valley Apartments,
and healthy will improve your productivity.
I’m confident you’ll succeed in this new MG Road,
journey. Keep me updated on how things are Bangalore - 560001.
going-I’d love to hear all about your experiences. 15th January, 2025.
Take care and all the best! Dear Aditi,
Your loving cousin, I heard about your participation in the
Aryan national-level debate competition, and I want
to say how proud I am of you. Winning isn’t
(b) everything; your effort and courage to compete on
Flat 12, Rosewood Apartments, such a big platform is an incredible achievement
MG Road, in itself.
Bangalore - 560001. Every competition is a learning experience,
15th January, 2025. and you’ve gained valuable insights that will help
The Head, you improve for the future. Remember, even the
Public Works Department, best have faced failures before achieving success.
MG Road, What matters is your passion and determination
Bangalore - 560001. to keep moving forward.
Dear Sir/Madam, Take this experience as a stepping stone and
I am writing to request urgent repairs to the continue honing your skills. I’m confident that
damaged roads in our locality, MG Road. The next time, you’ll shine even brighter. Let’s meet
roads have been in poor condition for months, with soon to celebrate your effort-you truly deserve it!
large potholes and cracks that make it unsafe for
Keep your spirits high and never stop
vehicles and pedestrians. During the rainy season,
believing in yourself. I’m always here to support
the situation becomes worse as water accumulates
you. Write back soon to share your thoughts.
in the potholes, leading to accidents and traffic
Your loving friend,
jams.
These roads are used by hundreds of Riya
commuters daily, including school children and
elderly residents. The damaged roads not only (b)
cause inconvenience but also increase wear and Flat 18, Rosewood Apartments,
tear on vehicles, leading to additional expenses Park Lane,
for the residents. Delhi - 110001.
I kindly request you to prioritize the repair 15th January, 2025.
work and ensure the roads are restored to a safe The Editor,
condition. Timely action will greatly improve the The Delhi Times,
quality of life for everyone in our area. Delhi - 110001.

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Ch 2 : Letter Writing

MG Road Branch, on the positives and take one day at a time. I

Bangalore - 560001. know you’ll adjust soon and love your new life.
Dear Sir/Madam, Write back and let me know how you’re doing-I’m
I am writing to inquire about the process and always here for you.
requirements for opening a savings account at Take care and stay strong!
your esteemed bank. I am particularly interested Your loving friend,
in understanding the eligibility criteria, required Amit
documents, and the various features and benefits
associated with your savings account services. (b)
Additionally, I would like to know about the Flat 14, Greenfield Apartments,
minimum balance requirement, interest rates, Rajaji Nagar,
and any charges applicable for maintaining the Hyderabad - 500029.
account. If there are any special schemes or 15th January, 2025.
facilities available for students, kindly include The Head,
those details as well. Town Planning Department,
I would appreciate it if you could provide me Rajaji Nagar,
with a brochure or guide outlining the necessary Hyderabad - 500029.
steps. You may contact me via email or phone for Dear Sir/Madam,
further clarification. I am writing to request the construction of a
Thank you for your assistance. I look forward playground in our locality. Rajaji Nagar lacks a
to your response. proper recreational area, which is greatly needed
Yours sincerely, for children to play, seniors to walk, and residents
Rohit Verma to relax.
The absence of such a facility is forcing
13. (a) Your friend recently moved to a new city and children to play on the streets, which is unsafe.
is feeling homesick. Write a letter cheering A well-designed playground with swings, slides,
them up and giving advice on adjusting to and open spaces would not only provide a safe
their new surroundings. environment for children but also promote
(b) Write a letter to the Head of the Town Planning community bonding and physical fitness among
Department requesting the construction of a residents.
playground in your locality and explaining its I urge you to kindly consider this proposal and
benefits. allocate a suitable area for the playground. This
Ans initiative would enhance the quality of life for all
residents and create a healthier environment.
(a)
Thank you for your attention to this matter.
Flat 18, Lake View Apartments,
Yours sincerely,
Park Street,
Rohit Sharma
Pune - 411001.
15th January, 2025. 14. (a) Your cousin recently started their first
Dear Priya, job and is feeling nervous about the new
I hope this letter finds you well. I heard responsibilities. Write a letter encouraging
you’ve recently moved to Mumbai and are feeling them, sharing your own experiences, and
homesick. Moving to a new city can be tough, but offering tips on handling work-life balance.
it’s also a wonderful opportunity to explore and (b) Write a letter to the Head of the Public
grow. Works Department requesting urgent repairs
Mumbai is an exciting place with so much to the damaged roads in your area. Highlight
to offer-beautiful beaches, bustling markets, the challenges faced by residents and explain
and amazing food. Start by exploring your the importance of timely repairs.
neighborhood and making small connections
with your neighbors. Joining a club or attending Ans
community events can help you meet new people (a)
and settle in faster. Flat 10, Greenfield Apartments,
Remember, change is always hard at first, Park Lane,
but it brings growth and new experiences. Focus Pune - 411001.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 61

CHAPTER
3
Notice Writing

INTRODUCTIO T ypes of NOTICE

A notice is a formal and concise form of written Notices can be classified based on their purpose and
communication used to inform a specific audience. Below are the main types of notices:
group of people about important events, 1. Informational Notice : Informational notices
functions, or occasions. It is commonly used by are used to provide details about upcoming
organizations, institutions, or individuals to share events, meetings, or activities. These notices
announcements or provide crucial information. are straightforward and aimed at ensuring the
Notices are typically displayed on noticeboards to audience is informed about the necessary details.
ensure visibility and reach. The tone of a notice Example : School exam schedules, meeting
is formal, and it adheres to a structured format, announcements, or holiday declarations.
making it clear and easy to understand. Effective 2. Warning Notice : Warning notices are issued to
notice writing ensures that the intended audience alert individuals about potential dangers, rules,
receives accurate details about events, celebrations, or penalties for specific actions. They often aim
or significant updates in a professional manner. to ensure safety and compliance.
Example : Safety instructions in laboratories or
“No Parking” warnings in restricted areas.
3. Invitation Notice : These notices invite individuals
P urpose of Notice or groups to participate in celebrations, programs,
or competitions. They contain details like time,
Notice writing is a formal method of communication venue, and purpose of the event.
used to convey important information to a group Example : Invitation for cultural programs, sports
of people in an organized and concise manner. events, or workshops.
The primary purposes of notice writing are as 4. Public Notice : Public notices are intended for
follows: a wider audience, often addressing the general
1. Informing a Group : Notices are written to public. These include legal announcements,
inform a large group of people about important government notifications, or important updates.
announcements, events, or updates in a concise Example : Property-related legal notices or public
manner. service announcements.
2. Conveying Official Information : They serve as 5. Notice of Change : These notices communicate
an official medium to communicate rules, policies, alterations in schedules, policies, or rules. They aim to
or changes within an organization, school, or update the audience about the revised arrangements.
institution. Example : Changes in school timings, venue shifts,
3. Generating Awareness : Notices are used to or modified rules for an event.
spread awareness about specific causes, programs,
or activities.
4. Providing Instructions : They often include P OINTS TO REMEMBER
specific instructions or guidelines that the
audience needs to follow. When drafting a notice, it is important to follow
5. Creating Formal Records : Notices act as written specific guidelines to ensure clarity, formality, and
proof or formal documentation for announcements effective communication. Below are the key points
or decisions. to keep in mind:

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Ch 3 : Notice Writing

1. A Notice is Always Written in a Box : Enclose the FOR MAT OF NOTICE

notice in a neat rectangular box to ensure it stands
out and looks professional. This is a standard The format of a notice is essential to ensure it
format that enhances clarity and presentation. appears professional and conveys information
2. It Must Be Dated : Include the date of issue at effectively. A notice should follow a structured
the top left or right corner of the notice. The date layout, including specific components arranged in
ensures the relevance of the information provided. a logical sequence. Below is the correct format:
3. It Should Have a Title : The notice must have a
Name and address of Institution/Organization
clear and concise title that indicates the purpose
of the notice. The title is not a complete sentence NOTICE
but a phrase like “Cultural Fest 2025” or “Annual Date of Issue
Sports Day”.
4. Name, Designation, and Signature of Issuing Heading/Title
Authority : Every notice must include the name, Body of the Notice (including details like date, day,
time, venue, name of the concerned person, etc.)
designation, and signature of the person or
authority issuing it. This lends authenticity to the Full name
notice. (Designation)
5. Complete Sentences and Phrases : Notices are
generally written in complete sentences. However,
phrases may be used to maintain brevity and Parts of a Notice
clarity, especially in bulleted or point form.
6. Future Time Reference : Since notices often A well-structured notice includes specific components
announce upcoming events or celebrations, use that ensure clarity and effective communication.
future time references (e.g., “will be held on” or Below are the essential parts of a notice:
“is scheduled to”). 1. Heading/Title
7. Include Relevant Details (What, When, Where, • The title indicates the purpose of the notice.
Why, How) • It should be concise and written in capital
A notice must answer the essential questions: letters (e.g., “ANNUAL SPORTS DAY” or
What : The event or announcement. “LOST & FOUND”).
When : The date and time of the event. 2. Name of the Organization/Institution
Where : The location. • The name of the issuing organization or
Why : The purpose of the event. institution is placed at the top, above or
How : Additional instructions or participation below the heading, to specify the authority
details. behind the notice.
8. Accuracy and Conciseness : Present the 3. Date
information clearly and concisely. Avoid • The date of issue is written below the heading
unnecessary details or repetition to maintain the or in the top left/right corner to indicate
reader’s attention. when the notice was released.
9. Use Formal Language : A notice is an official 4. Body of the Notice
document, so the tone must remain formal and • The main content provides all necessary
professional. details such as:
10. Third Person Perspective : Write the notice in What : The purpose of the notice.
the third person to maintain formality. Avoid When : The date and time of the event.
using personal pronouns like I, me, you, mine, or Where : The venue or location.
your. Why : The reason or objective.
11. Present or Future Tense : Use either present or How : Additional instructions or procedures.
future tense while drafting the notice. Refrain The language should be formal, concise, and
from using past tense unless referring to previous written in complete sentences or phrases.
events as context. 5. Signature and Designation
12. Adhere to Word Limit : Stick to the word • The notice must include the signature, name,
limit specified in the question, typically around and designation of the person or authority
50 words. This ensures precision and avoids issuing the notice.
unnecessary details. • This ensures authenticity and credibility.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 63

6. Box Format 3. Water supply will be suspended for eight hours (10
• The entire notice should be enclosed within am to 6 pm) on 6th of March for cleaning of the
a rectangular box for a neat and professional water tank. Write a notice advising the residents
appearance. to store water for a day. You are Secretary of
• Each part plays a significant role in making Society.
the notice clear, structured, and effective.
Ans
Examples :
Janata Group Housing Society
1. You lost your wallet in the school playground.
Palam Vihar, Kurnool
Write a notice for your school notice board giving
all the necessary details. NOTICE
4th March, 20xx
Ans
Suspension of Water Supply:
APJ School, Delhi Residents are hereby informed that water
supply will be suspended for eight hours (10 am
NOTICE to 6 pm) on 6th March for cleaning of the water
24th October, 20xx tank. Residents are advised to make necessary
arrangements to store water for a day. We regret
Lost Wallet
the inconvenience caused.
This information is about a wallet which
I, Abhinay Gupta of class X-A, has lost. It Karan Kumar
went missing in or around the playground Secretary
of the school, in recess hour. The wallet is
chocolate-brown in color. It is an Eskee wallet 4. You are Mahender, Sports Captain, St. John’s
and contains my school id and multiple other School, Lucknow. Write a notice informing
essential documents. If the wallet is found by students about an Inter School Football match
any staff or student, she/he is humbly requested to be played in your school. Invite them to watch
to submit it in the school office.
and cheer the teams.
Student of X-A Ans
Abhinay Gupta
St. John’s School, Lucknow
2. As Teacher Co-ordinator of the Quiz Club of
AMM School, Pune, draft a notice informing NOTICE
students of the inter-class quiz contest asking 20 August, 20xx
them to register their names with the Secretary
of the Club within a week. Inter-School Football Match
An Inter-school football match will be held on
Ans Friday 25th August, 20xx, 9:00 a.m. onwards
at our school playground. All students are
A.M.M. School, Pune requested to be present at the venue to cheer
NOTICE and encourage the participants. Contact the
21 April, 20xx under signed for further query.

Register for Quiz Competition Mahender

Sports Captain
This is to inform all students of classes VI-XII
that an interclass quiz competition will be held
this Friday, 25 April, 20xx in the audio - visual
room from 8:00 am to 11:00 pm. Maximum
number of students representing per class is
three. Those interested can give their names to
the secretary of the Quiz Club for registration.

XYZ
(Teacher Co-ordinator, Quiz Club)

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Ch 3 : Notice Writing

12. As NSS Club in-charge of St. Andrew’s School, 14. Draft a notice for the noticeboard about a trekking
draft a notice about a charity show to raise funds holiday that your school is organising, giving
and collect articles for Uttarakhand earthquake all necessary details and asking the interested
victims, including event details. students to give their names.
Ans Ans

St. Andrew’s School, Bhopal XYZ School

NOTICE NOTICE
10th July 20xx 10 September 20xx
AN EVENING FOR A CAUSE Trekking Tour
All are informed that our school is going to
organize a charity show to collect articles and This is to inform the students that the school
money for people affected by earthquake in Adventure Club are organising a trekking tour
Uttarakhand. in the Uttarkashi ranges.
The details are as follows : Those interested in trekking in the October
Date : 15th July 20xx holidays may please note the following :
Time : 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Charges : 5000 per person
Events : Puppet Show, Magic Show, Rock Band Dates : 10th to 17th October
Stalls : Books and Handicrafts Trek to : Uttarkashi
Venue : Playground Names to be given to the undersigned by 20
Tickets are available at the reception. Invite September. For further information, please
your family and friends and help in raising contact tour incharge Mr. Anurudh on
funds for the noble cause. 756836xxxx

Shalini Aditi Mohan

Incharge, NSS Club (School Prefect)

15. As Niti Singhal of Bright Future High School,

13. As Sports Captain, draft a notice inviting budding draft a notice for the school noticeboard to locate
cricketers to attend Under-16 and Under-18 trials the owner of an unclaimed cricket kit found after
for final school team selection. Include necessary an inter-school championship.
details. Sign as Sunny Arora. Ans
Ans
Bright Future High School
Modern Public School
NOTICE
NOTICE 24 May 20xx
3 May 20xx
FOUND
FINAL TRIALS FOR UNDER-16 AND
UNDER-18 An unclaimed cricket kit bag was found in the
school playground on 20 May 20xx after the
All the budding cricketers must attend the final recent Inter-School Cricket Championship. The
trials in the school ground on 7 May, 20xx 9 bag is black and has several stickers and logos
a.m. to 4 p.m. but no name or initials for identification of the
Eighteen players will be shortlisted for each owner.
team. You must carry your cricket kit and be in The owner should kindly collect the kit from
sports attire. the undersigned immediately.
Sunny Arora Niti Singhal
Sports Captain XI-A
Member
Sports Club

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 65

9. You are the Secretary of your School Literary E XERCISE (SOLVED)

Association. Write a notice giving details of the
proposed inauguration of the Literary Association
of your school. 1. You lost your wristwatch in your school
auditorium. Write a notice for your school notice
Ans
board giving a detailed description of the watch.

JAIN VIDYASHARAM, CUDDALORE Ans

NOTICE
Spring Field School, Pune
1 March, 20xx
School Literary Association Inauguration NOTICE
All students and staff are cordially invited 5 November, 20xx
to the inauguration of the school’s Literary
Lost Wristwatch
Association on Monday, 10 March 20xx in the
school library, 11 a.m. onwards. Our Chief I lost my Fastrack wristwatch today in our
Guest, renowned writer, Ms. Arundhati Roy, school auditorium. It’s an analogue watch with
shall speak to the students on the importance a white case, white dial, colourful numerals and
of reading and writing. white silicon strap. A suitable reward will be
given to the one who finds and returns it to the
XYZ undersigned.
(Secretary, Literary Association)
Anirudh Roy
X-B
10. Draft a notice as Rakshita/Rohit, President
of the Cultural Society, informing students
about a SPICMACAY programme featuring 3. Write a notice informing the students about the
Bharatanatyam dancer Geeta Chandran on World debate competition in the school on the topic
Dance Day. ‘School Uniforms Should be Banned’.
Ans Ans

MVN Public School ST. GIRI PUBLIC SCHOOL, MATHURA

NOTICE NOTICE
24 March, 20xx 25 April 20xx

SPICMACAY Presentation by Geeta DEBATE COMPETITION

Chandran All the students are hereby informed that an
On the occasion of World Dance Day, our school English Debate competition of the Zonal Level
is organising a SPICMACAY programme, will be held in the school as per the details
where Geeta Chandran would be giving lecture given below :
demonstration. You all are hereby invited
to attend the same and make the occasion Date : 7 May 20xx
memorable. Time : 10:00 a.m.
When : 27 March, 20xx Venue : School Auditorium
Where : School Auditorium Topic : School uniforms should be banned.
Time limit : 3-4 mins. One each in favour and
Rohit against. Interested students may give their
(President, Cultural society) name in pair to the undersigned by 2 May.

For further details, contact the undersigned.

Manak
(Head Boy)

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Ch 3 : Notice Writing

4. As Health Secretary, draft a notice inviting Class 6. As Secretary of the Residents’ Welfare
X students of Citizens Public School, Varanasi, Association, draft a notice informing citizens
to enrol for a week-long cleanliness drive starting about safety measures like police verification,
2nd October. visitor registration, and CCTV installation to
prevent kidnappings.
Ans
Ans
Citizens Public School, Varanasi
NOTICE RESIDENTS’ WELFARE ASSOCIATION,
25 September 20xx GREEN PARK, NEW DELHI

Cleanliness Drive NOTICE

17th July 20xx
The Students Council of the school has decided Alert for Kidnapping
to start a week-long cleanliness drive around As you all are aware a number of cases of
the school from 2 October. It is in keeping with kidnappings have taken place in our society
the spirit of Prime minister’s initiative “Swachh in the past two months. This notice has been
Bharat Abhiyaan”. Students of class X are put up to inform everyone that after a close
requested to enrol for the drive as volunteers. investigation, involvement of domestic help or
Registration is open for two days, 28 September some person closer to the family has been found
and 29 September, from 9 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. in most cases. To ensure the safety of the child
Vinay Kapoor we all need to follow the steps listed below:
• Ensure police verification of servants, identity
(Health Secretary)
cards to be issued
• Register entry of unknown persons at the gate
with the gatekeeper
5. As the Director of the Primary Section, write a • Installation of CCTV cameras in the premises
notice for the children announcing the programme Everyone is requested to co-operate so that
for Children’s Day. such incidents do not happen.
Ans ABC
(Secretary, RWA)
Ramjas School, R.K. Puram
NOTICE 7. You are Amit/Amita, the Head Boy/Girl of
2 November 20xx Zenith Public School. Draft a notice for the school
noticeboard inviting students to submit entries
Children’s Day Programme
for the upcoming Britannia Quiz Contest to be
The school is arranging a special programme for
held at the school.
you on Children’s Day, i.e. November 14. You
can come in fancy dress and win a prize. There Ans
will be games for you. Kindly give the circular
to your parents so that they can dress you Zenith Public School, Agra
beautifully for the Fancy Dress Competition.
Do not bring your books on November 14. NOTICE
20 February 20xx
Monisha Mohanty Selection for Quiz Contest
Director
Primary School The students of classes from 9 to 12 may give
their names for participating in I3ritannia Quiz
Contest to be held on 25 March 20xx.
The applicants should have participated in the
inter-house Quiz Contest. The selection will be
held on 28 February 20xx.

R.K. Singh
Vice Principal

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 67

8. As librarian of Crescent International School, 10. As General Secretary of the Sports Club, draft a
Gwalior, draft a notice asking all students and notice inviting student entries for sports activities
teachers to return the library books they have or stage performances for the Silver Jubilee
borrowed, two days before the commencement of Annual Sports Day at Meera Bai School.
the examination.
Ans
Ans
MEERA BAI SCHOOL, DEHRADUN
CRESENT INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, NOTICE
GWALIOR 1 December 20xx
LIABRARY NOTICE Silver Jubilee-Cum-Sports Day

5th March 20xx This is to inform all the students that the school
is celebrating its silver jubilee soon.
All the students are hereby requested to deposit Students/volunteers are invited to submit their
their library books with the librarian two days names for participating in sports activities or
before the commencement, they will not be wishing to organise/participate in the cultural
permitted to appear in the examination. It may programme.
be given topmost priority. Annual Sports Day on December 15 between 4
p.m. and 6:30 p.m.
R.Gupta
Names should reach the undersigned latest by
Librarian
December 7 at the club, between 10 a.m. - 1
p.m.
9. As Head Boy/Head Girl, draft a notice informing
needy students to submit their book requirements Shikha Kapoor
(General Secretary)
in the box outside the Principal’s office for Gandhi
Sports club
Education Society.
Ans
11. Draft a notice as Amar/Amrita for the park
Modern Public School, Ghaziabad noticeboard, informing about a found plastic bag
NOTICE with documents and cash, and asking the owner
5 July 20xx to contact 943912xxxx to claim it.
Distribution of Books for Students Ans

This is for the information of all students that Children’s Park

a charitable organization, Gandhi Education
Society is coming to the school at 11 a.m. on NOTICE
15 July 20xx to distribute books to the needy 10 March 20xx
students. Such students are requested to drop FOUND! FOUND!
the list of the books they need into the box kept
outside principal’s office latest by 10 July 20xx. Found a small black plastic bag containing some
documents and cash today morning. It was lying
Abhilasha in the corner bench of the park. The owner may
(Head Girl) please contact the undersigned and collect the
bag after identifying the documents and details
of the cash. Please contact at 785312xxxx.

Amrita
(A concerned citizen)

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Ch 3 : Notice Writing

28. As the Principal, write a notice informing the 30. As School Secretary of the Social Service Club,
prefects, monitors and other discipline in-charge draft a notice urging students to donate funds for
students of a Leadership Training Camp being lepers, to be sent to Red Cross, New Delhi, with
organised by the school. receipts and awards for donations over `500.
Ans
XYZ School, New Delhi
A.P.J. School, Vasant kunj
NOTICE
NOTICE 5 September 20xx
10 April 20xx Donation for Red Cross

Leadership Training Camp Donations are invited for raising funds for
A leadership training camp is being organised lepers in the city. Funds collected will be sent
on 15 April 20xx from 9:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. All to the Red Cross, New Delhi. Donors will be
prefects, class monitors, bus and line monitors issued a formal receipt for the donation. A Red
shall attend this camp. Cross will be awarded to the donor donating
The programme will include the following : more than `500. You can leave your donation
Leadership Training Workshop with the School Secretary.
- 9 : 00 a.m. to 11 : 00 a.m. Date : 6 September - 10 September 20xx
Refreshment Break Time : 8:00 a.m. (zero period)
- 11 : 00 a.m. to 11 : 30 a.m. Place : Social Service (Lab Room 4)
Question and Answer Session with Experts The undersigned may be contacted for further
- 11 : 30 a.m. to 12 : 00 p.m. S.K. Gulati queries.

Principal Anju Puri

(School Secretary)
Social Service Club
29. You are Sahil Sagar, the President of Nehru Yuva
Club, Delhi. You have planned to take a trekking
trip for 15 days to Rohtang Pass next month.
Write a notice to invite participants for trekking www.nodia.i
programme.
Ans

NEHRU YUVA CLUB

NOTICE
20 May 20xx
Trekking Notice
The Nehru Yuva Club, Delhi, is going to
organize a 15-day trekking programme to
Rohtang Pass from 20 June 20xx. All boarding
and lodging arrangements will be done by
the club with necessary equipment, etc. The
interested participants may book their seats by
depositing 55000 with the undersigned latest by
10 June 20xx.

Sahil Sagar
President

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 69

16. While walking in a park in your colony you found 18. You are Sapna Singh, the Secretary of Cultural
a small briefcase with some documents and cash. Committee of your school. Write a notice inviting
Write a notice asking the owner to identify and students to participate in the Annual Day of the
collect it from you. school to be organized next month.
Ans Ans

PARK NOTICE BOARD GALT PUBLIC SCHOOL, AGRA

Lost and found NOTICE

16th September 20xx 20 September 20xx

Attention!! Attention!! Annual Day Function

A briefcase containing some cash and documents The school is going to organize a cultural
was found in the park near the gymnasium side. programme on Annual Day to be held on 12
The bag would be handed over to the owner October. The students willing to participate
after he/she identifies the same and is able to are invited to take part in theme song, group
prove that it belongs to him/her. The owner dance and instrumental music programmes.
may contact the undersigned between 7 a.m. They should submit details (along with cultural
and 9 a.m. Rajat, C-4/67 Ist Floor, Sector 6, achievements) to the undersigned latest by 28
September 20xx.
Rohini Delhi.
Mob. No. 887166xxxx Sapna Singh
Secretary
(Cultural Committee)
17. As the head of Physical Education Department,
write a notice informing the students about the
19. You are Man/Mani, secretary of the History Club
selection of athletes for the coming Zonal Athletic
of K.V. Sr. Sec. School, Badodhra. Draft a notice
meet.
informing the students of class IX and X about
Ans a proposed tour to Rajasthan during the coming
summer vacations.
BAL BHARTI PUBLIC SCHOOL, NOIDA
Ans
NOTICE
10 April 20xx K.V. Senior Secondary School, Badodhra
Selection of Athletes for Zonal Athletic Meet NOTICE
5 April 20xx
This is to inform the students of classes 5 to 8
that the selection of the athletes for the coming Rajasthan Tour
zonal athletic meet for sub-juniors and juniors
will be done as per the timetable given below. This is to inform the students of classes 9 and 10
of a trip to Rajasthan from 12 to 17 May 20xx.
15 April 20xx (Sub-Junior events) The trip will cover Jaipur, Udaipur, Jaisalmer
100 m and 200 m races, long jump, swimming : and Bikaner.
7:00 a.m. to 9:30 a.m. Those who wish to join the trip should submit
17 April 20xx (Junior events) written permission from their parents and a
100 m 200 m, 4 x 100 m relay race, long jump, draft for `3000 latest by 12 April 20xx to the
high jump, swimming : 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. Vice Principal.

BS Batra Mani
Head, Physical Education Department Secretary, History Club

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Ch 3 : Notice Writing

5. Your school is celebrating Grandparents’ Day 7. Your school is planning an Inter-House poster
next week. Write a notice informing students of making competition to conclude the week-
the celebration and requesting them to be present long Environment Week. As the secretary of
with their grandparents. the school’s cultural association, write a notice
informing students of classes IX-XII about the
Ans
competition.
ABC Sen. Sec. School, Delhi. Ans
NOTICE:
January 29, 20xx Florence Nightinllgale Convent
NOTICE
Grandparent’s day Celebration 20 October, 20xx
We are glad to notify you that we have planned
INTER-HOUSE POSTER MAKING
to celebrate Grandparent’s day in our school
premises on February 9, 20xx at 5 pm. So, we COMPETITION
request all the students of the school to take Sanskriti, the school’s cultural association invites
part in the celebration with their grandparents. students of classes IX to XII to participate in
Our school correspondent Mrs Menaka Suresh the Inter- House poster making competition to
will honour the function. round off the week-long Environment Week on
27 October, 20xx at 10 am. The participants
Samir will bring their own material. The topics will
Head Boy be declared on the spot. The best entries will
ABC Sen. Sec. School, Delhi be rewarded. Those interested should register
their names with the undersigned by Saturday,
this week.
6. You are the president of the Malviya Nagar
Residents’ Welfare Association, Block A and you Vijay Dhawan
Secretary, Cultural Association
are organising a “New Year Party” in your area.
Draft a notice as Dharam Sethi informing the
residents of your block of the same. 8. Write a public notice about traffic diversions
by Delhi Traffic Police for Independence Day
Ans celebrations at Red Fort, ensuring smooth travel
for commuters.
MALVIYA NAGAR RESIDENTS’ WELFARE
Ans
ASSOCIATION, BLOCK A
NOTICE Delhi Traffic Police
15 December 20xx
NOTICE
New Year Bash 20xx 14 August 20xx
Malviya Nagar Residents’ Welfare Association,
Block A is organising a grand New Year Party Traffic Diversion
in the colony on 31 December 20xx. The
This is to inform the citizens of Delhi that the
celebrations will begin by 6 pm onwards. The
route from ISBT to Red Fort via Kashmere
residents are requested to join enthusiastically
Gate will remain closed in view of security
and make it a grand bash.
arrangements for the Independence Day
Sumptuous food, games, music, dance, prizes,
Celebrations at the Red Fort on 15 August
and surprises are on the cards.
20xx. No vehicles will be allowed on this route
Kindly deposit 500 per head with Mr.
from 7 a.m. to 2 p.m. All the commuters and
Krishnakant Kalra (Treasurer).
travellers should use the Outer Ring Road to
Sd/- reach the ISBT. Inconvenience is regretted.
Dharam Sethi Issued in public interest by
President
Residents’ Welfare Association, Block A Sd/-
The Chief Commissioner
Delhi Traffic Police

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 71

24. You are Joseph Mathew, Vice Principal of Sr. 26. As Sukant Roy, Head of Ujjwal Bhavishya
Aloysius Higher Secondary School. Write a notice Educational Institution, draft a notice appealing
informing the students about the audition schedule to colleagues and students for monetary donations
for the Annual Play Festival to be organised soon. or assistance to support destitute children’s
upliftment.
Ans
Ans
ST. ALOYSIUS HIGHER SECONDARY
SCHOOL, AGRA Ujjwal Bhavishya Educational Institution
NOTICE NOTICE
2 September 20xx
Helping Destitute Children
PLAY FESTIVAL AUDITION 12 October 20xx
All four Houses will conduct auditions for the Our educational institute is sponsoring a
Annual Play Festival from 7th to 14th September campaign to help countless destitute children
20xx, after school hours from 2:00 p.m. to 4:00 on our streets and enable them to have a better
p.m. life. You can strengthen us by sending your
Those interested should give their names to contributions in cash or kind. You can also
their House Captains. Previous experience of assist these children by sending us your old
acting is not necessary. devices such as tablets or laptops which will be
repurposed for learning. Clothes and medicines
Joseph Mathew are also accepted.
Vice Principal sd/-
Sukant Roy
Head
25. Neelam/Neelesh is the head girl/boy of Surya
Ujjwal Bhavishya Educational lnstitution
Public School, Agra. She/He decides to call
a meeting of all house appointments for prize
distribution function on Annual Day. Draft a 27. Your school is going to organize a blood donation
meeting notice on her/his behalf. camp next week. Write a notice to invite volunteers
Ans for this camp. You are the Head Boy of Prakriti
International School, Delhi.
SURYA PUBLIC SCHOOL, AGRA Ans
NOTICE
22 January 20xx PRAKRITI INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL,
Urgent Meeting DELHI
All House Captains, Vice Captains and House
Prefects are requested to attend a meeting NOTICE
at 12:30 p.m. on 23 January 20xx in the 4 October 20xx
Conference Room to discuss prize distribution
on Annual Day to be held on 29 January 20xx. BLOOD DONATION CAMP
All should submit their proposals as well as give It is a matter of pride that our school is
suggestions. organizing a blood donation camp from 10:30
Neelam a.m. to 5 p.m. on 9 October 20xx. For this camp,
Head Girl we need volunteers who can devote their time
to making the camp a success. The interested
students are requested to give their names to
the undersigned within three days.
Kamal
Head Boy

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Ch 3 : Notice Writing

20. As Head of the English Club, draft a notice calling 22. As the librarian of your school, write a notice
a meeting of office bearers to plan arrangements informing the students of the penalty for losing or
for English Week on International Day of English damaging the books issued to them.
Language.
Ans
Ans
New Age School, Rohini
Rev. Francis School NOTICE
NOTICE 10 July 20xx
9 March 20xx Penalty For Losing or Damaging the Books
Meeting of English Language Club This is to inform all the students that
• a fine of n per day will be charged if a book is not
On the occasion of International Day of English returned on the due date;
Language, our school is organizing its Annual • the library card will be withdrawn if the returned
English Week from 2 - 8 April, 20xx in the book is found torn or damaged;
school campus. All executive members should • The full price will be recovered from the student
join a meeting on if a book is lost.
11 March 20xx at 12:30 pm in the Conference
Shalini Singh
Room. Discussion regarding the detailed
Librarian
itinerary, the arrangements and duties for the
Week will also be on the agenda of the meeting.

Sd/- 23. As Yashika/Yasu, draft a notice for the society

Jairam Reddy noticeboard inviting children to join a four-week
President soft skills course as part of a school project.
English Club Include purpose and details.
Ans
21. As Rajesh Roshan, Secretary, Cultural Society,
draft a notice inviting senior students to attend
the Bal Mela on Children’s Day, organized by the BHUMIKA HOUSING SOCIETY
primary wing with various stalls. NOTICE
20 May 20xx
Ans
Developing Soft Skills
XYZ School
A four-week soft skill training course (1 June
NOTICE 20xx to 28 June 20xx) is being organized for
4 November 20xx children of Bhumika Housing Society. Students
Bal Mela will be made aware of acceptable personality
We are pleased to inform that the primary wing traits, social graces, effective communication
of our school is organising a Bal Mela on 14 and leadership training. The class will be held
November 20xx. There will be attractive stalls in the community hall of the Society between
for eatables and games. Moreover, there will 10 a.m. and 1.00 p.m. The participants will be
be joyrides and a lively musical band too. The selected on the basis of a test, which will be
students from classes VI-X are invited to attend conducted on 25 May.
the Mela along with their parents.
Yashika
The schedule is as follows: Prefect
Date : 14 November 20xx Progressive Public School
Time : 8:30 a.m. - 1:30 p.m.
Venue : School Playground
Looking forward to your active participation.
For details contact the undersigned:
Rajesh Roshan
Secretary
(Cultural Society)

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 73

CHAPTER
4
E-Mail Writing

INTRODUCTIO T ypes of e-mail

E-mail, or electronic mail, is a form of online E-mails can be classified into different types
communication used to send messages quickly based on their purpose and tone. The main types
and efficiently. It can be formal, semi-formal, of e-mails are:
or informal, depending on the purpose, much 1. Formal E-Mails : These are written for official
like traditional letters. E-mails are designed to or professional purposes, such as job applications,
provide essential information, including details business communication, or academic
about events, dates, times, venues, and specific correspondence. They follow a structured format
purposes. Learning to write an e-mail involves with polite language and proper etiquette.
crafting clear and concise messages that convey 2. Informal E-Mails : These are casual e-mails
necessary details effectively. This skill is invaluable written to friends, family, or close acquaintances.
in modern communication for personal, academic, They have a friendly tone and do not require a
and professional interactions. strict format.
3. Semi-Formal E-Mails : These e-mails are written
for situations that are neither entirely formal nor
informal, such as invitations, thank-you notes, or
P urpose of e-mail communication with acquaintances.
4. Promotional E-Mails : These are used by
E-mail writing serves as an effective way to businesses to advertise products, services, or
communicate important information quickly and offers to customers. They aim to grab attention
efficiently. The main purposes of writing an e-mail and encourage action.
are as follows: 5. Transactional E-Mails : These provide updates
1. Quick and Safe Communication : E-mails allow or confirmations, such as order details, booking
important and relevant information to be shared confirmations, or payment receipts.
quickly and safely between the sender and 6. Newsletter E-Mails : These are regularly
recipient. sent e-mails that provide updates, news, or
2. Clear Understanding of Purpose : Like a letter, information to subscribers about a specific topic
an e-mail helps the recipient understand the or organization.
purpose of the communication with all necessary
and relevant details.
3. Sharing Event Information : E-mails are
commonly used to provide essential details such P OINTS TO REMEMBER
as the event, date, time, venue, and purpose.
4. Content Preservation : Since e-mails are sent Writing an effective e-mail requires attention
electronically, the content remains saved and can to detail and adherence to certain guidelines to
be referred to anytime for clarification, ensuring ensure clarity, professionalism, and purpose. Here
convenience and reliability. are some important points to keep in mind:
1. Clear Subject Line : Write a subject line that
clearly reflects the purpose of the e-mail to help
the recipient understand its intent at a glance.
2. Polite Tone : Maintain a respectful and polite
tone, whether the e-mail is formal, semi-formal,

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Ch 4 : E-Mail Writing

or informal, to leave a positive impression. Salutation : Dear Sir/Madam,

3. Concise and Relevant Content : Keep the e-mail Body :
brief and focused on the main purpose. Avoid Introduction
unnecessary details that may confuse the recipient. I am writing to request leave for three days,
4. Proper Grammar and Spelling : Ensure the e-mail from 20th to 22nd January 2025.
is free from grammatical and spelling errors for Main Content
clarity and professionalism, as errors can reduce Due to personal reasons, I will be unable to
credibility. attend work during these days. I assure you that
5. Structured Format : Use a clear structure with a all pending tasks will be completed beforehand.
salutation, body, and proper closing to make the Conclusion
e-mail organized and easy to read. Thank you for your understanding and kind
6. Avoid Slang or Abbreviations : Do not use consideration.
informal slang or abbreviations in formal or semi- Closing
formal e-mails to maintain professionalism and Yours sincerely,
clarity. Name
7. Provide Complete Information : Include all [Your Full Name]
necessary details, such as date, time, venue, or
purpose, for the recipient’s convenience and Attachments Leave_Application.pdf (if any)
understanding. Parts of e-mail
8. Use a Professional E-Mail Address : For formal
An e-mail is made up of several essential
e-mails, ensure the sender’s e-mail address is
components, each serving a specific purpose to
appropriate and professional to reflect seriousness.
ensure effective communication. The main parts
9. Proofread Before Sending : Always check the
of an e-mail are as follows:
e-mail for any errors or missing details before
1. Sender’s E-Mail Address : This is the e-mail
sending to ensure accuracy and completeness.
address of the person sending the e-mail. It is
10. Add Attachments Carefully : If attaching files,
typically displayed automatically by the e-mail
ensure they are relevant, properly named,
platform. It ensures the recipient knows who the
and correctly uploaded, and confirm they are
e-mail is from.
mentioned in the e-mail body.
2. Recipient’s E-Mail Address : The e-mail address
of the person to whom the e-mail is sent. Make
sure the address is correct to ensure delivery and
FOR MAT OF e-mail proper communication.
3. Cc (Carbon Copy) : This optional field allows
you to send a copy of the e-mail to additional
A well-structured e-mail ensures clarity and recipients. Everyone can see who else received the
professionalism. Learning the correct format helps e-mail, making it useful for transparency.
convey your message effectively. Correct format of 4. Bcc (Blind Carbon Copy) : Another optional field
an e-mail is given below : used to send a copy of the e-mail to additional
recipients. The other recipients cannot see the
To recipient@example.com Bcc addresses, ensuring confidentiality.
Cc [Optional: Add Cc addresses if 5. Subject Line : A concise and clear line summarizing
required] the purpose of the e-mail. It helps the recipient
quickly understand the topic of the message and
Bcc [Optional: Add Bcc addresses if prioritize its importance.
required] 6. Salutation : A polite greeting to address the
Subject Application for Leave recipient, such as “Dear Sir/Madam” or “Hello
[Name].” It sets the tone for the e-mail and shows
respect or familiarity.
7. Body of the E-Mail : The main content of the
e-mail, divided into three parts:
• Introduction : Briefly states the purpose of
the e-mail, providing context for the reader.
• Main Content : Provides detailed information

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 75

or explanation, focusing on clarity and 2. Write an e-mail to your friend inviting him or her
relevance. to your upcoming birthday party at your house
• Conclusion : Ends with a polite note or and describing all the fun activities planned for
request, leaving a good impression. the evening.
8. Closing Line : A polite sign-off, such as “Yours
Ans
sincerely” or “Best regards.” It adds a formal
touch to the e-mail and signals the end of the
To aditi.friend@gmail.com
message.
9. Sender’s Name : The full name of the sender Subject My Birthday Party Invitation
at the end of the e-mail. It helps the recipient To
identify who sent the message and establishes Subject
credibility. Hi Aditi,
10. Attachments : Files or documents relevant to the I hope you’re doing great! I’m writing to let you
e-mail’s purpose, such as reports or applications, know that I’m hosting a small birthday party,
can be added and mentioned in the e-mail body and I’d love for you to join.
for reference or action. The party will be on Saturday, 12th February
2025, at my house, starting at 5 p.m. It’ll be
a fun evening with lots of games, music, and,
of course, cake! There’s also a surprise activity
E XAMPLES planned that I’m sure you’ll enjoy.
It wouldn’t feel complete without you, so please
make sure to come. Let me know if you can
1. Write an e-mail to the principal of your school,
make it so I can count you in. I’m looking
requesting formal permission to organize a science
forward to catching up and having an amazing
quiz competition for students of different grades
time together.
to encourage curiosity and teamwork.
Take care and see you soon!
Ans Cheers,
Riya
To principal.xyzschool@gmail.com
Subject Request for Permission to Organize 3. Write an e-mail to your neighbor, inviting their
Science Quiz family to join a community clean-up drive to make
the locality cleaner and more environmentally
Dear Dr. Ramesh Gupta, friendly.
I hope this message finds you well. I am
writing on behalf of the Science Club to seek Ans
your permission to organize a Science Quiz
Competition for students of Grades 8 to 12. To neighbor.mittal@gmail.com
The competition is proposed to be held on Subject Invitation to Community Clean-Up
Friday, 10th February 2025, at the school Drive
auditorium from 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. This event
aims to encourage curiosity, critical thinking, Dear Mrs. Mittal,
and teamwork among students. We also plan to I hope this e-mail finds you well. I am writing
invite a local scientist as the guest of honor to on behalf of our Residents’ Welfare Association
inspire participants. to invite you and your family to join our
We kindly request your approval to proceed Community Clean-Up Drive, scheduled for
with planning and organizing this event. Your Sunday, 5th March 2025, from 8 a.m. to 12 p.m.
support will be instrumental in making it a The initiative aims to clean our neighborhood
success. Please let us know if you require any park and surrounding areas to promote
additional information. cleanliness and a healthier environment for
Thanking you, everyone. Volunteers will meet at the main park
Ananya Mehta entrance, and all necessary equipment, including
Secretary, Science Club gloves and trash bags, will be provided.
XYZ School

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Ch 4 : E-Mail Writing

E XERCISE (SOLVED) in dance, drama, and music. The program also aims
to foster community engagement and showcase the
diversity of our school’s cultural heritage.
1. Write an e-mail to the principal of your school,
We would be honored to have your team
requesting permission for your school team to
cover the event and feature highlights in your
participate in an inter-school debate competition
publication. Please let us know if any additional
and outlining the importance of such events for
details are required.
students.
Thanking you,
Ans Aarav Mishra
Event Coordinator
To principal.xyzschool@gmail.com XYZ School
Subject Request for Permission to Participate
in Inter-School Debate Competition 3. Write an e-mail to your teacher, seeking guidance
on completing your science project and asking for
Dear Dr. Ramesh Gupta, suggestions to improve its presentation.
I hope this e-mail finds you well. I am writing
to seek your permission for our school debate Ans
team to participate in the Inter-School Debate
Competition organized by ABC Public School To neha.teacher@gmail.com
on Friday, 3rd March 2025. Subject Request for Guidance on Science
The competition will provide a platform for Project
students to enhance their critical thinking,
Dear Ms. Neha Singh,
communication skills, and confidence. Our school
I hope you are doing well. I am writing to seek
team has consistently performed well in such
your guidance regarding my science project on
events, and this opportunity will allow them to
renewable energy solutions. I have completed
showcase their abilities and learn from peers.
the research and initial presentation, but I feel
Kindly grant us permission to register for the event
there is room for improvement.
and represent our school. We would also appreciate
Could you kindly review my work and suggest
your guidance regarding any formalities required.
ways to enhance its content and visual appeal? I
Thanking you,
am particularly unsure about the statistical data
Ananya Mehta
presentation and the conclusion. If possible, I
Secretary, Debate Club
would appreciate your feedback during school
XYZ School
hours or at your earliest convenience.
Thank you for your constant support and
2. Write an e-mail to the editor of a local newspaper,
encouragement. I look forward to your suggestions.
requesting media coverage for your school’s
Best regards,
annual cultural program to promote the talents
Rahul Sharma
of students and attract community participation.
Class 10-B
Ans
4. Write an e-mail to the principal, requesting
To editor.localnews@gmail.com permission to conduct a bake sale at school as
Subject Request for Coverage of Annual part of a fundraiser for underprivileged children.
Cultural Program Ans
Dear Mr. Arvind Mishra,
I hope this e-mail finds you well. On behalf To principal.xyzschool@gmail.com
of XYZ School, I am writing to request your Subject Request for Permission to Conduct a
esteemed newspaper’s coverage of our Annual Bake Sale
Cultural Program, scheduled for Saturday, 18th
February 2025, at the school auditorium.
This event celebrates the artistic and cultural
talents of our students and includes performances

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 77

9. Write an e-mail promoting a 50% discount on

Dear Mr. Aman Goel,
I hope this e-mail finds you well. I am writing on gym memberships at a fitness center for a limited
behalf of St. Mary’s School Library Committee time, encouraging customers to join and prioritize
to request a discount on the bulk purchase of their health.
books for our library. Ans
Our list includes academic and reference books,
To valuedmembers@fitnesshub.com
which are essential for enriching our library
resources. We plan to place the order by 10th Subject Limited-Time Offer – Get 50% Off on
February 2025, and your support in providing a Gym Memberships!
discount would be greatly appreciated. Dear Member,
Your bookstore’s reputation for offering excellent Are you ready to take your fitness journey to the
books at competitive prices makes us confident next level? Fitness Hub is thrilled to announce a 50%
about forming a fruitful association. Please let discount on all gym memberships for a limited period!
us know your terms for bulk discounts. We are Join us today and enjoy state-of-the-art equipment,
happy to provide any additional details and personalized training plans, and a variety of fitness
look forward to your positive response. classes, including Zumba, Yoga, and HIIT. The
Thanking you, offer is valid from 1st February to 10th February
Tara Sharma 2025, so don’t miss out on this incredible deal.
Library Coordinator Sign up now at www.fitnesshub.com or visit
St. Mary’s School your nearest Fitness Hub branch. Let’s make
Phone: +91-98765xxxxx health and wellness your priority this year!
Stay Strong,
8. Write an e-mail to your neighbor inviting their Team Fitness Hub
family to a community tree plantation drive
that promotes awareness about environmental 10. Write an e-mail confirming a successful registration
conservation and greenery in the neighborhood. for an online coding workshop, including details
about the schedule and contact information for
Ans
queries.
Ans
To neighbor.mittal@gmail.com
Subject Invitation to Community Tree To rahul.verma@gmail.com
Plantation Drive Subject Registration Confirmation – Online
Dear Mrs. Mittal, Coding Workshop
I hope this e-mail finds you well. On behalf of Dear Rahul Verma,
the Green Earth Club of our neighborhood, I Thank you for registering for our Online Coding
am writing to invite you and your family to Workshop! We are excited to have you on board
participate in a Tree Plantation Drive, scheduled for this interactive learning experience.
for Sunday, 16th March 2025, from 8 a.m. to 12 Workshop Details:
p.m. at Rosewood Park. Topic: Introduction to Python Programming
The event aims to spread awareness about Date: 25th February 2025
environmental conservation and increase Time: 3:00 p.m. to 6:00 p.m.
greenery in our locality. Volunteers will plant Platform: Zoom (Link will be shared 48 hours
saplings, and all necessary materials, including before the session)
gloves and tools, will be provided. We believe During the workshop, you’ll learn the basics of
your family’s involvement would inspire others Python, including variables, loops, and functions,
to join hands for this meaningful initiative. with hands-on exercises. For any queries, feel
Please confirm your availability for the event. free to contact us at info@codeacademy.com or
We look forward to your participation in making call +91-98765xxxxx.
our neighborhood cleaner and greener. We look forward to helping you embark on your
Warm regards, coding journey!
Amit Shah Best regards,
Green Earth Club Coordinator Team Code Academy

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Ch 4 : E-Mail Writing

Your participation would mean a lot to the Your booking includes complimentary breakfast,
community, and we hope you can join us in Wi-Fi access, and 24-hour room service. If you
making a positive difference. Please let us know have any special requests or need assistance,
if you can attend. please contact us at info@harmonyhotel.com or
Best regards, call +91-98765xxxxx.
Amit Shah We look forward to hosting you for a delightful
Event Coordinator stay!
Warm regards,
4. Write an e-mail promoting a limited-time The Harmony Hotel Team
discount offer on cakes for a bakery business and
encouraging customers to take advantage of the 6. Write a newsletter e-mail for a fitness center
deal. announcing the launch of a new yoga program
designed to improve flexibility and reduce stress
Ans
for participants of all fitness levels.
To valuedcustomers@bakerydelight.com Ans
Subject Enjoy 20% Off on All Cakes – Limited
Time Offer! To subscribers@fitandflexy.com

Dear Valued Customer, Subject Introducing Our New Morning Yoga

We at Bakery Delight are excited to bring you Program!
a special offer you won’t want to miss! For the Dear Subscriber,
next 7 days only, enjoy 20% off on all our freshly We’re thrilled to announce the launch of our
baked cakes, including your favorite chocolate Morning Yoga Program at Fit & Flexy Fitness
truffle and red velvet. Center, starting Monday, 1st March 2025. This
Visit our store at 123 Baker Street, or place program is specially designed for participants of
your order online at www.bakerydelight.com to all fitness levels and aims to improve flexibility,
take advantage of this delicious deal. Use the reduce stress, and promote overall well-being.
code SWEET20 at checkout. Classes will be conducted every Monday,
Hurry, the offer ends Sunday, 12th February Wednesday, and Friday from 6 a.m. to 7 a.m. under
2025! Treat yourself and your loved ones to the the guidance of certified yoga instructors. As
best cakes in town. part of the launch, we’re offering an introductory
Best wishes, 15% discount on monthly memberships.
Team Bakery Delight Don’t miss this opportunity to rejuvenate your
mornings and start your day on a positive note!
5. Write an e-mail confirming a booking for a hotel For details, visit www.fitandflexy.com or call us
stay for a customer, including all details about at +91-98765xxxxx.
their reservation and contact information for Stay Fit,
queries. Team Fit & Flexy
Ans
7. Write an e-mail to the manager of a local
bookstore, requesting a discount for the bulk
To priyasharma@gmail.com
purchase of academic and reference books for
Subject Booking Confirmation – Harmony your school’s library.
Hotel
Ans
Dear Priya Sharma,
Thank you for choosing Harmony Hotel! We are To manager.localbooks@gmail.com
pleased to confirm your booking as follows:
Booking Details: Subject Request for Discount on Library Books
Reservation Number: HH102345
Check-In Date: 15th March 2025
Check-Out Date: 18th March 2025
Room Type: Deluxe Suite

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 79

Ans
Dear Dr. Ramesh Gupta,
I hope this message finds you well. I am writing
To amit.mathteacher@gmail.com
on behalf of the Students’ Social Service Club
to request your permission to organize a Bake Subject Request for Clarification on Math Problem
Sale at school on Monday, 6th March 2025. Dear Mr. Amit Kapoor,
The funds raised from this event will be donated to I hope this message finds you well. I am writing
the Smile Foundation, an organization supporting to seek clarification regarding the problem-
the education of underprivileged children. Our solving technique you taught in class for
students and parents have shown great enthusiasm quadratic equations. While I have understood
in contributing baked goods for the event, and we the basic steps, I am finding it challenging to
aim to make this initiative a success. apply them to certain word problems.
We kindly request your approval and any Could you kindly provide additional examples or
suggestions to ensure the smooth execution of suggest resources to help me practice? I would also
this fundraiser. appreciate a brief review of the example discussed
Thanking you, in class, as I am unsure about a few steps.
Riya Sen Thank you for your guidance and support. I
President, Social Service Club look forward to your advice.
XYZ School Best regards,
Rahul Sharma
5. Write an e-mail to the principal of your school, Class 10-B
requesting permission to organize an inter-house
art competition and explaining its benefits for 7. Write an e-mail to a local business owner,
student creativity. requesting sponsorship for your school’s sports
Ans day and offering them an opportunity to promote
their brand.
To principal.xyzschool@gmail.com
Ans
Subject Request for Permission to Organize
Inter-House Art Competition To owner.localbusiness@gmail.com
Dear Dr. Ramesh Gupta, Subject Request for Sponsorship for Sports
I hope this e-mail finds you in good health. I Day
am writing on behalf of the Art Club to request
Dear Mr. Ajay Verma,
your permission to organize an Inter-House
I hope this e-mail finds you well. On behalf
Art Competition at our school on Friday, 17th
of XYZ School, I am writing to request your
March 2025, in the school auditorium.
sponsorship for our Annual Sports Day,
The event aims to encourage creativity and
scheduled for Thursday, 23rd February 2025, at
artistic expression among students while fostering
the school grounds.
healthy competition between the school houses.
This event brings together over 600 students and
Students will participate in categories such as
parents, celebrating sportsmanship and teamwork.
painting, sketching, and poster making, each
Your sponsorship would help us provide better
based on the theme “Sustainability in Action.”
facilities for the event and promote a healthy
Your approval would greatly support this
lifestyle among students. In return, we would
initiative and inspire students to explore their
display your banners prominently and include
artistic potential. Kindly let us know if any
your business in our promotional materials.
specific arrangements need to be made.
We hope you consider supporting this event
Thanking you,
and fostering a stronger connection with the
Ritika Mehta
community. Please let us know if you’d like to
Secretary, Art Club
discuss further details.
XYZ School
Thanking you,
6. Write an e-mail to your teacher, requesting Meera Kapoor
clarification on a math problem discussed in class Sports Day Coordinator
and asking for additional examples for practice. XYZ School

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Ch 4 : E-Mail Writing

Your prompt response will help us finalize our Dear Ms. Priya Verma,
book order. Please let us know if additional I hope this e-mail finds you well. On behalf
information is required from our end. of XYZ School, I am writing to invite your
Thanking you, organization to conduct a seminar on Water
Riya Sharma Conservation, aimed at educating our students
Library Coordinator about the importance of saving water.
XYZ School We propose to hold the seminar on Thursday,
20th April 2025, at our school auditorium from
23. Write an e-mail to the manager of a local event 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Your expertise in
management company, requesting their assistance environmental causes and awareness campaigns
in organizing your school’s annual cultural would make the session highly impactful for our
program. students.
Please let us know if the proposed date works
Ans
for you or if you would like to suggest an
alternative. We look forward to collaborating
To events.manager@gmail.com
with you for this meaningful event.
Subject Request for Assistance in Organizing Thanking you,
Annual Cultural Program Meera Sharma
Dear Mr. Rajiv Malhotra, Environmental Club Coordinator
I hope this message finds you well. I am writing XYZ School
on behalf of XYZ School to request your
assistance in organizing our Annual Cultural 25. Write an e-mail to your teacher, seeking feedback
Program, scheduled for Saturday, 25th February on your English essay and asking for suggestions
2025, in our school auditorium. to improve its quality before submission.
We require help with stage setup, lighting, Ans
sound arrangements, and decoration to make
the event memorable. The program will include To neha.teacher@gmail.com
music, dance, and drama performances by our
students. Please let us know your availability, Subject Request for Feedback on English
service charges, and any additional information Essay
required to proceed. Dear Ms. Neha Sharma,
Your professional expertise would greatly I hope this e-mail finds you well. I am writing
enhance the quality of the event, and we look to request your feedback on the English essay
forward to your support. I have prepared on the topic “The Role of
Thanking you, Technology in Education.”
Riya Mehta While I have tried to include all the points
Cultural Secretary discussed in class, I feel there might be
XYZ School room for improvement in the structure and
argumentation. Could you kindly review my
24. Write an e-mail to a local environmental NGO, draft and suggest any changes to enhance its
inviting them to collaborate with your school in overall quality?
conducting a seminar on water conservation for I would appreciate your valuable input before
students. the submission deadline. Thank you for your
guidance and support.
Ans
Best regards,
Riya Sen
To contact.greenngo@gmail.com
Class 10-B
Subject Invitation to Conduct a Seminar on
Water Conservation 26. Write an e-mail to a local artist inviting him/
her to inaugurate the exhibition and be the Chief
Guest on the occasion.
Ans

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 81

help students understand the importance of Subject Request for Additional Math Classes
protecting wildlife and conserving natural Dear Mr. Anil Verma,
habitats. I hope you are doing well. I am writing to request
We believe your expertise and experience in this your help in scheduling some additional classes
field will inspire our students to take meaningful to prepare for the upcoming mathematics exam
steps toward environmental preservation. in May.
Kindly let us know if the proposed schedule is While I have been practicing regularly, I am
convenient or if any changes are required. struggling with coordinate geometry and
Thanking you, trigonometry. These topics seem particularly
Meera Kapoor challenging, and I feel I need more guidance
Environmental Club Coordinator to strengthen my understanding and solve
XYZ School problems confidently.
Please let me know if you can accommodate
12. Write an e-mail to the principal of your school, extra sessions over the next few weeks. I truly
requesting permission to organize a charity appreciate your support and dedication in
drive to support underprivileged children and helping us excel.
explaining the purpose of the initiative. Best regards,
Ans Aryan Kapoor
Class 10-A
To principal.xyzschool@gmail.com
Subject Request for Permission to Organize 14. Write an e-mail to the manager of a local sports
Charity Drive store, requesting a sponsorship for your school’s
Dear Dr. Ramesh Gupta, annual sports day and offering them promotional
I hope this message finds you well. I am writing benefits during the event.
to request your kind permission to organize Ans
a Charity Drive at our school to support
underprivileged children in our community. To manager.sportstore@gmail.com
The drive aims to collect donations in the form
of books, clothes, and stationery, which will Subject Request for Sponsorship for Annual
be distributed to children in need through the Sports Day
Hope Foundation. We propose to conduct this Dear Mr. Rohan Gupta,
event from 15th to 20th April 2025 in the school I hope this message finds you well. On behalf
lobby during lunch hours. of XYZ School, I am writing to request your
We believe this initiative will not only help the sponsorship for our Annual Sports Day,
underprivileged but also instill a sense of social scheduled for Friday, 28th April 2025, at the
responsibility among our students. Kindly grant school grounds.
us permission and share any suggestions you Your support will help us provide better
may have to make this a success. facilities for the event and inspire young athletes
Thanking you, to pursue excellence in sports. In return, we
Riya Sharma would be happy to promote your brand by
President, Social Service Club displaying banners, logos on event brochures,
XYZ School and announcements during the program.
Please let us know your sponsorship terms or if
13. Write an e-mail to your tuition teacher, requesting you would like to discuss this proposal further.
additional classes to prepare for an upcoming We look forward to your positive response.
mathematics exam and specifying your areas of Thanking you,
difficulty. Meera Kapoor
Sports Day Coordinator
Ans
XYZ School
To math.tutor@gmail.com

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Ch 4 : E-Mail Writing

8. Write an e-mail to a local NGO, requesting them Please provide us with the rates and terms of
to collaborate with your school for a cleanliness service at your earliest convenience. We would
drive in your city and emphasizing the importance greatly appreciate your cooperation in making
of the initiative. this trip enjoyable and safe for our students.
Ans Thanking you,
Riya Mehta
To contact.ngo@gmail.com Event Coordinator
XYZ School
Subject Request for Collaboration on
Cleanliness Drive
10. Write an e-mail promoting a special discount
Dear Mr. Rohan Sharma, on eco-friendly stationery products, encouraging
I hope this e-mail finds you well. On behalf customers to support sustainable living.
of XYZ School, I am writing to request your
collaboration for a Cleanliness Drive in our city, Ans
scheduled for Sunday, 2nd April 2025, from 9
a.m. to 12 p.m. To customers@ecostationery.com
This initiative aims to raise awareness about the Subject Save the Planet - Get 25% Off on
importance of keeping our surroundings clean Eco-Friendly Stationery!
and maintaining public hygiene. We believe
Dear Customer,
your NGO’s expertise and active involvement
We at EcoStationery are thrilled to announce a
in such causes will greatly enhance the impact
25% discount on all our eco-friendly stationery
of our event.
products! From bamboo pens and recycled
We look forward to working together to make
notebooks to biodegradable folders, our
this campaign successful. Kindly let us know
products are perfect for supporting sustainable
your availability and any additional details
living.
required from our side.
This special offer is valid until 30th April 2025.
Thanking you,
By choosing our eco-friendly products, you’re
Meera Kapoor
not just saving money-you’re contributing to a
Coordinator, Social Responsibility Club
greener planet!
XYZ School
Shop now at www.ecostationery.com and use
the code ECO25 at checkout. Let’s make small
9. Write an e-mail to the manager of a local changes today for a better tomorrow!
transport company, requesting them to arrange Warm regards,
buses for your school picnic and providing details Team EcoStationery
about the trip.
Ans 11. Write an e-mail to a local wildlife organization,
requesting them to conduct a seminar at your
To manager.transco@gmail.com school on the importance of wildlife conservation.
Subject Request for Bus Arrangement for Ans
School Picnic
Dear Mr. Ravi Malhotra, To info.wildlifeorg@gmail.com
I hope this e-mail finds you well. I am writing on Subject Request for Wildlife Conservation
behalf of XYZ School to request your assistance in Seminar at XYZ School
arranging transport for our Annual School Picnic,
Dear Ms. Priya Sharma,
scheduled for Monday, 10th April 2025.
I hope this message finds you well. On behalf
We require three buses to accommodate
of XYZ School, I am writing to request your
approximately 150 students and 10 staff members.
esteemed organization to conduct a seminar on
The picnic destination is Lakeview Park, which is
Wildlife Conservation for our students.
located 50 kilometers from our school. The buses
The seminar is proposed to be held on Friday,
will need to pick us up from the school at 8:00
21st April 2025, at our school auditorium from
a.m. and drop us back by 5:00 p.m.
10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. The session would

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 83

19. Write an e-mail to your school sports coach, asking 21. Write an e-mail to the principal of your school,
for suggestions on preparing for the upcoming requesting permission to organize a workshop on
inter-school football tournament and requesting time management for students before the final
extra practice sessions. exams.
Ans Ans

To coach.xyzschool@gmail.com To principal.xyzschool@gmail.com
Subject Request for Guidance on Football Subject Request for Permission to Organize
Tournament Preparation Time Management Workshop
Dear Mr. Amit Kapoor, Dear Dr. Ramesh Gupta,
I hope you are doing well. I am writing to seek I hope this e-mail finds you well. I am writing to
your advice on preparing for the upcoming request your kind permission to organize a Time
Inter-School Football Tournament, scheduled Management Workshop for students of Classes
for next month. 9 and 10 to help them prepare effectively for the
While our team has been practicing regularly, upcoming final exams.
we feel additional sessions focused on strategy The workshop aims to teach students how to
and stamina would greatly improve our prioritize tasks, create effective study schedules,
performance. Could you kindly guide us on the and avoid procrastination. We propose
areas we need to improve and arrange for extra conducting the session on Friday, 10th March
practice sessions over the next few weeks? 2025, in the school auditorium during the
Your guidance has always been invaluable to second half of the day.
us, and we are eager to make our school proud We believe this workshop will greatly benefit
under your mentorship. the students in managing their time better
Best regards, and reducing exam stress. Kindly let us know
Aryan Sharma your approval and any specific guidelines for
Football Team Captain organizing the session.
XYZ School Thanking you,
Aarav Mishra
20. Write an e-mail promoting a winter sale on school Class 10-B
supplies by a local stationery shop, encouraging
customers to avail themselves of discounts before 22. Write an e-mail to a publishing house, requesting
the offer ends. details about bulk purchasing of textbooks for
your school and inquiring about discounts for
Ans
educational institutions.
To customers@smartstationery.com Ans
Subject Winter Sale – Flat 30% Off on School
Supplies! To info.publishinghouse@gmail.com
Dear Valued Customer, Subject Inquiry About Bulk Purchase of
This winter, stock up on your favorite school Textbooks
supplies at unbeatable prices! Smart Stationery is Dear Mr. Ajay Mehra,
offering a flat 30% discount on all items, including I hope this message finds you well. On behalf
notebooks, pens, art supplies, and more. of XYZ School, I am writing to inquire about
Hurry, this special sale is valid from 1st January the bulk purchase of textbooks for the academic
to 15th January 2025. Visit us at 123 Main year 2025-26.
Street or shop online at www.smartstationery. We are particularly interested in your
com to make the most of this amazing offer. publications for English, Mathematics, and
Let’s make this school season more productive Science for Grades 8 to 10. Kindly share the
with quality supplies at discounted rates. Don’t pricing details for bulk orders and inform us if
miss out-grab your essentials today! any discounts or special offers are available for
Best wishes, educational institutions.
Team Smart Stationery

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Ch 4 : E-Mail Writing

15. Write an e-mail to the Head of Sports Authority, 17. Write an e-mail to your school librarian, requesting
requesting them to conduct a motivational session help in finding reference books and materials for
for young athletes at your school. an upcoming history project.
Ans Ans

To sports.authority@gmail.com To librarian.xyzschool@gmail.com

Subject Request for Motivational Session for Subject Request for Assistance in Finding
Young Athletes Reference Materials

Dear Ms. Kavita Sharma, Dear Mrs. Shalini Kapoor,

I hope this e-mail finds you well. On behalf I hope you are doing well. I am writing to request
of XYZ School, I am writing to request your your assistance in locating reference books and
esteemed organization to conduct a motivational materials for my upcoming history project on
session for young athletes at our school. “The Impact of the Industrial Revolution.”
We propose to hold the session on Friday, 10th I would appreciate it if you could guide me
March 2025, in the school auditorium. The event toward resources like encyclopedias, journals,
will aim to inspire students to pursue sports or specific history books that provide detailed
actively, understand discipline, and overcome information on this topic. Additionally, if any
challenges in their athletic journeys. digital materials are available, please let me
Your guidance and encouragement would leave know how to access them.
a lasting impact on our budding athletes. Thank you for your time and support. I
Kindly let us know your availability and any look forward to visiting the library at your
requirements for the session. convenience to go through the materials.
Thanking you, Best regards,
Aryan Kapoor Riya Sen
Sports Coordinator Class 10-B
XYZ School
18. Write an e-mail to the manager of a local
16. Write an e-mail to your friend, sharing details community hall, inquiring about the availability
about a school event you participated in and and charges for booking the hall for your school’s
describing your experience of the competition. farewell party.
Ans
Ans
To manager.communityhall@gmail.com
To myfriend.rahul@gmail.com Subject Inquiry About Hall Availability and
Charges
Subject Sharing My School Event Experience
Dear Mr. Rakesh Kumar,
Hi Rahul,
I hope this e-mail finds you well. On behalf of XYZ
I hope you’re doing great! I wanted to tell you
School, I am writing to inquire about the availability
about the Inter-House Quiz Competition I
of your Community Hall for our school’s Farewell
participated in last week-it was such an exciting
Party, scheduled for Saturday, 20th May 2025.
experience!
Could you please share details regarding the
Our team represented the Blue House, and we
availability, charges, and the facilities provided
had to face three other teams in a battle of
with the hall booking? We would also like to know
wits. The questions were tough, ranging from
about seating arrangements and any additional
general knowledge to science, but thankfully, we
costs for decorations or sound systems.
managed to do well. Guess what? We won first
Your prompt response would help us finalize
place! It felt amazing to be on stage and answer
our plans and proceed with the booking. Thank
the final tie-breaking question.
you for your assistance.
It was a day I’ll never forget. Let’s catch up
Best regards,
soon so I can tell you all the details in person.
Aarav Mishra
Cheers,
Cultural Secretary
Aditi
XYZ School

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 85

28. Write an e-mail promoting a free trial for an

To arundhati.artworks@gmail.com
online learning platform, encouraging students to
Subject Invitation to Inaugurate Art sign up and explore the benefits of e-learning.
Exhibition as Chief Guest
Ans
Dear Ms. Arundhati Roy,
I hope this message finds you well. On behalf of the
To subscribers@eduonline.com
Rising Artists’ Association, I am delighted to invite
you to inaugurate our upcoming art exhibition and Subject Start Your Free Trial – Explore
honor us as the Chief Guest for the occasion. E-Learning Today!
The exhibition, titled “Expressions of Life”, will Dear Student,
showcase the works of talented local artists and Are you ready to take your learning to the
will be held on Sunday, 25th February 2025, next level? EduOnline, your trusted e-learning
at the Harmony Art Gallery, Sector 12, New platform, is now offering a 7-day free trial to
Town. The program will commence at 4:00 help you explore a wide range of courses from
p.m., followed by a cultural evening. the comfort of your home.
Your inspiring presence would not only add grace With EduOnline, you can access interactive
to the event but also motivate the participating video lessons, practice quizzes, and expert
artists and art enthusiasts in attendance. We are support on subjects like mathematics, science,
confident that your insights and encouragement coding, and more. Our platform is designed to
will make the event truly memorable. make learning engaging and effective.
Please confirm your availability at your earliest Sign up for your free trial today at www.
convenience. We look forward to welcoming you eduonline.com and discover how e-learning can
to this special occasion. transform the way you study. Don’t miss out-
Thanking you, this offer is available for a limited time only!
Sneha Mukherjee Best wishes,
Event Coordinator Team EduOnline
Rising Artists’ Association
Phone: +91-98765xxxxx 29. Write an e-mail to your sports coach, asking for
Email: risingartists@gmail.com advice on improving your performance in athletics
and seeking a personalized training schedule.
27. Write an e-mail to your cousin, sharing your plans
Ans
for the summer vacation and inviting them to
visit your home for a fun holiday.
To coach.sports@gmail.com
Ans
Subject Request for Guidance on Improving
Athletic Performance
To rohan.cousin@gmail.com
Dear Mr. Amit Verma,
Subject Summer Vacation Plans
I hope this message finds you well. I am
Hi Rohan, writing to seek your guidance on improving my
I hope you’re doing great! I’m so excited about performance in athletics, particularly in the
the upcoming summer vacation and couldn’t 100-meter sprint and long jump events.
wait to share my plans with you. While I have been practicing regularly, I feel I
This year, I’ve planned a mix of activities, am not achieving the desired results. Could you
including visiting a wildlife sanctuary, going on kindly suggest some specific drills or techniques
a trek, and trying some cool DIY projects. It that might help me improve? Additionally,
would be amazing if you could visit us during the I would be grateful if you could assist me in
holidays. We could do all these fun things together creating a personalized training schedule to focus
and spend some quality time catching up. on my strengths and address my weaknesses.
Let me know if you can make it. I’m sure it’ll be Your advice and support have always been
a vacation to remember! invaluable, and I look forward to your guidance
Cheers, in helping me perform better in the upcoming
Aryan sports meet.

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Ch 4 : E-Mail Writing

32. Write an e-mail to your neighbor, inviting them

Best regards,
Aryan Sharma to a family gathering at your home and sharing
Class 10-A the details of the event.
Ans
30. Write an e-mail to your best friend, sharing
your excitement about a recent school event you To neighbor.mittal@gmail.com
participated in and inviting them to visit you
Subject Invitation to a Family Gathering
soon.
Dear Mrs. Mittal,
Ans I hope this e-mail finds you well. I am writing to
invite you and your family to a family gathering
To myfriend.aditi@gmail.com we are hosting at our home on Saturday, 18th
Subject Guess What Happened! March 2025, starting at 6:00 p.m.
The evening will include fun games, music, and
Hi Aditi,
a delicious dinner. We would love to have you
I hope you’re doing great! I couldn’t wait to tell
join us and spend some quality time together.
you about the amazing Annual Day Event at our
Your presence would truly make the occasion
school last week. I performed in a group dance,
special for us.
and guess what? We won first prize! It was such
Please let us know if you will be able to attend.
a thrilling experience, and the audience loved
We are looking forward to hosting you and your
our performance.
family!
I wish you were here to see it. Let’s plan for
Warm regards,
you to visit soon so we can catch up and have
Rohit Sharma
some fun. I’ll even show you the video of the
performance-I know you’ll love it!
33. Write an e-mail promoting an early bird discount
Take care and let me know when you’re free.
Cheers, for a summer camp organized by an adventure
Riya club, encouraging people to sign up before the
deadline.
31. Write an e-mail to your best friend, telling them Ans
about a recent adventure trip you went on and
sharing the most exciting parts of the experience. To subscribers@adventureclub.com
Ans Subject Early Bird Discount – Sign Up for
Summer Camp Now!
To mybestfriend@gmail.com Dear Adventurer,
Subject An Amazing Adventure Trip! Are you ready for an unforgettable summer?
Adventure Club is thrilled to announce its
Hi Riya,
Summer Adventure Camp 2025, packed with
I hope you’re doing well! I just got back from an
thrilling activities like trekking, camping, and
adventure trip to the mountains, and I couldn’t
river rafting!
wait to tell you all about it.
Register before 15th April 2025 to enjoy an
We trekked up to the stunning Mystic Falls,
early bird discount of 20%. The camp is open
which was the highlight of the trip. The climb
to participants aged 12–18 and will run from
was tough, but the breathtaking view from the
10th May to 15th May at the beautiful Mystic
top was totally worth it! We also went zip-lining
Valley.
and rock climbing, which were thrilling and a
Don’t miss out on this exciting opportunity
little scary at the same time.
to make memories, learn survival skills, and
It was such an unforgettable experience, and I
make new friends! Sign up today at www.
really wish you had been there with me. Let’s
adventureclub.com or call us at +91-98765xxxxx.
plan a trip together soon-it’ll be so much fun!
See you at the camp!
Cheers,
Team Adventure Club
Aditi

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 87

34. Write an e-mail to the local municipal authority, 36. Write an e-mail promoting a special workshop
requesting them to repair damaged streetlights on creative writing for students and encouraging
in your neighborhood to ensure safety and them to register for early bird discounts.
convenience for residents.
Ans
Ans

To municipal.authority@gmail.com To subscribers@writersacademy.com

Subject Request for Repair of Damaged Subject Unlock Your Creativity – Join Our
Streetlights Writing Workshop!

Dear Mr. Ajay Verma, Dear Student,

I hope this message finds you well. I am writing Are you passionate about storytelling and
on behalf of the residents of Greenwood Colony creative expression? The Writers’ Academy
to request immediate attention to the issue of is excited to announce a Creative Writing
damaged streetlights in our locality. Workshop, specially designed for young aspiring
Several streetlights, particularly on Main Road writers like you!
and Park Avenue, have been non-functional The workshop will be held online from 10th to
for weeks, leaving the area poorly lit during 14th May 2025, focusing on story development,
the night. This has raised concerns about the character building, and refining your writing
safety of pedestrians and the security of the style. Register before 30th April 2025 to enjoy
neighborhood. an early bird discount of 20%.
We kindly request you to arrange for the repair Don’t miss this opportunity to learn from
or replacement of the damaged lights at the expert mentors and bring your stories to life.
earliest. Your prompt action will be greatly Sign up today at www.writersacademy.com or
appreciated by the residents. contact us at +91-98765xxxxx for more details.
Thanking you, Happy Writing,
Rohit Sharma Team Writers’ Academy
Resident, Greenwood Colony
37. Write an e-mail to your best friend, describing
35. Write an e-mail to your cousin, inviting them to your experience of visiting a historical monument
join you on a family trip to the hills during the and sharing what you learned during the visit.
summer vacation and sharing your excitement. Ans
Ans
To myfriend.ayesha@gmail.com
To mycousin.ayesha@gmail.com
Subject My Visit to a Historical Monument
Subject Family Trip to the Hills – Join Us!
Hi Ayesha,
Hi Ayesha,
I hope you’re doing great! Last weekend, I
I hope you’re doing well! I’m so excited to share
visited the majestic Red Fort in Delhi, and it
that we’ve planned a family trip to the hills
was such an incredible experience. The fort is a
during the summer vacation, and we’d love for
perfect blend of history and architecture, and I
you to join us!
couldn’t help but imagine the stories that the
We’re heading to Manali from 15th to 20th
walls must hold.
May 2025, and the itinerary includes trekking,
I learned a lot about its significance during
visiting beautiful waterfalls, and exploring
India’s freedom struggle. The sound and light
the local markets. It’s going to be an amazing
show in the evening beautifully narrated
adventure, and your company would make it
the history of the Mughal era. It was truly
even more fun.
fascinating!
Let me know if you can make it so we can
I wish you had been there with me-it would
finalize the arrangements. I can’t wait to spend
have been even more fun. Let’s plan a trip
some quality time together amidst the serene
together soon.
mountains!
Cheers,
Cheers,
Aryan
Aryan

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Ch 4 : E-Mail Writing

38. Write an e-mail promoting a weekend photography

workshop for beginners, highlighting its features
and encouraging registrations before the deadline.
Ans
To subscribers@photoworkshops.com
Subject Weekend Photography Workshop –
Capture Your Passion!
Dear Photography Enthusiast,
Do you love capturing moments but want to
refine your skills? PhotoWorks Academy is
hosting a Weekend Photography Workshop for
beginners on Saturday and Sunday, 22nd-23rd
April 2025, at the City Art Center.
Learn the basics of camera settings, lighting
techniques, and composition from expert
photographers. Participants will also have
a hands-on outdoor photography session to
practice what they learn.
Register before 10th April 2025 to enjoy an
early bird discount of 15%. Limited seats are
available, so don’t miss this opportunity to turn
your passion into skill!
Sign up now at www.photoworks.com or contact
us at +91-98765xxxxx.
Happy Clicking,
Team PhotoWorks

39. Write an e-mail to your cousin, sharing your

excitement about a school trip to a wildlife
sanctuary and inviting them to join you on the
adventure.
Ans
To mycousin.kriti@gmail.com
Subject Excited About the Wildlife Sanctuary
Trip!
Hi Kriti,
I hope you’re doing great! I’m super excited about
our school trip to Jim Corbett Wildlife Sanctuary
next month and couldn’t wait to tell you about it.
We’ll be exploring the forest, going on a safari,
and learning about different species of wildlife.
It’s going to be such an adventure, and I was
wondering if you’d like to join us! I’m sure it
will be a fantastic experience, and we’ll have so
much fun together.
Let me know what you think. I’ll send you all
the details.
Cheers,
Aryan

www.nodia.i

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 89

CHAPTER
5
Comprehension

INTRODUCTIO question is worth 1 mark.

(iv) Summary Writing: This part carries 8 marks,
requiring you to summarize a specific section
Comprehension is a fundamental skill in English
of the passage in 50 words.
language learning, focusing on understanding
2. Guidelines for Answering
and interpreting a given text. It tests a student’s
(i) Read the passage carefully multiple times to
ability to read carefully, analyze details, and
fully understand its meaning.
extract relevant information. The chapter on
(ii) Answers should be concise and to the point,
Comprehension equips students with strategies to
avoiding unnecessary details.
identify the main ideas, infer meanings, and answer
(iii) Always use your own words unless quoting
questions precisely. In the ICSE Class 10 English
from the passage is explicitly asked.
Language Paper, comprehension passage is designed
(iv) Maintain a balance between textual language
to assess clarity in thought, logical reasoning, and
and your unique presentation.
concise expression. Mastering this skill requires
(v) Ensure your answers align with the tense and
careful reading, an understanding of context, and
tone of the question.
the ability to respond accurately to the given
3. Summary Writing Instructions
prompts, reflecting a thorough grasp of the text.
(i) Start with a rough draft where key points are
listed in bullet format.
(ii) Edit the rough draft to finalize a coherent
P OINTS TO REMEMBER and concise summary of 50 words.
(iii) Use a grid format for the fair copy, with one
Comprehension questions are designed to test word per box. Articles, hyphenated words,
your ability to understand, interpret, and express and proper nouns with titles should be
information accurately from a given passage. written in one box.
To perform well in this section, it is essential (iv) Avoid using abbreviations, repeating points,
to follow a structured approach and adhere to or including direct speech.
specific guidelines. Below are the key points to (v) Passive voice is preferred, but not mandatory.
keep in mind while preparing and answering Ensure logical connections between points.
comprehension questions: (vi) Do not include any information not mentioned
1. Understanding the Marking Scheme in the passage.
Comprehension questions in the ICSE English 4. Fair Copy Rules
Language Paper are divided into four parts: (i) The fair copy should have no corrections or
(i) Vocabulary (Synonyms): Two words from scratches.
the passage are highlighted, and you need to (ii) All spelling, grammar, and punctuation must
choose the closest meaning from the options. be correct.
Each correct answer carries 1 mark. (iii) Maintain simplicity and clarity in your
(ii) Vocabulary (Antonyms): One word from writing style.
the passage is highlighted, and you need to (iv) The rough draft may or may not be canceled,
select the opposite meaning from the options based on specific instructions.
provided. This carries 1 mark. (v) By following these detailed points, students
(iii) Short Answer Questions: A total of five can approach comprehension questions with
questions are asked, carrying 9 marks. Four clarity, precision, and confidence, ensuring
questions are worth 2 marks each, and one optimal performance.

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

E XAMPLES closer together. People who had only exchanged

polite greetings now worked as a team, sharing
stories and laughter under the shade of the mango
1. Read the following passage carefully and answer tree. Ravi felt a deep sense of fulfillment, knowing
the questions that follow: the tree his wife had planted was not just a source
On the outskirts of a bustling city, there was a of fruit but also a symbol of unity and resilience.
quiet neighborhood known for its colorful gardens Years later, Ravi’s story and the fight to
and tall mango trees. Among the homes stood save the mango tree became a lesson for younger
a modest little house owned by an elderly man generations. It reminded them of the value of
named Ravi. Ravi, a retired schoolteacher, spent community, the importance of preserving nature,
his days tending to his garden and writing short and the power of standing together for a common
stories. His garden was famous for its vibrant cause.
flowers and a single mango tree that had been Questions :
planted by his late wife years ago.
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct
Every summer, the tree bore sweet, golden
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
mangoes that became the talk of the neighborhood.
provided: [2]
Children would eagerly wait for the season when
(i) modest (line 4)
Ravi would allow them to pluck the mangoes.
(a) luxurious
Instead of selling the fruit, Ravi gave it away for
(b) humble
free, saying, “These mangoes are a gift from the
(c) large
tree, and gifts should be shared.”
(d) ordinary
One summer, however, things took a different
(ii) resilience (line 21)
turn. A construction company began work on a
(a) fragility
nearby plot of land. Their heavy machines caused
(b) strength
vibrations that damaged the roots of the mango
(c) hesitation
tree. Ravi noticed that the tree was shedding its
(d) patience
leaves and the mangoes were fewer and smaller.
Worried, he approached the company’s manager (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
and explained the problem, but his concerns were ‘dismissed’ ? [1]
dismissed. (i) ignored
Determined to save the tree, Ravi turned (ii) accepted
to his neighbors for help. He shared the story (iii) rejected
of how his wife had planted the tree and how it (iv) avoided
had brought joy to the neighborhood for years. (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
Inspired by his words, the neighbors joined own words:
hands with Ravi. Together, they wrote petitions, (i) Why was Ravi’s mango tree special to the
contacted local authorities, and even held a neighborhood? [2]
peaceful demonstration near the construction site. (ii) What caused the mango tree to suffer, and
The story of Ravi’s mango tree spread how did Ravi respond? [2]
quickly. A journalist wrote an article about the (iii) How did the neighbors contribute to saving
neighborhood’s fight to save the tree, and it the tree? [2]
gained widespread attention. Environmentalists (iv) What was the outcome of the neighborhood’s
supported the cause, highlighting the importance efforts to save the tree? [1]
of preserving urban greenery. Eventually, the (v) What lessons did the story of Ravi’s mango
construction company was forced to change its tree teach? [2]
plans to protect the tree.
(d) Summarise how Ravi and his neighborhood saved
Though the tree had suffered, Ravi and his
the mango tree and its impact on their community
neighbors nurtured it back to health. They took
in about 50 words. [8]
turns watering it, enriching the soil, and ensuring
it grew strong again. The next summer, the tree Ans
bore mangoes once more, and Ravi resumed his (a) (i) (b) humble
tradition of sharing them with everyone. The word “modest” in the passage describes
The experience brought the neighborhood Ravi’s house, implying that it was simple

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 91

and unpretentious rather than luxurious or School organized a massive plastic waste cleanup
large. “Humble” fits this meaning best, while drive that made headlines in the city of Rivertown.
“luxurious,” “large,” and “ordinary” do not This initiative, spearheaded by the school’s Eco
accurately capture the intended sense. Club, was part of their ongoing campaign, “Say
(ii) (b) strength No to Plastic,” aimed at reducing single-use
“Resilience” refers to the ability to recover plastics and promoting sustainable practices in
from difficulties or setbacks. In the passage, the community.
it highlights how the mango tree and the Over 200 students participated in the cleanup
neighborhood overcame adversity. “Strength” drive, targeting the Rivertown Riverbank, which
correctly conveys this meaning, while had become heavily polluted with plastic waste
“fragility” is the opposite, and “hesitation” over the years. Carrying gloves, garbage bags,
and “patience” do not fit in this context. and immense enthusiasm, the students worked
tirelessly under the guidance of their teachers
(b) (ii) accepted and local volunteers. Within a day, they collected
The word “dismissed” means to reject over 1,500 kilograms of plastic waste, including
or disregard something. The opposite of bottles, wrappers, and broken household items.
“dismissed” is “accepted,” which means Speaking to the local newspaper, 16-year-old
to acknowledge or approve something. Priya, the president of the Eco Club, said, “We
“Ignored”, “rejected” and “avoided” are realized the damage plastic waste was causing to
similar in meaning to “dismissed” rather than our environment and decided to act. This isn’t just
being its opposite. about cleaning up today; it’s about encouraging
(c) (i) Ravi’s mango tree was special because it people to reduce plastic use every day.”
was planted by his late wife, bore sweet The students didn’t stop at just cleaning the
mangoes every summer, and brought joy riverbank. They sorted the collected waste into
to the neighborhood. recyclable and non-recyclable categories and
(ii) The construction company’s activities handed it over to the local recycling plant. They
damaged the tree’s roots, but Ravi rallied also distributed pamphlets to residents, educating
his neighbors to fight for its preservation. them about the harmful effects of plastic on the
(iii) Neighbors helped by signing petitions, environment. The pamphlets highlighted the
contacting authorities, holding dangers of plastic pollution, such as its impact on
demonstrations, and nurturing the tree marine life, soil fertility, and human health.
back to health. The school principal, Mr. Verma, praised the
(iv) The tree was saved, and it recovered, students for their initiative. “This generation is
becoming a vibrant symbol of the showing us what true leadership and responsibility
neighborhood’s unity. look like,” he said. “Their actions inspire not just
(v) The story taught the value of preserving their peers but the entire community to take steps
nature, the strength of community, and toward a cleaner, greener future.”
the importance of working together for a The drive also attracted the attention of the
cause. Rivertown Municipality. The mayor commended
(d) Ravi and his neighbors saved the mango the students for their efforts and announced plans
tree by uniting against its destruction. Their to install more public recycling bins around the
efforts protected the tree, restored its health, city. She also promised stricter enforcement of the
and strengthened their bonds. The mango city’s ban on single-use plastics.
tree became a lasting symbol of community Several local businesses joined the campaign
resilience and environmental responsibility, by pledging to reduce plastic packaging and
inspiring future generations to cherish nature use biodegradable alternatives. A café near the
and stand together for common goals. riverbank even introduced discounts for customers
who bring their own reusable cups.
2. Read the following passage carefully and answer What makes this story remarkable is the
the questions that follow: ripple effect it created. Inspired by Greenfield
“Local School Students Lead the Way in Tackling High’s initiative, other schools in the city are now
Plastic Waste” planning similar cleanup drives and workshops
Last week, students from Greenfield High on sustainable living. The students’ actions

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

have sparked a citywide conversation about the a project. In the passage, it describes the
importance of environmental responsibility. students’ effort to tackle plastic waste.
The Eco Club has bigger plans for the future. “Hesitation” (a) and “resistance” (d) mean
Priya revealed that the club is working on a reluctance to act, which is the opposite of
proposal for a community composting program initiative, while “failure” (c) is incorrect since
and organizing tree-planting events. “We want to the students succeeded in their efforts.
show that small steps can lead to big changes,” (ii) (a) promising
she said. “Pledging” means making a firm commitment
As Rivertown begins its journey toward a or promise. In the passage, local businesses
greener tomorrow, the students of Greenfield “pledged” to reduce plastic packaging,
High School have proven that young people can meaning they promised to do so. “Avoiding”
lead the way in tackling some of the world’s most (b), “ignoring” (c), and “hesitating” (d) do
pressing issues. not fit the meaning in this context.
Questions :
(b) (i) increase
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct “Reduce” means to make something
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options smaller or lessen its impact. The opposite is
provided: [2] “increase,” which means to make something
(i) initiative (line 54) larger. “Minimize” (ii) and “lower” (iii)
(a) hesitation are synonyms of “reduce,” while “control”
(b) action (iv) means to manage but does not directly
(c) failure oppose “reduce.”
(d) resistance
(ii) pledging (line 48) (c) (i) The goal was to reduce plastic waste,
(a) promising clean the Rivertown Riverbank, and
(b) avoiding promote sustainable practices in the
(c) ignoring community.
(d) hesitating (ii) The students sorted the waste into
recyclable and non-recyclable categories
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of and sent it to a recycling plant.
‘reduce’ ? [1]
(iii) The Rivertown Municipality promised
(i) increase
more recycling bins and stricter
(ii) minimize
enforcement of the single-use plastic ban.
(iii) lower
(iv) Local businesses pledged to reduce plastic
(iv) control
packaging and adopt biodegradable
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your alternatives.
own words: (v) The Eco Club plans to launch a
(i) What was the goal of the cleanup drive community composting program and
organized by Greenfield High School? [2] organize tree-planting events.
(ii) How did the students ensure the plastic waste (d) The students of Greenfield High organized a
was handled responsibly? [2] cleanup drive that removed 1,500 kilograms of
(iii) What actions did the Rivertown Municipality plastic waste, inspired sustainable practices,
take after the cleanup drive? [2] and involved the municipality and businesses.
(iv) How did local businesses contribute to the Their efforts raised awareness about plastic
campaign? [1] pollution, encouraged recycling, and sparked
(v) What future plans does the Eco Club have? environmental initiatives citywide, proving
[2] the power of youth in creating a greener
(d) Summarise how the students of Greenfield High future.
School made a difference in Rivertown through
3. Read the following passage carefully and answer
their cleanup drive, in about 50 words. [8]
the questions that follow:
Ans In the quiet village of Lumora, nestled between
(a) (i) (b) action rolling hills, there lived a young boy named Zian.
“Initiative” refers to taking action or leading Zian was unlike the other children in the village.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 93

While they spent their days playing games, Zian tools. “Use these to keep creating,” he said. “You
loved to sit under an ancient banyan tree at the have a rare talent, and the world needs to see it.”
edge of the village, sketching the birds and animals Zian waved goodbye, his heart full of
that came to drink from the nearby stream. gratitude. From that day on, he balanced his
One day, while sketching a rare bird with duties in the fields with his passion for art,
vibrant blue feathers, Zian noticed an old man eventually becoming known as Lumora’s finest
watching him from a distance. The man wore a artist. Zian’s story reminded the villagers that
long cloak and carried a staff carved with intricate sometimes, all it takes is one person’s belief to
designs. “Your sketches are impressive,” the man awaken the potential within.
said, approaching Zian. “You have the eyes of an Questions :
artist.” (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
Zian smiled shyly and said, “Thank you, but meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
it’s just a hobby.” The old man chuckled and provided: [2]
introduced himself as Master Kael, a traveling (i) intricate (line 11)
craftsman who had come to Lumora to trade his (a) simple
handmade tools and trinkets. (b) detailed
Master Kael asked Zian to show him more of (c) rough
his sketches, and as he flipped through the pages (d) plain
of Zian’s notebook, his expression turned serious. (ii) potential (line 65)
“These are not just drawings,” he said. “You have (a) weakness
a gift, Zian. Have you ever thought of becoming (b) opportunity
an artist?” (c) talent
Zian hesitated. “I’ve thought about it, but (d) effort
I’m not sure if I’m good enough. Besides, my
family needs me to work in the fields.” (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
Master Kael placed a reassuring hand on ‘departed’ ? [1]
Zian’s shoulder. “A true artist doesn’t wait for (i) arrived
the right moment. They create it. If you’re willing (ii) left
to learn, I can teach you how to bring your art (iii) vanished
to life.” (iv) moved
Over the next few weeks, Zian spent his (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
evenings learning from Master Kael. He discovered own words:
new techniques for shading, perspective, and even (i) What made Zian different from the other
carving intricate designs onto wood. Master Kael children in Lumora? [2]
also taught him how to find inspiration in the (ii) How did Master Kael help Zian develop his
smallest details, like the way sunlight danced on skills? [2]
the surface of the stream or how the wind rustled (iii) What was the special project Zian worked on,
through the trees. and how did it impact the villagers? [2]
As Zian’s skills improved, Master Kael (iv) What gift did Master Kael leave for Zian, and
suggested they work on a special project: a carved why was it important? [1]
wooden panel that depicted the story of Lumora’s (v) What lesson does Zian’s story teach? [2]
founding. The villagers, curious about their work,
(d) Summarise how Zian discovered and pursued his
often gathered around to watch the carving take
artistic talent with the help of Master Kael, in
shape. For Zian, it was the first time he felt that
about 50 words. [8]
his art could truly connect with others.
When the panel was complete, it was unveiled Ans
in the village square. The intricate design and (a) (i) (b) detailed
lifelike details left everyone speechless. The village “Intricate” refers to something that has
elder, moved by the depiction of Lumora’s history, complex and detailed patterns or designs. In
declared it a treasure that would be passed down the passage, Master Kael’s staff is described
for generations. as having “intricate designs,” meaning it was
Master Kael prepared to leave Lumora, but finely detailed rather than simple (a), rough
before he departed, he gave Zian a set of carving (c), or plain (d).

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

(ii) What did the king ask Ratan to create first, E XERCISE (SOLVED)
and how was it received? [2]
(iii) Why did the golden thread vanish? [2]
(iv) What lesson did the king learn from this 1. Read the following passage carefully and answer
experience? [1] the questions that follow:
(v) How did Ratan use his skills after the thread The summer sun was setting, casting a golden
disappeared? [2] glow over the river that flowed through the
village. On its banks sat Anaya, a young girl
(d) Summarise how Ratan’s magical gift and the
with an infectious smile, weaving garlands out of
king’s greed led to important lessons for both of
wildflowers. Beside her sat her younger brother,
them, in about 50 words. [8]
Rohan, carefully placing each garland into a small
Ans wicker basket. Their mother, Meera, was preparing
(a) (i) (b) delicate dinner in the small hut nearby, humming a tune
“Frail” describes someone who is weak or that drifted gently on the evening breeze.
delicate. In the passage, the old woman is Anaya and Rohan belonged to a family of
described as frail, meaning she appeared weavers, known for their skill in making vibrant
physically weak. fabrics. However, their father’s untimely death
had left the family struggling to make ends meet.
(ii) (a) threatened Anaya, the eldest, took up odd jobs during the
“Loomed” means something that appears in day to support her family, but in the evenings, she
a large or threatening way. In the passage, found solace in weaving garlands. She would sell
Ratan knew he had no choice because the these garlands at the village market, earning just
king’s threat loomed over him, meaning it enough to keep the household running.
was a danger he could not ignore. That day, as she tied the last garland, Anaya
(b) (i) sorrow noticed an elderly man standing by the river,
“Delight” means great joy or pleasure. The watching her intently. He had a kind face, and
opposite of this would be “sorrow” (i), which though his clothes were simple, there was an
means sadness or grief. air of dignity about him. The man approached
(c) (i) The old woman gave Ratan a spool of her, holding out a few coins. “These garlands
golden thread that brought whatever he are beautiful, my child,” he said, picking up one
wove to life. adorned with jasmine. “Do you make them every
(ii) The king asked Ratan to create a magical day?”
garden, which delighted him and earned “Yes,” Anaya replied shyly, “but only in the
Ratan a reward. evenings after my work is done.” She explained
how weaving garlands had become a small
(iii) The golden thread vanished because the
source of income for her family. The man nodded
king’s greed pushed its magic beyond its
thoughtfully and left with the jasmine garland,
limit.
but not before blessing her with a kind smile.
(iv) The king learned to avoid greed and rule
The following evening, as Anaya and Rohan
justly.
prepared their garlands again, a small crowd
(v) Ratan used his weaving skills to bring
gathered near their hut. The elderly man had
happiness to his village in a simple,
returned, but this time, he was accompanied by
honest way.
a few villagers. “I told them about your beautiful
(d) Ratan’s magical thread brought creations garlands,” he said, “and they wish to buy some
to life, but the king’s greed led to its for the upcoming festival.”
disappearance. Both learned valuable Overwhelmed by the sudden attention, Anaya
lessons: Ratan understood the importance quickly assembled garlands for the villagers.
of moderation, while the king realized that She sold every last one and earned more that
wisdom and fairness are greater than wealth. evening than she had in a week. As the villagers
Their story remains a reminder of the dangers left, the elderly man stayed behind. “Hard work
of greed and the power of restraint. and kindness never go unnoticed,” he said. “You
remind me of my own daughter, who faced similar
struggles but persevered with courage.”

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 95

Questions : (b) (i) calm

“Stormy” refers to turbulent or rough weather,
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct while “calm” (i) is its opposite, meaning
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options peaceful and still. “Windy” (ii), “turbulent”
provided: [2] (iii), and “rough” (iv) all describe storm-like
(i) etched (line 7) conditions rather than being opposites of
(a) carved “stormy.”
(b) erased
(c) painted (c) (i) Tanishi’s grandfather told her the golden
(d) polished conch was a legendary object blessed by
(ii) unforgiving (line 13) the sea goddess, capable of granting a
(a) harsh pure-hearted wish.
(b) kind (ii) Tanishi wished for calm seas and safe
(c) lenient journeys for the fishermen, whispering
(d) weak her wish to the conch and placing it in
the water.
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of (iii) The sea calmed, fishermen’s nets
‘stormy’ ? [1] overflowed with fish, and the winds
(i) calm became steady and favorable.
(ii) windy
(iv) The villagers gathered at the beach to
(iii) turbulent
share stories and dreams, inspired by
(iv) rough
Tanishi’s selflessness and the legend of
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your the golden conch.
own words: (v) For Tanishi, the golden conch symbolized
(i) What made Tanishi believe the golden conch harmony between people and nature,
was special? [2] inspiring her to dedicate her life to ocean
(ii) What did Tanishi wish for, and how did she conservation.
make her wish? [2] (d) Tanishi’s discovery of the golden conch
(iii) How did the sea respond after Tanishi made brought peace and prosperity to her town,
her wish? [2] calming the seas and uniting the villagers.
(iv) Why did the villagers gather at the beach Inspired by the conch’s symbolic power,
after hearing Tanishi’s story? [1] Tanishi pursued a lifelong commitment to
(v) What did the golden conch symbolize for protecting the ocean, showing how one selfless
Tanishi as she grew older? [2] act can create lasting harmony and hope.
(d) Summarise how Tanishi’s discovery of the golden
5. Read the following passage carefully and answer
conch impacted her town and influenced her life,
the questions that follow:
in about 50 words. [8]
Jane Austen, one of the most beloved authors
Ans in English literature, was born on December 16,
(a) (i) (a) carved 1775, in Steventon, Hampshire, England. She was
“Etched” means something that has been the seventh of eight children in a lively family.
engraved or inscribed onto a surface. In the Her father, George Austen, was a clergyman who
passage, the patterns on the golden conch encouraged his children to read and write, while
are described as “etched along its curves,” her mother, Cassandra, was known for her wit and
meaning they were carved into the shell rather storytelling. Jane’s family played a significant role
than erased (b), painted (c), or polished (d). in shaping her creativity and love for literature.
From a young age, Jane displayed a talent for
(ii) (a) harsh
writing. She began crafting short stories, plays,
“Unforgiving” refers to something that
and satirical pieces to entertain her family. These
is severe and does not show mercy. In the
early works, later called Juvenilia, showcased her
passage, the sea is described as “unforgiving,”
humor, intelligence, and sharp observation of
meaning it is harsh and dangerous, rather
human behavior. Her childhood was filled with
than kind (b), lenient (c), or weak (d).
opportunities to read extensively and engage in
discussions, which honed her skills as a writer.

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

(ii) (c) talent sit for hours, imagining the journey a shell might
“Potential” refers to an ability or talent that is have taken through the vast ocean before arriving
not yet fully developed but has the possibility at her feet.
of growth. The passage states that Zian’s story One morning, while walking along the beach
reminded the villagers about awakening the after a fierce storm, Tanishi stumbled upon an
potential within, meaning discovering hidden unusual discovery. Half-buried in the sand was a
talent rather than weakness (a), opportunity golden conch shell, gleaming in the sunlight. Its
(b), or effort (d). surface was smooth and shone like polished metal.
(b) (i) arrived Tanishi picked it up carefully and noticed strange
“Departed” means “left” or “went away,” so patterns etched along its curves.
its opposite is “arrived” (i), which means to Curious, she showed the conch to her
come to a place. “Left” (ii) is a synonym, grandfather, an old sailor who had traveled far
and “vanished” (iii) and “moved” (iv) do not and wide. His eyes widened as he examined it.
convey the opposite meaning clearly. “This is no ordinary conch, Tanishi,” he said.
“Legends speak of a golden conch that carries the
(c) (i) Zian loved to sketch birds and animals, blessings of the sea goddess. It is said to grant a
finding beauty in nature, unlike other wish to those who find it, but only if their heart
children who spent their time playing is pure.”
games. Tanishi was skeptical but intrigued. “What
(ii) Master Kael taught Zian advanced artistic would you wish for if it were true?” she asked her
techniques like shading, perspective, grandfather. He smiled wistfully. “I’d wish for the
and wood carving, helping him find fishermen of Soreya to have safer journeys. The
inspiration in everyday details. sea can be unforgiving, but this town depends on
(iii) Zian worked on a carved panel depicting it for survival.”
Lumora’s history, which connected with That evening, as the stars lit up the sky,
the villagers and became a treasured Tanishi took the golden conch to the water’s
artifact. edge. Holding it tightly, she closed her eyes and
(iv) Master Kael gifted Zian a set of carving whispered, “I wish for calm seas and safety for all
tools, symbolizing his belief in Zian’s who sail.” She then placed the conch back into
talent and encouraging him to keep the water and watched as it disappeared beneath
creating. the waves.
(v) Zian’s story teaches the importance of The next day, news spread through the town
recognizing and nurturing one’s talent of an extraordinary change. Fishermen reported
and how a mentor’s belief can inspire that the stormy waters had calmed, and their
greatness. nets were fuller than ever before. The once-fickle
(d) Zian discovered his artistic potential with the winds now seemed to guide their sails with gentle
guidance of Master Kael, who taught him precision.
techniques and encouraged him to embrace Tanishi’s grandfather was overjoyed, but he
his talent. Their collaborative project noticed that Tanishi never mentioned the golden
brought the community together and gave conch again. When he asked, she simply smiled
Zian confidence. Zian’s journey shows the and said, “Perhaps the sea decided to be kind.”
transformative power of mentorship and self- The story of the golden conch spread across
belief in unlocking hidden abilities. Soreya, and Tanishi became known as the girl
who brought peace to the sea. She continued
to collect shells, each one reminding her of the
conch and its silent power. The beach became a
4. Read the following passage carefully and answer gathering place, where the villagers shared stories
the questions that follow: and dreams, inspired by Tanishi’s selflessness.
In the bustling coastal town of Soreya, there lived Years later, when Tanishi grew up and
a young girl named Tanishi, who spent her days became a marine biologist, she dedicated her life
collecting seashells by the shore. Unlike the other to protecting the ocean. For her, the golden conch
children, who saw the shells as mere trinkets, was not just a legend but a symbol of the harmony
Tanishi believed each shell had a story. She would that could exist between people and nature.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 97

(i), which means being unknown or not performing them. Kindness triggers the release
widely recognized. “Fame” (ii), “recognition” of endorphins and oxytocin, the “feel-good”
(iii), and “respect” (iv) are all synonyms of hormones, reducing stress and increasing overall
popularity rather than antonyms. happiness.
(c) (i) Jane Austen’s father encouraged reading In society, kindness plays a crucial role in
and writing, and her family’s lively building strong and meaningful relationships.
discussions and storytelling nurtured her When people are kind to one another, they foster
creativity. trust and understanding, which are essential for
(ii) Jane published anonymously to avoid harmony and cooperation. A workplace where
societal prejudice against women writers, kindness is encouraged often sees better teamwork,
a common practice in her time. improved morale, and higher productivity.
Similarly, communities built on mutual support
(iii) Austen explored love, social class,
and kindness are more resilient during tough
personal growth, and the struggles of
times.
women balancing societal expectations
Kindness is particularly important in
with happiness.
resolving conflicts. A kind word or gesture can
(iv) Elizabeth Bennet is significant for her wit,
diffuse tension and pave the way for constructive
independence, and ability to challenge
dialogue. It allows individuals to see things from
societal norms, making her a strong role
another’s perspective and work toward solutions
model.
that benefit everyone. In this way, kindness has
(v) Jane Austen’s legacy endures through
the power to break down barriers and promote
adaptations of her novels and their
unity.
timeless themes, which continue to inspire
Despite its importance, kindness is not always
readers and reflect human nature.
easy to practice. It requires patience, humility,
(d) Jane Austen’s novels, such as Pride and and a conscious effort to put others before oneself.
Prejudice, blend romance and social In moments of anger or frustration, choosing to
commentary, addressing themes of love respond with kindness instead of hostility can be
and women’s struggles. Despite societal challenging, but it is often the most effective way
challenges, she achieved lasting fame. Her to resolve issues and maintain peace.
works, celebrated for their wit and realism, Teaching kindness from an early age can
remain relevant, inspiring readers and shape the next generation into compassionate
adaptations worldwide, solidifying her place individuals. Parents, educators, and role models
among the greatest authors in history. play a significant role in instilling this value in
6. Read the following passage carefully and answer children. Stories, lessons, and real-life examples
the questions that follow: of kindness can inspire young minds to adopt this
Kindness is one of the most underrated yet quality and carry it into adulthood.
powerful qualities that a person can possess. In Ultimately, kindness is not just a moral choice
today’s fast-paced world, where competition and but a necessity for a better world. It strengthens
self-interest often take precedence, the value of bonds, heals wounds, and spreads positivity. In a
being kind to others is sometimes overlooked. world that often feels divided, kindness serves as
However, acts of kindness, no matter how small, a reminder of our shared humanity. When people
have the potential to create a ripple effect that choose to be kind, they create a chain reaction of
transforms not only the lives of those who receive goodwill, proving that even small acts can lead to
it but also the lives of those who practice it. big changes.
Kindness comes in many forms. It could be Questions :
as simple as holding the door open for someone, (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
offering a genuine compliment, or helping a meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
stranger in need. It doesn’t require wealth or provided: [2]
special skills; all it demands is empathy and a (i) precedence (line 2)
willingness to make someone else’s day a little (a) delay
better. Studies have shown that acts of kindness (b) priority
not only bring joy to others but also boost the (c) hesitation
mental and emotional well-being of the person (d) indifference

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

(c) (i) Education benefits individuals by boy named Aarav. The note said, “I feel lonely
providing skills and opportunities and and invisible. My parents are busy, and I have no
helps society by fostering harmony, friends. I don’t know who to talk to, but I hope
innovation, and progress. someone will listen.”
(ii) Education is an equalizer because it Veer was deeply moved by Aarav’s words.
offers opportunities to people from all Instead of ignoring the letter, he decided to reply.
backgrounds, helping them overcome That evening, he wrote back, offering kind words
challenges like poverty. of encouragement and sharing stories of his own
(iii) Barriers to education include poverty, childhood. He signed the letter, “Your Friend,
conflict, lack of resources, and gender Veer,” and left it in Aarav’s mailbox the next day.
inequality, especially in developing Over the weeks, Veer and Aarav exchanged
countries. letters regularly. Through their correspondence,
(iv) Education raises awareness and Aarav began to feel less alone. Veer encouraged
encourages sustainable practices to him to join the town library, take up painting,
address global issues like climate change. and participate in local events. Slowly, Aarav’s
(v) Investing in education transforms lives, confidence grew, and he started making friends.
empowers communities, and creates a Word of Veer’s kindness spread through
more just and progressive world. Nainapur. Inspired by his actions, other residents
(d) Education shapes individuals by fostering began to reach out to those in need, offering
knowledge, skills, and values and transforms support and companionship. The town grew
society by promoting equality, economic closer, with neighbors helping each other in times
growth, and social justice. While access to of difficulty.
education faces challenges, investing in it Years later, when Veer retired, the town
is essential for building a harmonious and gathered to celebrate his service. Aarav, now a
sustainable future, empowering people to young man, gave a heartfelt speech, thanking
contribute meaningfully to global progress. Veer for changing his life. “You didn’t just deliver
letters,” Aarav said, “you delivered hope.”
8. Read the following passage carefully and answer Even after retirement, Veer’s legacy lived on.
the questions that follow: His story became a reminder that small acts of
In the small town of Nainapur, nestled among kindness could make a big difference, and that
the hills, lived a man named Veer. Veer was a sometimes, listening to someone is the greatest
postman, known for his dedication to his work and gift you can give.
his kindness toward everyone in the community. Questions :
For more than 30 years, he delivered letters, (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
parcels, and messages to the town’s residents. meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
But Veer was no ordinary postman. He believed provided: [2]
that his job wasn’t just about delivering letters; it (i) dedication (line 3)
was about bringing people together and spreading (a) laziness
hope. (b) commitment
Every morning, Veer set out on his bicycle, (c) hesitation
a brown leather bag slung over his shoulder. (d) distraction
He knew every street, every house, and every (ii) invisible (line 26)
person in Nainapur. He remembered birthdays, (a) ignored
anniversaries, and special occasions, often adding (b) seen
a small flower or a handwritten note to the letters (c) noticeable
he delivered. For many residents, Veer was more (d) forgotten
than a postman-he was a friend, a confidant, and
sometimes even a counselor. (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
One rainy afternoon, Veer received a letter ‘encouragement’ ? [1]
at the post office addressed to “Someone Who (i) motivation
Cares.” The envelope was old and creased, with (ii) criticism
no return address. Curious, Veer opened the (iii) support
letter and found a heartfelt note from a young (iv) inspiration

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 99

as an equalizer, offering opportunities to people (ii) harmony (line 7)

from all backgrounds. For example, a child from a (a) conflict
poor family, given the chance to study, can grow (b) unity
up to become a successful professional, breaking (c) disorder
the cycle of poverty. (d) chaos
Education is also a driving force for economic (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
development. A skilled and knowledgeable ‘inequality’ ? [1]
workforce is essential for innovation and (i) harmony
productivity. Countries with strong education (ii) fairness
systems often experience greater economic growth (iii) equality
because their citizens can adapt to changes in (iv) respect
technology and global trends. Furthermore,
education fosters entrepreneurship, enabling (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
individuals to create businesses that generate own words:
employment and drive progress. (i) How does education benefit individuals and
However, access to education remains a society? [2]
challenge in many parts of the world. Millions of (ii) Why is education considered an equalizer? [2]
children, especially in developing countries, are (iii) What challenges prevent access to education
denied the chance to attend school due to poverty, in some parts of the world? [2]
conflict, or lack of resources. Gender inequality (iv) How can education help address global issues
also plays a role, with girls in some societies facing like climate change? [1]
additional barriers to education. Addressing these (v) Why is investing in education important? [2]
issues requires global cooperation, investment (d) Summarise the role of education in shaping
in infrastructure, and policies that ensure every individuals and society, as described in the
child has the opportunity to learn. passage, in about 50 words. [8]
The role of education extends beyond
Ans
individual success. It plays a critical role in
addressing societal issues such as discrimination, (a) (i) (b) strengthens
inequality, and climate change. Education “Empowers” means to give someone the ability,
promotes awareness and encourages action, confidence, or authority to do something.
empowering individuals to become informed In the passage, education is described as
citizens who work toward a better future. For something that empowers individuals by
example, an educated society is more likely providing them with the tools to achieve their
to adopt sustainable practices, protect the goals. The word does not mean “weakens” (a),
environment, and promote social justice. “discourages” (c), or “opposes” (d), which are
In conclusion, education is not just a right opposite or unrelated in meaning.
but a necessity for building a better world. It (ii) (b) unity
transforms lives, empowers communities, and “Harmony” refers to a state of agreement,
drives progress. While challenges remain in peace, or unity. The passage states that
ensuring equal access to education, its importance education helps individuals “live harmoniously
cannot be overstated. By investing in education in a diverse world,” meaning it promotes
and making it accessible to all, we can create a unity. The word does not mean “conflict” (a),
world that values knowledge, compassion, and “disorder” (c), or “chaos” (d), which all imply
equality. a lack of harmony.
Questions :
(b) (iii) equality
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct “Inequality” refers to unfair differences
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options in opportunities or treatment. The direct
provided: [2] opposite is “equality” (iii), which means
(i) empowers (line 20) fairness and equal opportunities. “Harmony”
(a) weakens (i), “fairness” (ii), and “respect” (iv) are
(b) strengthens related but not the exact antonym of
(c) discourages “inequality.”
(d) opposes

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

Jane Austen’s novels are known for their (i) constraints (line 25)
timeless themes of love, family, social class, and (a) freedoms
personal growth. Her most famous works include (b) restrictions
Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (c) rights
(1813), and Emma (1815). These novels offer (d) privileges
a vivid portrayal of the social dynamics of the (ii) groundbreaking (line 35)
late 18th and early 19th centuries. Through (a) ordinary
her characters, Austen explored the constraints (b) pioneering
placed on women and their struggles to find (c) outdated
a balance between societal expectations and (d) traditional
personal happiness. (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
Her second novel, Pride and Prejudice, ‘popularity’ ? [1]
remains one of the most celebrated works in (i) obscurity
English literature. The story follows Elizabeth (ii) fame
Bennet, a witty and independent young woman, (iii) recognition
and her evolving relationship with Mr. Darcy, a (iv) respect
wealthy but initially aloof gentleman. Elizabeth’s
strong character was groundbreaking for its time, (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
as it challenged the stereotypical image of women own words:
in literature. (i) How did Jane Austen’s upbringing influence
During her lifetime, Jane Austen faced her writing? [2]
challenges as a woman writer. She published her (ii) Why did Jane Austen publish her works
novels anonymously, with the title pages simply anonymously? [2]
reading, “By a Lady.” This was a common (iii) What themes did Jane Austen explore in her
practice among women writers who sought to novels? [2]
avoid societal prejudice. Despite this anonymity, (iv) Why is Elizabeth Bennet a significant
her works gained popularity, and her keen character in Pride and Prejudice? [1]
observations and humor resonated with readers. (v) How does Jane Austen’s legacy remain
Austen completed six major novels before relevant today? [2]
her untimely death at the age of 41 in 1817. (d) Summarise Jane Austen’s life, her contributions
Her last two works, Persuasion and Northanger to literature, and the enduring impact of her
Abbey, were published posthumously. Persuasion works, in about 50 words. [8]
is particularly admired for its mature perspective Ans
on love and loss.
(a) (i) (b) restrictions
Today, Jane Austen’s legacy endures through
“Constraints” refer to limitations or
her novels, which have been adapted into countless
restrictions that prevent someone from doing
films, television series, and modern retellings. Her
something freely. In the passage, Austen
ability to blend romance with social commentary
explored the “constraints placed on women,”
makes her stories relevant even centuries later.
meaning the social restrictions they faced,
Austen’s works continue to inspire readers and
not freedoms (a), rights (c), or privileges (d).
provide insights into human nature and society.
Beyond her literary achievements, Jane (ii) (b) pioneering
Austen’s life story is a testament to resilience and “Groundbreaking” means something that
creativity. Despite living in a time when women is innovative and sets new standards. In
had limited opportunities, she carved a space for the passage, Elizabeth Bennet’s character
herself as one of the greatest authors in history. is described as “groundbreaking” because
Her influence is not confined to literature but she was an independent and strong female
extends to popular culture, academic studies, and character in literature, making her pioneering
the hearts of millions of readers worldwide. (b) rather than ordinary (a), outdated (c), or
Questions : traditional (d).
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct (b) (i) obscurity
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options “Popularity” means widespread recognition or
provided: [2] admiration. The opposite of this is “obscurity”

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 101

(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your united the town, leaving a lasting impact.
own words: (d) Veer’s dedication and kindness transformed
(i) What made Veer a unique postman in Aarav’s lonely life, giving him confidence and
Nainapur? [2] friends. His actions inspired the entire town
(ii) How did Veer respond to Aarav’s letter? [2] to support one another, creating a close-knit
(iii) What changes did Veer’s actions bring to community. Even after retiring, Veer’s legacy
Aarav’s life? [2] as a symbol of hope and unity continued to
(iv) How did Veer’s kindness impact the town? [1] inspire others.
(v) Why is Veer’s story remembered even after
his retirement? [2] 9. Read the following passage carefully and answer
the questions that follow:
(d) Summarise how Veer’s dedication and kindness
transformed Aarav’s life and united the town, in “The Evolution of Communication”
about 50 words. [8] Communication is one of the most fundamental
Ans aspects of human life. It enables us to express
thoughts, share ideas, and connect with one
(a) (i) (b) commitment another. Over centuries, the way humans
“Dedication” refers to strong devotion or communicate has evolved significantly, reflecting
commitment to a cause or duty. In the passage, advancements in technology and societal changes.
Veer is described as a postman dedicated to From cave drawings to instant messaging, the
his work, meaning he was deeply committed journey of communication is both fascinating and
to his job and the people in the town. transformative.
(ii) (a) ignored In ancient times, humans relied on simple
In the passage, Aarav expresses that he feels methods to communicate. Early cave drawings,
“lonely and invisible,” meaning that he feels discovered in places like France and Spain, date
unnoticed or ignored by those around him. back thousands of years and represent some of
“Ignored” (a) fits best in this context. The the earliest forms of human expression. These
word does not mean “seen” (b), “noticeable” drawings often depicted hunting scenes and
(c), or “forgotten” (d), which are either rituals, providing a glimpse into prehistoric life.
incorrect or do not match the intended As societies developed, so did communication.
meaning in the passage. Around 3000 BCE, ancient civilizations like the
(b) (ii) criticism Egyptians used hieroglyphs-pictorial symbols
“Encouragement” means giving support, carved into stone-to record history and convey
confidence, or hope to someone. The opposite important information.
is “criticism” (ii), which involves finding fault The invention of writing marked a
or discouraging someone. “Motivation” (i), revolutionary step in communication. The
“support” (iii), and “inspiration” (iv) are Sumerians developed cuneiform writing on clay
similar to encouragement rather than being its tablets around 3100 BCE, which allowed people
opposite. to record transactions, laws, and stories. Similarly,
the invention of papyrus in ancient Egypt made
(c) (i) Veer’s kindness, personal touches like it easier to store and share written knowledge.
flowers and notes, and his role as a Writing systems like Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit
confidant made him a unique postman. emerged, forming the foundation for many
(ii) Veer replied to Aarav’s letter with words modern languages.
of encouragement, sharing his own The next major leap in communication
experiences and offering support. came with the invention of the printing press by
(iii) Veer’s guidance helped Aarav gain Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century. This
confidence, make friends, and participate innovation made books and written material
in community activities. more accessible to the general public. Previously,
(iv) Veer’s kindness inspired the town to books were laboriously copied by hand, making
support one another, fostering a stronger them rare and expensive. The printing press
sense of community. revolutionized education, science, and culture by
(v) Veer’s story is remembered because his spreading knowledge more widely.
actions brought hope to individuals and The 19th and 20th centuries brought

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

(ii) resilient (line 12) a door open, giving compliments, or

(a) strong helping someone in need.
(b) vulnerable (ii) Kindness boosts mental well-being by
(c) temporary releasing “feel-good” hormones like
(d) resistant endorphins and oxytocin, reducing stress
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of and increasing happiness.
‘hostility’ ? [1] (iii) Kindness helps resolve conflicts by
(i) anger promoting understanding, reducing
(ii) cooperation tension, and encouraging constructive
(iii) kindness dialogue.
(iv) frustration (iv) Parents and educators teach kindness by
setting examples and sharing stories that
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
inspire children to adopt this value.
own words:
(v) Kindness strengthens bonds, spreads
(i) What are some simple acts of kindness
positivity, and promotes unity, creating
mentioned in the passage? [2]
a ripple effect that improves communities
(ii) How does kindness benefit the person who
and the world.
practices it? [2]
(d) Kindness is vital for harmony, mental well-
(iii) Why is kindness important in resolving
being, and resolving conflicts. Simple acts
conflicts? [2]
of empathy strengthen relationships and
(iv) What role do parents and educators play in
communities, inspire cooperation, and create
teaching kindness? [1]
a ripple effect of goodwill. By teaching
(v) How can kindness lead to a better world? [2]
kindness to future generations, we can build
(d) Summarise the significance of kindness in daily a more compassionate world, proving that
life, as explained in the passage, in about 50 small efforts have the power to bring about
words. [8] significant positive change.
Ans
7. Read the following passage carefully and answer
(a) (i) (b) priority
the questions that follow:
“Precedence” refers to something being
considered more important than something “The Role of Education in Shaping Society”
else. In the passage, competition and self- Education is one of the most powerful tools for
interest are said to “take precedence,” transforming individuals and societies. It is not
meaning they are given higher priority than just about acquiring knowledge from textbooks
kindness. It does not mean “delay” (a), but also about developing critical thinking,
“hesitation” (c), or “indifference” (d). creativity, and moral values. A well-educated
population is the foundation of a progressive
(ii) (a) strong
and harmonious society. Through education,
“Resilient” means the ability to recover
people gain the skills and understanding needed
quickly from difficulties or to be strong
to address challenges, innovate, and contribute
and adaptable. The passage mentions that
meaningfully to the world.
communities built on kindness are more
Education begins at home, where parents
“resilient during tough times,” meaning they
are the first teachers. As children grow, schools
are strong (a) rather than vulnerable (b),
and teachers play a vital role in shaping their
temporary (c), or resistant (d) (which has a
intellect and character. Beyond academics,
different meaning in this context).
education instills values such as empathy, respect,
(b) (iii) kindness and integrity. It teaches individuals how to live
“Hostility” refers to aggression or opposition. harmoniously in a diverse world and encourages
The opposite of hostility is “kindness” (iii), them to respect differences.
which promotes peace and goodwill. “Anger” In modern society, education has become more
(i), “cooperation” (ii), and “frustration” (iv) important than ever. It empowers individuals by
are not direct antonyms of hostility. providing them with the tools to achieve their
(c) (i) Simple acts of kindness include holding goals and improve their quality of life. It also acts

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 103

(iii) Digital communication includes instant colors and filled with the scent of fresh blossoms.
messaging, video calls, and social media, The king was delighted and showered Ratan with
enabling real-time interactions across the gold coins and praise.
globe. However, greed soon took hold of the king.
(iv) Challenges include misinformation, “Weaver,” he said, “create a golden palace for me,
privacy concerns, and the loss of personal grander than any other in the world. Do not stop
connection in digital communication. until it is complete.”
(v) The future of communication involves Ratan hesitated. He knew the old woman had
technologies like artificial intelligence and told him to use the thread wisely, and creating
virtual reality, promising new ways to such a massive structure might anger the magic.
interact. But the king’s threat loomed large. Reluctantly,
(d) Communication has evolved from cave Ratan began weaving.
drawings and written scripts to digital tools As he worked day and night, the thread
like video calls and social media. Innovations began to dim, and the once-shimmering golden
such as the printing press and the internet palace began to crumble. The king’s greed had
revolutionized how humans share knowledge. pushed the magic beyond its limit. In a final act,
While challenges like misinformation persist, the golden thread vanished, and the palace turned
the journey continues, with emerging to dust.
technologies like AI and virtual reality set to Realizing his mistake, the king apologized to
transform interactions further. Ratan and the people of Kiranagar. From that
day, he vowed to rule justly and never let greed
10. Read the following passage carefully and answer cloud his judgment. Ratan, having learned the
the questions that follow: value of moderation, returned to his simple life,
Once upon a time, in the vibrant kingdom of using his weaving skills to bring joy to his village.
Kiranagar, lived a poor but skilled weaver named The story of Ratan and the magical
Ratan. Ratan was known for creating beautiful thread became a legend in Kiranagar, teaching
fabrics, but he barely earned enough to feed his generations that wisdom and restraint are far
family. His life changed one fateful day when he greater treasures than wealth or power.
saved an old woman from a group of wild dogs Questions :
near the forest. The woman, who seemed frail but
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct
kind, handed him a spool of golden thread as a
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
reward.
provided: [2]
“This is no ordinary thread,” she said.
(i) frail (line 4)
“Whatever you weave with it will come to life.
(a) strong
Use it wisely, and it will bring you happiness.”
(b) delicate
Ratan, curious but cautious, returned to his
(c) powerful
small hut. That evening, he decided to test the
(d) harsh
old woman’s claim. He wove a tiny bird from
(ii) loomed (line 17)
the golden thread. As soon as he finished, the
(a) threatened
bird fluttered its wings and flew around the
(b) disappeared
room, chirping joyfully. Ratan’s eyes widened in
(c) sparkled
amazement.
(d) hesitated
Word about the magical thread spread
quickly in Kiranagar. Soon, the king heard of (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
Ratan’s gift and summoned him to the palace. ‘delight’ ? [1]
“Weaver,” said the king, “I command you to (i) sorrow
weave me a magnificent garden using this thread. (ii) joy
If you succeed, I shall reward you with gold and (iii) contentment
land. If you fail, you shall be punished.” (iv) pride
Ratan knew he had no choice but to agree. For (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
weeks, he worked tirelessly, weaving flowers, trees, own words:
and fountains from the golden thread. When he (i) What gift did the old woman give to Ratan,
finished, the garden came to life, blooming with and how was it magical? [2]

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

remarkable advancements in communication (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
technology. The invention of the telegraph allowed own words:
people to send messages over long distances for (i) How did early humans communicate, and
the first time, followed by the telephone, which what purpose did it serve? [2]
enabled real-time voice communication. The (ii) Why was the invention of the printing press
development of radio and television further significant? [2]
transformed how information was shared, making (iii) What are the key features of digital
it possible to broadcast news and entertainment communication in the 21st century? [2]
to millions of people simultaneously. (iv) What challenges have emerged with
In the 21st century, digital communication has advancements in communication technology?
become the norm. The internet has revolutionized [1]
how people interact, making instant messaging, video (v) What does the future of communication hold,
calls, and social media a part of daily life. Emails according to the passage? [2]
replaced letters, and platforms like WhatsApp and (d) Summarise the evolution of communication, as
Zoom have made it possible to connect with anyone, explained in the passage, in about 50 words. [8]
anywhere in the world, in real time.
While these advancements have made Ans
communication faster and more efficient, (a) (i) (b) groundbreaking
they have also brought challenges. The rise of The word “revolutionary” refers to something
misinformation, privacy concerns, and the loss of that brings about a major change or
personal touch in digital interactions are some of innovation. In the passage, the invention
the issues faced in today’s connected world. of writing is described as a “revolutionary
Despite these challenges, the evolution of step” in communication, meaning it was
communication has undeniably brought humanity groundbreaking and significantly transformed
closer. Whether it’s an ancient cave drawing how people shared information.
or a video call across continents, each stage of
(ii) (a) aspect
this journey has added a new dimension to how
In the passage, the phrase “added a new
we share our thoughts and ideas. The future
dimension to how we share our thoughts and
of communication continues to hold endless
ideas” suggests that each advancement in
possibilities, with technologies like artificial
communication introduced a new aspect or
intelligence and virtual reality promising to
perspective. “Aspect” (a) is the best fit. The
change the way we interact yet again.
other options—”measurement” (b), “limit”
Questions :
(c), and “boundary” (d)—refer to physical
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct properties and do not convey the intended
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options meaning.
provided: [2]
(b) (i) decline
(i) revolutionary (line 10)
“Advancement” means progress or
(a) ordinary
improvement. The opposite is “decline” (i),
(b) groundbreaking
which refers to a downturn or regression.
(c) gradual
The other options—”improvement” (ii),
(d) unnecessary
“progress” (iii), and “innovation” (iv)—are
(ii) dimension (line 26)
all synonymous with advancement rather
(a) aspect
than being its opposite.
(b) measurement
(c) limit (c) (i) Early humans used cave drawings and
(d) boundary symbols to depict hunting scenes and
rituals, serving as a way to record and
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
share information.
‘advancement’ ? [1]
(ii) The printing press made books more
(i) decline
accessible, spreading knowledge widely
(ii) improvement
and revolutionizing education, science,
(iii) progress
and culture.
(iv) innovation

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 105

In the weeks that followed, Anaya’s garlands (ii) (c) honor

became the talk of the village. Her customers “Dignity” refers to self-respect and honor.
grew, and soon she was earning enough to not The elderly man was described as having an
only support her family but also send Rohan to air of dignity, meaning he carried himself with
school. grace and respect.
The riverbank became a place of hope for (b) (ii) wealth
Anaya. It was where she found not just income, “Poverty” refers to a lack of financial
but also the encouragement of a kind stranger resources. The opposite of this is “wealth”
who believed in her talent and hard work. (ii), which means financial prosperity.
Questions :
(c) (i) Anaya started weaving garlands in the
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct evenings to earn extra income and support
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options her family after her father’s death.
provided: [2] (ii) The elderly man told the villagers about
(i) solace (line 16) Anaya’s garlands, which brought more
(a) peace customers to her hut.
(b) confusion
(iii) Anaya was overwhelmed but quickly
(c) excitement
prepared garlands for the villagers.
(d) anger
(iv) After her garlands became popular,
(ii) dignity (line 23)
Anaya earned enough to support her
(a) humor
family and send Rohan to school.
(b) authority
(v) The riverbank became special because
(c) honor
it was where Anaya found hope and
(d) charm
encouragement.
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of (d) Anaya’s story teaches us that perseverance
‘poverty’ ? [1] and kindness can lead to success. Despite
(i) kindness hardships, she worked hard, helped her
(ii) wealth family, and received support because of her
(iii) success dedication and generosity.
(iv) happiness
2. Read the following passage carefully and answer
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
own words: the questions that follow:
(i) Why did Anaya start weaving garlands in the One day I found the pond occupied by several
evenings? [2] buffaloes. Their keeper, a boy a little older than
(ii) What did the elderly man do after buying the me, was swimming about in the middle. Instead
jasmine garland? [2] of climbing out on the bank, he would pull himself
(iii) How did Anaya react when a crowd gathered up on the back of one of his buffaloes, stretch his
at her hut? [2] naked brown body out on the animal’s glistening
(iv) What change occurred in Anaya’s life after hide, and start singing to himself.
her garlands became popular? [2] When he saw me staring at him from across
(v) Why did the riverbank become special for the pond, he smiled, showing gleaming white
Anaya? [1] teeth in a dark face. He invited me to join him in
a swim. I told him I couldn’t swim, and he offered
(d) What lesson can be learned from Anaya’s story to teach me.
about perseverance and kindness? Answer in not His name was Ramu, and he promised to give
more than fifty words. [8] me swimming lessons every afternoon, and so
Ans it was during the afternoons-especially summer
afternoons when everyone was asleep-that we
(a) (i) (a) peace
usually met. Before long I was able to swim across
“Solace” means comfort or peace in a time of
the pond to sit with Ramu astride a contented
distress. In the passage, Anaya found solace
buffalo.
in weaving garlands, meaning it gave her a
Sometimes I would slip into the water.
sense of peace and relief despite her struggles.
Emerging in shades of green and khaki, I would

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

sneak into the house through the bathroom (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
and bathe under the tap before getting into my own words:
clothes. (i) What did Ramu like to do once he had
One afternoon Ramu and I found a small tortoise climbed on the back of a buffalo? [2]
in the mud, sitting over a hole in which it had laid (ii) What offer did Ramu make to the narrator?
several eggs. I presented the tortoise to Grandfather. [2]
He had a weakness for tortoises, and was pleased (iii) Why do you think the narrator would bathe
with this addition to his menagerie, giving it a large before entering the house? [2]
tub of water all to itself, with an island of rocks in (iv) Who was the large tub of water for? [1]
the middle. If one of the dogs bothered it too much, (v) How would the tortoise protect itself from the
it would draw its head and legs into its shell and defy dogs? [2]
all its attempts at rough play. (d) Despite the lack of schooling, what did Ramu
Ramu came from a family of bonded labourers know? How, according to Ramu and Grandfather,
and had received no schooling. But he was well- should we treat birds and animals? Answer in not
versed in folklore and knew a great deal about more than fifty words. [8]
birds and animals.
‘Many birds are sacred,’ said Ramu, as we Ans
watched a blue jay swoop down from a peepul (a) (i) (d) skin
tree and carry off a grasshopper. “Hide” refers to the skin of an animal. In the
Both Ramu and Grandfather were of the passage, the buffalo’s “glistening hide” means
opinion that we should be more gentle with birds its shiny skin.
and animals and should not kill so many of them.
(ii) (c) satisfied
‘It is also important that we respect them,’
“Contented” means feeling satisfied or happy.
said Grandfather. ‘We must acknowledge their
In the passage, the buffalo was described
rights. Birds and animals are finding it more
as “contented,” meaning it was calm and
difficult to survive, because we are trying to
pleased.
destroy both them and their forests.’
Ramu and I spent long summer afternoons (b) (ii) difficult
at the pond. I still remember him with affection, “Easy” means simple or effortless, so the
though we never saw each other again after I left opposite is “difficult” (ii), meaning something
Dehra. that requires effort.
- Rusty, The Boy from the Hills, Ruskin Bond (c) (i) Ramu liked to stretch out on the buffalo’s
Questions : back and sing to himself.
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct (ii) Ramu offered to teach the narrator how
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options to swim.
provided: [2] (iii) The narrator bathed to clean the mud
(i) hide (line 7) and dirt after swimming in the pond.
(a) blanket (iv) The large tub of water was for the tortoise
(b) fur that Grandfather kept.
(c) undisclosed (v) The tortoise would draw its head and legs
(d) skin into its shell to avoid the dogs’ attacks.
(ii) contented (line 18) (d) Despite having no formal education, Ramu
(a) cheerful was well-versed in folklore and knowledgeable
(b) lazy about birds and animals. Both Ramu and
(c) satisfied Grandfather believed in treating birds and
(d) container animals with care and respect, protecting
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of their rights, and preserving their habitats to
‘easy’ ? [1] ensure their survival.
(i) sneak
3. Read the following passage carefully and answer
(ii) difficult
the questions that follow:
(iii) labourer
The village of Chitravan was known for its peaceful
(iv) survive
atmosphere and picturesque surroundings. Tall

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 107

mango and tamarind trees lined the narrow showing them how determination and creativity
paths, and a small river meandered lazily through could solve even the toughest problems.
the fields. Life in the village was simple, and the Questions :
people depended on farming for their livelihood. (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
Among the villagers was Meera, a bright meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
and resourceful 14-year-old girl who lived with provided: [2]
her grandparents. Meera was known for her (i) resourceful (line 8)
creativity and her knack for solving problems. Her (a) careless
grandparents often said she had inherited her late (b) creative
mother’s love for nature. (c) dependent
One summer, the village faced a severe water (d) helpless
shortage. The river dried up, and the wells ran (ii) meandered (line 4)
low. The crops began to wither, and the villagers (a) flowed straight
grew anxious about their future. Meera noticed (b) wandered
how worried her grandparents were and decided (c) moved slowly
to find a solution. She spent hours observing the (d) disappeared
fields and studying the village’s water sources.
While walking along the riverbed one (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
afternoon, Meera spotted an old, unused well ‘neglect’ ? [1]
covered with dry leaves. Intrigued, she cleared the (i) conserve
area and found that the well still had some water (ii) abandon
at its bottom. However, it was too deep to draw (iii) overlook
water easily. Meera shared her discovery with the (iv) forget
village elders, but they dismissed her idea of using (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
the well, saying it was too old and dangerous. own words:
Undeterred, Meera decided to take matters (i) What was the main problem faced by the
into her own hands. With the help of a few friends, villagers of Chitravan? [2]
she cleaned the well and built a simple pulley (ii) How did Meera find the unused well? [2]
system to draw water. They worked tirelessly for (iii) Why did the village elders initially dismiss
days, using whatever materials they could find. Meera’s idea? [2]
When the pulley was finally ready, the villagers (iv) What role did Meera play during the
were amazed by Meera’s ingenuity. construction of the check dams? [1]
The well became a lifeline for Chitravan (v) How did the villagers show their gratitude to
during the summer. Villagers took turns drawing Meera? [2]
water, ensuring everyone had enough for their
(d) Summarise Meera’s efforts to help her village
needs. Inspired by Meera’s success, the elders
during the water crisis in not more than fifty
began working on restoring other neglected wells
words. [8]
in the village. Meera’s efforts not only solved the
immediate water crisis but also encouraged the Ans
community to value and conserve their water (a) (i) (b) creative
resources. “Resourceful” refers to a person who can
As the rainy season approached, the villagers find quick and clever ways to solve problems.
came together to build small check dams along Meera was described as resourceful because
the river to prevent water from flowing away she found a solution to the water crisis.
too quickly. Meera played an important role in
(ii) (c) moved slowly
these efforts, sharing ideas and motivating others.
“Meandered” means to move in a slow,
When the rains finally arrived, the river filled up,
winding way. The river in the passage is
and the fields turned green once more.
described as flowing lazily, which aligns with
The village held a celebration to thank Meera
this meaning.
for her contribution. The elders gifted her a set
of books on science and nature, knowing how (b) (i) conserve
much she loved to learn. Meera’s story became “Neglect” means to ignore or fail to take care
an inspiration for other children in the village, of something. The opposite is “conserve,”

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

wealthy merchant eventually purchased it, offering (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
Leela enough money to support her family and own words:
help others in the village. She bought seeds, tools, (i) Why did Anya enjoy visiting the weekly
and food for her neighbors, easing their struggles. market? [2]
The storyteller paused, his voice filled with (ii) What challenges did Leela and her family face
emotion. “Leela’s shawl was more than just a during the drought? [2]
piece of cloth,” he said. “It became a symbol of (iii) How did the merchant’s purchase of the shawl
hope and strength for the entire village.” help the village? [2]
Anya, deeply moved, walked home thinking (iv) Why did Anya decide to start painting? [1]
about the story. Inspired, she decided to create (v) How did Anya’s paintings impact the people
something meaningful herself. She loved painting in her village? [2]
and spent the next few weeks capturing scenes of (d) Summarise how Leela and Anya used their
her village-the market, the neem tree, and even creativity to inspire change in about 50 words. [8]
the storyteller. She worked day and night, adding
vibrant colors to her paintings, ensuring they Ans
reflected the life and energy of the village.
(a) (i) (a) decorated
Anya’s work began attracting attention. At
“Adorned” means to decorate or embellish
first, she displayed her paintings in the market,
something. In the passage, Leela’s shawl was
unsure if anyone would buy them. But soon, her
beautifully decorated with intricate patterns.
vibrant depictions of village life caught the eye
of visitors, and she started earning money. Anya (ii) (c) persistence
gave some of her earnings to her family and used “Resilience” refers to the ability to recover
the rest to buy art supplies. from difficulties and keep going. Leela’s shawl
Over time, Anya’s paintings became a symbol told a story of persistence and hope despite
of her village’s beauty and spirit. Just like Leela’s hardships.
shawl, her work brought hope and inspiration. (b) (iii) acted
“Creativity,” Anya thought, “can truly make a “Hesitated” means to pause or be uncertain
difference.” before taking action. The opposite is “acted,”
Anya continued painting and sharing her art. meaning to take immediate steps.
Her success inspired other children in the village
(c) (i) Anya enjoyed visiting the market because
to pursue their talents, proving that even small
it was lively, and she loved listening to
efforts could bring about meaningful change.
the storyteller’s captivating tales under
Questions :
the neem tree.
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct (ii) During the drought, Leela’s family
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options struggled with no crops, and the village
provided: [2] faced extreme hardship.
(i) adorned (line 14) (iii) The merchant’s purchase provided Leela
(a) decorated with enough money to support her family
(b) hidden and help her neighbors with seeds, tools,
(c) worn and food.
(d) damaged (iv) Anya started painting after being inspired
(ii) resilience (line 26) by Leela’s story and wanted to create
(a) weakness something meaningful.
(b) courage
(v) Anya’s paintings showcased the beauty of
(c) persistence
the village, inspired other children, and
(d) fragility
became a symbol of creativity and hope.
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of (d) Leela and Anya demonstrated the
‘hesitated’ ? [1] transformative power of creativity. Leela’s
(i) doubted shawl brought financial aid and hope to her
(ii) delayed village during a drought. Inspired by her story,
(iii) acted Anya painted scenes of her village, earning
(iv) decided money and inspiring others to pursue their

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 109

(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of (v) The district agricultural officer visited to
‘degraded’ ? [1] see the positive changes in the fields and
(i) restored to support organic farming in the village.
(ii) ruined (d) Kavya revived Sundargram’s farming by using
(iii) diminished organic methods like composting and bio-
(iv) eroded pesticides. Her efforts improved soil health,
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your increased crop yields, and inspired villagers to
own words: adopt sustainable practices. With community
(i) What inspired Kavya to explore organic participation and government support, Kavya
farming? [2] transformed the village into a model of eco-
(ii) How did Kavya prepare her family’s field for friendly agriculture, proving the power of
organic farming? [2] determination and innovation.
(iii) What changes did Kavya notice after using
5. Read the following passage carefully and answer
organic methods? [2]
the questions that follow:
(iv) How did the community benefit from Kavya’s
The role of trees in our environment cannot be
initiative? [1]
overstated. They provide oxygen, absorb carbon
(v) Why did the district agricultural officer visit
dioxide, and are home to countless species of birds,
Sundargram? [2]
insects, and animals. For centuries, trees have
(d) Summarise how Kavya’s efforts helped revive been essential for human survival, offering food,
farming in Sundargram in about 50 words. [8] shelter, and materials for tools and construction.
Ans However, deforestation is becoming a significant
issue, threatening ecosystems and biodiversity.
(a) (i) (b) scattered Deforestation, or the large-scale removal of
“Sparse” means something that is thinly trees, occurs for various reasons. Forests are often
spread or scattered, rather than dense or cleared for agriculture, urban development, and
abundant. In the passage, it describes the logging. While these activities provide short-
state of the crops, which had become less term benefits, the long-term consequences can
frequent due to soil degradation. be devastating. Without trees, the soil becomes
(ii) (c) restored prone to erosion, and the natural water cycle is
“Revived” means bringing something back disrupted. This often leads to droughts or floods
to life or restoring it to its former condition. in areas that once had a stable climate.
In the passage, Kavya’s organic farming Additionally, trees play a crucial role in
methods helped restore the village’s interest regulating temperature and maintaining the
in sustainable agriculture. balance of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
When forests are destroyed, the carbon stored in
(b) (i) restored
trees is released into the air as carbon dioxide,
“Degraded” means something that has been
contributing to climate change. Scientists estimate
worsened or deteriorated. The opposite of this
that deforestation accounts for nearly 10% of
would be “restored,” which means something
global carbon emissions.
has been brought back to its original or
Apart from climate impact, deforestation
improved condition.
also causes the loss of habitat for many species.
(c) (i) Kavya was inspired by her grandfather’s Animals, birds, and insects that depend on forests
stories about using natural fertilizers like for food and shelter are left vulnerable when their
compost and neem leaves in his youth. homes are destroyed. This disruption often leads
(ii) Kavya prepared the field by creating a to extinction, further weakening the biodiversity
compost pit, spreading organic manure, that supports life on Earth.
and avoiding chemical fertilizers. To address this problem, many countries and
(iii) The crops became healthier and more organizations are working on reforestation projects,
vibrant, and the soil regained its richness. which involve planting new trees to replace the
(iv) Kavya’s initiative helped villagers learn ones that have been cut down. However, these
sustainable farming, improved soil health, efforts take time, as newly planted trees can take
and increased crop yields. decades to grow to maturity. Protecting existing

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

of eco-bricks-plastic bottles stuffed tightly with Questions :

non-recyclable plastic waste to create a reusable (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
building block. meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
The idea fascinated Ishita. That weekend, she provided: [2]
gathered her family and explained the concept (i) clogging (line 12)
of eco-bricks. Together, they started collecting (a) blocking
plastic waste from their home and neighborhood. (b) cleaning
Ishita then filled an empty bottle with the waste, (c) emptying
packing it tightly until it became a solid, brick- (d) repairing
like structure. Her first eco-brick was complete. (ii) initiative (line 26)
Ishita’s family admired her initiative, but she (a) conclusion
wanted to do more. She approached her school (b) beginning
principal and proposed starting an eco-brick (c) leadership
project with her classmates. The principal was (d) hesitation
impressed and gave her permission to lead the
initiative. Ishita created posters to raise awareness (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
about plastic pollution and demonstrated how to ‘overwhelming’ ? [1]
make eco-bricks during assembly. (i) intense
The response was overwhelming. Students (ii) minimal
brought in plastic waste from their homes, and (iii) significant
soon, the school had collected hundreds of eco- (iv) large
bricks. Ishita collaborated with her teachers to (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
use these bricks to build a small bench in the own words:
school garden. It became a symbol of the students’ (i) What inspired Ishita to start the eco-brick
collective effort to address plastic pollution. project? [2]
News of the project spread throughout the (ii) How did Ishita involve her school in the eco-
community. Local residents began approaching brick project? [2]
Ishita for advice on how to make eco-bricks. (iii) What was the result of the school’s eco-brick
Inspired by the school’s success, the residents project? [2]
organized cleanup drives to collect plastic waste (iv) How did the community benefit from Ishita’s
and repurpose it. Ishita also worked with the local initiative? [1]
municipal office, which provided a designated area (v) Why was Ishita recognized at the school
to store the eco-bricks for future projects. awards ceremony? [2]
Within months, Ishita’s initiative transformed
(d) Summarise how Ishita’s eco-brick project
her community. The streets became cleaner, and
addressed the issue of plastic pollution and united
the drains were no longer clogged. The eco-bricks
her community in about 50 words. [8]
were used to create garden borders, outdoor
Ans
seating, and even small play structures for
children. Ishita’s efforts not only reduced plastic (a) (i) (a) blocking
waste but also brought people together to work “Clogging” refers to something obstructing
for a common cause. or blocking the normal flow, which is exactly
At the annual school awards ceremony, Ishita what the plastic waste was doing to the drains.
was recognized for her leadership and innovation. (ii) (c) leadership
As she accepted her award, she said, “This project “Initiative” refers to taking the first step
isn’t just about cleaning up plastic. It’s about towards action or demonstrating leadership in
showing that even small actions can lead to big starting something new. In the passage, Ishita
changes.” Her words left a lasting impression on took initiative to start the eco-brick project.
everyone present.
(b) (ii) minimal
Ishita’s eco-brick project became a model
“Overwhelming” means something excessive
for neighboring towns. Her story proved that
or too much to handle, while its opposite,
age is no barrier to making a difference and that
“minimal,” means very little or small in
with creativity and determination, anyone can
impact.
contribute to solving global challenges.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 111

(v) Individuals can combat deforestation visitors could try pottery themselves. Mohan
by reducing paper use, recycling, and loved the idea, and soon, their workshop became a
supporting sustainable businesses. popular spot for locals and tourists alike. Children
(d) Immediate action against deforestation is and adults came to learn the art of pottery, and
crucial to prevent species extinction, combat the extra income helped improve their family’s
climate change, and protect livelihoods. By living conditions.
conserving forests, promoting reforestation, Over time, Kunal began experimenting with
and adopting sustainable practices, we can new designs and techniques. He learned to paint
restore ecosystems and secure resources for intricate patterns on the pots, adding another
future generations. The severe consequences layer of beauty to their creations. Mohan was
of inaction make addressing deforestation an proud of his son’s creativity and determination,
urgent priority for humanity’s survival. and their business flourished.
The story of Mohan and Kunal became a
6. Read the following passage carefully and answer source of inspiration in Nayanpur. The father
the questions that follow: and son duo showed the town that innovation
The small town of Nayanpur was nestled between and hard work could transform lives. To this day,
two hills, with a river flowing gently through their workshop remains a symbol of creativity and
its center. The town was known for its vibrant perseverance, attracting people from far and wide.
weekly market, where farmers and artisans from Questions :
nearby villages came to sell their produce and
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct
crafts. Among the residents was a young boy
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
named Kunal, who lived with his father, a potter.
provided: [2]
Kunal’s father, Mohan, was known for
(i) exquisite (line 12)
creating beautiful clay pots and sculptures. Their
(a) delicate
small workshop was located by the riverbank,
(b) ordinary
where Mohan spent hours shaping clay into
(c) rough
exquisite designs. Kunal often helped his father
(d) large
by carrying water from the river and kneading the
(ii) skeptical (line 24)
clay. Though Kunal admired his father’s skills,
(a) doubtful
he dreamed of doing something extraordinary for
(b) certain
their family.
(c) excited
One day, while exploring the forest near the
(d) unaware
town, Kunal stumbled upon a mound of unusual,
fine clay. The clay was softer and smoother than (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
the one they usually used, and Kunal immediately ‘ordinary’ ? [1]
thought it could make their pottery even better. (i) beautiful
Excited, he returned home and showed the clay (ii) extraordinary
to his father. (iii) simple
At first, Mohan was skeptical. However, after (iv) common
testing the clay, he was amazed at how easy it (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
was to mold and how beautiful the final products own words:
turned out. Mohan and Kunal decided to make (i) What was Kunal’s father known for? [2]
an entire batch of pots and sculptures using the (ii) How did Kunal find the unusual clay? [2]
new clay. (iii) What effect did the new clay have on Mohan’s
When the weekly market arrived, Mohan’s pottery? [2]
stall became the center of attention. Customers (iv) Why did Mohan and Kunal’s workshop
admired the new designs and quality of the become popular? [1]
pottery. The pots sold out quickly, and Mohan (v) How did Kunal improve the pottery business
received orders from several nearby towns. further? [2]
Kunal was thrilled to see his father’s work being
appreciated on such a large scale. (d) Summarise Kunal and Mohan’s journey in
Encouraged by their success, Kunal suggested transforming their pottery business in not more
they set up a small area in their workshop where than fifty words. [8]

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

which means to protect or take care of richer. Seeing her success, her grandfather
something, especially a natural resource like suggested expanding the experiment to their
water. family’s main field. Kavya approached her parents
(c) (i) The villagers faced a severe water with the idea, and though hesitant at first, they
shortage as the river dried up and the eventually agreed.
wells ran low. Kavya enlisted the help of her friends to
(ii) Meera found the unused well while prepare the field. Together, they created a large
exploring the riverbed, noticing it was compost pit and spread the organic manure evenly
covered with dry leaves. across the soil. They avoided using chemical
fertilizers and relied solely on natural methods.
(iii) The elders dismissed her idea because
The results were astounding. The crops grew
they believed the well was too old and
taller and more vibrant than they had in years.
unsafe to use.
Word of Kavya’s success spread quickly.
(iv) Meera shared ideas and motivated others
Villagers who had been skeptical at first came to
to build the check dams.
see her fields and were amazed. Kavya held small
(v) The villagers thanked Meera by
workshops, teaching them how to prepare compost
celebrating her efforts and gifting her
and use natural farming techniques. Her efforts
books on science and nature.
revived the village’s interest in organic farming.
(d) Meera discovered an old well during a water To promote her initiative further, Kavya
crisis and used her creativity to restore it, collaborated with her school to organize a “Green
providing relief to her village. Her leadership Farming Day.” Students and villagers participated
inspired conservation efforts, solving the crisis in activities like planting trees, making compost,
and uniting the community. and learning about sustainable practices. The
4. Read the following passage carefully and answer event brought the community together and spread
the questions that follow: awareness about the importance of protecting the
The village of Sundargram was famous for its environment.
vibrant fields and picturesque surroundings. The district agricultural officer heard about
However, over the past few years, the greenery Kavya’s efforts and visited the village to see the
had faded, and the once-abundant crops had changes. Impressed, he promised government
become sparse. The villagers attributed the support for the villagers to adopt organic farming
decline to overuse of chemical fertilizers, which on a larger scale. Kavya’s fields became a model
had degraded the soil. Among them was Kavya, for other villages, inspiring many to shift to eco-
a 16-year-old who had always been passionate friendly methods.
about the environment. Today, Sundargram’s fields are flourishing
One evening, as Kavya helped her grandfather in again, thanks to Kavya’s determination. Her
their small vegetable garden, he told her about initiative not only restored the land but also
how farmers in his youth used natural fertilizers. strengthened the community’s bond with nature.
“We relied on cow dung, compost, and neem The village now stands as an example of how
leaves,” he explained. “These not only enriched sustainable practices can bring lasting change.
the soil but also kept pests away.” Inspired by his Questions :
words, Kavya decided to explore the concept of (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
organic farming. meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
The next day, Kavya visited the local library provided: [2]
to read about natural farming methods. She (i) sparse (line 5)
learned how composting, crop rotation, and bio- (a) abundant
pesticides could restore soil health. Excited, she (b) scattered
decided to try these techniques in her family’s (c) lush
garden. She started by collecting vegetable peels, (d) small
fruit skins, and dry leaves to create compost. She (ii) revived (line 46)
also planted marigolds around the vegetables to (a) destroyed
deter pests. (b) stopped
Within weeks, Kavya noticed a change. The (c) restored
vegetables grew healthier, and the soil seemed (d) neglected

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(ii) accomplishment (line 37) (iii) He used the money to buy books, which
(a) failure gave him knowledge and a window to the
(b) achievement world.
(c) effort (iv) Riya felt accomplished because the garden
(d) process looked neater, and she had learned new
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of skills.
‘eager’ ? [1] (v) Riya learned that gardening is like life-
(i) enthusiastic it requires nurturing, patience, and
(ii) reluctant persistence to see growth.
(iii) excited (d) Riya’s summer with her grandfather was
(iv) interested deeply meaningful. She learned gardening
techniques and life lessons like patience and
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
persistence. Their shared efforts in the garden
own words:
and evenings of storytelling strengthened
(i) What activity did Riya’s grandfather teach
their bond. The experience left her with
her in the garden? [2]
skills, inspiration, and cherished memories
(ii) What was Riya’s grandfather’s garden like
that would remain with her forever.
when he was young? [2]
(iii) How did Riya’s grandfather use the money he 8. Read the following passage carefully and answer
earned from selling vegetables? [2] the questions that follow:
(iv) Why did Riya feel a sense of accomplishment Late one evening, Ravi sat outside his small house,
at the end of the day? [1] watching the stars. The night sky had always
(v) What lesson did Riya learn about life through fascinated him, but tonight, his thoughts were
gardening? [2] elsewhere. Earlier that day, he had overheard the
(d) Summarise how Riya’s summer with her village elders discussing the water shortage that
grandfather was meaningful in not more than fifty was threatening their crops. The nearby river,
words. [8] once the lifeline of Chandrapur, was now reduced
to a trickle.
Ans
Chandrapur was a village where most families
(a) (i) (a) cutting depended on agriculture for their livelihood.
“Pruning” means trimming or cutting parts The dwindling water supply had caused great
of a plant to encourage healthy growth. In anxiety among the villagers. Ravi, though only
the passage, Riya’s grandfather was cutting 15, wanted to help. He remembered a lesson in
the rose bushes to maintain their shape and school where his teacher had explained rainwater
health. harvesting. It seemed like a simple but effective
(ii) (b) achievement way to solve water shortages by collecting and
“Accomplishment” refers to something storing rainwater.
successfully completed or achieved. In the The next morning, Ravi shared his idea with
passage, Riya felt a sense of accomplishment his family. His father, a farmer, was doubtful but
because she had worked hard in the garden allowed him to try. Using old barrels, discarded
and improved its appearance. pipes, and clay pots, Ravi built a basic rainwater
harvesting system in their backyard. He carefully
(b) (ii) reluctant positioned the pipes to direct rainwater from the
“Eager” means enthusiastic and keen to roof into the barrels and pots. Though it seemed
do something, whereas “reluctant” means small, Ravi believed every drop would count.
unwilling or hesitant. As Ravi worked, some villagers observed him
(c) (i) Riya’s grandfather taught her how to with curiosity, while others laughed at his efforts.
prune rose bushes, plant seeds, water “What can a boy do to solve such a big problem?”
plants, and protect them from pests. they scoffed. Undeterred, Ravi completed the
(ii) When her grandfather was young, his system just before the first monsoon rains arrived.
garden was small but full of vegetables When the rains came, Ravi’s system worked
and flowers, which he tended with pride. perfectly, collecting enough water to irrigate their
small field for weeks.

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

forests is just as important as planting new ones. (i) saving

Education and awareness are key to (ii) destroying
combating deforestation. By understanding the (iii) covering
value of forests, communities can be encouraged (iv) planting
to adopt sustainable practices. For example, (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
farmers can use methods like agroforestry, which own words:
combines agriculture with tree planting. This (i) What are the main causes of deforestation
allows them to grow crops while maintaining mentioned in the passage? [2]
forest cover, benefiting both the environment and (ii) How does deforestation contribute to climate
their livelihoods. change? [2]
Individuals can also contribute by reducing (iii) Why is reforestation not enough to solve the
their use of paper and wood products, recycling, problem of deforestation? [2]
and supporting businesses that practice (iv) What is agroforestry, and how does it benefit
sustainability. Small actions, when multiplied farmers? [1]
across millions of people, can have a significant (v) How can individuals contribute to combating
impact. Communities can organize tree planting deforestation? [2]
drives, create awareness campaigns, and support
government initiatives aimed at conserving (d) Explain why it is crucial to take immediate action
forests. against deforestation, as discussed in the passage,
Governments have a crucial role to play in about 50 words. [8]
as well. Policies to limit illegal logging, create Ans
protected forest reserves, and encourage
(a) (i) (b) removal of soil
sustainable practices are essential for conserving
“Erosion” refers to the process of soil being
forests. International agreements, such as the Paris
worn away, typically due to water, wind, or
Climate Accord, also emphasize the importance
deforestation. In the passage, it describes the
of forests in reducing global carbon emissions.
impact of deforestation, where tree removal
The consequences of inaction are dire. If
makes the soil vulnerable to washing away.
deforestation continues unchecked, it could lead
to the extinction of countless species, worsen (ii) (b) eco-friendly
climate change, and disrupt the lives of millions of “Sustainable” refers to practices that do not
people who depend on forests for survival. On the harm the environment and can be maintained
other hand, by taking action now, we can preserve over time. The passage discusses sustainable
forests for future generations, restore ecosystems, farming methods like agroforestry, which helps
and reduce the damage caused by climate change. balance agriculture and forest conservation.
Forests are not just resources; they are lifelines (b) (ii) destroying
that sustain our planet. “Protecting” means keeping something
Questions : safe or preserving it, while its opposite is
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct “destroying,” which means causing harm or
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options damage.
provided: [2] (c) (i) The main causes of deforestation are
(i) erosion (line 15) agriculture, urban development, and
(a) decay logging.
(b) removal of soil (ii) Deforestation releases carbon dioxide
(c) collapse stored in trees into the atmosphere,
(d) mixing contributing to climate change by
(ii) sustainable (line 43) increasing greenhouse gases.
(a) temporary (iii) Reforestation is not enough because
(b) eco-friendly new trees take decades to mature, and
(c) expensive protecting existing forests is equally vital.
(d) harmful (iv) Agroforestry combines farming with tree
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of planting, helping farmers grow crops
‘protecting’ ? [1] while maintaining forest cover.

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9. Read the following passage carefully and answer Akshay and his team aim to make the library
the questions that follow: a cultural hub. They plan to organize weekly
“Local Youth Restore Abandoned Library to reading sessions, book clubs, and workshops on
Promote Reading” creative writing and public speaking. “This library
An abandoned library in the small town of is not just about books,” Akshay explained. “It’s
Vinayapuram has been given a new lease on about connecting people, sparking creativity, and
life, thanks to the efforts of a group of young fostering a love for learning.”
volunteers. The library, once a thriving hub of The residents of Vinayapuram are thrilled to
knowledge, had fallen into disrepair over the see the library restored to its former glory. For
years. Broken furniture, dusty shelves, and piles many, it represents more than just a place to
of old books greeted anyone who ventured inside. read-it’s a symbol of hope, community, and the
Most residents had written it off as a forgotten power of initiative. As one elderly visitor put it,
relic of the past. “These young people have shown us that with
However, a group of college students led determination, anything is possible.”
by 19-year-old Akshay decided to take action. Questions :
Akshay, an avid reader, had fond memories of (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
visiting the library as a child. “I wanted others to meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
experience the joy of discovering books, just as I provided: [2]
did,” he said. Together with his friends, Akshay (i) disrepair (line 2)
launched a campaign to restore the library and (a) decay
turn it into a community space. (b) maintenance
The students began by cleaning the library, (c) improvement
repairing the furniture, and sorting through (d) repair
the books. They discarded damaged books and (ii) initiative (line 24)
cataloged the ones in good condition. To fill (a) hesitation
the empty shelves, they appealed to the town’s (b) action
residents for book donations. The response (c) laziness
was overwhelming-people donated over 2,000 (d) complaint
books, ranging from novels and encyclopedias to (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
children’s literature. ‘abandoned’ ? [1]
The group didn’t stop there. They painted (i) deserted
the library’s walls with vibrant murals featuring (ii) thriving
famous authors, inspirational quotes, and scenes (iii) forgotten
from classic stories. They also created a cozy (iv) neglected
reading corner for children, complete with colorful
cushions and bean bags. A section of the library (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
was set aside for digital resources, including own words:
computers with internet access. (i) What inspired Akshay and his friends to
The restored library opened its doors last restore the library? [2]
Sunday, and the response was heartwarming. (ii) How did the volunteers collect books for the
Families, students, and elderly residents filled the library? [2]
space, browsing through books and admiring the (iii) What features were added to the library
transformation. The opening ceremony featured during its restoration? [2]
a storytelling session for children, poetry recitals (iv) How did the municipality and local businesses
by local writers, and a talk on the importance of support the project? [1]
reading by a retired professor. (v) What future plans does Akshay have for the
The project caught the attention of the library? [2]
Vinayapuram Municipality, which promised (d) Summarise how the students transformed
to fund the library’s maintenance and support the abandoned library and its impact on the
regular events to keep the community engaged. community in about 60 words. [8]
Local businesses also stepped in, offering free
internet services and sponsoring new books and
furniture.

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

demonstrations, spreading awareness about the (ii) (b) eco-friendly

importance of conserving electricity. “Sustainable” means something that can be
Today, Aryan’s neighborhood is a shining maintained over time without causing harm
example of energy efficiency, thanks to his to the environment. In the passage, Aryan’s
innovative spirit. His journey proved that even innovation aimed at energy conservation,
small ideas, when executed with determination, making it an eco-friendly solution.
could create meaningful change and inspire others (b) (ii) increase
to think creatively. “Reduce” means to decrease or lower
Questions : something. The opposite of this is “increase,”
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct which means to make something larger or
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options greater.
provided: [2] (c) (i) Aryan noticed that streetlights remained
(i) prototype (line 19) on during the day, wasting electricity,
(a) final product which prompted him to work on a solution.
(b) sample model (ii) Aryan created his automatic light sensor
(c) complete design using an LDR, circuit board, and wires,
(d) raw material and refined it with help from his elder
(ii) sustainable (line 26) brother and school science teacher.
(a) expensive
(iii) The municipal authorities tested Aryan’s
(b) eco-friendly
device on a few streetlights and later
(c) temporary
installed it across the neighborhood after
(d) durable
its success.
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of (iv) Aryan inspired his peers by starting a
‘reduce’ ? [1] “Smart Energy” club and teaching them
(i) lower to create energy-saving devices.
(ii) increase (v) Aryan’s invention reduced electricity
(iii) shrink wastage, lowered municipal costs, and
(iv) minimize turned his neighborhood into a model of
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your energy efficiency.
own words: (d) Aryan’s automatic light sensor reduced
(i) What prompted Aryan to work on saving electricity wastage by turning streetlights off
electricity? [2] during the day. His innovation saved energy
(ii) How did Aryan create his automatic light and lowered costs in his neighborhood. By
sensor? [2] creating a “Smart Energy” club, Aryan
(iii) What role did the municipal authorities play inspired others to explore technology for
in implementing Aryan’s idea? [2] community betterment, proving that small
(iv) How did Aryan inspire his peers to take ideas can lead to significant change.
action? [1]
19. Read the following passage carefully and answer
(v) What were the results of Aryan’s invention in
his neighborhood? [2] the questions that follow:
Clean drinking water is essential for life, yet
(d) Summarise how Aryan’s innovation addressed millions of people around the world struggle to
electricity wastage and inspired others in about access it. In many developing countries, water
50 words. [8] sources are contaminated with harmful bacteria,
Ans chemicals, and other pollutants. The lack of clean
water leads to severe health problems, including
(a) (i) (b) sample model
cholera, dysentery, and typhoid. Ensuring safe
“Prototype” refers to an early version or
drinking water is a global challenge, requiring
experimental model of a product used for
innovative solutions and coordinated efforts.
testing and refinement. In the passage, Aryan
One of the simplest ways to make water
created a prototype of his automatic light
safe is by boiling it. Boiling kills most bacteria
sensor before improving it for wider use.
and viruses, but it does not remove chemicals

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 117

Questions : (c) (i) Arjun’s dream was to become an artist,

(a) For each word given below, choose the correct despite limited resources in his village.
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options (ii) Mr. Dutta taught Arjun shading,
provided: [2] perspective, and the use of colors, giving
(i) vivid (line 22) him watercolors to practice.
(a) dull (iii) The village fair showcased Arjun’s
(b) bright paintings, gaining him recognition and
(c) unclear financial support.
(d) rough (iv) Arjun used the money to buy better
(ii) perspective (line 34) materials and support his family.
(a) viewpoint (v) Mr. Dutta advised Arjun to keep learning
(b) distance and growing as an artist.
(c) closeness (d) Arjun, a talented village boy, improved his
(d) location art under Mr. Dutta’s guidance. His paintings
gained recognition at the village fair, earning
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
him money and confidence. With dedication
‘hesitated’ ? [1]
and support, he achieved success, participating
(i) delayed
in exhibitions and inspiring others with his
(ii) continued
determination.
(iii) decided
(iv) acted 11. Read the following passage carefully and answer
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your the questions that follow:
own words: The weekly market was always lively, with its
(i) What was Arjun’s dream? [2] narrow lanes packed with vendors selling fresh
(ii) How did Mr. Dutta help Arjun improve his vegetables, handmade jewelry, and colorful
art? [2] textiles. Anya loved visiting the market. Her
(iii) What role did the village fair play in Arjun’s favorite spot was under the large neem tree, where
journey? [2] an old storyteller sat, weaving tales of courage,
(iv) How did Arjun use the money he earned from hope, and kindness. Anya never missed a chance
his paintings? [1] to hear his stories.
(v) What advice did Mr. Dutta give Arjun before One particular afternoon, as the storyteller
leaving? [2] began his tale, the crowd grew quiet. “Long ago,”
he started, “in a village surrounded by hills, lived
(d) Summarise Arjun’s journey from a curious boy to
a young girl named Leela. She was known for
a recognized artist in about 50 words. [8]
her kindness and extraordinary skill in weaving.
Ans Her shawls, adorned with intricate patterns, were
(a) (i) (b) bright admired far and wide.”
“Vivid” means something that is clear, bright, Leela’s life was not without challenges. One
or full of life. In the passage, Mr. Dutta year, the village faced a severe drought. The fields
blended colors to create bright and detailed dried up, leaving families with no crops and little
images. hope. Leela’s family, like many others, struggled
to make ends meet. Determined to help, Leela
(ii) (a) viewpoint
decided to create something extraordinary-a shawl
“Perspective” refers to the way things
so beautiful that it could change their fortune.
are viewed, especially in art. Mr. Dutta
For weeks, Leela worked tirelessly. Her shawl
taught Arjun about perspective, meaning
depicted the hills, rivers, and fields of her village,
viewpoint—how objects appear based on
all woven together in vibrant colors. The patterns
distance and angles.
seemed to tell a story of resilience and hope.
(b) (iv) acted Once it was complete, Leela took the shawl to the
“Hesitated” means to pause or be uncertain nearest town.
before acting. The opposite is “acted”, At first, people hesitated to pay the high price
meaning to take immediate action. she asked. But as more people saw the shawl’s
craftsmanship, they understood its value. A

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

(v) Ramesh was invited to speak at the vegetables grew lush and healthy. Tara was
seminar because of his leadership in thrilled to see the transformation and realized the
restoring the environment and inspiring importance of soil health in sustaining plant life.
others to take action. Inspired by the success of the garden,
(d) Ramesh led a tree-planting drive to combat Tara decided to share her knowledge with the
deforestation in his village. His efforts reduced neighboring households. She explained how
soil erosion, stabilized the river, and restored composting could reduce kitchen waste and
wildlife. By involving his school, villagers, and improve their gardens. Many families adopted her
local authorities, Ramesh transformed barren method, and the entire community began to see
land into thriving greenery, proving the the benefits.
power of collective action and determination By the end of the summer, Tara had become
in restoring nature. a local hero. The once-struggling gardens in her
grandmother’s village flourished, attracting birds,
17. Read the following passage carefully and answer bees, and butterflies. Tara’s grandmother often
the questions that follow: said, “You’ve not only brought the soil back to life,
Tara loved visiting her grandmother’s home during but you’ve also brought hope to our community.”
summer vacations. Nestled at the edge of a dense When Tara returned to her city, she started
forest, the house had a charm that Tara found a composting club in her school, teaching her
irresistible. Her grandmother, an avid gardener, classmates how to reduce waste and help the
had a lush backyard filled with flowers, herbs, and environment. Her efforts were recognized by
fruit trees. One day, while exploring the garden, the local municipal office, which awarded her a
Tara noticed that many plants had withered, and certificate for environmental awareness.
the once-vibrant flowers seemed dull. Concerned, Tara’s journey taught her that small actions,
she asked her grandmother what had happened. like turning waste into compost, can lead to
Her grandmother sighed and explained, “The significant change. Her project was proof that
soil has lost its nutrients over the years. Without one person’s determination can inspire many and
fertile soil, the plants struggle to grow, no matter create a lasting impact.
how much water or sunlight they get.” Tara Questions :
was saddened by this but determined to find a
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct
solution.
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
That evening, Tara sat down with her
provided: [2]
grandmother and asked if there was a way to
(i) withered (line 7)
improve the soil. Her grandmother shared stories
(a) bloomed
from her childhood about how they used natural
(b) faded
compost made from kitchen waste to enrich the
(c) fresh
soil. Tara was intrigued and decided to start a
(d) growing
composting project during her stay.
(ii) aeration (line 31)
The next morning, Tara began collecting
(a) adding water
kitchen scraps-vegetable peels, fruit skins, eggshells,
(b) adding air
and leftover food. With her grandmother’s help,
(c) removing soil
she dug a small pit in the backyard and layered
(d) reducing waste
it with organic waste and dry leaves. She added
some soil to speed up the decomposition process (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
and covered the pit to keep pests away. ‘dull’ ? [1]
Tara checked the pit every day, turning the (i) bright
mixture with a stick to ensure proper aeration. (ii) faded
Within a few weeks, the organic waste had broken (iii) pale
down into rich, dark compost. Tara and her (iv) weak
grandmother spread the compost in the garden, (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
hoping it would revive the plants. own words:
The results were astonishing. Slowly but (i) Why was Tara concerned about the garden?
surely, the plants began to recover. The flowers [2]
regained their bright colors, and the herbs and (ii) How did Tara learn about composting? [2]

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 119

talents. Their efforts united communities and Over time, the printing press evolved,
left lasting impacts. paving the way for newspapers, magazines, and
eventually the mass communication technologies
12. Read the following passage carefully and answer we use today. It laid the foundation for the
the questions that follow: modern knowledge economy, where information
The invention of the printing press in the is a critical resource. The invention remains one
15th century by Johannes Gutenberg was a of the most influential developments in history,
revolutionary moment in human history. Before shaping societies and cultures across the globe.
this invention, books were laboriously copied by Today, we live in a world where information
hand, a process that took months or even years is instantly available through digital media.
for a single volume. As a result, books were However, the principles established by the printing
expensive, rare, and accessible only to the wealthy press-spreading knowledge, enabling debate, and
and the clergy. The printing press changed all that fostering innovation-remain as relevant as ever.
by making books easier and faster to produce, Gutenberg’s invention reminds us of the power of
leading to a surge in knowledge and literacy. technology to transform lives and expand human
Gutenberg’s printing press used movable potential.
type-small, reusable metal letters that could Questions :
be rearranged to form words and sentences.
This innovation significantly reduced the time (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
required to produce a book. The first major book meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
printed using this technology was the Gutenberg provided: [2]
Bible, completed around 1455. It was not only (i) revolutionary (line 3)
a technological marvel but also a work of art, (a) peaceful
admired for its precision and beauty. (b) innovative
The impact of the printing press was (c) common
profound. For the first time, ideas could be (d) temporary
disseminated on a large scale. Scientists, writers, (ii) disseminated (line 22)
and philosophers began publishing their works, (a) restricted
which sparked debates and led to new discoveries. (b) shared
One notable example is Martin Luther, whose 95 (c) hidden
Theses, printed and distributed widely, became (d) forgotten
the foundation of the Protestant Reformation. (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
The printing press was also instrumental in ‘democratization’ ? [1]
spreading the ideas of the Renaissance and the (i) equality
Scientific Revolution, movements that reshaped (ii) elitism
European thought and culture. (iii) fairness
The increase in book production also led to (iv) freedom
the rise of vernacular languages. Previously, most (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
scholarly works were written in Latin, a language own words:
understood only by the educated elite. The (i) How did the printing press change the
printing press made it possible to publish books production of books? [2]
in local languages, enabling common people to (ii) What was the Gutenberg Bible, and why was
access literature, science, and religious texts. it significant? [2]
This democratization of knowledge helped bridge (iii) How did the printing press contribute to the
the gap between social classes and empowered spread of new ideas? [2]
individuals to think critically. (iv) Why did the printing press lead to fears
However, the printing press was not without among traditional authorities? [1]
its challenges. The sudden availability of books (v) In what ways is the printing press relevant to
led to fears that traditional authorities, such as modern society? [2]
the Church and monarchies, would lose control
over the flow of information. Efforts to censor (d) Summarise how the invention of the printing press
printed material were common, but they rarely transformed society, as discussed in the passage,
succeeded in curbing the spread of ideas. in about 50 words. [8]

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

Ans “Good morning, Grandpa,” she greeted him

(a) (i) (a) delicate cheerfully. He smiled and handed her a small pair
“Exquisite” means extremely beautiful and of scissors. “Good morning, Riya. Why don’t you
finely made. In the passage, Mohan’s clay help me with these bushes? I’ll teach you how to
pots and sculptures are described as exquisite, take care of them.”
indicating their delicate craftsmanship. Riya hesitated at first, unsure of how to handle
the sharp scissors. But with her grandfather’s
(ii) (a) doubtful
guidance, she soon got the hang of it. As they
“Skeptical” means having doubts or being
worked together, her grandfather began to share
unsure about something. Mohan was
a story. “You know, Riya, when I was your age, I
skeptical at first when Kunal brought the new
had a garden of my own. It wasn’t very big, but
clay, meaning he was unsure whether it was
it was my pride and joy. I grew vegetables and
actually better.
flowers and even managed to sell some of them at
(b) (ii) extraordinary the local market.”
“Ordinary” means common or unremarkable, “Really, Grandpa?” Riya asked, intrigued.
while its opposite is “extraordinary,” which “What did you do with the money you earned?”
means exceptional or remarkable. Her grandfather chuckled. “I used it to buy
(c) (i) Kunal’s father, Mohan, was known for books. Back then, books were my window to the
making beautiful clay pots and sculptures. world. I couldn’t travel much, but through stories
(ii) Kunal found the unusual clay while and knowledge, I could imagine far-off places and
exploring the forest near their town. different lives.”
(iii) The new clay made Mohan’s pottery As the day went on, Riya and her grandfather
easier to mold and improved the quality worked on the garden. He taught her how to plant
and beauty of the final products. seeds, water the plants correctly, and protect
(iv) Their workshop became popular because them from pests. By the end of the day, the
visitors could learn pottery and enjoy backyard looked neater and Riya felt a sense of
creating their designs. accomplishment.
(v) Kunal improved the business by painting In the evening, as they sat on the porch
intricate patterns on the pots, making enjoying a cool breeze, her grandfather handed
them more attractive and unique. her a book. “This was my favorite when I was
a child,” he said. “It’s about a boy who dreams
(d) Kunal and Mohan transformed their pottery
of becoming an explorer.” Riya opened the book
business by using fine clay, creating unique
eagerly and began to read.
designs, and introducing pottery sessions for
Over the next few weeks, Riya and her
visitors. This not only increased their income
grandfather spent their mornings in the garden
but also enhanced their reputation. Their
and their evenings with stories. She learned not
innovative efforts turned their workshop into
only about gardening but also about patience
a flourishing center of creativity, inspiring the
and persistence. Her grandfather often said,
entire town.
“Gardening is like life, Riya. You have to nurture
what you plant and give it time to grow.”
When her grandfather finally returned home,
7. Read the following passage carefully and answer Riya felt a twinge of sadness but also gratitude.
the questions that follow: She had not only learned new skills but also
It was the first day of the summer holidays, created memories she would treasure forever.
and Riya woke up earlier than usual. She had Questions :
been looking forward to spending time with her
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct
grandfather, who had come to stay with them
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
for a few weeks. Her grandfather was a retired
provided: [2]
schoolteacher with a love for gardening and
(i) pruning (line 10)
storytelling and Riya enjoyed listening to his tales
(a) cutting
of childhood adventures.
(b) growing
That morning, Riya found him sitting in
(c) planting
the backyard, carefully pruning the rose bushes.
(d) watering

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 121

Today, Rohit’s story is a source of pride for (b) (iii) confident

his village. His innovative approach to farming “Skeptical” means doubtful or uncertain. The
demonstrated that age is no barrier to making a opposite of this is “confident,” which means
difference, and small ideas can lead to big changes. having trust or certainty in something.
Questions : (c) (i) Rohit was inspired to explore new farming
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct techniques after noticing wildflowers
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options thriving effortlessly and realizing crops
provided: [2] could potentially grow with less effort
(i) sprawling (line 1) and water.
(a) narrow (ii) Mr. Verma encouraged Rohit to research
(b) wide sustainable farming and supported him
(c) hidden by providing resources and opportunities
(d) growing to share his knowledge.
(ii) sustainable (line 17) (iii) Rohit’s experimental patch used natural
(a) harmful compost, companion planting, and
(b) expensive required less water, unlike traditional
(c) eco-friendly methods that relied on chemical fertilizers.
(d) temporary (iv) Rohit’s techniques improved crop health,
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of increased profits, and reduced dependency
‘skeptical’ ? [1] on chemical inputs in the village.
(i) doubtful (v) Rohit was invited to the agricultural fair
(ii) unsure because his innovative farming methods
(iii) confident significantly impacted his village and
(iv) hesitant demonstrated the potential of sustainable
practices.
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
(d) Rohit’s innovative farming methods
own words:
revolutionized his village’s approach to
(i) What inspired Rohit to explore new farming
agriculture. By using natural compost,
techniques? [2]
companion planting, and water-efficient
(ii) What role did Mr. Verma play in Rohit’s
techniques, he improved crop yields and
journey? [2]
reduced expenses. His workshops inspired
(iii) How did Rohit’s experimental patch differ
other farmers, and his efforts were recognized
from traditional farming methods? [2]
as a model for sustainable farming, proving
(iv) What was the impact of Rohit’s techniques
that small initiatives can create lasting
on the village? [1]
change.
(v) Why was Rohit invited to speak at the
agricultural fair? [2] 14. Read the following passage carefully and answer
(d) Summarise how Rohit used his innovative farming the questions that follow:
methods to inspire change in his village in about Ishita sat at her desk, sketching ideas for
50 words. [8] her next project. As a 14-year-old, she loved
Ans experimenting with new concepts and turning
them into something meaningful. Her mother
(a) (i) (b) wide
often called her a problem solver, a title Ishita
“Sprawling” refers to something that spreads
wore with pride. This time, her focus was on the
out over a large area. In the passage, it
environment. She had recently learned in school
describes the vastness of the field in front of
about the growing problem of plastic pollution
Rohit’s house.
and its impact on marine life.
(ii) (c) eco-friendly While walking home from school one day,
“Sustainable” means practices that can be Ishita noticed piles of plastic waste littering the
maintained over time without harming the streets and clogging the drains. It was a sight
environment. In the passage, Rohit learns she could no longer ignore. Determined to act,
about sustainable farming techniques that she began researching ways to tackle the issue.
improve soil health and reduce chemical use. During her research, she discovered the concept

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

The success of Ravi’s efforts quickly spread (ii) How did the villagers initially react to Ravi’s
throughout the village. The headman, impressed efforts? [2]
by his ingenuity, visited his home to see the (iii) What impact did the rainwater harvesting
system. “You’ve done something remarkable, systems have on the village? [2]
Ravi,” he said. With the headman’s support, Ravi (iv) Why did Ravi’s schoolteacher write about
began helping other families build similar systems. him? [1]
Soon, nearly every household in Chandrapur had (v) How did Ravi’s initiative bring the community
a rainwater harvesting system. together? [2]
The results were transformative. The (d) Summarise Ravi’s contribution to solving
stored rainwater saved their crops and reduced Chandrapur’s water crisis in not more than fifty
dependence on the river. Over time, the community words. [8]
even built larger tanks to store more rainwater.
Ravi’s initiative didn’t just solve the immediate Ans
water crisis; it brought the village together in a (a) (i) (b) diminishing
shared effort to conserve resources. “Dwindling” means gradually decreasing or
Ravi’s schoolteacher wrote an article becoming less. In the passage, the river’s
about his work, which was published in a local water supply was dwindling, meaning it was
newspaper. The article praised Ravi for his reducing in amount.
determination and innovation, calling him a role
(ii) (c) revolutionary
model for young people. Despite the attention,
“Transformative” refers to something that
Ravi remained humble, saying, “I only wanted to
brings about significant change. Ravi’s
help my village.”
initiative changed Chandrapur’s approach to
Today, Chandrapur is cited as an example of
water conservation, making it a revolutionary
how a single idea, combined with determination,
step for the village.
can create significant change. Ravi’s rainwater
harvesting systems are a testament to the power (b) (iii) confident
of simple solutions in solving complex problems. “Doubtful” means uncertain or unsure,
Questions : while “confident” means feeling sure about
something.
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options (c) (i) Ravi was inspired to try rainwater
provided: [2] harvesting after learning about it in
(i) dwindling (line 11) school from his teacher.
(a) increasing (ii) Some villagers mocked Ravi, doubting his
(b) diminishing efforts, while others observed his work
(c) flowing with curiosity.
(d) unstable (iii) The rainwater harvesting systems saved
(ii) transformative (line 42) crops, reduced reliance on the river, and
(a) unchanged provided a sustainable solution for water
(b) superficial storage.
(c) revolutionary (iv) Ravi’s schoolteacher wrote about him
(d) helpful to showcase how his determination and
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of innovation brought hope to Chandrapur.
‘doubtful’ ? [1] (v) Ravi’s initiative united the villagers in
(i) uncertain building rainwater harvesting systems,
(ii) curious fostering collaboration and resource
(iii) confident conservation.
(iv) careless (d) Ravi solved Chandrapur’s water crisis by
introducing rainwater harvesting systems.
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
His efforts saved crops, reduced dependence
own words:
on the river, and united the community in
(i) What inspired Ravi to try rainwater
a shared goal of conserving water. Ravi’s
harvesting? [2]
determination proved how simple ideas can
bring about significant change.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 123

(c) (i) Ishita was inspired by the sight of plastic Neha was eager to implement it in her village.
waste on the streets and the concept of Neha first discussed her idea with her family,
eco-bricks, which she discovered during who were supportive but skeptical about how
her research on plastic pollution. she could make it happen. Undeterred, she
(ii) Ishita involved her school by proposing gathered her classmates and shared her plan
the eco-brick project, raising awareness with them. They agreed to help, and together,
through posters and assemblies, and they approached the village headman. Initially
leading students in creating eco-bricks hesitant, the headman was eventually convinced
from collected plastic waste. by Neha’s determination and agreed to lend
(iii) The school’s project resulted in a cleaner support.
environment and a bench built from Over the next few weeks, Neha and her team
eco-bricks, symbolizing collective effort worked tirelessly to gather resources. They used
against plastic pollution. stones, sandbags, and clay to construct a small
(iv) The community benefited from cleaner check dam across a seasonal stream near the
streets, unclogged drains, and the creative village. The entire community pitched in, inspired
use of eco-bricks for practical purposes by the enthusiasm of the young students. Even
like garden borders and seating. the elders, who were initially doubtful, joined the
(v) Ishita was recognized for her leadership effort.
and innovative efforts in reducing plastic When the first rains arrived, the check dam
waste and inspiring her community to filled up quickly, creating a small reservoir. The
take action. trapped water slowly seeped into the ground,
(d) Ishita’s eco-brick project addressed plastic recharging the wells and improving the soil’s
pollution by repurposing waste into reusable moisture. The villagers were overjoyed to see the
building blocks. Her efforts united her school positive impact of Neha’s idea. Crops began to
and community, resulting in cleaner streets, thrive, and the water supply became more reliable.
reduced waste, and practical uses for eco- Neha’s success didn’t stop there. She
bricks. Ishita’s leadership demonstrated how organized awareness drives, teaching villagers
small actions and collaboration can create how to conserve water and use it more efficiently.
meaningful environmental change. With the help of her school, she wrote to local
authorities, requesting funds to build more check
dams. Her efforts caught the attention of the
district administration, which offered technical
15. Read the following passage carefully and answer and financial support for future projects.
the questions that follow: The transformation in the village was
The early morning sun bathed the fields in golden remarkable. Within a year, the community had
light as Neha walked along the narrow path to built several small check dams, ensuring a steady
the community well. It was a routine she followed water supply even during dry seasons. Neha’s
every day, carrying a heavy pot of water back leadership and dedication became a source of
home to her family. Though she was only 15, pride for the village.
Neha was aware of the challenges her village faced At a community gathering, the headman
due to water scarcity. praised Neha, saying, “This young girl has shown
During the dry season, the well often ran us that one idea, combined with determination,
low, and families had to ration water carefully. can change our future.” Neha, in her humble
Neha frequently heard the elders lament about manner, responded, “This is our success. Together,
the dwindling water table and the lack of rain. we’ve made a difference.”
She had seen crops wither and children fall ill Today, Neha’s story is an inspiration for many
from drinking contaminated water. Determined neighboring villages. Her efforts proved that even
to help, Neha decided to find a solution. the youngest members of a community can lead
Her school science teacher had once explained the way in solving critical issues.
the benefits of building check dams to conserve Questions :
water. Inspired, Neha researched how small dams
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct
could trap rainwater and replenish groundwater
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
levels. The idea was simple yet effective, and
provided: [2]

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

Ans limited.
(a) (i) (a) decay Arjun’s parents were farmers who worked
“Disrepair” refers to a poor or ruined hard to make ends meet. They supported his
condition due to neglect. In the passage, the interest but often reminded him to focus on
abandoned library was in disrepair, meaning helping with the fields. However, Arjun managed
it had fallen into decay. to balance his chores and passion. Early mornings
were his favorite time to draw, before the day’s
(ii) (b) action
work began.
“Initiative” refers to taking the first step
One day, as he wandered near the riverbank,
toward something or beginning a plan. In the
he noticed a group of tourists gathered around
passage, Akshay took the initiative to restore
a painter. The painter, seated with an easel and
the library, meaning he took action.
colors, was capturing the beauty of the river.
(b) (ii) thriving Arjun watched in awe as the painter worked,
“Abandoned” means left neglected, whereas blending colors and creating vivid images. The
“thriving” means flourishing or active. The artist, sensing his curiosity, called him closer and
library was once abandoned but later became introduced himself as Mr. Dutta, a traveler who
a thriving community hub. visited villages to find inspiration for his art.
(c) (i) Akshay and his friends were inspired by “Do you like painting?” Mr. Dutta asked.
their childhood memories of the library Arjun nodded enthusiastically. He hesitated but
and their desire to promote reading. finally showed his notebook filled with sketches.
(ii) The volunteers collected books by Mr. Dutta was impressed by the boy’s talent.
appealing to residents, who donated over “You have a good eye for detail,” he said. “Do
2,000 books of various genres. you want to learn more about art?”
(iii) The restored library features vibrant From that day, Arjun began meeting Mr.
murals, a children’s reading corner, and Dutta every morning. Under his guidance, Arjun
a digital resource section with internet learned about shading, perspective, and using
access. colors effectively. Mr. Dutta even gave him a
(iv) The municipality pledged funds for small box of watercolors, saying, “Every artist
maintenance, and businesses donated starts somewhere. These are for you.”
furniture, books, and free internet Arjun practiced tirelessly, and his improvement
services. was evident. He started painting landscapes, the
(v) Akshay plans to host weekly reading river, and scenes of daily life in the village. His
sessions, book clubs, creative writing paintings began to draw attention, and the village
workshops, and public speaking events. headman invited him to display his work at the
annual fair. At first, Arjun was nervous, but with
(d) Akshay and his friends transformed an
Mr. Dutta’s encouragement, he agreed.
abandoned library into a vibrant community
The fair was a turning point. Arjun’s
space by restoring its structure, collecting
paintings became the highlight of the event,
books, and adding digital resources. Their
attracting visitors from nearby towns. Some even
efforts inspired municipal and business
offered to buy his work. For the first time, Arjun
support, creating a cultural hub that
earned money through his art, which he used to
promotes learning, creativity, and connection
buy better materials and help his family.
for the entire community.
Before leaving the village, Mr. Dutta told
10. Read the following passage carefully and answer Arjun, “Your journey as an artist has just
the questions that follow: begun. Keep learning and growing.” Inspired,
The sun had barely risen when Arjun stepped out Arjun continued honing his skills. Over time, his
of his small house. He carried a worn notebook paintings gained recognition beyond the village,
and pencil, tools he used to sketch everything and he was invited to participate in exhibitions
that fascinated him. Arjun loved drawing-whether in the city.
it was the trees swaying in the wind, the animals Arjun’s story became a symbol of
grazing in the fields, or the simple joys of village determination and talent in the village. He proved
life. His dream was to become an artist, but in that dreams could be achieved with dedication
his small village, resources for learning art were and the right guidance.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 125

He created posters highlighting the importance (c) forest cover

of trees and distributed them door-to-door. Many (d) fertile land
villagers, especially the elders, appreciated his (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
initiative and volunteered to help. Together, they ‘sparse’ ? [1]
identified barren areas near the river and fields (i) abundant
where trees could be planted. (ii) barren
With the help of the villagers, Ramesh (iii) scattered
organized several plantation drives over the (iv) thin
next few months. They planted native trees
that required less water and could survive in the (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
village’s dry conditions. Ramesh also encouraged own words:
people to nurture the saplings by assigning them (i) What inspired Ramesh to start a tree-planting
“tree guardians,” villagers who would care for drive? [2]
specific plants. (ii) How did Ramesh involve his school in the
The impact of Ramesh’s initiative became plantation initiative? [2]
evident within a year. The new trees helped reduce (iii) What steps did Ramesh take to ensure the
soil erosion, and the river’s water levels began to survival of the saplings? [2]
stabilize. Birds and small animals returned to the (iv) How did the villagers benefit from Ramesh’s
area, and the fields became greener. The villagers efforts? [1]
noticed how their environment was slowly healing, (v) Why was Ramesh invited to speak at an
and many credited Ramesh for leading the effort. environmental seminar? [2]
To raise further awareness, Ramesh (d) Summarise how Ramesh’s efforts helped restore
collaborated with his school to organize an his village’s environment in about 50 words. [8]
environment day. Students performed plays
Ans
about the importance of trees and shared facts
about deforestation. The event attracted people (a) (i) (b) dry
from neighboring villages, spreading the message “Parched” means extremely dry or lacking
beyond his own community. moisture. In the passage, it describes the
Ramesh’s efforts didn’t go unnoticed. The fields that had lost water due to deforestation.
local government recognized his contribution to (ii) (a) variety of life
the environment and provided additional resources “Biodiversity” refers to the variety of plant
for tree planting and water conservation projects. and animal life in a particular area. The
Ramesh was invited to speak at an environmental passage mentions that deforestation led to the
seminar, where he shared his journey and inspired “loss of biodiversity,” meaning many different
others to act. species of plants and animals were affected.
Today, Ramesh’s village stands as a symbol
“Sparse” means thinly scattered or not
of how collective efforts can restore nature. His
dense, so its opposite is “abundant,” meaning
determination showed that even young individuals
plentiful or full.
can make a lasting impact. The once-sparse land
now flourishes with greenery, reminding everyone (b) (i) abundant
of the power of community and perseverance. (c) (i) Ramesh was inspired by his grandfather’s
Questions : stories about the village’s past and how
deforestation had caused environmental
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct
problems.
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
(ii) Ramesh convinced his school principal
provided: [2]
to organize a tree plantation event and
(i) parched (line 7)
motivated his classmates to participate.
(a) soaked
(b) dry (iii) He planted native trees and assigned
(c) cold “tree guardians” to care for the saplings,
(d) rough ensuring their survival.
(ii) biodiversity (line 13) (iv) The villagers benefited from reduced soil
(a) variety of life erosion, stabilized water levels, and the
(b) destruction of life return of wildlife.

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

(ii) resilience (line 39) the names of her associates, standing firm
(a) fragility in the face of intimidation.
(b) determination (iii) For Asha, the marigold symbolized
(c) hesitation resilience, growing brightly even in harsh
(d) despair conditions, much like their fight for
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of freedom.
‘confiscated’ ? [1] (iv) The villagers celebrated Independence
(i) seized Day by raising the tricolor and gathering
(ii) returned with pride and joy.
(iii) withheld (v) Maya felt inspired by Asha’s bravery,
(iv) hidden resilience, and dedication to a cause
larger than herself, which ignited a spark
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
of admiration and purpose.
own words:
(d) Maya learned the values of courage, resilience,
(i) Why did Maya love exploring her
and standing up for justice from her great-
grandmother’s attic? [2]
grandmother’s diary. Asha’s unwavering
(ii) How did Asha show courage during her
bravery and dedication during India’s freedom
encounter with the British officer? [2]
struggle taught Maya the importance of hope
(iii) What did the marigold symbolize for Asha?
and determination in overcoming challenges
[2]
and inspired her to value these qualities in
(iv) How did the villagers celebrate Independence
her own life.
Day in Asha’s diary? [1]
(v) Why did Maya feel inspired after reading her 23. Read the following passage carefully and answer
great-grandmother’s diary? [2] the questions that follow:
(d) Summarise the values Maya learned from her Last Saturday, the quiet streets of Willowtown
great-grandmother’s diary, as described in the were buzzing with excitement as the annual
passage, in about 50 words. [8] community market opened in the town square.
This event had been a tradition for over two
Ans
decades, bringing together locals to showcase
(a) (i) (a) threaten their creativity, produce, and crafts. People of
“Intimidate” means to make someone feel all ages participated, turning the market into a
afraid or nervous, usually to force them vibrant celebration of community spirit.
into doing something. In the passage, the Mira, a 14-year-old student, was one of the
British soldiers tried to intimidate Asha and youngest participants. She had spent weeks
the protesters, meaning they attempted to preparing handmade candles for her stall, hoping
threaten or scare them into submission. to raise money for the local animal shelter. Her
(ii) (b) determination candles, crafted with natural wax and scented
“Resilience” refers to the ability to recover with lavender, rosemary, and vanilla, were both
from difficulties or endure hardships with beautiful and eco-friendly. “I wanted to do
strength. In the passage, Asha compares something meaningful,” Mira explained. “The
resilience to a marigold, which survives and animal shelter has always been close to my heart.”
blooms despite harsh conditions. The correct The market was divided into sections. One
meaning here is determination. area featured local farmers selling fresh fruits
and vegetables, another showcased handmade
(b) (ii) returned
jewelry and pottery, while another displayed
“Confiscated” means to take away something
baked goods and homemade jams. The aroma of
by authority, often permanently. The opposite
freshly baked bread and cinnamon pastries filled
of this would be to give something back,
the air, mingling with the sound of laughter and
which is best represented by “returned”.
live music performed by a local band.
(c) (i) Maya loved exploring the attic because Mira’s stall quickly became popular. People
it felt like a treasure chest filled with old were drawn to the soft glow of her candles and the
books, trinkets, and stories. heartfelt cause behind them. A woman bought
(ii) Asha showed courage by refusing to reveal ten candles, praising Mira’s initiative. “It’s not

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(iii) What steps did Tara take to make compost? 18. Read the following passage carefully and answer
[2] the questions that follow:
(iv) What changes did the garden show after Aryan loved tinkering with gadgets and building
using compost? [1] small projects in his free time. His fascination with
(v) How did Tara share her knowledge beyond technology often led him to explore how things
her grandmother’s village? [2] worked. One afternoon, while walking through
(d) Summarise how Tara’s composting project helped his neighborhood, he noticed the streetlights
revive the garden and inspire others in about 50 were still on despite the bright sunlight. Aryan
words. [8] realized how much electricity was being wasted
and decided to do something about it.
Ans Back home, Aryan began researching ways
(a) (i) (b) faded to save electricity. He came across the concept of
“Withered” means dried up, shriveled, or lost automatic light sensors, which could turn lights
freshness due to lack of water or nutrients. In on or off based on the surrounding light levels.
the passage, it refers to the plants in Tara’s Excited by the idea, Aryan decided to create his
grandmother’s garden losing their vitality. own version using simple components.
He gathered materials like a light-dependent
(ii) (b) adding air
resistor (LDR), a small circuit board, and a few
“Aeration” refers to the process of introducing
wires. With guidance from his elder brother, who
air into a substance. In composting, aeration
was an engineering student, Aryan built a basic
helps speed up decomposition by allowing
prototype. The device could detect light levels
oxygen to reach microorganisms that break
and automatically switch the lights off during the
down organic matter.
day and on at night.
(b) (i) bright Aryan tested the prototype on a lamp at
“Dull” means lacking brightness or vibrancy. home, and it worked perfectly. Encouraged by his
The opposite of dull is “bright,” which means success, he shared his invention with his school
lively, colorful, or radiant. science teacher, who was impressed and suggested
(c) (i) Tara was concerned because the plants improving the design to make it suitable for
had withered, and the garden had lost its streetlights. Aryan refined his model, making it
vibrant colors due to poor soil health. more durable and weather-resistant.
(ii) Tara learned about composting from The next challenge was convincing the local
her grandmother, who shared stories of authorities to implement his idea. Aryan prepared
using natural compost made from kitchen a presentation, explaining how the device worked
waste. and how it could save electricity. The municipal
(iii) Tara collected organic waste, layered it officer was initially skeptical but agreed to test
with dry leaves and soil in a pit, and the device on a few streetlights in the area.
turned it regularly to create compost. Within a month, the results were clear-
(iv) The garden showed healthier, vibrant the electricity bills for the trial area had
plants and a lush recovery after using the significantly reduced. Seeing the potential, the
compost. authorities decided to install Aryan’s devices on
all the streetlights in the neighborhood. Aryan’s
(v) Tara started a composting club at her
innovation not only saved electricity but also
school, teaching her classmates and
reduced costs for the local administration.
spreading awareness about reducing
News of Aryan’s invention spread quickly.
waste and improving soil health.
Local newspapers featured his story, and his
(d) Tara revived her grandmother’s garden by
school organized a special assembly to honor his
making compost from kitchen waste, enriching
efforts. Aryan’s project inspired many students
the soil, and bringing plants back to life. She
to explore ways they could contribute to their
shared her method with the community,
communities through science and technology.
inspiring them to adopt composting. Her
Aryan didn’t stop there. He started a “Smart
school club further spread environmental
Energy” club in his school, where he taught his
awareness, proving that simple actions can
peers how to create simple devices that could
lead to transformative change.
save energy. The club organized workshops and

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

Ans to do something meaningful, something that

(a) (i) (b) innovative would make a difference.
“Revolutionary” refers to something that One day, while helping his father till the
brings about major change or innovation. soil, Rohit noticed something unusual-a patch
The invention of the printing press was of wildflowers growing near the edge of the field.
groundbreaking in book production. Unlike the crops, which required constant care,
the wildflowers thrived effortlessly. This sight
(ii) (b) shared
sparked an idea. What if there was a way to grow
“Disseminated” means spread or distributed
crops that required less water and effort?
widely. In the passage, it refers to how the
Rohit shared his thoughts with his
printing press allowed ideas to be widely
schoolteacher, Mr. Verma, who encouraged him
shared.
to research sustainable farming techniques. Rohit
(b) (ii) elitism began spending hours in the school library, reading
“Democratization” refers to making something books and watching videos about organic farming
accessible to all people, while “elitism” refers and permaculture. He learned about companion
to restricting access to a privileged few. planting, crop rotation, and the importance of
(c) (i) The printing press made book production preserving soil health.
faster and cheaper, allowing books to be The next weekend, Rohit decided to
produced in weeks instead of months or experiment. He cleared a small section of the field
years. and planted vegetables alongside flowers that
(ii) The Gutenberg Bible was the first attracted bees and other pollinators. He used
major book printed using movable type, natural compost made from kitchen waste instead
admired for its technological innovation of chemical fertilizers. Though his father was
and artistic quality. skeptical, he allowed Rohit to continue.
(iii) The printing press allowed ideas to spread Weeks passed, and the results were
widely, influencing movements like the astounding. Rohit’s experimental patch not only
Protestant Reformation, the Renaissance, yielded healthy crops but also required less water
and the Scientific Revolution. and no chemical inputs. The wildflowers helped
(iv) Authorities feared losing control over keep pests away, while the natural compost
information due to the widespread enriched the soil. Word of his success spread
availability of printed material. quickly, and neighbors began visiting to learn
(v) The printing press remains relevant as it about his methods.
laid the foundation for the dissemination Encouraged by the response, Rohit started
of knowledge, innovation, and mass sharing his knowledge with other farmers. He held
communication in modern society. small workshops in the village, teaching them
how to adopt organic farming practices. With
(d) The printing press revolutionized society by
Mr. Verma’s help, Rohit also wrote articles about
making books accessible, spreading ideas,
sustainable farming for the district newsletter.
and fostering critical thinking. It empowered
By the next harvest season, many farmers in
individuals, democratized knowledge, and
the village had adopted Rohit’s techniques. The
influenced movements like the Renaissance
fields looked healthier, the crops fetched higher
and Reformation. Despite fears from
prices at the market, and the village’s dependence
traditional authorities, its legacy continues
on expensive fertilizers decreased significantly.
in modern communication and education,
Rohit’s efforts not only improved the villagers’
transforming how societies share and preserve
livelihoods but also strengthened their connection
information.
to the environment.
13. Read the following passage carefully and answer The local authorities recognized Rohit’s
the questions that follow: contribution and invited him to speak at an
Rohit sat on the porch, gazing at the sprawling agricultural fair. Nervous but excited, Rohit
field in front of his house. His family owned a shared his journey with an audience of farmers,
small piece of land on which they grew vegetables scientists, and officials. His speech emphasized
to sell at the local market. Life in the village was the importance of working with nature rather
quiet, but for Rohit, it was often dull. He longed than against it.

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or impurities. For areas with high levels of requires sustainable practices, such as water
contamination, advanced purification methods conservation, rainwater harvesting, and the
like reverse osmosis and UV filtration are more protection of natural water sources.
effective. These technologies, however, are Clean water is a basic human right, yet
expensive and often unavailable in remote regions. achieving universal access requires collective
To address this issue, many non-governmental responsibility. By combining technology,
organizations (NGOs) and scientists are developing education, and policy, we can ensure that clean
cost-effective solutions. One such innovation is the water becomes available to all. The journey to
“LifeStraw,” a portable water filter that removes solve this crisis is long, but every step brings us
bacteria and parasites. Another is solar water closer to a healthier and more equitable world.
disinfection, or SODIS, which uses sunlight to kill Questions :
germs in clear plastic bottles. Both methods are (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
affordable and easy to use, making them suitable meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
for rural areas. provided: [2]
In addition to technology, education plays (i) contaminated (line 4)
a key role in ensuring access to clean water. (a) polluted
Communities need to be aware of simple hygiene (b) clean
practices, such as washing hands and keeping (c) neutral
water sources clean. Schools and local health (d) purified
workers often conduct workshops to teach people (ii) scarcity (line 38)
how to prevent waterborne diseases. These efforts (a) abundance
can significantly reduce the health risks associated (b) shortage
with contaminated water. (c) loss
Governments and international organizations (d) availability
also play a critical role in addressing water
scarcity and contamination. Large-scale projects, (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
such as building wells, reservoirs, and water ‘intensifies’ ? [1]
treatment plants, require substantial funding and (i) increases
expertise. Partnerships between governments, (ii) weakens
NGOs, and private companies are often necessary (iii) strengthens
to implement such initiatives. (iv) amplifies
One inspiring example is the Clean Ganga (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
Project in India, which aims to reduce pollution in own words:
the Ganga River. The project focuses on treating (i) Why is clean water important for life? [2]
industrial waste, improving sewage systems, and (ii) What are the limitations of boiling water as a
promoting community participation in cleaning purification method? [2]
the river. Similar initiatives in other parts of (iii) How do innovations like the LifeStraw and
the world, such as the Thames River Cleanup in SODIS help provide clean water? [2]
England, demonstrate the importance of collective (iv) How does clean water affect education and
action in solving water-related issues. economic growth? [1]
The importance of clean water extends beyond (v) What steps can governments take to improve
health. It affects education, economic growth, and access to clean water? [2]
overall quality of life. Children in areas without
(d) Explain why solving the clean water crisis requires
access to clean water often miss school due to
a collective approach, as discussed in the passage,
illness or the need to fetch water from distant
in about 50 words. [8]
sources. Women and girls, in particular, bear
the burden of fetching water, which limits their Ans
opportunities for education and employment. (a) (i) (a) polluted
As climate change intensifies, the availability “Contaminated” means to be impure or
of clean water is becoming an even greater unclean due to the presence of harmful
concern. Rising temperatures, reduced rainfall, substances. In the passage, it refers to water
and shrinking glaciers threaten water supplies sources that contain bacteria, chemicals, and
in many regions. Addressing these challenges pollutants, making them unsafe for drinking.

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

(i) dwindling (line 11) (ii) Neha convinced the villagers by gathering
(a) increasing her classmates, explaining the benefits
(b) abundant of a check dam, and demonstrating her
(c) reducing commitment to the project.
(d) stable (iii) The check dam improved the water
(ii) replenish (line 18) supply, recharged wells, and increased
(a) empty soil moisture, helping crops thrive.
(b) restore (iv) The district administration provided
(c) consume technical and financial support to build
(d) destroy more check dams.
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of (v) Neha’s story teaches that teamwork and
‘doubtful’ ? [1] determination can overcome even critical
(i) supportive challenges like water scarcity.
(ii) reliable (d) Neha’s leadership addressed her village’s
(iii) confident water scarcity by building a check dam to
(iv) certain conserve rainwater. Her efforts recharged
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your wells, improved crop health, and inspired
own words: villagers to work together. With community
(i) What inspired Neha to build a check dam in support and government aid, she transformed
her village? [2] her village, proving that determination and
(ii) How did Neha convince the villagers to collaboration can solve even the most pressing
support her project? [2] problems.
(iii) What were the benefits of the check dam
16. Read the following passage carefully and answer
built by Neha and her team? [2]
(iv) How did the district administration support the questions that follow:
Neha’s efforts? [1] Ramesh loved the lush greenery surrounding his
(v) What lesson does Neha’s story teach about village. Tall trees, sprawling fields, and a small
community efforts? [2] river made the area picturesque. But recently, he
(d) Summarise how Neha’s leadership helped solve had noticed something troubling-several trees were
the water scarcity problem in her village in about being cut down, leaving the once-thriving forests
50 words. [8] sparse. The river’s water levels had dropped, and
the fields looked parched. Ramesh, 16 years old
Ans and deeply concerned about the environment,
(a) (i) (c) reducing decided to take action.
“Dwindling” means gradually decreasing or His first step was to speak to his grandfather,
becoming less. In the passage, the villagers a retired forest ranger. “Deforestation is the root
were concerned about the “dwindling water of many problems,” his grandfather explained.
table,” meaning the groundwater level was “It leads to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and
getting lower. even affects rainfall.” He shared stories of how,
years ago, the village thrived because of its dense
(ii) (b) restore
forests and abundant resources. Inspired by these
“Replenish” means to refill or restore
stories, Ramesh decided to start a tree-planting
something that has been used up. In the
drive.
passage, the check dam helped replenish
Ramesh began by convincing his school
groundwater levels, meaning it restored the
principal to let him organize a tree plantation
water supply.
event on campus. The principal, impressed by
(b) (iii) confident Ramesh’s enthusiasm, agreed to provide saplings
“Doubtful” means uncertain or lacking and tools for the event. Ramesh also spoke to his
confidence, so its opposite is “confident,” classmates, encouraging them to join the cause.
meaning sure or convinced. Over the weekend, the students planted dozens of
(c) (i) Neha was inspired by her science teacher, trees in the schoolyard.
who explained the benefits of check dams Seeing the success of the event, Ramesh
for conserving water. decided to take his efforts to the entire village.

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industrial jobs. (ii) (a) moving to cities

Despite its challenges, the Industrial “Urbanization” refers to the process in which
Revolution paved the way for technological people move from rural areas to cities in
advancements that continue to shape our world. search of jobs and better living conditions.
From the assembly line to modern-day robotics, In the passage, it describes how people left
the foundation laid during this period has driven villages to work in factories.
innovation and economic growth. The legacy of (b) (ii) obstacle
the Industrial Revolution is evident in nearly every “Opportunity” means a favorable chance for
aspect of contemporary life, from transportation progress or success, while “obstacle” means a
and communication to healthcare and education. hindrance or challenge that prevents success.
Questions :
(c) (i) The steam engine powered factories, trains,
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct and ships, improving transportation and
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options production efficiency.
provided: [2] (ii) Living conditions were overcrowded,
(i) revolutionized (line 6) unsanitary, and prone to diseases like
(a) complicated cholera and typhoid.
(b) transformed
(iii) Industrial nations imported raw materials
(c) delayed
and exported finished goods, creating
(d) simplified
global trade networks but exploiting
(ii) urbanization (line 22)
colonized regions.
(a) moving to cities
(iv) Social reforms were needed to address
(b) farming practices
poor working conditions, unfair wages,
(c) city development
and child labor.
(d) population decline
(v) Education provided workers with the
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of skills required for industrial jobs and
‘opportunity’ ? [1] supported technological advancements.
(i) advantage (d) The Industrial Revolution transformed
(ii) obstacle society by urbanizing communities, creating
(iii) chance jobs, and inspiring social reforms. It expanded
(iv) growth global trade networks, with industrialized
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your nations benefiting more than colonized
own words: regions. While it improved productivity and
(i) How did the steam engine contribute to the innovation, challenges like harsh working
Industrial Revolution? [2] conditions and exploitation highlighted the
(ii) What were the living conditions like in need for education and reforms to create a
industrial cities during the revolution? [2] more equitable industrial economy.
(iii) How did the Industrial Revolution affect
21. Read the following passage carefully and answer
global trade? [2]
(iv) Why were social reforms necessary during the the questions that follow:
Industrial Revolution? [1] The phenomenon of global warming has become
(v) What role did education play in industrialized one of the most pressing environmental issues
nations? [2] of our time. It refers to the gradual increase
in Earth’s average temperature, primarily due
(d) Summarise the impact of the Industrial Revolution to the accumulation of greenhouse gases like
on society and global trade, as discussed in the carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in
passage, in about 50 words. [8] the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, creating a
Ans “greenhouse effect” that warms the planet.
The industrial revolution marked a significant
(a) (i) (b) transformed
turning point, as it led to increased burning of fossil
“Revolutionized” means to bring a dramatic
fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. This release
change or transformation. In the passage,
of greenhouse gases, combined with large-scale
it refers to how the Industrial Revolution
deforestation, intensified the greenhouse effect.
changed the way goods were produced.

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

(ii) (b) shortage Revolution was the development of new

“Scarcity” means a lack or insufficiency of technologies. The steam engine, invented by
something. In the passage, it refers to the lack James Watt, powered factories, trains, and ships,
of clean drinking water in many parts of the greatly improving transportation and production.
world. Machines like the spinning jenny and the power
(b) (ii) weakens loom automated textile production, allowing
“Intensifies” means to become stronger or industries to meet the growing demand for cloth.
more severe. The opposite of this would be These innovations changed the way people worked,
“weakens,” which means to reduce in strength as large numbers of workers moved from rural
or intensity. areas to cities to find employment in factories.
While the Industrial Revolution brought
(c) (i) Clean water is essential for health, significant economic growth, it also had a
preventing diseases like cholera and profound impact on society. Urbanization, or the
typhoid, and improving overall quality of movement of people to cities, led to overcrowded
life. living conditions. Many workers lived in small,
(ii) Boiling water kills bacteria and viruses poorly built houses without proper sanitation.
but does not remove chemicals or Diseases like cholera and typhoid were common
impurities, limiting its effectiveness in in industrial cities, and life expectancy was often
highly contaminated areas. low.
(iii) Innovations like the LifeStraw and SODIS Factory workers faced harsh conditions. Long
provide affordable and portable solutions hours, low wages, and unsafe environments were
for filtering harmful bacteria and making typical for many laborers, including children.
water safe. Despite these challenges, the Industrial Revolution
(iv) Clean water allows children to attend also created opportunities. New jobs emerged,
school and reduces the burden on and the middle class began to grow as people
women, boosting education and economic found success in industries like manufacturing
opportunities. and trade.
(v) Governments can build wells, reservoirs, The revolution had far-reaching effects on
and treatment plants, and partner with global trade. Industrialized nations, such as
NGOs to ensure sustainable access to Britain and later the United States, became major
clean water. economic powers. These countries imported raw
(d) Solving the clean water crisis requires materials like cotton and exported finished goods,
technology, education, and policy efforts. creating complex global trade networks. However,
Innovations like SODIS and LifeStraw, this expansion also led to exploitation. Colonized
combined with awareness campaigns regions often supplied the raw materials but
and infrastructure projects, can provide received little benefit from industrialization,
sustainable solutions. Governments, NGOs, widening the gap between industrialized and non-
and communities must collaborate to industrialized nations.
address contamination, scarcity, and climate The Industrial Revolution also sparked
challenges, ensuring clean water for all and significant cultural and political changes. It
building a healthier, equitable future. inspired new ideas about labor rights, education,
and governance. Social reformers fought for better
20. Read the following passage carefully and answer working conditions, fair wages, and limits on
the questions that follow: child labor. These movements led to important
The Industrial Revolution, which began in the laws, such as the Factory Acts in Britain, which
late 18th century, transformed the way people regulated working hours and improved safety in
lived and worked. Before this period, most goods factories.
were made by hand in small workshops or homes. Education systems also began to expand
The introduction of machines and factories during this period. Industrialized nations realized
revolutionized production, making goods faster the importance of educating their populations to
and cheaper to produce. This shift marked the meet the demands of an increasingly technological
beginning of the modern industrial economy. world. Schools were established to train workers
One of the key factors behind the Industrial and provide them with the skills needed for

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 133

or more significant, whereas “reduce” means Maya continued reading, fascinated by stories
to make something smaller or decrease its of secret meetings, coded messages, and the
impact. sacrifices made by ordinary people for the greater
(c) (i) Global warming is the gradual rise in good. Asha had written about stitching Indian
Earth’s temperature due to greenhouse flags in the dead of night and distributing them to
gases trapping heat in the atmosphere. inspire her fellow villagers. “Even in the darkest
(ii) Global warming causes polar ice to melt, times,” one entry read, “hope lit our way like the
raising sea levels and increasing the risk of faint glow of a firefly.”
flooding in coastal and low-lying regions. One entry stood out to Maya. It described an
encounter between Asha and a British officer. The
(iii) Farmers in developing countries are
officer had confiscated a stack of leaflets Asha was
vulnerable because traditional methods
carrying and demanded to know who had printed
cannot adapt to changing weather and
them. Asha, calm but defiant, refused to give any
increased pests.
names. “I was not afraid,” she wrote. “I knew
(iv) Individuals can reduce energy use,
that fear would only feed their power. We had to
minimize waste, and use public transport
be brave to win our freedom.”
to lower carbon footprints.
As Maya turned the pages, she found a
(v) Technology helps through carbon capture,
pressed marigold tucked inside the diary. Below
renewable energy, and innovations like
it, Asha had written, “This flower reminds me of
drought-resistant crops to mitigate global
resilience. It grows in the harshest of conditions,
warming.
yet it blooms brightly. It is a symbol of our fight.”
(d) Global warming is caused by greenhouse Maya ran her fingers over the dried petals, feeling
gases from fossil fuels and deforestation. It a connection to her great-grandmother she had
leads to rising sea levels, extreme weather, never experienced before.
and food insecurity. Solutions include The last entry was dated August 15, 1947.
reducing emissions, promoting renewable Asha described the euphoria of Independence
energy, afforestation and technological Day, how the entire village had gathered around
advancements. Collective efforts from a makeshift flagpole to raise the tricolor for the
governments, businesses and individuals are first time. “We were free,” she wrote. “Our hearts
essential to combat its effects and secure a soared with pride, and tears filled our eyes. But
sustainable future for the planet. freedom is not the end; it is a beginning.”
Maya closed the diary, her mind brimming
22. Read the following passage carefully and answer with questions and admiration. Her grandmother
the questions that follow: found her sitting by the attic window, the diary
It was a bright summer morning, and seven-year- clutched to her chest. “Did Asha really do all
old Maya was exploring her grandmother’s attic. this?” Maya asked. Her grandmother nodded,
The space was filled with dusty old trunks, stacks smiling. “She was an ordinary woman who did
of books, and forgotten trin intimidate kets. Maya extraordinary things. And now, her story belongs
loved the attic because it felt like stepping into a to you.”
treasure chest of stories. As she opened a wooden As Maya left the attic that day, she felt a
chest in the corner, she discovered an old diary spark of inspiration. Her great-grandmother’s
wrapped in a silk scarf. diary was more than a relic; it was a reminder of
The diary belonged to her great-grandmother, courage, resilience, and the power of standing up
Asha. Maya had often heard tales of Asha’s for what is right.
bravery during India’s struggle for independence, Questions :
but reading her words felt different. Flipping
through the pages, Maya was drawn into the past. (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
One entry described a day when Asha had joined meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
a peaceful protest in her village. “We marched provided: [2]
through the streets, singing songs of freedom,” (i) intimidate (line 4)
the entry read. “The British soldiers tried to (a) threaten
intimidate us, but we stood firm, knowing our (b) encourage
cause was just.” (c) inspire
(d) assist

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

As Ravi admired the pot, a gentle voice spoke, (c) sufficient

“Thank you for freeing me.” Startled, Ravi looked (d) fresh
around but saw no one. The voice continued, “I (ii) selflessness (line 47)
am the spirit of this enchanted pot. I have been (a) greed
trapped for centuries. Because of your kindness, I (b) kindness
will grant you three wishes.” (c) generosity
Ravi was amazed but cautious. He thought (d) humility
carefully before speaking. “For my first wish, I (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
want water for my village so that no one goes ‘barren’ ? [1]
thirsty again.” The pot glowed brightly, and (i) fertile
suddenly, a clear spring bubbled up from the dry (ii) dry
ground near the village. The villagers rejoiced as (iii) empty
fresh water flowed into their fields and homes. (iv) dull
Ravi felt a sense of joy seeing the smiles on their
faces. (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
“For my second wish,” Ravi said, “I want the own words:
people of my village to prosper and live happily.” (i) What did Ravi discover near the riverbed? [2]
The pot glowed again, and soon the barren fields (ii) How did Ravi use his first two wishes? [2]
turned green, the villagers’ crops flourished, and (iii) Why did Ravi wish for the pot’s spirit to be
their trade began to thrive. The village, which free? [2]
had once been desolate, was now bustling with (iv) What changes occurred in the village after
activity. Ravi’s wishes? [1]
While the villagers celebrated their newfound (v) What lesson does the story teach? [2]
fortune, Ravi pondered over his final wish. He (d) Summarise how Ravi’s kindness and wisdom
remembered the gentle voice of the pot’s spirit transformed his village, as described in the
and felt gratitude for the changes it had brought passage, in about 50 words. [8]
to his village. “For my third wish,” Ravi said, “I Ans
want you to be free and rest in peace.” (a) (i) (b) limited
The pot glowed one last time, and the spirit’s The word “scarce” means in short supply or
voice spoke, filled with emotion. “Your selflessness not enough. In the passage, it refers to water
has touched my heart, Ravi. Because of your being difficult to find in the village.
noble wish, this village will always flourish.
May kindness and generosity guide your people (ii) (c) generosity
forever.” “Selflessness” means thinking about others
With those words, the pot dissolved into a before oneself. Ravi’s final wish was to free
fine mist and disappeared. Ravi returned to the the spirit, showing his generosity and concern
village, where he was greeted as a hero. The for others over his personal gain.
villagers celebrated the newfound prosperity and (b) (i) fertile
praised Ravi’s wisdom and generosity. “Barren” means infertile, unable to produce
Years passed, and the village thrived, crops or life. The opposite of barren is
becoming a center of trade and culture. Ravi “fertile”, which means rich, productive, or
continued making his beautiful pots, now a symbol able to grow crops.
of the prosperity and unity of the village. His
(c) (i) Ravi discovered an old, dusty pot with an
story was told for generations, reminding people
enchanted spirit that offered him three
of the power of kindness, wisdom, and selflessness
wishes.
in creating lasting change.
(ii) Ravi used his first wish to bring water to
Questions :
the village and his second wish to ensure
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct the villagers’ prosperity and happiness.
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options (iii) Ravi wished for the pot’s spirit to be free
provided: [2] out of gratitude and his selfless nature.
(i) scarce (line 7) (iv) The village gained water, flourishing
(a) abundant crops, and prosperity, becoming a
(b) limited thriving and united community.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 135

just about the candles,” she said. “It’s about the (iii) gratitude
thoughtfulness and effort behind them.” By the (iv) enjoyment
end of the day, Mira had sold out her entire stock (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
and raised a significant amount for the shelter. own words:
The market was not only about selling goods; it (i) What inspired Mira to participate in the
was also an opportunity to strengthen community community market? [2]
ties. Neighbors who rarely met exchanged (ii) What made Mira’s stall popular among
stories, and children played games organized by visitors? [2]
volunteers. A group of senior citizens hosted a (iii) How did the market strengthen the bonds
small tea corner, sharing tales from the town’s within the community? [2]
history with anyone willing to listen. The mayor (iv) What did Mira do with the money she
of Willowtown, who visited every year, called the raised? [1]
event “a cornerstone of our community.” (v) What lesson did Mira learn from the
Mira visited the animal shelter the following community market experience? [2]
day, handing over the money she had raised. The
shelter staff were overwhelmed by her generosity. (d) Summarise how the annual community market
“Every contribution matters,” said the manager. contributed to the town’s spirit and Mira’s
“Thanks to people like Mira, we can provide personal growth in about 50 words. [8]
better care for the animals here.” Mira also spent Ans
time with the animals, playing with the puppies
(a) (i) (b) active
and feeding the rabbits.
“Buzzing” means full of activity, excitement,
The event left Mira with a sense of fulfillment.
and energy. In the passage, Willowtown’s
It wasn’t just the success of her stall that made
streets were buzzing with excitement,
her happy-it was the feeling of being part of
meaning they were lively and active due to
something larger, something that brought people
the community market.
together for a shared purpose. As she walked
home, she reflected on how a small act of kindness (ii) (a) kindness
could ripple through a community, creating a “Generosity” refers to the quality of being
wave of positivity. kind, selfless, and willing to give to others.
The annual market ended with a promise: to In the passage, the shelter staff appreciated
return next year, bigger and better. For Mira, it Mira’s generosity for donating her earnings.
marked the beginning of her journey to make a (b) (i) dissatisfaction
difference, not just in Willowtown but wherever “Fulfillment” means a sense of achievement
life might take her. and contentment, while “dissatisfaction” is
Questions : the opposite—feeling unfulfilled, unhappy, or
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct incomplete.
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options (c) (i) Mira was inspired by her desire to raise
provided: [2] money for the local animal shelter and
(i) buzzing (line 2) her love for crafting candles.
(a) silent (ii) Mira’s stall stood out for its eco-friendly
(b) active candles and the meaningful cause of
(c) angry supporting the animal shelter.
(d) thoughtful (iii) The market strengthened community
(ii) generosity (line 45) bonds by fostering social interaction,
(a) kindness shared stories, and collective celebrations.
(b) greed (iv) Mira donated the money she raised to the
(c) ambition local animal shelter.
(d) indifference
(v) Mira learned that small acts of kindness
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of could create a ripple effect, inspiring
‘fulfillment’ ? [1] positivity and strengthening her sense of
(i) dissatisfaction purpose.
(ii) happiness

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

(d) The annual community market brought the chemicals from affecting marine life.
town together through shared creativity and Her teacher was impressed by the depth of
celebrations. For Mira, it was a platform Riya’s research and encouraged her to share her
to support a cause she cared about while findings with the class. Standing in front of her
connecting with others. Her success at the classmates, Riya spoke passionately about the
market taught her the power of small efforts beauty and fragility of coral reefs. She emphasized
in making a difference and deepened her how small changes in daily habits could collectively
commitment to community service. make a big difference.
After her presentation, Riya was approached
24. Read the following passage carefully and answer by a group of students who wanted to join her
the questions that follow: in raising awareness about marine conservation.
Riya sat at the corner of the school library, Together, they started a “Save the Reefs” club,
flipping through an old geography textbook. The organizing activities like beach cleanups and
assignment was to write about an environmental fundraisers for coral restoration projects. The
issue and suggest solutions. While looking for club also invited a marine biologist to speak at
ideas, Riya stumbled upon a chapter about coral school, who shared fascinating insights about
reefs. Fascinated, she dived deeper into the topic, underwater ecosystems.
unaware that it would spark a passion for marine Riya’s journey didn’t stop there. She began
conservation. writing articles for the local newspaper, sharing
Coral reefs, often referred to as the “rainforests tips on protecting marine life and encouraging
of the sea,” are among the most diverse ecosystems the community to act. Her efforts caught the
on Earth. They support thousands of species of attention of a nearby marine conservation
fish, plants, and marine animals. Coral reefs are organization, which invited her to participate in a
not just beautiful; they play an essential role in coral restoration workshop. There, she learned to
protecting coastlines from storms and erosion. transplant coral fragments and saw firsthand the
Additionally, they provide livelihoods to millions difference restoration projects could make.
of people who rely on fishing and tourism. The experience left a lasting impact on Riya.
However, coral reefs face significant threats. She realized that even young people could play a
Climate change, pollution, and overfishing are vital role in addressing environmental challenges.
causing widespread coral bleaching, a phenomenon Her passion for coral reefs turned into a mission
where corals lose their vibrant colors and die. to protect marine ecosystems, and she inspired
Rising sea temperatures due to global warming others to join her cause.
stress the corals, while pollution from agricultural Questions
runoff and plastic waste contaminates the water.
Overfishing disrupts the delicate balance of (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
marine ecosystems, further endangering reefs. meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
As Riya read more, she came across a provided: [2]
section on coral restoration. Scientists and (i) diverse (line 10)
conservationists are working tirelessly to restore (a) limited
damaged reefs. Methods like coral gardening (b) varied
involve growing healthy coral fragments in (c) unique
nurseries and transplanting them onto damaged (d) small
reefs. Marine protected areas have also been (ii) fragility (line 48)
established to safeguard reefs from overfishing (a) strength
and harmful human activities. (b) weakness
Inspired by her research, Riya decided to (c) resilience
focus her assignment on coral reef conservation. (d) durability
She wrote about how individuals could contribute (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
by reducing plastic use, supporting sustainable ‘restore’ ? [1]
tourism, and spreading awareness about the (i) rebuild
importance of reefs. She learned that something (ii) repair
as simple as using reef-safe sunscreen while (iii) damage
swimming in the ocean could prevent harmful (iv) improve

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 137

(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your (d) Riya’s fascination with coral reefs began
own words: with a school assignment, leading her to
(i) Why are coral reefs called the “rainforests of advocate for marine conservation. She raised
the sea”? [2] awareness through presentations, started a
(ii) What are the main threats to coral reefs club, organized activities, and participated
mentioned in the passage? [2] in restoration workshops. Her journey
(iii) How do coral restoration projects help exemplifies how small efforts can inspire
damaged reefs? [2] collective action to protect fragile ecosystems
(iv) What role did Riya play in raising awareness and address global environmental challenges.
about coral reefs? [1]
(v) How can individuals contribute to protecting 25. Read the following passage carefully and answer
coral reefs? [2] the questions that follow:
Anika loved spending her weekends at the city
(d) Summarise Riya’s journey from learning about museum. She was particularly fascinated by the
coral reefs to actively participating in their section dedicated to ancient civilizations. Among
conservation in about 50 words. [8] the many exhibits, her favorite was the collection
Ans of artifacts from the Indus Valley Civilization.
The intricate jewelry, pottery, and seals gave her
(a) (i) (b) varied
a glimpse into a world that existed thousands of
“Diverse” means containing a wide variety or
years ago.
range of different elements. In the passage,
One afternoon, while admiring a clay tablet
coral reefs are described as “among the most
with mysterious symbols, she noticed a museum
diverse ecosystems” because they support
guide leading a group of visitors. The guide
many different species.
explained that the symbols, known as Indus
(ii) (b) weakness script, were yet to be deciphered. “This script
“Fragility” refers to something delicate remains one of the greatest mysteries of history,”
or easily damaged. In the passage, coral he said. “Despite years of research, no one has
reefs are described as fragile, meaning been able to decode its meaning.”
they are vulnerable to destruction due to Anika found this intriguing and decided to
environmental threats. learn more about the Indus Valley Civilization.
(b) (iii) damage She read that it flourished around 2500 BCE
“Restore” means to bring something back in the northwestern regions of South Asia. The
to its original or better condition, while civilization was remarkable for its advanced urban
“damage” means to harm or deteriorate planning. Cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
something, making it the correct opposite. had well-planned streets, drainage systems, and
public baths, reflecting an organized society.
(c) (i) Coral reefs are called the “rainforests of
The more Anika learned, the more amazed
the sea” because they support a diverse
she became. The people of the Indus Valley
range of marine species and play a vital
were skilled artisans who created beautiful
ecological role.
sculptures, ornaments, and pottery. They were
(ii) Coral reefs are threatened by climate
also exceptional traders, engaging in commerce
change, pollution, overfishing, and coral
with Mesopotamia and other distant regions.
bleaching caused by rising sea temperatures.
The seals they produced, often depicting animals
(iii) Coral restoration projects involve
and symbols, were likely used for trade and
growing coral fragments in nurseries and
communication.
transplanting them to damaged reefs to
However, what puzzled historians was the
restore ecosystems.
sudden decline of this civilization. Some believed
(iv) Riya raised awareness through it was due to changes in the course of rivers, which
presentations, forming a club, organizing disrupted agriculture and trade. Others suggested
cleanups, and writing articles. invasions or natural disasters like earthquakes.
(v) Individuals can protect coral reefs Despite these theories, the exact reason remains
by reducing plastic use, using reef- uncertain, adding to the mystery of the Indus
safe sunscreen, supporting sustainable Valley.
tourism, and spreading awareness.

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

As a result, the planet’s average temperature has protect the planet for future generations. The
risen by about 1.1°C since the late 19th century, task may be daunting, but the cost of inaction is
with the last few decades witnessing the fastest far greater.
rate of warming. Questions :
The consequences of global warming are far- (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
reaching. Rising temperatures have caused polar meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
ice caps and glaciers to melt, leading to a rise in provided: [2]
sea levels. Coastal areas are at risk of flooding, (i) accumulation (line 5)
and low-lying regions face the threat of being (a) reduction
submerged. Additionally, global warming disrupts (b) collection
weather patterns, causing extreme events such (c) removal
as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves. These (d) separation
events not only damage infrastructure but also (ii) mitigate (line 61)
threaten human lives and biodiversity. (a) worsen
One of the major impacts of global warming is (b) reduce
on agriculture. Changing weather patterns affect (c) maintain
crop yields, leading to food insecurity in many (d) highlight
parts of the world. Warmer temperatures also
enable the spread of pests and diseases, further (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
endangering food supplies. Farmers in developing ‘increase’ ? [1]
countries, who often rely on traditional farming (i) amplify
methods, are particularly vulnerable to these (ii) reduce
changes. (iii) enlarge
Efforts to combat global warming are (iv) strengthen
underway on multiple fronts. International (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
agreements, such as the Paris Climate Accord, own words:
aim to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C (i) What is global warming, and what causes it?
by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Renewable [2]
energy sources, like solar and wind power, are (ii) How does global warming impact coastal
being promoted as alternatives to fossil fuels. areas? [2]
Afforestation and reforestation initiatives are (iii) Why are farmers in developing countries more
also helping to absorb carbon dioxide and restore vulnerable to global warming? [2]
ecosystems. (iv) What are some steps individuals can take to
On an individual level, small actions can combat global warming? [1]
collectively make a big difference. Reducing (v) How is technology helping in the fight against
energy consumption, minimizing waste, and using global warming? [2]
public transportation are simple steps that can
(d) Summarise the causes, effects and solutions to
lower carbon footprints. Schools and organizations
global warming as discussed in the passage in
are increasingly educating people about the
about50 words. [8]
importance of sustainable practices, encouraging
communities to adopt eco-friendly habits. Ans
While the challenge is immense, there is (a) (i) (b) collection
hope. Advances in technology are providing “Accumulation” refers to the process of
innovative solutions, such as carbon capture gathering or collecting something over time.
and storage, which remove carbon dioxide from In the passage, it describes how greenhouse
the atmosphere. Scientists are also developing gases collect in the atmosphere.
drought-resistant crops and other technologies to
(ii) (b) reduce
mitigate the impacts of global warming.
“Mitigate” means to lessen or reduce the
The fight against global warming requires
severity of something. In the passage, it refers
collective action. Governments, businesses,
to reducing the effects of global warming.
and individuals must work together to create
a sustainable future. By taking action now, we (b) (ii) reduce
can slow down the effects of global warming and “Increase” means to make something larger

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 139

highlighted the importance of preserving the Sports also play a vital role in promoting
past and how curiosity can lead to meaningful health and well-being. Regular physical activity
achievements. reduces the risk of chronic illnesses such as
obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Schools and
26. Read the following passage carefully and answer communities are encouraged to invest in sports
the questions that follow: facilities and programs to nurture young talent
Sports have always been an integral part of human and promote an active lifestyle.
culture, serving as a source of entertainment, Furthermore, sports have the power to unite
competition and physical fitness. From ancient people across borders. Events like the FIFA
civilizations, where games like wrestling and World Cup and the Olympics bring together
archery were popular, to modern international nations, fostering a spirit of friendship and
events like the Olympics, sports have evolved cultural exchange. Sports diplomacy has been
significantly over the centuries. They are not just used to ease tensions between countries, proving
a pastime but also a reflection of societal values, that competition on the field can translate into
discipline, and unity. cooperation off it.
In ancient Greece, the Olympic Games were As we move forward, the role of sports in
held every four years in honor of Zeus. These events society is expected to grow even further. With
brought together athletes from various city-states increasing awareness about fitness and mental
to compete in activities such as running, discus health, sports are likely to remain a key element
throwing, and chariot racing. Participation in the of human life. Whether as a profession, a hobby,
games was considered a matter of great pride, and or a way to stay healthy, sports continue to inspire
winners were celebrated as heroes. Similarly, in and empower people worldwide.
ancient India, games like kabaddi, kho-kho, and Questions :
archery were an essential part of life, showcasing
teamwork, strategy, and endurance. (a) For each word given below, choose the correct
As time progressed, sports became more meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
structured. The 19th century witnessed the rise of provided: [2]
organized sports with standardized rules. Cricket, (i) integral (line 1)
football, and tennis became immensely popular, (a) optional
especially in European countries. Colonization (b) essential
played a significant role in spreading these sports (c) partial
to other parts of the world, making them global (d) temporary
phenomena. Today, sports like cricket are as beloved (ii) advocating (line 45)
in India and Australia as they are in England. (a) opposing
The modern era of sports has brought (b) promoting
with it technological advancements that have (c) neglecting
revolutionized the way games are played and viewed. (d) observing
High-definition broadcasting, instant replays, and (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
wearable fitness trackers have enhanced both the ‘structured’ ? [1]
experience for fans and performance for athletes. (i) chaotic
In addition, data analytics are now being used to (ii) organized
improve strategies, prevent injuries, and evaluate (iii) defined
player performance. (iv) established
Despite its benefits, the world of sports is (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
not without challenges. Issues like doping, match- own words:
fixing, and unequal pay have raised concerns (i) How were sports viewed in ancient Greece
about fairness and integrity. Women athletes, in and India? [2]
particular, often face discrimination and receive (ii) How did the 19th century change the nature
fewer opportunities compared to their male of sports? [2]
counterparts. However, movements advocating (iii) What are some challenges faced by the world
for equality in sports have gained momentum in of sports today? [2]
recent years, leading to better recognition and (iv) How do sports benefit health and well-
support for women’s sports. being? [1]

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

Anika decided to write a school project on (iv) What did Anika learn from visiting the
the topic, focusing on the unanswered questions archaeological site? [1]
surrounding the Indus script and the civilization’s (v) How did Anika inspire others through her
decline. Her teacher was impressed by her research passion for history? [2]
and encouraged her to share her work in an inter- (d) Summarise how Anika’s interest in the Indus
school competition. Anika’s project, titled “The Valley Civilization grew and what she achieved
Mysteries of the Indus Valley,” won first prize and through her exploration, in about 50 words. [8]
sparked interest among her peers.
As part of her research, Anika also visited Ans
a nearby archaeological site where some Indus- (a) (i) (b) detailed
style artifacts had been discovered. Watching “Intricate” means having many small parts
archaeologists at work, carefully unearthing pieces arranged in a complex way. In the passage, the
of history, gave her a newfound appreciation for artifacts from the Indus Valley Civilization,
their efforts. She realized how much patience and such as jewelry and pottery, are described
dedication it took to uncover fragments of the as intricate, meaning they had fine, detailed
past and piece them together. craftsmanship.
Anika’s fascination didn’t end there. She
(ii) (a) confused
began volunteering at the museum, assisting
“Puzzled” means feeling confused or unsure
with tours and helping children understand the
about something. In the passage, historians
importance of preserving history. Her passion
are puzzled by the sudden decline of the
inspired many of her friends to visit the museum
Indus Valley Civilization, meaning they are
and learn about ancient civilizations. For Anika,
uncertain and confused about the reasons
history was no longer just a subject; it was a
behind its disappearance.
journey of discovery.
Questions : (b) (i) primitive
“Advanced” means highly developed or
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct
modern, whereas “primitive” means early,
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
undeveloped, or lacking progress. The Indus
provided: [2]
Valley Civilization was an advanced society,
(i) intricate (line 6)
but its opposite would be a civilization that
(a) simple
is less developed or outdated.
(b) detailed
(c) rough (c) (i) Anika was fascinated by the intricate
(d) plain artifacts, advanced urban planning, and
(ii) puzzled (line 34) the mysterious Indus script.
(a) confused (ii) The Indus script is a mystery because it
(b) excited has not been deciphered, despite years of
(c) frightened research by historians and linguists.
(d) satisfied (iii) Indus Valley cities featured well-planned
streets, drainage systems, and public
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
baths, showcasing their organized society.
‘advanced’ ? [1]
(i) primitive (iv) Anika learned about the patience and
(ii) modern dedication required to uncover and
(iii) developed preserve fragments of history.
(iv) superior (v) Anika inspired others by volunteering at
the museum, helping children appreciate
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your history, and sparking interest through her
own words: project and passion.
(i) What fascinated Anika about the Indus
(d) Anika’s fascination with the Indus Valley
Valley Civilization? [2]
Civilization led her to extensive research,
(ii) Why is the Indus script considered a historical
winning competitions and inspiring peers.
mystery? [2]
She explored the civilization’s mysteries,
(iii) What were some features of the Indus Valley
volunteered at the museum, and encouraged
cities? [2]
others to appreciate history. Her journey

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 141

him, and the Keeper of the Forest appeared, “Conviction” refers to a firm or strong belief.
thanking Clara for her bravery and kindness. In the passage, Clara’s conviction convinced
From that day on, the forest flourished, and the villagers to help save the forest.
the village thrived. Clara became a storyteller, (b) (iv) restoring
sharing the tale of the golden acorn with children “Destroying” means causing damage or
and teaching them to respect nature. The magic ruining something, while “restoring” means
of Elmswood lived on, a reminder that even the bringing something back to its original state
smallest acts of courage and kindness can create or improving it. The passage describes how
great change. Clara restored the forest.
Questions :
(c) (i) Clara discovered a magical door in a tree
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct that led her to the Keeper of the Forest
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options and a mission to save the woods.
provided: [2] (ii) The Keeper was worried because a
(i) peculiar (line 10) merchant was cutting down trees,
(a) ordinary threatening the forest’s balance and
(b) strange magic.
(c) usual
(iii) The golden acorn had the power to restore
(d) boring
the forest’s balance if planted with love
(ii) conviction (line 43)
and sincerity.
(a) hesitation
(iv) The villagers initially hesitated but
(b) doubt
eventually supported Clara and helped
(c) strong belief
protect the forest.
(d) fear
(v) After planting the golden acorn, the forest
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of was restored, the merchant repented, and
‘destroying’ ? [1] the magic returned to Elmswood.
(i) building (d) Clara saved the forest by planting a magical
(ii) cutting golden acorn with the villagers’ help. The act
(iii) saving restored balance, regrew trees, and turned
(iv) restoring the merchant into a protector of nature.
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your Her courage and kindness brought peace to
own words: Elmswood, ensuring the forest’s magic and
(i) What did Clara discover in the forest, and the village’s prosperity for generations.
what did it lead to? [2]
28. Read the following passage carefully and answer
(ii) Why was the Keeper of the Forest worried?
[2] the questions that follow:
(iii) What was special about the golden acorn? [2] Long ago, in a small village nestled at the foot of
(iv) How did the villagers react to Clara’s a hill, there lived a kind and hardworking potter
efforts? [1] named Ravi. He was known for his beautiful
(v) What happened after the golden acorn was clay pots, which were sturdy and decorated with
planted? [2] intricate designs. Despite his skill, Ravi struggled
to make ends meet. The land was dry, and water
(d) Summarise how Clara saved the forest and was scarce, making it difficult for the villagers
brought peace to the village in about 50 words. to farm or trade. Ravi often wished for a way to
[8] improve not just his life but the lives of everyone
Ans in the village.
One day, while searching for clay near the
(a) (i) (b) strange
riverbed, Ravi noticed something unusual. A
The word “peculiar” means unusual or
shimmering blue light glowed faintly from under
strange. In the passage, Clara finds a peculiar
a pile of rocks. Curious, he moved the rocks aside
sight—a tall oak tree with a door carved into
and found an old, dusty pot. It looked ordinary at
its trunk.
first, but when Ravi cleaned it, the pot sparkled
(ii) (c) strong belief like a gem, revealing its enchanting nature.

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

(v) In what way do sports promote unity among to explore the forest that surrounded her home.
nations? [2] The villagers often warned her about the forest,
(d) Summarise the role of sports in human society as saying it was full of magic and mystery, but Clara
discussed in the passage in about 50 words. [8] was not afraid. She believed that magic was not
something to fear but something to understand.
Ans One bright morning, as Clara wandered
(a) (i) (b) essential deeper into the woods than ever before, she
The word “integral” means something that stumbled upon a peculiar sight-a tall oak tree
is necessary or fundamental. In the passage, with a door carved into its trunk. Curiosity got
sports are described as an integral part of the better of her, and she gently knocked on the
human culture, meaning they are essential to door. To her surprise, it creaked open, revealing a
society. spiral staircase that led downward.
With a sense of wonder, Clara descended the
(ii) (b) promoting
stairs, finding herself in a beautiful underground
“Advocating” means publicly supporting
chamber filled with glowing crystals and
or recommending a cause. In the passage,
shimmering light. At the center of the chamber
movements advocating for equality in sports
stood a tiny, elderly woman with sparkling eyes
are pushing for fair treatment of female
and a warm smile. “Welcome, Clara,” the woman
athletes.
said, her voice as soft as the rustle of leaves.
(b) (i) chaotic “How do you know my name?” Clara asked,
“Structured” means organized, well-arranged, astonished.
or having a definite system. The opposite of “I am the Keeper of the Forest,” the woman
this is “chaotic,” which means disorganized or replied. “I know the heart of every creature
lacking order. who enters these woods, and yours is pure and
(c) (i) In ancient Greece, sports were a matter curious.”
of pride and religious significance, while The Keeper explained that she protected
in India, they emphasized teamwork, the forest and its magical creatures, but trouble
endurance, and strategy. had come to Elmswood. A greedy merchant had
(ii) The 19th century introduced organized begun cutting down the trees to make space for
sports with standardized rules, making his grand mansion. “The balance of the forest is at
them more global through colonization. risk,” the Keeper said. “If the trees fall, the magic
(iii) Challenges include doping, match-fixing, will fade, and the village will lose its charm.”
unequal pay, and discrimination against Moved by the Keeper’s words, Clara promised
women athletes. to help. The Keeper handed her a golden acorn
(iv) Sports reduce chronic illness risks and and said, “This acorn holds the power to restore
promote physical fitness. balance, but only if planted with love and
sincerity.” Clara took the acorn and returned to
(v) Events like the FIFA World Cup foster
the village, determined to stop the merchant.
cultural exchange, unity, and diplomacy
Clara spoke to the villagers, sharing the
among nations.
Keeper’s warning. At first, they were hesitant,
(d) Sports are integral to society, promoting
but when they saw Clara’s conviction, they agreed
physical health, unity, and cultural exchange.
to help. Together, they confronted the merchant,
They reflect societal values, inspire teamwork,
urging him to stop destroying the forest. When
and empower individuals. Despite challenges
he refused, Clara led the villagers in planting the
like discrimination and doping, sports remain
golden acorn at the edge of the woods.
a source of entertainment and personal
As the acorn touched the soil, a brilliant light
growth. As a unifying force, they foster global
spread through the forest. Trees that had been
friendships and contribute to mental and
cut down began to regrow, and the merchant’s
physical well-being.
tools turned to dust. The forest seemed to hum
27. Read the following passage carefully and answer with life once more, and the villagers cheered.
the questions that follow: Humbled by the magic he had witnessed, the
Once upon a time, in the small village of Elmswood, merchant apologized and vowed to protect the
there lived a young girl named Clara who loved forest. Clara and the villagers agreed to forgive

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 143

(v) The story teaches the importance of your protection. If the Tree of Life is harmed, the
kindness, selflessness, and how noble kingdom will wither.”
actions can bring lasting positive change. The villagers realized their mistake and
(d) Ravi’s kindness and wisdom transformed his pleaded for forgiveness. Vanini told them that
village by using the enchanted pot’s wishes to they could restore the balance if they pledged to
bring water and prosperity. His selflessness in protect the forest forever. The villagers gathered
freeing the pot’s spirit ensured the village’s around the Tree of Life and planted new saplings
long-term success. The story became a as a symbol of their promise. The ground slowly
legacy, teaching future generations the value stopped trembling, and the forest regained its
of compassion, generosity, and the power of calm.
thoughtful decisions. Darsh, humbled by the events, begged for
another chance. Vanini warned him, “Greed
29. Read the following passage carefully and answer blinds, but redemption is possible through
the questions that follow: selflessness.” Darsh dedicated the rest of his life
In the heart of a dense forest, there was a small to replanting trees and teaching others about the
kingdom called Panchvati. The kingdom was importance of preserving nature.
unlike any other, for its people lived in harmony From that day, Panchvati thrived as never
with nature. They believed that the forest was before. The villagers lived in peace, and the forest
sacred and that their prosperity depended on flourished. The story of the Tree of Life was
protecting it. At the center of the forest stood passed down for generations, reminding people of
the Tree of Life, an enormous banyan tree said the power of harmony and the dangers of greed.
to possess magical powers. It was believed that Questions :
as long as the tree stood tall, Panchvati would
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct
flourish.
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options
One day, a merchant named Darsh arrived in
provided: [2]
Panchvati. He was wealthy but greedy and cared
(i) sacred (line 5)
little for nature. He convinced the villagers that
(a) holy
cutting down some trees to expand their farmland
(b) common
would bring more wealth. Despite their reluctance,
(c) ordinary
the villagers agreed, tempted by his promises.
(d) impure
Darsh, however, had his eyes on the Tree of Life,
(ii) redemption (line 52)
for he had heard tales of its magical powers and
(a) punishment
believed it would bring him eternal riches.
(b) forgiveness
That night, Darsh and his men sneaked into
(c) success
the forest with axes and ropes, determined to cut
(d) regret
down the Tree of Life. As they began chopping,
the ground beneath them trembled, and a strong (b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of
wind howled through the forest. Startled, the men ‘harmony’ ? [1]
hesitated, but Darsh urged them on, blinded by (i) unity
his greed. (ii) chaos
Suddenly, a glowing figure appeared near the (iii) peace
tree. It was Vanini, the spirit of the forest. Her (iv) order
voice was calm but firm as she spoke, “Darsh, (c) Answer the following questions briefly in your
your greed is destroying the balance of nature. If own words:
you harm the Tree of Life, you will bring ruin to (i) What was the belief about the Tree of Life in
Panchvati and yourself.” Panchvati? [2]
Darsh laughed mockingly and raised his axe (ii) What did Darsh plan to do, and why? [2]
again. But as the blade struck the tree, it recoiled (iii) How did Vanini stop Darsh from harming the
with a loud clang, throwing him backward. The tree? [2]
villagers, awakened by the commotion, rushed to (iv) What did the villagers do to restore the
the forest and saw the damage Darsh had caused. balance of nature? [1]
Vanini turned to them and said, “The forest has (v) What lesson did Darsh learn from his
protected you for generations, but now it needs experience? [2]

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Ch 5 : Comprehension

(d) Summarise how the villagers and Darsh protected became neglected. Weeds grew in every corner,
the forest and restored harmony, as described in benches broke, and trash piled up.
the passage, in about 50 words. [8] One day, 16-year-old Rohan walked through
the park on his way home from school. Seeing its
Ans
sorry state, he remembered the happy times he
(a) (i) (a) holy spent there as a child, playing on the swings and
The word “sacred” means something that running in the grass. He felt a pang of sadness
is considered holy or divine. In the passage, and decided to do something about it.
the villagers believed the forest was sacred, Rohan discussed the issue with his friends
meaning it was spiritually or culturally and family. Together, they decided to start a
important. community project to restore the park. They
(ii) (b) forgiveness created posters and shared messages on social
“Redemption” means the act of making up media to gather volunteers. The response was
for a past mistake or wrongdoing. Darsh was overwhelming. Over the next few weekends,
given a chance for redemption, meaning he dozens of people-young and old-came together to
had the opportunity to correct his actions clean the park.
and be forgiven. With brooms, shovels, and trash bags, the
volunteers worked tirelessly. Children painted the
(b) (ii) chaos
park’s broken fences in bright colors, while adults
“Harmony” means peace, balance, and order.
planted flowers and trimmed overgrown bushes.
The opposite of harmony is “chaos”, which
Local businesses donated materials such as paint,
means disorder and conflict.
plants, and tools, and even the municipality
(c) (i) The Tree of Life was believed to possess sent workers to help. Slowly but surely, the park
magical powers that ensured the transformed into a vibrant and welcoming space
prosperity and balance of Panchvati. once again.
(ii) Darsh planned to cut down the Tree of As the work continued, Rohan and his friends
Life, hoping its magical powers would came up with the idea of installing new features
bring him eternal riches. in the park. They added a small vegetable garden,
(iii) Vanini, the forest spirit, appeared and a play area for children, and a walking path for
warned Darsh of the destruction his senior citizens. They even organized a weekend
greed would cause, stopping him with her farmer’s market where locals could sell homemade
power. goods and produce.
(iv) The villagers planted new saplings and The park soon became a lively hub of activity.
pledged to protect the forest forever. Children laughed on the playground, adults
(v) Darsh learned that greed leads to ruin, chatted on the newly repaired benches, and elderly
and he dedicated himself to preserving couples strolled along the walking path. The once-
nature through selfless acts. neglected space now brought people together and
(d) The villagers restored harmony by planting fostered a strong sense of community.
saplings and pledging to protect the forest, One day, the mayor visited the park to see the
while Darsh, humbled by his greed, worked transformation. Impressed by the initiative, he
to preserve nature. Together, they saved announced that similar projects would be started
the Tree of Life and ensured Panchvati’s in other parts of the city. He also promised to
prosperity, learning the importance of balance allocate funds to maintain community spaces like
and selflessness in safeguarding their future. this one.
Rohan felt immense pride, not just because
30. Read the following passage carefully and answer the park was restored but because it had become
the questions that follow: a symbol of what people could achieve when they
In a bustling city, a small community park stood worked together. The project taught him valuable
quietly in the middle of high-rise buildings and lessons about teamwork, leadership, and the
busy streets. For years, the park had been a place power of collective effort.
where children played, families gathered, and Years later, Rohan, now an urban planner,
people of all ages found solace from their hectic often visited the park. Watching children play
lives. However, as the city expanded, the park and families relax there reminded him of how

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 145

a small idea could spark big changes. The park start something new, or lead an effort toward
remained a testament to the power of community improvement. In the passage, the mayor was
and the importance of preserving green spaces in impressed by the initiative taken by Rohan
an ever-growing city. and the community, meaning their action to
Questions : restore the park.
(a) For each word given below, choose the correct (b) (i) dull
meaning (as used in the passage) from the options “Vibrant” means full of energy, life, and
provided: [2] brightness. The opposite of vibrant is “dull,”
(i) neglected (line 7) which means lacking energy, brightness, or
(a) maintained liveliness.
(b) ignored (c) (i) Rohan decided to restore the park because
(c) destroyed he remembered the joy it brought him as
(d) visited a child and was saddened by its neglected
(ii) initiative (line 46) state.
(a) laziness (ii) The community gathered as volunteers,
(b) indifference cleaned the park, painted fences, planted
(c) action flowers, and received support from
(d) hesitation businesses and the municipality.
(b) Which word in the passage is the opposite of (iii) New features like a vegetable garden, a
‘vibrant’ ? [1] children’s play area, a walking path, and
(i) dull a weekend farmer’s market were added.
(ii) active (iv) The mayor initiated similar projects
(iii) lively across the city and allocated funds to
(iv) bright maintain community spaces.
(c) Answer the following questions briefly in your (v) Rohan learned about teamwork,
own words: leadership, and how collective efforts
(i) Why did Rohan decide to restore the park? could bring positive change.
[2] (d) Rohan’s initiative transformed the neglected
(ii) How did the community come together to park into a vibrant space with new
clean the park? [2] features like a play area and a garden. The
(iii) What new features were added to the park community’s collective efforts created a hub
during the restoration? [2] of activity, fostering unity and inspiring
(iv) What did the mayor do after visiting the citywide projects. The restored park became
park? [1] a symbol of teamwork and the importance of
(v) What lessons did Rohan learn from this preserving green spaces in urban areas.
project? [2]
(d) Summarise how Rohan’s initiative transformed
www.nodia.i
the park and its impact on the community in
about 50 words. [8]
Ans
(a) (i) (b) ignored
The word “neglected” means something that
has been ignored, not taken care of, or left
in poor condition due to lack of attention. In
the passage, the park had become neglected
as weeds grew, benches broke, and trash piled
up, showing that it was ignored rather than
maintained (a), destroyed (c), or visited (d).
(ii) (c) action
“Initiative” refers to the ability to take action,

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Ch 6 : Verb Forms (Tenses)

CHAPTER
6
Verb Forms (Tenses)

INTRODUCTIO 1. Indefinite (Simple)

2. Continuous (imperfect)
3. Perfect
Tense is an important concept in English grammar
4. Perfect Continuous
that shows the time of an action or event through
the form of a verb. It helps us understand whether Indefinite (Simple)
something happens in the present, happened in
the past, or will happen in the future. The three It denotes present, past or future time in its
simplest form; as,
main divisions of time - Past, Present, and Future
I write
- are expressed in language through tenses. When
I wrote
we speak or write, it is essential to use the correct
I shall write.
verb form to indicate the timing of an action.
The action in present, past or future time is
This ensures clarity in communication and makes mentioned simply without anything being said
our statements meaningful and accurate. about the completeness or incompleteness of the
action.

Continuous (Imperfect)
k inds OF TENSEs It shows that the event (in present, past or future)
is still continuing or not yet completed; as,
There are three main tenses corresponding to the I am writing.
three main divisions of time viz. Present, Past I was writing.
and Future. I shall be writing.
Present tense Perfect
The present tense indicates that the action is It denotes that the event (in present, past or
done at the present time; as, future) is in a completed or perfect state- present,
The sun rises in the east. past or future; as,
I do not know him. I have written.
I had written.
Past tense
I shall have written.
The past tense indicates that the action took
place in the past; as, Perfect Continuous
I went to Delhi last month. It combines the meanings of the two preceding
Mohan opened the door for me. forms, Perfect and Continuous; as,
I have been writing.
Future tense
I had been writing.
The future tense indicates that the action will I shall have been writing.
take place in the future; as,
I shall go to Delhi tomorrow.
Each of these three tenses has subdivisions to
show continuity or completeness of the action and
the time. These subdivisions are :

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 147

P resent simple tense What is present, provided that present time is

implied by the context; as,
I understand what you say.
RULE 1
RULE 9
This tense is used to express an action that takes
or is actually taking place at the present time; as, Used in Commentaries
He drives his car. While describing an event such as a sports match
or a ceremony that is happening at the time; as,
RULE 2 Prasad balls to Lara.
To express a habitual action; as, Sachin takes a run.
He drinks tea every morning.
RULE 10
My watch keeps good time.
Used in reporting
RULE 3 Reporting verb such as hear or tell we can report
A universal truth; as, what someone said at some point in recent past
The sun rises in the east. by using simple present; as,
Slow and steady wins the race. I hear he is eating.

RULE 4 RULE 11
In exclamatory sentences beginning with here and The simple present tense is often used with
there to express what is actually taking place in adverbs or adverb phrases such as; always, never,
the present occasionally, often, sometimes, usually, every
Here comes the bus! week, on Mondays, twice a year etc.; as,
There she goes! How often do you wash your hair?
It rains in winter.
RULE 5 Or with time clauses expressing routine or habitual
In vivid narrative, as substitute for the simple actions whenever and when (= whenever) are
past; as, particularly useful; as,
Immediately the sultan hurries to his capital. Whenever it rains the roof leaks.
Sohrab now rushes forward and deals a heavy RULE 12
blow to Rustam.
It must be used instead of the present continuous
RULE 6 with verbs which cannot be used in the continuous
form, e.g. Love, see, believe etc. So that we can
To express a future event that is part of a fixed
say; as,
timetable or fixed programme; as,
I love you but not I am loving you.
The match starts at 9 o’ clock.
The train leaves at 5 :20. RULE 13
RULE 7 It is used in conditional sentences; as,
If I see Ann, I will ask her.
Discussing what happens in a book, play or film; Unless you take the brake off, the car won’t
as, move.
In Lagaan Amir Khan plays a central
character. AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
RULE 8 Pattern
Simple present tense is also used to talk about a • He/She/It/singular noun + verb (Ist form)
physical feeling that is affecting you or someone + s/es + ...
else; as, • I/We/You/They/plural noun + verb (Ist
I feel heavy. form) + ...
His head aches.
Example
But while physical perceptions such as hearing
and seeing usually the modal can be is used; as, He reads a book daily.
I can hear it. Geeta plays football in the evening.
I can smell the food. I read a book daily.
They play football in the evening.

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Ch 6 : Verb Forms (Tenses)

NEGATIVE SENTENCES I am going to Lucknow tomorrow. (Intention)

Ramlal is going to die. (Likelihood)
Pattern
• He/She/It/singular noun + does not + verb RULE 3
(Ist form) + ... This tense is also used for temporary action may
• I/We/You/They/plural noun + do not + not be actually happening at the time of speaking.
verb (Ist form) + ... It also some times expresses habit or custom; as,
He is attending college very regularly. (Habit)
Example
I am reading William Shakespeare.
He does not read a book. (Temporary action)
You do not play football. I am studying English novels these days.
Tanu does not tell a lie. He is living in a rented house.
The boys do not go there. Is she still modelling for Hindustan Lever?
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES RULE 4
Pattern This tense is used for fixed programme or plan of
the nearest future; as,
• Do + subject + verb (Ist form) + ... ? We are leaving for Mumbai tonight.
• Does + subject + verb (Ist form) + ... ? Are you singing this evening.
• Q.W. + do/does + subject + verb (Ist form)
+ ... ?
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Example
Pattern
Does he live in Ranchi?
Do you know Mohan? • Subject + is/am/are + verb (Ist form) + ing
Where does Geeta go daily? + O/A.
Why do you come late? Example
INTERROGATIVE-NEGATIVE SENTENCE Tanu and Gaurav are playing football.
Mohan is reading a novel now.
Pattern
• Does + subject + not + verb (Ist form) + ...? NEGATIVE SENTENCES
• Do + subject + not + verb (Ist form) + ...? Pattern
Example • Subject + is/am/are + not + verb (Ist form)
Do you not read your book daily? + ing + O/A.
Does he not help the poor? Example
Do they not love their country?
She is not going to college today.
Does Sohan not take bath daily?
Children are not playing now.
I am not cooking food.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Pattern
P resent continuous tense
• Is/am/are + subject + verb (Ist form) + ing
+ O/A.
RULE 1 • Q.W. + is/am/are + subject + verb (Ist
This tense is used to express an action going on at form) + ing + O/A.
the time of speaking; as,
Example
The boys are flying kites.
I am doing my work. Is he living in Delhi these days?
He is playing cricket. Are you going to see him today?
Where is your brother reading nowadays?
RULE 2
Why are the boys making a noise?
This tense is used to express intention or The present continuous tense is not normally used
likelihood. It refers to future time; as, with the following verbs :

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 149

1. Verbs of senses (involuntary actions) : feel, RULE 6

hear, see, smell also notice and observe. To express something whose consequences still
2. Verbs of expressing feelings and emotions : remain; as,
admire, adore, appreciate, care for, desire, I have been ill.
detest, dislike, fear, hate, like, loathe, love,
mind, respect, value, want, with. RULE 7
3. Verbs of mental activity : agree, appreciate, It denotes an action completed at the time of
assume, believe, expect, feel, feel sure/ speaking; as,
certain forget know, mean, perceive, realize, She has worked all the sums.
recall, recognize, recollect, remember, see
(understand), see through (have an opinion), AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
trust (= believe/have confidence) in, Pattern
understand.
• Subject + has/have + verb (IIIrd form) +
Note : But the continuous can be used with
O/A.
appreciate meaning to increase in value.
4. Verbs of possession : belong, owe, own, Example
possess, e.g., How much do I owe you? She has finished the task.
5. The auxiliaries, except, be and have in certain I have read this report.
uses.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Pattern
• Subject + has/have + not + verb (IIIrd
P resent perfect tense form) + O/A.
Example
RULE 1 We have not met her so far.
This tense is used to express an action that has He has not learnt his lesson.
been completed just now; as,
I have written the letter. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
RULE 2 Pattern
A past action which is still continuing; as, • Has/have + Subject + verb (IIIrd form) +
He has served me for 5 years. O/A.
She has been ill since Monday. • Q.W. + has/have + Subject + verb (IIIrd
Note the difference : form) + O/A.
He has served me for 5 years (He is still Example
serving).
He served me for 5 years (He is no longer in Has Gopal milked the cow?
my service). Have you ever seen a white elephant?
Why has the boy not come here yet?
RULE 3 Which books have you purchased?
To suggest the decision made in the past is still of
importance in the present; as, ADVERBIALS
The government has cut university budgets, Just, already, yet, never, so far, lately, recently,
consequently the dean has increased the size etc.
of most classes.
RULE 4
To express past action without a definite time; as, P resent perfect continuous tense
I have read the paper.
RULE 5 RULE 1
To express an action done in a space of time not This tense is used to refer to actions that began
yet exhausted; as, in past but are continuing to take place in the
It has rained all the week.

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Ch 6 : Verb Forms (Tenses)

present and are expected to continue in the near AFFIRMATIVE

future also; as,
Tom has been working here since 1985. Pattern
It has been raining here since yesterday. • Subject + has been/have been + verb (Ist
How long have you been working here? form) + ing + O/A + since/for + time.
RULE 2 Example
This tense is used to refer to actions or situations She has been living in Mumbai since 1992.
that started in the past, Continued for sometime Children are playing cricket for two hours.
and have just stopped but have presented results;
as, NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Your shoes are dirty. It seems you have been
walking in the fields. Pattern
You look tired. Yes I have been working all • Subject + has not been/have not been + verb
day long. (Ist form) + ing + O/A + since/for + time.
The gardener have been watering plants.
Example
The beggar has been crying.
Why have her clothes been so wet? Mohan has not been reading in this school for
two years.
They have not been playing football since 2
Use of Since PM.
Since is used for definite period of time/point of
time : INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
1. Name of the days; as - Since Sunday/
Pattern
Monday.....
2. Name of the months; as - Since January/ • Has/have + subject + been + verb (Ist form)
February..... + ing + O/A + since/for + time.
3. Name of the years; as - Since 1970/1980..... • Q.W. + has/have + subject + been + verb
4. Name of the parts of the day; as - Since (Ist form) + ing + O/A + since/for + time.
morning/dawn/Sunset/Sunrise/dark/night/ Example
evening/afternoon..... Have you been living in Alwar since 2006?
5. O’ clock/am/pm; as - Since 4 o’clock, Since 8 What has Geeta been doing for five months?
pm, Since 7 am, Since 5 :30 am etc.
6. Yesterday, last night, last week, last month,
last year; as - Since last night, Since yesterday.
7. Name of the seasons; as - Since summer/ Past simple tense
winter/spring/autumn.....
8. Name of the festivals; as - Since Eid/Holi/
Deepawali/Christmas etc. RULE 1
9. Name of the events and stage of one’s life; as This tense is used to express actions which
- Since his arrival/departure/birth/marriage/ occurred in the past; as,
death etc. Hira Lal bought two cups of tea.
I bought this shirt in Mumbai.
His aunt came back from Dubai.
Use of For
For is used for indefinite/uncertain period of time RULE 2
(minutes, hours, seconds, days, weeks, months, Expressing past habitual actions; as,
year, decades, centuries); as, I went to the Cathedral on Sundays.
For three hours. He played badminton in his childhood.
For several minutes. He always came to meet me.
For many weeks. I always carried my identity card with me.
For two months.
For two years. RULE 3
Referring to situation related to past time; as,
My uncle was seriously ill.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 151

It was night. subsequent action Past Indefinite tense is used;

I was helpless that day. as,
He was absent from the class that day. The bus had departed before we reached the
bus station.
RULE 4 We reached the bus station after the bus had
We use Simple Past or Present Perfect tense when departed.
adverbs of time, as - today, this morning, this RULE 11
month, this year, recently etc.are used; as,
I saw him today. (Past Indefinite) If some action is going on in Past time and in
I have seen him today. (Present Perfect) the mean time another action occurs, in such
I saw this movie this week. (Past Indefinite) situation, we use Past Continuous tense for
I have seen this movie this week. (Present the action going on and Past Indefinite for the
Perfect) subsequent action; as,
I was having my lunch when Rustam came.
RULE 5 When I was reading a book, Paragi arrived.
We use Simple Past tense after - It is high time, While I was planting a sapling, an insect bit
It is about time, It is time etc.; as, me.
It is high time we left for the Railway Station.
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
RULE 6
Pattern
Past Indefinite is used for the action which
continues; as, • Subject + verb (IInd form) + O/A.
While the mother cooked, the children played. Example
While my wife cooked, I watched T.V. He saw a lion in the forest.
RULE 7 She wrote him a letter yesterday.
Past Indefinite is used in sentences expressing
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Past habitual actions where - always, never,
seldom, often, rarely, Used to/would, once a day/ Pattern
week/month, daily, every day/week/month/year
• Subject + did not + verb (Ist form)+ O/A.
etc. are used; as,
My father used to get up early in the morning. Example
Salim would wait for his beloved friend for I did not meet him yesterday.
hours. She did not complete her work in time.
My mother used to take care of me.
RULE 8 INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

In conditional sentences, when if clause is used. It Pattern

refers to present of future time; as, • Did + subject + verb (Ist form) + O/A?
If you worked hard you might pass the • Q.W. + did + subject + verb (Ist form) +
examination.
O/A?
If he come on time, I would pay him his salary.
Example
RULE 9
Did you see a boy on the way?
Simple past tense is used with supposition
Why did you break the table?
sentences beginning with - if, as if, as though, I
wish, if only, we wish, He/She wishes etc.; as,
I wish I were the Prime Minister of India.
If I became the Mayor of Allahabad. I would
solve all the Civic problems of the people.
Past continuous tense
He talks to me as if he were my boss.
RULE 10 RULE 1
When there are two clauses in a sentence i.e. two Past Continuous tense expresses an action going
kinds of actions are going, on with the previous on at some time in the past; as,
action Past Perfect tense is used and with the When she came into my room, I was studying.
He was looking ill yesterday.

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Ch 6 : Verb Forms (Tenses)

Futur e simple tense Example

I shall meet Dr. Verma tomorrow.
RULE 1 He will do his work honestly.
She will always obey her parents.
It is used to talk about things which we cannot
Zeenat and Jannat will win the competition.
control. It expresses the future as fact. We use
this tense to talk about what we think or believe INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
will happen in the future; as,
I think India will win the match. Pattern
• Will/Shall + subject + verb (Ist form) +
RULE 2
object?
It is used to express habitual action which will • Q.W. + will/shall + subject + verb (Ist
take place and which we cannot control; as, form) + object?
Spring will come again.
Example
RULE 3
Will you accept my advice?
It is used with clauses of condition, time and Will he attend the meeting on Sunday?
purpose; as, Why will they do the work here?
If I do this exercise, it will help you. Who will come to meet you tomorrow?
RULE 4
INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE SENTENCES
With adverbials such as tomorrow, day after
tomorrow, next week, next month, on coming Pattern
Saturday, in 2010 etc.; as,
• Will/Shall + subject + not + verb (Ist form)
She will do this practice next month.
+ object?
RULE 5 • Q.W. + will/shall + subject + not + verb
It is used to express the speaker’s opinion or (Ist form) + object?
assumption about the future, the tense is used Example
with : think, know, hope, suppose, believe, expect,
Will you not take the examination this year?
perhaps, probably, surely; as,
Why will they not celebrate Holi this year?
I think he will play.
RULE 6
Verbs not normally used in the continuous
tenses, e.g. auxiliary verbs, verbs of the senses, of Futur e continuous tense
emotion, thinking, possessing etc usually express
the future by the future simple, though be going RULE 1
to is sometime possible; as,
He will be here at six. It indicates an action that will be going on in
You will have time for tea. the future. It is usually accompanied by another
simultaneous action; as,
RULE 7 I shall be sleeping when you will be going for
It is used, chiefly in newspapers, news broadcasts, a walk.
for formal announcement of future plans and for RULE 2
weather forecasts; as,
The president will open the new heliport We use this tense to talk about actions in the
tomorrow. future which are already planned or which are
The fog will persist in all areas. expected to happen in the normal course of
things; as,
I will be staying here till Sunday.
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Note : With the future continuous we normally
Pattern mention the future time (next Friday etc.).
• Subject + will/shall + verb (Ist form) + RULE 3
object. This tense is used to indicate that a longer action
in the future will be interrupted. The interruption

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 153

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES time, or stopped just before it, we can often use
either past perfect or past perfect continuous; as,
Pattern It was now six and he was tired because he
• Subject + had + verb (IIIrd form) + O/A. had worked since dawn.
It was now six and he was tired because he
Example
had been working since dawn.
She had seen the Taj Mahal.
The patient had died before the doctor came. RULE 2
The Train had left before I reached the To denote an action that had been going on for
station. sometime before another action took place in the
The peon rang the bell after we had reached past; as,
school. I had been solving problems of mathematics
for hours when you come.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
RULE 3
Pattern
To express a repeated action in the past perfect as
• Subject + had not + verb (IIIrd verb) + a continuous action; as,
O/A. He had been trying to phone her.
Example
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
I had not seen the Red Fort.
She had not completed her homework. Pattern
The patient had not died before the doctor
came. • Subject + had been + verb (ing) + object +
since/for.
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Example
Pattern We had been studying in this college since
• Had + subject + verb (IIIrd form) + O/A? 1990.
• Q.W. + Had + subject + verb (IIIrd form) They had been teaching there for ten years.
+ O/A?
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Example
Pattern
Had you seen the Taj Mahal?
Had you reached school before the bell rang? • Subject + had + not been + verb (ing) +
Why had he not finished his work before the object + since/for.
teacher came? Example
ADVERBIALS He had not been working in this company for
ten years.
Before, after. The washerman had not been washing clothes
since 10 o’ clock.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Pattern
• Had + subject + been + verb (ing) + object
+ since/for?
Past perfect continuous tense • Q.W. + had + subject + been + verb (ing)
+ object + since/for?
The past perfect continuous bears the same
relation to the past perfect as the present perfect Example
continuous bears to the present perfect. Had they been working in that company for
RULE 1 twenty years?
Where had he been teaching them for four
When the action began before the time of months?
speaking in the past and continued up to that

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Ch 6 : Verb Forms (Tenses)

• Q. w. + will/shall + subject + have + verb NEGATIVE SENTENCES

(IIIrd form) + object? Pattern
Example • Subject + will/shall + not + have been +
Will you have completed your course before verb (ing) + ...
the examination begin?
Example
Will they have reached the station before the
train departs. Golu will not have been driving bicycle for
How will they have reached the field before it three hours.
starts raining. The labourers will not have been whitewashing
the house for four days.
INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE SENTENCES
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Pattern
Pattern
• Will/Shall + subject + not + have + verb
• Will/Shall + subject + have been + verb
(IIIrd form) + object?
(ing)?
• Q.W. + will/shall + subject + not + have +
• Q.W. + will/shall + subject + have been +
verb (IIIrd form) + object?
verb (ing)?
Example
Example
Will you not have reached the office before
Why will the teacher have been teaching the
10 o’ clock?
students since 10 o’ clock.
Shall we not have eaten food before the guests
Will they have been travelling for six hours?
come?
INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE SENTENCES

Pattern
Futur e perfect continuous tense
• Will/Shall + subject + not have been + verb
(ing) + object?
RULE 1 • Q.W. + will/shall + subject + not have been
The future perfect continuous tense is used for + verb (ing) +object?
actions which will be in progress over a period of Example
time that will end in the future; as,
Will the farmers not have been ploughing the
By next march we shall have been living here
field since morning?
for four years.
Why will the tailor master not have been
RULE 2 sewing any clothes for three days?
We can use the future perfect continuous to
emphasize how long something has been going on
by a particular point in the future; as,
On Saturday, we will have been living in this
house for a year.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
Conditiona l tense
Pattern
• Subject + will/shall + have been + verb
(ing) + object +since/for. Open condition
Example It tells us that something will take place, if a
certain condition is fulfilled. This condition may
The girls will have been dancing since 4 o’
or may not be fulfilled.
clock.
The shoe maker will have been repairing our Pattern
shoes since morning.
The gardener will have been watering the • Present Indefinite in If clause + Subject +
plants for two hours. will/shall/can/may + verb in main clause.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 155

is usually an action in the simple future; as, Example

I will be sleeping when my sister arrives. Will you not be playing ludo that time?
Shall we not be having our food there?
RULE 4
Why will they not be whitewashing the house
It is used to mention specific time as interruption; today?
as, Why will he not be talking to me.
At midnight tonight, we will still be driving
through the desert.

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES Futur e perfect tense

Pattern
RULE 1
• Subject + will be/shall be + verb (ing) +
object. It indicates an action which will be finished before
a certain time in the future; as,
Example I shall have come back from office before you
I shall be seeing him next week. go out.
I shall be staying in this hotel tomorrow
RULE 2
morning.
They will be travelling at this time. It is used to express the speaker’s belief that
The children will be doing their homework. something has taken place; as,
You will have heard of Ashoka’s victory.
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
RULE 3
Pattern Sometimes it is used to express a past possibility;
• Subject + will/shall + not + be + verb (ing) as,
+ object. She will have purchased a new sari.
Example
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
They will not be having food this time.
Pattern
I shall not be doing my work that day.
The children will not be learning their lesson. • Subject + will/shall + have + verb (IIIrd
The boatman will not be rowing this boat. form) + object.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES Example

Pattern All the guests will have taken dinner.
We shall have finished our work by then.
• Will/Shall + subject + be + verb (ing) +
object? NEGATIVE SENTENCES
• Q.W. + will/shall + subject + be + verb
(ing) + object? Pattern
Example • Subject + will not/shall not + have + verb
(IIIrd form) + object.
Will you be coming here tomorrow?
Who will be doing your work that day? Example
How will you be doing this work? The thief will not have fled before the police
Will he be preparing for his examination reach there.
there? We shall not have finished our game before
father comes here.
INTERROGATIVE NEGATIVE SENTENCES They will not have written the essay before
Pattern the teacher comes.

• Will/Shall + subject + not + be + verb (ing) INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

+ object?
• Q.W. + will/shall + subject + not + be + Pattern
verb (ing) + object? • Will/Shall + subject + have + verb (IIIrd
form) + object?

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Ch 6 : Verb Forms (Tenses)

I was reading all afternoon. Example

When he came to me I was talking to my She was not reading her book when I saw her.
wife. The lion was not sleeping under the tree.
RULE 2
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
Past Continuous tense is used to refer to an event
that was in progress at the time something else Pattern
happened; as,
• Was/were + subject + verb (Ist form) + ing
The boy fell down while he was running.
+ O/A?
She was sitting in a Cafe when I saw her.
• Q.W. + was/were + subject + verb (Ist form)
We were having coffee when the lights went
+ ing + O/A?
out.
Example
RULE 3
Was he crying?
This tense is used to refer to repeated action in
Were the cattle grazing in your field?
the past; as,
Were the police running after the thieves?
He was always telling me to do things I did
Why was he disturbing you?
not want to do.
RULE 4 ADVERBIALS
This tense is used to refer to an action that was 1. While, at that time.
intended to be done in the past but was not done; 2. At that moment, etc.
as,
Shirmila walked away, just as I was going to
speak to her.
RULE 5 Past Perfect tense
Past Continuous tense is used when two actions
are going on Simultaneously in the past; as, RULE 1
While Ramu was playing, I was doing my Past Perfect is used wherever we wish to say that
work. an action had been completed before another
While my wife was cooking food, I was writing commenced. The past of the sentence expressing
book. previous action is put into Past Perfect and the
RULE 6 part of the sentence expressing subsequent action
is put into Past Indefinite (Simple Past); as,
We use this tense in the following senses; as,
The ship was sunk by storm which had
He was becoming richer and richer.
suddenly sprung up.
It was getting darker and darker.
Monu had been ill for two days when the
Anita was growing more and more beautiful.
doctor was sent for.
AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES RULE 2
Pattern Past Perfect tense is used after - I wish, He/She
wishes, they wish, as though, as if etc. ; as,
• Subject + was/were + verb (Ist form) + ing I wish I had been born in London.
+ O/A. She talks to me as if she had come from the
Example USA.
The lion was sleeping under a tree. RULE 3
Mother was cooking food when I reached If some action was hoped in the past but was
home. not completed, we use words like - hope, think,
Boys were playing while girls were reading. expect, mean, intend, want, suppose etc. In such
situation both clauses of the sentence will be in
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
Simple Past tense; as,
Pattern I had wanted to meet him but unfortunately
I fell ill.
• Subject + was/were + not + verb (Ist form)
I had hoped that he would come to attend
+ ing + O/A.
my party.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 157

Example Pattern 2
• All persons + was/were + going to + Present
If Clause Main Clause form of verb.
If you come early We shall begin the work Example
If she loves him She will marry him I was going to give him a pen.

Future in the Past Continuous tense

Improbable or Imaginary condition
Future in the past continuous tense are used to
It tells us what we expect may not take place.
talk about an action we wanted to do in some
Pattern past time but the action itself did not take place.
• Simple Past in IF clause + Subject + would/
Pattern
should/could/might + infinitive (verb).
• All persons + might/would/could/should/
Example
must + have + been + Continuous form of
verb
If Clause Main Clause
If you paid the We would deliver the goods Example
amount I should have been writing a book by now.
If I saw Aman I could talk to him

E XERCISE (SOLVED)
Unfulfilled condition
It tells us that something did not take place 1. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the
because a particular condition was not fulfilled. correct form of the word given in brackets. Do
not copy the passage but write in correct serial
Pattern
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
• Past Perfect in IF clause + Subject + would/ space.
should/could/might + have + Past Participle Example :
in main clause. The wind (blow) fiercely through the trees.
Example Answer : blew.
It was a chilly evening, and the park _____ (i)
If Clause Main Clause (be) filled with people enjoying the last moments
of daylight. A group of children _____ (ii) (play)
If you had You would have faced
near the fountain, while some elders _____ (iii)
resigned the job several financial troubles
(relax) on benches. Nearby, a man _____ (iv)
If I had married I would have been happier (sell) hot snacks to those who felt hungry after
Geeta their walk. Suddenly, dark clouds _____ (v)
(gather) in the sky, and the air _____ (vi)
(turn) colder. A mother _____ (vii) (call) out
to her children, “Come quickly, it _____ (viii)
Ot her Tense (look) like it is going to rain!” As people hurried
to leave the park, the first drops of rain began
to fall. Those who had umbrellas opened them,
Future in the Past tense while others rushed to find shelter under trees or
Pattern 1 nearby gazebos. Despite the rain, the park still
looked beautiful, with the lights shimmering on
• All persons + might/would/could/should/ the wet paths.
must + have + Past Participle form of verb.
Ans
Example
(i) was
I might have given him a pen.
The simple past tense “was” is used to describe
the state of the park during a specific time in the

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Ch 6 : Verb Forms (Tenses)

(vii) was filled (v) remains

The past passive tense “was filled” describes the The present simple tense “remains” is used in the
air being filled with music, emphasizing the effect first conditional sentence to discuss a possibility
of the live band. for the future, dependent on the weather.
(viii) were planning (vi) entertained
The past continuous tense “were planning” The past simple tense “entertained” describes the
reflects the villagers’ ongoing action of discussing street musician’s completed action of performing
their visit for the next day. for visitors.
(vii) had set
15. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the The past perfect tense “had set” indicates that
correct form of the word given in brackets. Do the sun had already gone down before the park
not copy the passage but write in correct serial became calm again.
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
space. (viii) had left
Example : The past perfect tense “had left” emphasizes that
The clock (strike) twelve as the guests arrived. the visitors had already departed by the time the
Answer : struck. park grew quiet.
The city park _____ (i) (become) a hub of
activity every Sunday morning. Joggers _____ 16. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the
(ii) (run) along the tracks while yoga groups correct form of the word given in brackets. Do
practiced under the trees. Yesterday, the gardener not copy the passage but write in correct serial
_____ (iii) (plant) new flowers to brighten order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
the pathways. A group of children _____ (iv) space.
(play) cricket nearby, their cheers echoing across Example :
the park. “If the weather _____ (v) (remain) The boy (jump) over the fence to catch the ball.
clear, we will organize a picnic next weekend,” Answer : jumped.
said a father to his family. In the evening, a The city park _____ (i) (become) a hub of
street musician _____ (vi) (entertain) visitors activity every Sunday morning. Joggers _____
with his melodious tunes. By the time the sun (ii) (run) along the tracks while yoga groups
_____ (vii) (set), most of the visitors _____ practiced under the trees. Yesterday, the gardener
(viii) (leave), leaving the park calm and peaceful _____ (iii) (plant) new flowers to brighten the
once again. pathways, hoping they would bloom in time for the
Ans festival. A group of children _____ (iv) (play)
cricket nearby, their cheers echoing across the
(i) becomes park. In one corner, an artist _____ (v) (paint)
The present simple tense “becomes” is used to a landscape, capturing the park’s beauty on his
describe a habitual action, indicating that the canvas. “If the weather _____ (vi) (remain)
park regularly transforms into a lively spot every clear, we will organize a picnic next weekend,”
Sunday morning. said a father to his family. As the streetlights
(ii) are running flickered on, a street musician _____ (vii)
The present continuous tense “are running” (entertain) visitors with his melodious tunes. By
reflects the ongoing activity of joggers on the the time the sun _____ (viii) (set), most of
tracks. the visitors had left, leaving the park calm and
peaceful once again.
(iii) had planted
The past perfect tense “had planted” shows that Ans
the gardener completed planting flowers before (i) becomes
the other activities began. The present simple tense “becomes” is used to
(iv) were playing describe a habitual action, showing the park’s
The past continuous tense “were playing” regular transformation every Sunday morning.
emphasizes the children’s ongoing activity of (ii) are running
playing cricket at that moment. The present continuous tense “are running”

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 159

3. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the (vi) went

correct form of the word given in brackets. Do The simple past tense “went” is used to describe
not copy the passage but write in correct serial the sudden event of the power outage, marking a
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank clear point in time.
space. (vii) was plunged
Example : The past passive tense “was plunged” describes
The stars (twinkle) brightly in the clear night sky. the café’s sudden transition into darkness, with
Answer : twinkled. the focus on the effect rather than the cause.
It was a chilly evening, and the small café _____
(i) (fill) with people seeking warmth from the (viii) does not return
biting cold outside. A waiter, dressed in a crisp The present tense “does not return” is used
uniform, _____ (ii) (serve) coffee to a couple within the conditional clause to express a possible
seated by the window. The woman _____ outcome if the power does not come back soon.
(iii) (complain) about the delay, tapping her
fingers impatiently on the table. Her companion 4. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the
_____ (iv) (assure) her calmly that their order correct form of the word given in brackets. Do
would arrive soon, asking her to enjoy the cozy not copy the passage but write in correct serial
ambiance instead. Outside, the wind _____ order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
(v) (howl), rattling the windows and scattering space.
leaves across the street. Suddenly, the power Example :
_____ (vi) (go) out, and the café _____ The clouds (gather) quickly before the storm.
(vii) (plunge) into darkness. A hush fell over the Answer : gathered.
crowd as they waited for the lights to return. “If It was a quiet morning in the village, and the sun
the power _____ (viii) (not return) soon, we’ll _____ (i) (rise) slowly over the horizon, casting
have to leave,” the woman said, frustrated. A few a golden glow on the fields. Farmers _____ (ii)
moments later, the lights flickered back on, and (prepare) their tools for the day’s work, chatting
everyone clapped in relief, grateful for the warmth about the weather and the upcoming harvest.
and light. A young boy _____ (iii) (run) towards the
Ans riverbank, eager to catch some fish before school.
His father _____ (iv) (warn) him to stay
(i) was filling away from the deeper sections of the river as it
The past continuous tense “was filling” describes had rained heavily the night before. The water
an ongoing action of the café becoming crowded _____ (v) (flow) swiftly, carrying leaves and
with people seeking warmth on the chilly evening. twigs along with it. Suddenly, a group of villagers
(ii) was serving _____ (vi) (rush) to the boy, shouting for him to
The past continuous tense “was serving” indicates return. The boy, who _____ (vii) (not realize)
that the waiter was actively engaged in serving the danger, was startled and quickly moved back.
coffee to the couple during the described moment. “If you _____ (viii) (not be) careful, you’ll get
(iii) complained swept away,” his father scolded gently, relieved to
The simple past tense “complained” is used see him safe.
to indicate the woman’s completed action of Ans
expressing dissatisfaction about the delay.
(i) was rising
(iv) assured The past continuous tense “was rising” is used to
The simple past tense “assured” shows the describe the gradual action of the sun appearing
man’s completed action of calmly comforting over the horizon, emphasizing an ongoing process
his companion and asking her to focus on the in the morning.
ambiance.
(ii) were preparing
(v) was howling The past continuous tense “were preparing”
The past continuous tense “was howling” indicates that the farmers were actively getting
effectively describes the ongoing sound of the ready for the day’s work, showing simultaneous
wind, creating a vivid image of the weather actions.
outside.

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Ch 6 : Verb Forms (Tenses)

past, emphasizing the setting as it appeared on father, their laughter echoing in the air. Nearby,
that particular evening. an artist _____ (iv) (paint) portraits of visitors,
(ii) were playing capturing their smiles on canvas. Suddenly, a loud
The past continuous tense “were playing” cheer erupted as a group of children started a
describes the ongoing activity of the children friendly race. “If I _____ (v) (win) this race,
near the fountain, highlighting their actions as I’ll treat you all to ice cream!” one child shouted
happening simultaneously with other events in confidently. By the time the sun _____ (vi)
the park. (set), most visitors _____ (vii) (already/leave)
the park. The caretaker smiled, knowing that the
(iii) were relaxing park _____ (viii) (become) just as vibrant next
The past continuous tense “were relaxing” conveys weekend.
the elders’ ongoing action of sitting on benches. It
aligns with the narrative flow of describing various Ans
activities happening simultaneously in the park. (i) is
(iv) was selling The simple present tense “is” is used to describe
The past continuous tense “was selling” describes the park’s lively nature, indicating a habitual or
the ongoing activity of the man offering snacks, general truth about weekends.
emphasizing continuity during the same time (ii) arrive
frame as other activities in the narrative. The simple present tense “arrive” highlights the
(v) gathered regular activity of families coming early to secure
The simple past tense “gathered” indicates a spots under the trees, showing a habitual action.
completed action. The clouds appeared suddenly, (iii) was flying
signaling an important transition in the scene and The past continuous tense “was flying” describes
marking a change in the weather. the ongoing action of the boy flying a kite with
(vi) turned his father, creating a vivid and dynamic picture
The simple past tense “turned” describes the of their activity.
sudden shift in temperature as the air became (iv) was painting
colder. It provides a cause-and-effect link to the The past continuous tense “was painting” is
appearance of dark clouds in the sky. used to depict the artist’s ongoing activity of
(vii) called creating portraits during the described moment,
The simple past tense “called” shows the mother’s emphasizing continuity.
completed action of summoning her children. It (v) win
reflects her immediate reaction to the changing The simple present tense “win” is used within
weather conditions. the conditional sentence (“If I win this race”),
(viii) looks expressing a possible future action that depends
The present tense “looks” is used to describe the on the child’s success.
immediate observation of the sky. It highlights an (vi) sets
ongoing situation, reflecting the mother’s concern The simple present tense “sets” describes the
as she assesses the likelihood of rain. regular occurrence of the sun setting, as part of
the natural rhythm and timeline of the park’s
2. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the activities.
correct form of the word given in brackets. Do
not copy the passage but write in correct serial (vii) had already left
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank The past perfect tense “had already left” indicates
space. that most visitors departed before a specific
Example : moment in the past, creating a clear sequence of
The children (play) happily in the garden. events.
Answer : played. (viii) will become
The park _____ (i) (be) a lively place on The simple future tense “will become” expresses
weekends. Families _____ (ii) (arrive) early the caretaker’s confident expectation about
to secure picnic spots under the shade of trees. the park’s vibrancy in the upcoming weekend,
A young boy _____ (iii) (fly) a kite with his projecting a sense of continuity.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 161

everyone stop and look up at the sky. People Example :

_____ (vi) (gather) in large numbers near the The birds (fly) across the blue sky.
main square, where a grand celebration _____ Answer : flew.
(vii) (take) place. Music from loudspeakers It was a bright spring morning, and the park
_____ (viii) (add) to the cheerful atmosphere. _____ (i) (be) alive with activity. Joggers
Children laughed and danced around, while adults _____ (ii) (run) along the tracks, and families
clicked pictures of the beautiful decorations. The _____ (iii) (spread) blankets on the grass
family finally found a spot near the stage, excited for picnics. A young boy _____ (iv) (fly) his
to watch the performances. Everyone cheered as kite, his laughter echoing as the wind carried it
the performers made their way onto the stage, higher. Nearby, an old man _____ (v) (feed)
waving to the audience. breadcrumbs to the pigeons that had gathered
around him. A group of children _____ (vi)
Ans
(play) hide-and-seek near the bushes, their shouts
(i) were decorated filling the air. Suddenly, a loud whistle _____
The past passive tense “were decorated” is used (vii) (blow), signaling the start of a bicycle race
to indicate that the streets had been adorned organized by the park authorities. Spectators
with lights, emphasizing the result of the action. clapped and cheered as participants sped past. “If
(ii) were selling I _____ (viii) (win) this race, I’ll buy ice cream
The past continuous tense “were selling” describes for everyone!” one of the racers joked, making the
the ongoing action of vendors offering sweets and crowd laugh.
toys to families during the festive evening. Ans
(iii) spotted (i) was
The simple past tense “spotted” is used to describe The simple past tense “was” is used to describe
the little girl’s completed action of noticing the the state of the park being full of life and activity
beautiful doll. on the bright spring morning.
(iv) were moving (ii) were running
The past continuous tense “were moving” The past continuous tense “were running”
emphasizes the family’s ongoing action of walking describes the ongoing action of joggers actively
towards the toy stall amidst the festivities. running along the tracks.
(v) filled (iii) had spread
The simple past tense “filled” describes the The past perfect tense “had spread” indicates
sudden and complete action of the sound of that families had already laid out their blankets
fireworks spreading through the air. before the main events in the park occurred.
(vi) had gathered (iv) was flying
The past perfect tense “had gathered” is used to The past continuous tense “was flying” shows the
show that people had already assembled in large young boy’s ongoing activity of flying his kite,
numbers before the grand celebration began. emphasizing the continuous nature of his action.
(vii) was taking (v) was feeding
The past continuous tense “was taking” highlights The past continuous tense “was feeding” describes
the ongoing nature of the grand celebration in the the old man’s action of giving breadcrumbs to the
main square. pigeons as it happened during the scene.
(viii) added (vi) were playing
The simple past tense “added” shows the The past continuous tense “were playing”
completed action of music contributing to the emphasizes the children’s ongoing activity of
cheerful atmosphere, enhancing the festive mood. playing hide-and-seek near the bushes.
(vii) blew
7. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the
The simple past tense “blew” describes the sudden
correct form of the word given in brackets. Do
and completed action of the whistle being blown
not copy the passage but write in correct serial
to signal the start of the race.
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
space.

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Ch 6 : Verb Forms (Tenses)

(iii) ran Ans

The simple past tense “ran” is used to describe (i) was
the boy’s quick movement towards the riverbank, The simple past tense “was” is used to describe
a completed action in the sequence. the state of the park filled with laughter, setting
(iv) warned the scene for the autumn afternoon.
The simple past tense “warned” describes the (ii) decided
father’s completed action of cautioning the boy The simple past tense “decided” shows the
about the river’s dangers. completed action of the group of friends planning
(v) was flowing to organize the football match.
The past continuous tense “was flowing” captures (iii) were split
the river’s ongoing action of moving swiftly, The past passive tense “were split” describes how
highlighting the dynamic scene. the teams were divided, focusing on the result
(vi) rushed rather than the action itself.
The simple past tense “rushed” is used to describe (iv) volunteered
the villagers’ sudden action of hurrying towards The simple past tense “volunteered” indicates the
the boy, emphasizing urgency. young boy’s completed action of stepping forward
(vii) had not realized to be the referee.
The past perfect tense “had not realized” indicates (v) were watching
the boy’s lack of awareness before the villagers The past continuous tense “were watching”
reached him, showing an earlier moment in the describes the ongoing action of parents cheering
past. for their children during the game.
(viii) are not (vi) was rolling
The present tense “are not” is used in a conditional The past continuous tense “was rolling”
clause to indicate a warning about the boy’s emphasizes the ongoing movement of the ball
future safety, linking it to the father’s concern. across the field during the match.
(vii) got
5. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the The simple past tense “got” indicates the player’s
correct form of the word given in brackets. Do quick action of standing up after tripping, showing
not copy the passage but write in correct serial determination.
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
space. (viii) win
Example : The present tense “win” is used in the conditional
The river (flow) swiftly after the heavy rain. clause to express a future possibility, motivating
Answer : flowed. the team to strive for victory.
It was a crisp autumn afternoon, and the park
_____ (i) (be) filled with the laughter of 6. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the
children. A group of friends _____ (ii) (decide) correct form of the word given in brackets. Do
to organize a small football match. The teams not copy the passage but write in correct serial
_____ (iii) (split) evenly, and a young boy order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
_____ (iv) (volunteer) to be the referee. As space.
the game began, parents _____ (v) (watch) Example :
from the benches, cheering for their children. The flowers (bloom) beautifully in spring.
The ball _____ (vi) (roll) swiftly across the Answer : bloomed.
field as players darted around to score goals. It was a festive evening in the city, and the streets
Suddenly, a player tripped and fell, but he _____ (i) (decorate) with colorful lights.
quickly _____ (vii) (get) up, determined to Vendors _____ (ii) (sell) sweets and toys,
continue. “If we _____ (viii) (win) this match, attracting families strolling through the market. A
we’ll celebrate with ice cream!” one of the boys little girl _____ (iii) (spot) a beautiful doll and
shouted, motivating his team. The match ended asked her father to buy it for her. As they _____
in a thrilling draw, leaving everyone excited for (iv) (move) towards the toy stall, the sound
the next game. of fireworks _____ (v) (fill) the air, making

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 163

(iv) will start (ii) were playing

The future tense “will start” is used to indicate The past continuous tense “were playing”
the coach’s announcement about the game indicates that the children were actively enjoying
beginning shortly. the swings at that moment.
(v) had already warmed (iii) were relaxing
The past perfect tense “had already warmed” The past continuous tense “were relaxing” shows
shows that the boys completed their warm-up that the parents were resting nearby while the
before the game started. children played.
(vi) were watching (iv) was feeding
The past continuous tense “were watching” The past continuous tense “was feeding” describes
reflects the ongoing action of some spectators the ongoing action of the man feeding the birds.
observing the game while it was happening. (v) will get
(vii) will have arrived The simple future tense “will get” expresses the
The future perfect tense “will have arrived” man’s promise to reward his dog with treats later.
indicates that other spectators would join the (vi) was selling
game later by a specific point in the future. The past continuous tense “was selling” highlights
(viii) will be celebrating the ice-cream vendor’s ongoing activity of serving
The future continuous tense “will be celebrating” cones to children.
expresses the coach’s statement about the (vii) was growing
upcoming event, emphasizing an action planned The past continuous tense “was growing” reflects
to occur over a period of time. the increasing length of the line as more people
queued up for ice cream.
10. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the
correct form of the word given in brackets. Do (viii) will have spent
not copy the passage but write in correct serial The future perfect tense “will have spent” suggests
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank that by the time the visitors leave, they will have
space. dedicated several hours to enjoying the park.
Example :
The cat (sit) quietly by the fireplace. 11. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the
Answer : sat. correct form of the word given in brackets. Do
The park _____ (i) (be) crowded with visitors not copy the passage but write in correct serial
on a sunny Sunday morning. Children _____ order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
(ii) (play) on the swings while their parents space.
_____ (iii) (relax) on benches nearby. A man Example :
_____ (iv) (feed) birds when his dog ran off The sun (rise) over the hills.
to chase a squirrel. The dog’s excited barks Answer : rose.
echoed across the park. “I _____ (v) (get) you The small village _____ (i) (be) known for its
some treats later if you behave,” the man called peaceful atmosphere and scenic beauty. Every
out, laughing. Meanwhile, the ice-cream vendor morning, villagers _____ (ii) (gather) at the
_____ (vi) (sell) cones to eager kids, and the market to buy fresh produce. Last Sunday, a
line _____ (vii) (grow) longer by the minute. traveler _____ (iii) (arrive) at the village
Near the fountain, a group of teenagers played and _____ (iv) (explore) its narrow lanes. He
music on their guitars, entertaining the crowd. _____ (v) (find) an old bookshop that sold
“By the time we leave, we _____ (viii) (spend) rare novels and decided to purchase a few. “If
hours here,” one of the visitors remarked, enjoying I _____ (vi) (visit) this place again, I will
the peaceful atmosphere. bring my friends along,” he thought happily. As
the evening approached, the traveler sat near the
Ans riverbank and _____ (vii) (watch) the sunset.
(i) was By the time he returned to his inn, the villagers
The simple past tense “was” describes the state _____ (viii) (prepare) for their annual festival,
of the park being crowded on a sunny Sunday filling the air with excitement.
morning.

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Ch 6 : Verb Forms (Tenses)

(viii) win (vi) was walking

The present tense “win” is used in the conditional The past continuous tense “was walking” describes
clause to express a possibility or intention for the the elderly couple’s ongoing activity of strolling
racer if he emerges victorious. slowly while reminiscing about their past travels.
(vii) was entertaining
8. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the The past continuous tense “was entertaining”
correct form of the word given in brackets. Do emphasizes the street performer’s ongoing action
not copy the passage but write in correct serial of amusing the crowd with his tricks.
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
space. (viii) had set
Example : The past perfect tense “had set” indicates that
The teacher (explain) the concept clearly to the the sun’s setting occurred before people began
students. heading home, marking the end of the peaceful
Answer : explained. day.
It was a beautiful evening, and the park _____
(i) (be) full of people enjoying the weather. A 9. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the
group of children _____ (ii) (run) around correct form of the word given in brackets. Do
the playground while their parents _____ not copy the passage but write in correct serial
(iii) (watch) from nearby benches. A little boy order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
_____ (iv) (lose) his ball in the bushes and space.
searched frantically for it. “If I _____ (v) (find) Example :
my ball, I’ll join the game again,” he muttered to The stars (shine) brightly in the night sky.
himself. Meanwhile, an elderly couple _____ Answer : shone.
(vi) (walk) slowly on the path, talking about their The school playground _____ (i) (be) lively as
past travels. At the same time, a street performer children played their favorite games. A group of
_____ (vii) (entertain) a crowd with his tricks. boys _____ (ii) (chase) each other, while others
By the time the sun _____ (viii) (set), everyone _____ (iii) (prepare) for a friendly soccer
began heading home, grateful for the peaceful day match. At that moment, the coach arrived and
they had spent together. announced, “We _____ (iv) (start) the game
in five minutes.” By the time the game began,
Ans the boys _____ (v) (already/warm) up. A
(i) was few spectators _____ (vi) (watch) the game,
The simple past tense “was” is used to describe while others _____ (vii) (arrive) later to cheer
the state of the park being full of people during for their teams. “Next week, we _____ (viii)
the beautiful evening. (celebrate) the annual sports day,” the coach
reminded everyone, urging them to practice
(ii) were running
harder for the big event.
The past continuous tense “were running”
emphasizes the ongoing action of children actively Ans
playing in the playground. (i) was
(iii) were watching The simple past tense “was” describes the state
The past continuous tense “were watching” of the school playground being lively as children
highlights the parents’ ongoing activity of engaged in their activities.
observing their children while sitting on nearby (ii) were chasing
benches. The past continuous tense “were chasing”
(iv) had lost highlights the ongoing action of a group of boys
The past perfect tense “had lost” indicates that running after each other during the described
the little boy’s action of losing the ball occurred moment.
before he started searching for it frantically. (iii) were preparing
(v) find The past continuous tense “were preparing”
The present tense “find” is used in the conditional indicates the children’s activity of getting ready
clause to express the boy’s intention to join the for a friendly soccer match.
game if he finds his ball.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 165

The bustling train station _____ (i) (be) new city, making the statement more vivid and
crowded with travelers heading to different immediate.
destinations. A young girl _____ (ii) (wait)
patiently on a bench, clutching her ticket 14. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the
tightly. Yesterday, she _____ (iii) (pack) her correct form of the word given in brackets. Do not
belongings carefully, knowing this would be her copy the passage but write in correct serial order
first solo journey. As she _____ (iv) (observe) the word or phrase appropriate to the blank space.
the people around her, an announcement echoed Example :
through the station about a delayed train. “If The students (gather) around the teacher.
the train _____ (v) (arrive) late, I will miss Answer : gathered.
my connection,” she thought anxiously. Nearby, The village fair _____ (i) (be) an annual
a vendor _____ (vi) (sell) snacks to hungry event that everyone looked forward to. Families
passengers, his voice rising above the chatter. The _____ (ii) (arrive) early in the morning to
girl’s train finally pulled into the platform, and enjoy the festivities. Yesterday, the workers
she quickly boarded. By the time she reached her _____ (iii) (set) up colorful stalls, preparing
seat, the station _____ (vii) (become) quieter for the grand opening. As the fair _____
as the other trains departed. She smiled, thinking (iv) (begin), children rushed to the rides, their
about the adventure that _____ (viii) (await) laughter echoing in the air. A magician, who
her in the new city. _____ (v) (perform) near the main stage, drew
a large crowd with his tricks. “If we _____ (vi)
Ans
(visit) the fair tomorrow, we will try the new food
(i) was stalls,” a visitor told his friend. By evening, the
The past simple tense “was” is used to describe air _____ (vii) (fill) with music from the live
the state of the train station being crowded at band, and the crowd danced in joy. As the day
that time. ended, the villagers _____ (viii) (plan) their
(ii) was waiting visit for the next day, excited for what more the
The past continuous tense “was waiting” shows fair had to offer.
the ongoing action of the young girl sitting and
Ans
waiting patiently.
(i) is
(iii) had packed
The present simple tense “is” describes the village
The past perfect tense “had packed” indicates the
fair as a recurring event, emphasizing its annual
action of packing her belongings was completed
occurrence.
before her journey started.
(ii) arrive
(iv) was observing
The present simple tense “arrive” is used for
The past continuous tense “was observing”
habitual actions, describing families coming early
reflects her ongoing action of watching the people
every year.
around her.
(v) arrives (iii) had set
The present simple tense “arrives” is used in the The past perfect tense “had set” shows that the
first conditional to express her concern about a workers completed setting up the stalls before the
possible future event. grand opening of the fair.

(vi) was selling (iv) began

The past continuous tense “was selling” describes The past simple tense “began” indicates the
the vendor’s ongoing activity of selling snacks at moment when the fair officially started.
the station. (v) was performing
(vii) had become The past continuous tense “was performing”
The past perfect tense “had become” indicates highlights the magician’s ongoing activity of
that the station was quieter by the time she entertaining the crowd.
reached her seat. (vi) visit
(viii) awaits The present simple tense “visit” is used in the
The present simple tense “awaits” is used to first conditional to describe a possible action in
describe the adventure she anticipates in the the future.

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Ch 6 : Verb Forms (Tenses)

you _____ (vi) (watch) where you walk, this The city library _____ (i) (be) a quiet place
won’t happen,” his mother scolded him gently. where people often came to study or relax. Visitors
As the sun set, the marketplace _____ (vii) _____ (ii) (sit) at tables, flipping through books
(become) quieter, and the vendors packed up their and taking notes. Yesterday, a librarian _____
goods. By the time the streetlights _____ (viii) (iii) (organize) a special event to celebrate local
(turn) on, the once-crowded area had transformed authors. During the event, a young girl _____
into a peaceful corner of the city. (iv) (ask) the author a thoughtful question about
his latest book. The author smiled and replied, “If
Ans
you _____ (v) (continue) to read widely, you’ll
(i) is discover many fascinating worlds.” Meanwhile,
The present simple tense “is” describes the in a corner of the library, a group of students
vibrant and ongoing nature of the marketplace _____ (vi) (discuss) their project. By the time
on weekends. the event _____ (vii) (end), everyone _____
(ii) are arranging (viii) (leave) with a new appreciation for literature
The present continuous tense “are arranging” and creativity.
reflects the vendors’ ongoing action of setting up Ans
their stalls neatly.
(i) is
(iii) are browsing The present simple tense “is” describes the ongoing
The present continuous tense “are browsing” is quiet and serene atmosphere of the library.
used to show the customers’ current activity of
looking through the goods. (ii) are sitting
The present continuous tense “are sitting”
(iv) had entertained conveys the visitors’ current activity of sitting
The past perfect tense “had entertained” indicates and flipping through books.
that the group of performers finished entertaining
the crowd before the current time being described. (iii) had organized
The past perfect tense “had organized” indicates
(v) was carrying that the librarian completed organizing the event
The past continuous tense “was carrying” before the current moment described.
describes the boy’s action of carrying the basket
before he stumbled. (iv) asked
The past simple tense “asked” narrates the
(vi) watch specific action taken by the young girl during the
The present simple tense “watch” is used in the event.
conditional sentence to express the mother’s
advice about being careful in the future. (v) continue
The present simple tense “continue” is used in the
(vii) became conditional clause to express the author’s advice
The past simple tense “became” describes the for the future.
transformation of the bustling marketplace as it
turned quieter after sunset. (vi) were discussing
The past continuous tense “were discussing”
(viii) had turned describes the students’ ongoing action of
The past perfect tense “had turned” emphasizes discussing their project during the event.
that the streetlights were already on by the time
the marketplace had quieted down. (vii) ended
The past simple tense “ended” shows the
conclusion of the event in the narrative.
19. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the
correct form of the word given in brackets. Do (viii) had left
not copy the passage but write in correct serial The past perfect tense “had left” emphasizes that
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank everyone departed the library before the final
space. moment being described.
Example :
The baker (bake) fresh bread for the morning
market.
Answer : baked.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 167

reflects an ongoing activity of joggers at the time Ans

being described. (i) looks
The present simple tense “looks” is used to
(iii) had planted
describe the serene appearance of the countryside
The past perfect tense “had planted” is used
as the sun rises, indicating a general truth.
to indicate that the gardener finished planting
flowers before other actions took place. (ii) are preparing
The present continuous tense “are preparing”
(iv) were playing
reflects the ongoing activity of the farmers as they
The past continuous tense “were playing”
get ready for their day’s work.
emphasizes the children’s ongoing action of
playing cricket during that moment. (iii) are chirping
The present continuous tense “are chirping”
(v) was painting
describes the ongoing cheerful sounds made by
The past continuous tense “was painting”
the birds in the trees.
describes the artist’s activity of capturing the
park’s beauty on his canvas as it happened. (iv) had celebrated
The past perfect tense “had celebrated” indicates
(vi) remains
that the villagers completed celebrating their
The present simple tense “remains” is used in the
festival before the current events being described.
first conditional sentence to discuss a possible
future scenario dependent on the weather. (v) was repairing
The past continuous tense “was repairing”
(vii) entertained
describes the fisherman’s ongoing activity of
The past simple tense “entertained” describes
fixing his net in preparation for work.
the completed action of the street musician
performing for visitors in the evening. (vi) stays
The present simple tense “stays” is used in a first
(viii) had set
conditional sentence to discuss a possible future
The past perfect tense “had set” indicates that
scenario based on the weather.
the sun had already gone down before the park
became quiet. (vii) were playing
The past continuous tense “were playing” is used
17. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the to show that the children’s activity of playing
correct form of the word given in brackets. Do near the fields was ongoing during that time.
not copy the passage but write in correct serial (viii) had set
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank The past perfect tense “had set” indicates that
space. the sun had already gone down by the time the
Example : villagers gathered by the bonfire.
The leaves (rustle) gently in the evening breeze.
Answer : rustled. 18. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the
The countryside _____ (i) (look) serene as correct form of the word given in brackets. Do
the sun rose over the hills, casting a golden glow. not copy the passage but write in correct serial
Farmers _____ (ii) (prepare) their tools for order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
the day’s work while birds _____ (iii) (chirp) space.
joyfully in the trees. Yesterday, the village Example :
_____ (iv) (celebrate) its annual harvest The farmer (plough) the field early in the morning.
festival with music and dance. Near the river, a Answer : ploughed.
fisherman _____ (v) (repair) his net, getting The bustling marketplace _____ (i) (be) a
ready for a long day of work. “If the weather vibrant scene on weekends. Vendors _____
_____ (vi) (stay) this calm, we will have a (ii) (arrange) their stalls neatly, while customers
good catch today,” he told his friend. As the day _____ (iii) (browse) through fresh produce and
progressed, children _____ (vii) (play) near the handmade goods. Yesterday, a group of performers
fields, their laughter echoing in the distance. By _____ (iv) (entertain) the crowd with their
the time the sun _____ (viii) (set), the villagers lively music and dances. Nearby, a boy _____
had gathered by the bonfire to share stories and (v) (carry) a basket of fruits for his mother when
enjoy their meal together. he stumbled and spilled them on the ground. “If

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Ch 6 : Verb Forms (Tenses)

Ans suggested some local eateries to visit. As they

(i) is spoke, a group of children _____ (vi) (play)
The present tense “is” describes the village’s well- near the fountain, their laughter filling the air. “If
known reputation, which is a current and ongoing I _____ (vii) (visit) this city again, I will spend
fact. more time exploring it,” the tourist remarked.
Later, as the evening sky _____ (viii) (turn)
(ii) gather
shades of orange, the streets became quieter.
The simple present tense “gather” reflects the
The vendor packed up his stall and left, ready to
villagers’ habitual action of meeting at the market
return the next day to the same lively corner.
every morning.
(iii) arrived Ans
The simple past tense “arrived” indicates that (i) comes
the traveler reached the village on a specific past The present simple tense “comes” is used to
occasion. describe a habitual action that happens every
(iv) explored morning in the city.
The simple past tense “explored” shows the (ii) is selling
traveler’s action of walking through the narrow The present continuous tense “is selling” indicates
lanes during his visit. an ongoing activity of the vendor at the corner.
(v) found (iii) noticed
The simple past tense “found” describes the The past simple tense “noticed” shows that the
traveler’s discovery of the old bookshop. vendor saw the tourist at a specific moment in
(vi) visit the past.
The simple present tense “visit” is used in the (iv) was asking
first conditional structure, expressing a possible The past continuous tense “was asking” describes
future action. the tourist’s action of seeking directions during
(vii) watched that moment.
The simple past tense “watched” indicates that (v) guided
the traveler observed the sunset as part of his The past simple tense “guided” reflects the
experience. vendor’s completed action of helping the tourist
(viii) were preparing with directions.
The past continuous tense “were preparing” (vi) were playing
highlights the villagers’ ongoing activity of getting The past continuous tense “were playing”
ready for their annual festival as the traveler illustrates the ongoing activity of the children at
returned. that time.
(vii) visit
12. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the The present simple tense “visit” is used in the
correct form of the word given in brackets. Do first conditional to express the tourist’s possible
not copy the passage but write in correct serial future action.
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
space. (viii) turned
Example : The past simple tense “turned” describes the
The bird (sing) sweetly in the tree. change in the color of the sky as the evening
Answer : sang. approached.
The bustling city _____ (i) (come) alive every
morning with the sound of traffic and people 13. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the
hurrying to work. A vendor _____ (ii) (sell) correct form of the word given in brackets. Do
newspapers at the corner of the street, calling out not copy the passage but write in correct serial
headlines to attract buyers. Yesterday, he _____ order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank
(iii) (notice) a curious tourist who _____ (iv) space.
(ask) about directions to a nearby museum. The Example :
vendor happily _____ (v) (guide) him and even The fire (burn) brightly in the cold winter night.
Answer : burned.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 169

20. Fill in each of the numbered blanks with the (vii) remains
correct form of the word given in brackets. Do The present simple tense “remains” is used in the
not copy the passage but write in correct serial conditional clause to indicate a possible future
order the word or phrase appropriate to the blank scenario.
space. (viii) had set
Example : The past perfect tense “had set” reflects the
The students (write) their answers carefully in completion of the sunset before the villagers fully
the exam. immersed themselves in their plans.
Answer : wrote.
The village square _____ (i) (be) bustling
with activity on market day. Farmers _____
(ii) (display) their fresh produce while shoppers www.nodia.i
_____ (iii) (browse) through the colorful
stalls. Yesterday, the village head _____ (iv)
(announce) a festival to celebrate the harvest
season. Children _____ (v) (run) around
excitedly, planning games and decorating the
square. Near the fountain, a musician _____
(vi) (play) a cheerful tune, drawing a small crowd.
“If the weather _____ (vii) (remain) pleasant,
we will host the festival outdoors,” said one of
the organizers. As the market started to wind
down, the villagers began discussing their plans
for the festival. By the time the sun _____
(viii) (set), the square was alive with laughter and
anticipation for the celebrations.
Ans
(i) is
The present simple tense “is” sets the current
vibrant scene of the bustling village square.
(ii) are displaying
The present continuous tense “are displaying”
highlights the ongoing action of farmers presenting
their produce.
(iii) are browsing
The present continuous tense “are browsing”
describes the shoppers actively exploring the
colorful stalls.
(iv) announced
The past simple tense “announced” recounts
the specific action taken by the village head the
previous day.
(v) were running
The past continuous tense “were running”
captures the children’s lively and ongoing activity
during the event.
(vi) was playing
The past continuous tense “was playing” describes
the musician’s action of performing a cheerful
tune at a particular moment.

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Ch 7 : Prepositions

CHAPTER
7
Prepositions

INTRODUCTIO preposition; as, according to, on account of, in

course of, in favour of, in order to, in spite of, in
case of, on behalf of etc.
Prepositions are words placed before a noun,
Participial Prepositions
pronoun, or noun group to show their relationship
When the present participle of a verb acts
with another word in the sentence. They establish
as a preposition, it is known as a participial
connections, such as time, place, direction, or
preposition; as, regarding, barring, providing,
manner. For example, “on,” “in,” and “at” are
concerning, considering, pending, respecting,
common prepositions. Prepositions can vary based
notwithstanding, touching etc.
on context, and their usage may differ depending
on the sentence. While prepositions are essential
for constructing meaningful sentences, they can
also be tricky to master. Some verbs may not USES OF CERTAIN PREPOSITIONS
require a preposition at all. Consistent practice is
the key to understanding and using prepositions
About
correctly in different contexts.
Around, on every side of, all round; as,
They walked about the town.
They build a boundary wall about the house.
t ypes of prepositions
Nearly, near to; as,
Prepositions can be classified into different types The train is about to come.
based on their structure and usage. Understanding There are about fifty students in the class.
these categories helps in identifying and using Concerning, with regard to; as,
prepositions correctly in sentences. The main I am worried about my wife’s health.
types of prepositions are: He talked about cinema.
1. Simple Preposition
2. Compound Preposition Before an infinitive, on the point of, in the act
3. Phrase Preposition of; as,
4. Participial Preposition The match is about to start.
Simple Preposition I am about to sleep.
They are the simple words used as prepositions;
as, at, by, for, from, in, of, off, on, out, over, Above
through, till, to, under, up, with etc. Higher than; as,
Compound Preposition The aeroplane was flying above the clouds.
They are generally formed by prefixing a The fan is above our heads.
preposition to a noun, an adjective or an adverb;
Greater in number, weight, price; as,
as, about, above, across, along, amidst, among,
The price of the land is above five lakhs.
around, before, behind, below, beneath, beside,
The temperature is above average.
between, beyond, inside, outside, underneath,
within, without etc. Beyond, superior to or out of reach; as,
Phrase Preposition His behaviour is above suspicion.
When a group of words is used with the force Avinash is above fifty.
of a single preposition, it is known as a phrase He is above jealousy.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 171

Along Indicates rate or degree, price, number; as,

Keeping on a line or length, through any part of Rahul drives at full speed.
the length of; as, Amit is selling goods at a loss.
We walked along the road. Pradumn estimated the crowd at 1000.
There are trees along the sea beach. Indicates state, manner, activity; as,
They were at war with their neighbours.
Across The children are at play.
Shalley is good at English but weak at Hindi.
On the other side of; as,
The ships are at sea.
Sanjeev’s house is across the road.
He spoke to me from across the ground. Before
From one side to the other (in open place); as, In front of; as,
They went across the road. Before him was the hospital.
There is a bridge across the river. He lives before my room.

After Earlier than (showing time and showing place);

as,
Later than, next in order or time; as,
They will come before nine
He came after nine.
Rewari comes before Delhi.
Put the verb after the subject.
Behind (of places); as, In the presence of; as,
Shut the door after you. The student was brought before the principal.
(When you leave the room) The witness appeared before the judge.
I ran after the bus.
Behind
Among
At the back of; as,
Surrounded by, in the middle of more than two; He stood behind his father.
as, Raman lives behind my house.
Rahul was sitting among his friends.
There is a town among the hills. In support of; as,
Showing inclusion or association; as, The whole family is behind you in your
I saw him among the crowd. difficulties.
Among those present was the Principal of our The whole family is behind the senior most
college. member of the house.
Used for more than two persons or things; as, Inferior or backward; as,
The sweet was divided among the five friends. Rajesh is behind all other students at
Settle the matter among yourselves. Mathematics.
Pakistan is behind India in technology.
At
Indicates point of age; as, Below
He joined school at three. Lower than, lower in rate, value or importance;
He succeeded at last. (indicates order) as,
Indicates direction, used with the names of The picture hung below the window.
festivals like Diwali, Holi etc.; as, A lecturer is below a professor.
He aimed at the target. He is a below dignity person.
Raman laughed at me.
Indicates an exact point of time; as, Between
The doctor came at ten. Used for two reference points to indicate time,
We are busy at present. position, distance, division or connection; as,
Indicates exact place like home, bus stand, railway There is no dispute between you and me.
station, office, bank, school, college, small village Alwar lies between Delhi and Jaipur.
etc.; as, Distribute the sweets between Sarthak and
He met me at the railway station. Satvik.
He is at his office. Call me between 6 to 8 p.m.

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Ch 7 : Prepositions

Indicates means or agency; as, In the sense of as far as; as,

I got this opportunity through the Principal. There is corruption from top to bottom.
I knew him through Aman. Netaji Subhash Chandra is famous from east
I got this job through the local M.L.A. to west.
On account of or as a result of; as,
He succeeded through hard work. Shows comparison with these words : prefer,
The accident took place through negligence. junior, senior, inferior, superior, prior; as,
Raman is junior to me.
With Your watch is inferior to mine.
Concerning indicates opposition; as, I prefer milk to tea.
I sympathise with you in your difficulties.
He quarrelled with his friends Under
In the state of; as,
Indicates what is used for filling, covering etc.; as, He is under stress.
The hills were covered with greenary. The road is under repairs.
The box was filled with Ornaments. He is living under as assumed name.
Indicates means, instrument, on account of; as, Lower than : vertically below; as,
He killed the python with a sword. We were sitting under the tree.
(instrument) I want to sit under the fan.
He writes with a pen. (means) There is nothing new under the sun.
The flowers were wet with dew. (on account
of) Covered by; as,
She hid her face under the bedcover.
Indicates cause, because of, owing to; as, The railway line remained under water for
He was trembling with fear. two days.
He was dying with hunger.
Her face was wet with tears. Without
In phrases : Deal with, agree with (a person), do Not having, free from; as,
away with, part with, down with, fight with; as, Don’t drive two wheeler without helmet.
He won’t part with these books. Don’t go out without your hat on.
Down with the tyrant! We can’t live without oxygen and water.
He can’t speak English without making
In the possession of or in the care of; as, mistakes.
They left their luggage with one of their old
friend.
The money is safe with my father.
Leave the baby with its aunt. P REPOSITIONS AFTER CERTAIN WORDS

Indicates qualities or characteristic; as, Certain nouns, adjectives, participles used

I saw a girl with blue eyes. as adjectives and verbs require particular
She is a woman with an angry look in her prepositions. Here we give a list of some words
eyes. that take particular prepositions. It is only wide
He came home with a broken arm. reading and use of the language that will help you
to master these combinations. A good dictionary
Indicates relationship or accompaniment; as,
will give the prepositions to be used after certain
Ratan lives with his parents.
words.
I play with Maneesh and Lokesh.

To Noun followed by
Suggest direction, destination; as, 1. From : absolution, abstinence, digression,
He goes to school daily. escape, freedom, respite.
He threw the ball to me. 2. Of : abhorrence, assurance, consequence,
Jaipur is to the south of Sikar. distrust, example, experience, proof.
(of time) till; as, 3. For : affection, affinity, anxiety, apology,
Our office works from 10 to 5 p.m. appetite, aptitude, candidate, capacity,

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 173

Amit fell from the bed. (separation) The P.M. is on a visit to America.
Anuj is suffering from malaria. (reason) Maneesh came here on foot.
Butter is made from milk. (material used) Suman did it on purpose.
Flour is made from wheat. He lends money on interest.

Indicates a starting point of time, place, order, Of

person or position Indicates possession of quality; as,
He came from Bombay. Reeta is a girl of learning. (quality)
He comes here from time to time. He spoke highly of India and her people.
There are so many colleges from Patna to (concerning)
Gaya.
Indicates material used but not changed; as,
In front of This chain is made of gold.
This chair made of wood.
In the position of directly before
Her dress is made of silk.
A car was standing in front of our house.
He jumped in front of the running train. Indicates connection or relation, origin, reason or
cause, partition or inclusion; as,
Into The gold of this ring is pure. (connection)
Shows motion or direction to the inside of; as, She comes of a royal family. (Origin)
Jitendra fell into the pond. He died of cancer. (cause)
Let us go into the auditorium. I want a piece of paper. (partition)
Asha threw her books into the fire. Aman is one of our friends. (inclusion)

Shows change of condition Since

Ashok translated two poems into English.
Used in perfect tenses from a point in past time
Water changed into ice.
till now, during the period after; as,
Priyanka burst into tears.
I haven’t learnt English since Monday.
He has been living in Jaisalmer since 1995.
On
About, concerning, at the time of; as, Over
He is writing a book on India.
Above or higher than (without touching); as,
He met me on reaching Jaipur.
The sky is over our heads.
Position in time (before days and dates); as, Many planes fly over the Atlantic these days.
He will come on Sunday.
On and covering; as,
I was born on 26th January, 1993.
Spread this cover over the table.
Vibha will come on the evening of May, the
He spreads his handkerchief over his head.
tenth.
More than; as,
On the top of (touching the surface); as,
He is over trifles.
The books were on the table.
The car is on the road. About or while engaged in; as,
Rajesh is on the stool. Don’t quarrel over a vast empire.
We need a strong Manager over us.
Indicates engagement, suggests direction; as,
I am on leave today. Indicating superiority in rank or authority; as,
He came here on business. Ashoka ruled over a vast empire.
Maneesh is on the committee. We need a strong Principal over us.
Dependence, state or condition; as, Through
This book is on sale.
In at one end and out at the other (in a closed or
The building is on fire.
a covered place); as,
Raman lives on writing.
He has got through the test.
In phrases, on loan, on purpose, on the whole, on They walked through the stadium.
a visit, on the contrary, on foot, on interest; as, The stream run through a tunnel.

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Ch 7 : Prepositions

5. up 3. to
“Up” describes movement in an upward direction. “Prefer coffee to tea” is the correct expression to
It emphasizes the subject’s action of running show preference. The preposition “to” links two
towards the top of the hill to catch the sunset, options, highlighting the speaker’s choice of one
signifying ascent. over the other, as per common English usage.
6. on 4. on
“On” is used to emphasize persistence or “On the desk” describes the keys’ placement
insistence in an action. In this case, it describes directly on the surface. “On” is used to
someone insisting on attending a meeting despite indicate contact with a flat surface, making it
being unwell, indicating determination. the appropriate preposition for describing the
7. between location.
“Between” refers to something involving two 5. along
entities. In this sentence, it emphasizes that the “Along the aisle” describes movement from one
agreement was signed by two distinct parties, end of the aisle to another, emphasizing direction
specifying mutual consent or involvement. and alignment with the path, commonly used for
8. on linear spaces like aisles, roads, or corridors.
“On” refers to placement or position on a surface. 6. for
Here, it explains that the book is placed on the “Responsible for” expresses accountability or
shelf to make it easily accessible, indicating its obligation. It is the correct collocation in English,
precise location. used to attribute responsibility for tasks or
outcomes to a specific person or entity.
7. over
“Over the river” describes the bridge’s position
2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
spanning across the river. This preposition
1. He traveled _____ the world to gather
signifies a connection between two sides of the
information for his book.
river, emphasizing the bridge’s role in linking
2. The children hid _____ the bed during the
them.
game.
3. I prefer coffee _____ tea in the morning. 8. on
4. The keys are lying _____ the desk. “Congratulated on” is the proper phrase to express
5. She walked slowly _____ the aisle, looking recognition or praise for an achievement. “On”
for her seat. connects the act of congratulation to the reason
6. He is responsible _____ completing this for the praise, such as an excellent performance.
project on time.
7. The bridge was built _____ the river to 3. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
connect the two villages. 1. The teacher explained the concept _____
8. The team congratulated him _____ his great detail.
excellent performance. 2. He jumped _____ the wall to escape the
Ans stray dog.
3. We arrived _____ the station just in time
1. around
to catch the train.
“Around the world” conveys traveling globally
4. She has always been kind _____ others,
to various places. The preposition “around”
even in tough situations.
emphasizes movement in a circular or
5. The meeting will be held _____ 3 p.m.
comprehensive manner, capturing the idea of
tomorrow.
visiting multiple locations across the globe for
6. The bird flew _____ the window and
information gathering.
perched on the branch.
2. under 7. He apologized _____ his mistake sincerely.
“Under the bed” specifies a location below the 8. She succeeded _____ overcoming all her
bed’s surface. This preposition highlights the fears.
children’s hiding spot during the game, indicating
their position in relation to the object above them.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 175

contempt, defence, desire, liking, motive, 6. To : accede, adapt, adhere, admit, allude,
passion, pity, reputation. ascribe, aspire, assent, attend, belong,
4. With : acquaintance, agreement, alliance, conform, listen, object, occur, refer, resort,
comparison, correspondence, difficulty, revert, stoop, succumb, yield
enmity, intimacy, relations. 7. With : argue, associate, bear, clash, coincide,
5. To : access, allegiance, alternative, approach, compete, comply, cope, credit, dispense, part,
attention, exception, indifference, key, limit, quarrel, sympathise, vie.
objection, opposition, reference, resemblance,
sequel, supplement, tendency, traitor.

Adjectives and Participles followed by E XERCISE (SOLVED)

1. For : anxious, conspicuous, destined, eager,
eligible, enough, famous, fit, liable, prepared, 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
qualified. 1. He was standing _____ the door, waiting
2. Of : accused, acquitted, afraid, apprehensive, for his turn.
ashamed, aware, bereft, capable, certain, 2. She is confident _____ her ability to win
characteristic, confident, convicted, covetous, the competition.
critical, desirous, devoid, easy, frightened, 3. The cat jumped _____ the table to catch
fond, greedy, guilty, ignorant, negligent, the butterfly.
nervous, proud, sanguine, slow, suspicious, 4. They have been living in this house _____
terrified, tired, tolerant, weary, worthy five years.
3. In : absorbed, accomplished, accurate, correct, 5. He ran _____ the hill to catch the last
defective, deficient, experienced, implicated, glimpse of the sunset.
interested, involved, proficient, successful. 6. She insisted _____ attending the meeting
4. With : acquainted, afflicted, compatible, despite being unwell.
consistent, conversant, endowed, infected, 7. The agreement was signed _____ both
infested, replete, wrong. parties yesterday.
5. To : according, acceptable, accustomed, 8. The book was placed _____ the shelf for
addicted, adjacent, akin, alive, amenable, easy access.
analogous, applicable, blind comparable,
conducive, contrary, deaf, detrimental, due, Ans
entitled, equal, essential, exposed, favourable, 1. at
hostile, incidental, inclined, indebted, “At” specifies a particular position or point in
indifferent, indigenous, inimical, impervious, space. In this sentence, it describes the person
irrelevant, liable, obliged, owing, partial, standing near the door while waiting for their
restricted, sacred, sensitive, tantamount, turn, emphasizing proximity and location.
tolerant.
2. in
“In” is used here to show confidence in a particular
Verbs followed by
ability. This preposition connects a person’s belief
1. From : abstain, alight, desist, detract, deviate, with their skill, highlighting trust or assurance in
digrees, emerge, prevent, prohibit, protect, their capability to win.
recover, refrain.
3. onto
2. For : atone, beg, care, feel, hope, long, mourn,
“Onto” indicates movement towards a surface. In
pine, prepare, wait, wish, yearn.
this context, it explains the cat jumping onto the
3. Of : accuse, acquit, approve, beware, boast,
table to catch the butterfly, stressing motion and
complain, consist, despair, disapprove,
direction.
dispose, dream, repent.
4. In : acquiesce, believe, dabble, deal, delight, 4. for
excel, indulge, involve, persevere, persist, “For” is used to express the duration of an action
succeed in. or event. Here, it specifies how long someone
5. On : comment, decide, depend, dwell, embark, has been living in the house, focusing on the
encroach, impose, insist, live, rely, subsist. continuity of time.

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Ch 7 : Prepositions

8. in 6. at
“In time to catch the flight” signifies arriving early “Good at solving puzzles” expresses skill or
enough to perform an action. The preposition competence in an activity. The preposition “at”
“in” contrasts with “on time,” which refers to is used to connect the adjective “good” with the
punctuality, while “in time” suggests a margin of specific ability being mentioned.
safety. 7. into
“Threw the ball into the basket” describes the
5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions motion of the ball entering the basket. The
1. The dog barked _____ the stranger preposition “into” emphasizes movement from
entering the house. outside to inside, highlighting precision.
2. He is looking _____ a solution to this
complex problem. 8. for
3. The car broke down _____ the highway, “Famous for her unique style” indicates the
causing a delay. reason for the artist’s fame. The preposition “for”
4. They danced _____ the music all night connects the subject to the quality or action that
long. defines her reputation.
5. The old man rested _____ the shade of the
tree. 6. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
6. She is good _____ solving puzzles quickly. 1. The treasure was hidden _____ the cave
7. He threw the ball _____ the basket with for centuries.
great precision. 2. He was annoyed _____ his younger brother
8. The artist is famous _____ her unique for interrupting him.
style of painting. 3. They sailed _____ the river, enjoying the
peaceful surroundings.
Ans 4. The train is arriving _____ the platform in
a few minutes.
1. at
5. She remained calm _____ the chaos around
“Barked at” is used to describe the dog’s reaction
her.
to the stranger. The preposition “at” indicates
6. The painting was admired _____ everyone
the target of the dog’s barking, making it the
at the exhibition.
appropriate choice for this sentence.
7. He struggled _____ the heavy bag as he
2. for climbed the stairs.
“Looking for” expresses the act of searching or 8. The students are preparing _____ their
seeking. The preposition “for” connects the verb final exams diligently.
“looking” to the object being searched, in this Ans
case, a solution.
1. in
3. on “Hidden in the cave” describes the treasure’s
“Broke down on the highway” describes the location within the cave. The preposition “in”
car’s location during its mechanical failure. The is used to indicate something being inside or
preposition “on” is used to indicate the surface or enclosed within a specific space.
area where the event occurred.
2. with
4. to “Annoyed with” is a common collocation used to
“Danced to the music” emphasizes movement express irritation toward someone. In this case, it
in response to the rhythm. The preposition “to” connects the person’s feelings to the action of the
indicates the relationship between the action of younger brother.
dancing and the source of the music.
3. along
5. under “Sailed along the river” indicates movement
“Rested under the shade” specifies the location parallel to the river’s course. The preposition
below the tree’s canopy where the old man rested. “along” describes traveling beside or in the
“Under” is used to describe a position beneath direction of a pathway, such as a river.
something providing coverage or shelter.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 177

Ans 4. She prefers working _____ her own rather

1. in than in a team.
“In” is used to indicate thoroughness or depth. 5. The cyclist raced _____ the track with
Here, it specifies that the teacher explained incredible speed.
the concept comprehensively, focusing on every 6. The couple will be moving _____ their new
aspect with great detail, emphasizing a deep house next week.
understanding of the subject. 7. She was grateful _____ her friends for
supporting her.
2. over
8. He reached the airport _____ time to catch
“Over” indicates movement across an obstacle. In
the flight.
this context, it describes the action of jumping to
escape, emphasizing a clear motion from one side Ans
of the wall to the other. 1. among
3. at “Among all the children” implies dividing the cake
“At” denotes a specific point in time or location. between multiple individuals. The preposition
In this sentence, it refers to arriving at the station “among” is used when referring to distribution
just in time, emphasizing precision in reaching involving more than two people or things,
the destination. emphasizing sharing within a group.
4. to 2. with
“To” shows connection or direction towards “Written with a pen” indicates the tool used for
someone. It describes kindness directed towards writing. The preposition “with” is commonly used
others, highlighting her consistent and thoughtful to specify the instrument or means by which an
behavior even during challenging situations. action is performed, such as writing or drawing.
5. at 3. against
“At” indicates a specific time. Here, it denotes “Warned against talking” highlights a caution or
when the meeting is scheduled, emphasizing the prohibition regarding an action. The preposition
exact hour of occurrence without ambiguity. “against” is used to express a warning or
6. through opposition to something, making it appropriate
“Through” indicates movement within and out for this sentence.
of an enclosed area. It describes the bird’s flight 4. on
passing into the window space and exiting to “On her own” conveys the idea of independence
perch on the branch. in working. The preposition “on” is commonly
7. for used with “own” to emphasize self-reliance or
“For” is used to show the reason for an apology. autonomy, contrasting teamwork with individual
In this case, it links the mistake as the cause of effort.
the apology, stressing responsibility and sincerity. 5. along
8. in “Raced along the track” describes movement in a
“In” denotes success or achievement within linear direction. “Along” is the correct preposition
a particular task. Here, it emphasizes her to indicate progress or motion following a path,
accomplishment in overcoming her fears, often used for roads, tracks, or corridors.
showcasing her ability to face and conquer 6. into
challenges. “Moving into their new house” refers to entering
and settling in a new residence. The preposition
“into” emphasizes movement toward the interior
4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
of a space, such as a house or room.
1. He divided the cake _____ all the children
present. 7. to
2. The letter was written _____ a pen on “Grateful to her friends” expresses appreciation
handmade paper. directed toward someone. “To” is the correct
3. The students were warned _____ talking preposition to indicate the recipient of gratitude
during the exam. or acknowledgment, as commonly used in English.

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Ch 7 : Prepositions

7. by 5. to
“Impressed by the creativity” attributes “Agreed to the terms and conditions” signifies
admiration to someone or something. The acceptance or compliance. The preposition “to” is
preposition “by” identifies the source or cause of paired with “agreed” to specify what was accepted.
the impression. 6. beside
8. along “Knelt beside the injured bird” indicates proximity
“Walked along the narrow bridge” describes or being next to something. The preposition
movement in a linear direction. The preposition “beside” is used to denote a location at the side
“along” is used for motion following the length of of someone or something.
something. 7. around
“Gathered around the table” describes the family
12. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions forming a circle or group near the table. The
1. He was standing _____ the middle of the preposition “around” is used to convey encircling
crowd. or surrounding an object.
2. They are worried _____ the increasing 8. on
pollution in the city. “Working on this project” signifies being engaged
3. She kept her phone _____ the drawer in a task. The preposition “on” is commonly used
before going out. to describe the subject or focus of one’s effort.
4. The airplane flew _____ the clouds during
the flight. 13. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
5. He agreed _____ the terms and conditions 1. The boy jumped _____ the swimming pool
of the contract. and started swimming.
6. She knelt _____ the injured bird, trying to 2. The necklace was made _____ gold and
help it. adorned with diamonds.
7. The family gathered _____ the table for 3. She was afraid _____ walking alone in the
dinner. dark.
8. He has been working _____ this project for 4. The hikers rested _____ the shade of the
months. trees after their long trek.
Ans 5. He glanced _____ his watch to check the
time.
1. in
6. They traveled _____ train to save time.
“In the middle” indicates the person’s position
7. The artist is working _____ a new sculpture
being surrounded by the crowd on all sides. The
for the exhibition.
preposition “in” is used to signify inclusion within
8. The cake was baked _____ her mother for
a particular area or space.
the celebration.
2. about Ans
“Worried about the increasing pollution” shows
concern regarding an issue. The preposition 1. into
“about” expresses the subject or cause of worry “Jumped into the swimming pool” describes
or anxiety. movement from outside to inside a body of water.
The preposition “into” signifies entry or motion
3. in directed toward the interior of a space.
“Kept her phone in the drawer” denotes placement
inside an enclosed space. The preposition “in” 2. of
is used to describe something being located or “Made of gold” explains the material composition
stored within a container. of the necklace. The preposition “of” is used to
indicate the substance from which something is
4. above created or formed.
“Flew above the clouds” describes the airplane’s
position higher than the clouds. The preposition 3. of
“above” is used to indicate a location at a greater “Afraid of walking alone” expresses fear or
height or level. apprehension toward an activity or situation. The
preposition “of” is used to specify the object or
cause of fear.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 179

4. at 2. under
“Arriving at the platform” specifies the train’s “Hiding under the table” describes the child’s
destination. The preposition “at” is commonly position beneath the table. The preposition
used to indicate a specific point or location, such “under” is used to specify a lower location or
as a platform. position relative to an object.
5. amidst 3. about
“Calm amidst the chaos” highlights her composure “Upset about the results” indicates her emotional
in the middle of disorder. The preposition reaction to the outcome. The preposition “about”
“amidst” is used to describe being surrounded by is often used to express a cause or reason for a
or in the presence of something. feeling.
6. by 4. through
“Admired by everyone” shows that people “Passes through a beautiful forest” describes the
appreciated the painting. The preposition “by” is road’s path going inside and out of the forest. The
used to indicate the agent performing the action preposition “through” indicates movement within
of admiration. and across an area.
7. with 5. by
“Struggled with the heavy bag” describes his “Impressed by his ability” shows admiration for
difficulty handling the bag. The preposition “with” his skill. The preposition “by” connects the source
is used to express effort or struggle involving an or cause of admiration with the person or object
object or situation. being praised.
8. for 6. in
“Preparing for final exams” indicates the purpose “Located in the heart of the city” specifies the
of their diligent efforts. The preposition “for” position of the monument within the central area.
connects the act of preparing to the objective or The preposition “in” indicates inclusion within a
event being focused on. defined boundary.
7. from
“Borrowed a pen from his friend” refers to the act
of taking something temporarily. The preposition
7. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
“from” connects the action to the person providing
1. The team members gathered _____ the
the item.
conference room for the meeting.
2. The child was hiding _____ the table, 8. without
giggling softly. “Completed the assignment without any
3. She was upset _____ the results despite external help” highlights that she achieved the
her hard work. task independently. The preposition “without”
4. The road passes _____ a beautiful forest emphasizes the absence of assistance or reliance.
before reaching the village.
5. They were impressed _____ his ability to 8. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
solve the puzzle so quickly. 1. The old man walked _____ his cane,
6. The monument is located _____ the heart leaning heavily on it.
of the city. 2. The town is situated _____ the mountains
7. He borrowed a pen _____ his friend during and the sea.
the exam. 3. They stayed _____ the hotel during their
8. She completed the assignment _____ any vacation.
external help. 4. The glass shattered _____ the floor with a
loud crash.
Ans
5. The coach praised the team _____ their
1. in outstanding performance.
“Gathered in the conference room” indicates the 6. She spends hours _____ the phone talking
location where the team members assembled. The to her friends.
preposition “in” is used to show that the meeting 7. He was shocked _____ the news of his
occurred within an enclosed space. friend’s accident.

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Ch 7 : Prepositions

8. The teacher distributed the books _____ dinner.

the students before the class started. 5. He is dependent _____ his parents for
Ans financial support.
6. She rushed _____ the bus stop to catch the
1. with
last bus.
“Walked with his cane” indicates the old man
7. The statue was made _____ marble and
using the cane as a support. The preposition
looked magnificent.
“with” signifies the instrument or tool aiding the
action. 8. They discussed the matter _____ the table
during the meeting.
2. between
“Situated between the mountains and the sea” Ans
describes the town’s location. The preposition 1. with
“between” is used to specify a place lying in the “Reached the peak with great difficulty” conveys
middle of two distinct points. the manner in which the climbers achieved their
3. at goal. The preposition “with” expresses the means
“Stayed at the hotel” indicates the place where or conditions accompanying the action.
they resided temporarily. The preposition “at” is 2. about
appropriate for specific locations, like a hotel. “Excited about the idea” indicates enthusiasm
4. on or interest in a specific topic. The preposition
“Shattered on the floor” describes the impact “about” is used to show the subject of the
point of the glass. The preposition “on” specifies excitement.
the surface where the action occurred. 3. on
5. for “Congratulated the students on their
“Praised the team for their outstanding achievements” is the correct collocation. The
performance” explains the reason for the praise. preposition “on” is used with “congratulate” to
The preposition “for” is used to denote the cause specify the reason for the praise.
or reason behind an action. 4. in
6. on “Went for a walk in the park” refers to the location
“Spends hours on the phone” means she uses the of the activity. The preposition “in” is used to
phone for long periods. The preposition “on” is describe being inside an enclosed or specific area.
commonly used when referring to devices like 5. on
phones. “Dependent on his parents” is a standard phrase
7. by indicating reliance. The preposition “on” is used
“Shocked by the news” indicates the source or to show the object of dependency.
cause of the shock. The preposition “by” is used 6. to
to connect the action with its initiator or source. “Rushed to the bus stop” describes moving
8. among toward a specific destination. The preposition
“Distributed the books among the students” “to” is used to express direction or movement
suggests division and sharing within a group. toward a place.
The preposition “among” is used to refer to 7. of
distribution involving more than two individuals. “Made of marble” indicates the material used for
the statue. The preposition “of” is used to specify
9. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions what something is composed of.
1. The climbers reached the peak _____ great
8. over
difficulty.
“Discussed the matter over the table” conveys
2. The kids were excited _____ the idea of the act of talking about something while sitting
visiting the amusement park. at the table. The preposition “over” signifies the
3. The principal congratulated the students medium or place of the discussion.
_____ their achievements.
4. They went for a walk _____ the park after

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 181

10. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions 8. at

1. The book was lying _____ the table for “Pointed at the map” indicates the act of directing
days. attention toward something. The preposition “at”
2. She was nervous _____ the interview but is used for specific focus or direction.
remained composed.
3. He leaned _____ the wall while waiting for 11. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
the bus. 1. The cat squeezed _____ the small gap in
4. The kids ran _____ the playground, the fence.
shouting joyfully. 2. She is interested _____ learning new
5. The event will take place _____ noon languages.
tomorrow. 3. The parcel was delivered _____ my house
6. She is well-known _____ her dedication yesterday.
and hard work. 4. He relies _____ his friends for advice in
7. The cake was divided _____ the siblings difficult times.
equally. 5. The boys quarreled _____ the last piece of
8. He pointed _____ the map to show the cake.
exact location. 6. The car skidded _____ the icy road and
hit a tree.
Ans 7. The teacher was impressed _____ the
1. on creativity shown in the project.
“Lying on the table” indicates the placement of 8. They walked _____ the narrow bridge to
the book. The preposition “on” is used to describe reach the other side.
something resting on a surface. Ans
2. about 1. through
“Nervous about the interview” conveys concern or “Squeezed through the small gap” indicates the
apprehension regarding an event. The preposition cat passing from one side to another within a
“about” is commonly used to show the reason for confined space. The preposition “through” is used
a feeling. for movement within a space or opening.
3. against 2. in
“Leaned against the wall” describes physical “Interested in learning” shows engagement or
support. The preposition “against” is used to curiosity. The preposition “in” is commonly used
indicate contact or pressure on a surface. with “interested” to denote a subject of focus or
4. around involvement.
“Ran around the playground” describes movement 3. to
in a circular or undefined area. The preposition “Delivered to my house” refers to the destination
“around” indicates movement or activity within where the parcel was sent. The preposition “to”
a general space. specifies the direction or endpoint of an action.
5. at 4. on
“At noon tomorrow” specifies the exact time of “Relies on his friends” shows dependence or trust.
the event. The preposition “at” is used to denote The preposition “on” is often used with “relies”
specific points in time. to indicate a source of support or help.
6. for 5. over
“Well-known for her dedication” explains the “Quarreled over the last piece” describes a
reason for recognition. The preposition “for” dispute concerning something. The preposition
indicates the cause or reason behind her fame. “over” is used to express the subject or cause of
7. among disagreement.
“Divided among the siblings” describes the 6. across
distribution of something between multiple “Skidded across the icy road” describes movement
people. The preposition “among” is used for more from one side to the other. The preposition
than two entities. “across” is used to indicate a path or area being
traversed.

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Ch 7 : Prepositions

Indicates two or more limits when boundaries are The Australians were all out for 150 runs
concerned; as, (extent)
Delhi lies between Haryana, U.P., M.P. and The people were for early election.
Rajasthan. (in favour of)

By In
For agent or doer, according to showing method, Used with seasons, months and years; as,
in Oaths, by oneself (without help); as, He was born in January.
Ramcharit Manas was written by Tulsidas. He came to India in 1985.
One person was killed by criminals.
Indicates membership or existence among a
Near or beside, pass by, during; as, group; as,
He goes by post office on way to college. He is in the railways.
He lives by the post office. My brother is in the Indian air force.
Vijay caught me by the collar.
The robbers attacked by night. Used before the name of towns, cities, countries;
as,
In accordance with; as, He lived in Jaipur in Rajasthan.
He is known by his behaviour. He will stay in India for two months.
We should judge a person by his actions.
Used for physical condition; as,
Manner or travelling; as, Do not go out in the Sun.
Ashish will come by bus. He is in bad health.
They travelled by train.
Divya will go by air. After a period of time (when); as,
They will come in the morning.
Not later than; as, The guests will arrive at ten in the night.
You should return the book by Monday.
Cats sleep by day. Shows a period of time during which something
happens; as,
According to measurement, number or quantity; Answer these questions in 30 minutes.
as, He will be married in June.
He sells apples by the dozen.
Land is sold by the metre Used to show a position of rest; as,
Mudit drank milk sip by sip. They were in the room.
They were in the play ground.
For His money was in his pocket.
Indicates preparation, liking, love in exchange for, Indicates medium of writing or conversation; as,
showing a period of time; as, He writes his answers in Hindi.
Sarthak is ready for the match. (preparedness) This letter is written in red ink.
Molly has a taste for music. (liking) The announcement was in English.
Rahul has been living here for ten years. Purpose of an action; as,
(period) He spoke in my favour.
Sonu bought his pen for ten rupees. (price) She spoke in her defense.
Indicates destination, receiver of something, on
From
behalf of, suitability, cure for a disease; as,
I bought a pen for Manish. (receiver) Indicates difference, exclusion, prohibition; as,
He sacrificed his life for the country. Your ball is different from mine.
He signed the paper for his brother. (on He was expelled from the college.
behalf of) (exclusion)
He left for Delhi yesterday. (destination) He will stop you from talking irrelevant.
Walking is good for health. (suitability) (prohibition)

In search of, in favour of, to the extent of; as, Indicates source, separation, showing reason,
He went abroad for a good job. Showing the material used and changed; as,
(in search of) Grapes come from Himachal. (source)

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 183

4. under “in” is used to indicate placement or enclosure

“Rested under the shade” shows the hikers’ within something.
position being below or covered by the shade of 3. for
trees. The preposition “under” denotes a position “Passion for painting” shows a strong liking or
beneath or covered by something. enthusiasm toward painting. The preposition
5. at “for” expresses the object or purpose of a feeling
“Glanced at his watch” refers to directing one’s or activity.
eyes quickly toward the watch. The preposition 4. to
“at” is used to indicate the target of the glance “Postponed to next week” refers to rescheduling
or look. an event to a later time. The preposition “to” is
6. by used to indicate the time of an action.
“Traveled by train” describes the mode of 5. among
transportation. The preposition “by” is commonly “Hid the letter among the books” implies the
used to indicate travel via a specific means of letter was concealed within a group of books.
transport. The preposition “among” is used to describe
7. on something surrounded by multiple items.
“Working on a new sculpture” indicates being 6. in
engaged in the process of creating something. The “Succeeded in convincing” expresses achieving a
preposition “on” is used to express the subject of goal related to convincing the board members.
one’s effort or activity. The preposition “in” is used to connect an
8. by achievement with the action or task.
“Baked by her mother” specifies who performed 7. to
the action of baking. The preposition “by” is used “Clung to his mother” describes the boy
to indicate the agent or doer of an action. holding onto his mother for support or comfort.
The preposition “to” indicates attachment or
14. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions connection to someone or something.
1. The children ran _____ the field playing
tag. 8. in
2. The flowers were placed _____ the vase on “Begin in an hour” indicates the time duration
the table. until the start of the concert. The preposition
3. She has a passion _____ painting “in” is used to denote a period of time before an
landscapes and portraits. action takes place.
4. The meeting was postponed _____ next
week due to unforeseen circumstances.
5. He hid the letter _____ the books on the
15. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
shelf.
1. The old house was covered _____ ivy and
6. They succeeded _____ convincing the
moss.
board members of their proposal.
2. He is looking forward _____ the holidays
7. The little boy clung _____ his mother in
to relax and unwind.
fear.
3. The accident occurred _____ the crossroads
8. The concert will begin _____ an hour.
during rush hour.
Ans 4. She complimented him _____ his excellent
1. across presentation skills.
“Ran across the field” describes the children’s 5. The dog jumped _____ the fence to chase
movement from one side of the field to the other. the cat.
The preposition “across” indicates motion over or 6. He borrowed some money _____ his friend
from one side to another. to buy a gift.
7. The kids were playing _____ the garden
2. in when it started raining.
“Placed in the vase” explains the position of the 8. They arrived _____ the airport just in
flowers being inside the vase. The preposition time for their flight.

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Ch 7 : Prepositions

(ii) (c) inside (iv) (c) through

“Hidden inside a cave” describes the treasure’s “Looked through his bag” means searching
location within an enclosed space. “Inside” is thoroughly. “Through” is used to indicate
the correct preposition to denote placement or examining the contents of a container or enclosed
concealment within a confined or hollow area. area, as in this case, his bag.
(iii) (c) about
“Disappointed about not getting the award” 30. Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks.
expresses emotional dissatisfaction. “About” is (i) The clock hangs _____ the wall in the
used with disappointment to indicate the cause living room.
or reason for this feeling, as in “about losing the (a) on (b) over
game.” (c) at (d) above
(ii) The students were told to distribute the
(iv) (a) under handouts _____ their classmates.
“Slept under the shade” describes the dog (a) among (b) between
resting beneath the tree’s cover. “Under” is the (c) in (d) with
appropriate preposition to indicate something (iii) The fisherman cast his net _____ the river
being below or shaded by another object. to catch fish.
(a) over (b) in
29. Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks. (c) into (d) onto
(i) The book fell _____ the table and hit the (iv) The family is going _____ vacation to the
floor. beach next week.
(a) off (b) under (a) on (b) to
(c) in (d) onto (c) at (d) into
(ii) They moved _____ the city to find better
job opportunities. Ans
(a) into (b) at (i) (a) on
(c) from (d) with “The clock hangs on the wall” is correct because
(iii) The athlete was praised _____ his “on” describes something attached to or placed
remarkable performance in the race. against a surface, like a wall in this case.
(a) with (b) for
(ii) (a) among
(c) about (d) by
“Among their classmates” is appropriate as
(iv) He looked _____ his bag to find his lost
“among” indicates distribution within a group of
keys.
three or more, referring to their fellow classmates
(a) into (b) over
in this context.
(c) through (d) in
(iii) (c) into
Ans “Cast his net into the river” is correct because
(i) (a) off “into” implies movement towards the inside of
“The book fell off the table” indicates that something, here representing the net being thrown
it moved downwards from a surface. “Off” is into the river.
the correct preposition to describe something (iv) (a) on
detaching or falling from a higher point. “Going on vacation” is a common phrase where
(ii) (a) into “on” indicates the state of being involved in an
“They moved into the city” expresses transitioning activity, in this case, going for a holiday to the
to a new place, with “into” denoting movement beach.
from outside to inside. It conveys their action of
relocating to the city. www.nodia.i
(iii) (b) for
“Praised for his performance” is correct as “for”
specifies the reason for the praise. It highlights
the remarkable achievement in the athlete’s race
as the basis for admiration.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 185

17. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions 8. about

1. He fell _____ the stairs and injured his leg. “Strict about maintaining discipline” indicates
2. The child was curious _____ the new toy being firm or uncompromising regarding a specific
in the store. matter. The preposition “about” connects the
3. She has been invited _____ the annual strictness to the related topic.
meeting as the chief guest.
4. The audience clapped _____ the 18. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
performer’s incredible skills. 1. The tourists were amazed _____ the
5. They are searching _____ the missing beauty of the waterfall.
document in the office. 2. She looked _____ the old photographs
6. The parcel will be delivered _____ a week. with nostalgia.
7. He congratulated her _____ her success in 3. The car was parked _____ the side of the
the competition. road.
8. The teacher was strict _____ maintaining 4. They were sitting _____ the campfire,
discipline in the class. singing songs.
Ans 5. He applied _____ a new job at the
1. down company.
“Fell down the stairs” indicates movement from 6. The book was written _____ a famous
a higher position to a lower one. The preposition author.
“down” appropriately describes this downward 7. She was delighted _____ the surprise party
motion. organized by her friends.
2. about 8. The key was hidden _____ the flowerpot
“Curious about the new toy” is the correct on the porch.
expression to convey interest or eagerness to know Ans
more about something. “About” is used for topics
1. at
or subjects of curiosity.
“Amazed at the beauty” expresses admiration
3. to or wonder directed toward something. The
“Invited to the annual meeting” is correct to preposition “at” indicates the focus of amazement,
show an invitation extended for attendance. “To” making it suitable for describing the tourists’
specifies the event or destination one is being reaction to the waterfall.
invited to.
2. through
4. for “Looked through the old photographs” conveys
“Clapped for the performer” conveys appreciation the act of examining or glancing at multiple
or acknowledgment of the performer’s skills. The items. The preposition “through” suggests moving
preposition “for” connects the action (clapping) one’s gaze sequentially over a collection, such as
to its reason. photographs.
5. for 3. by
“Searching for the missing document” is the “Parked by the side of the road” specifies a
correct phrase to indicate the act of looking for position next to something. “By” appropriately
something. “For” indicates the object or goal of describes the car’s location relative to the road.
the search.
4. around
6. within “Sitting around the campfire” suggests a group
“Delivered within a week” specifies a time frame seated in a circular arrangement with the fire
in which something will happen. The preposition in the center. “Around” emphasizes the spatial
“within” refers to a period not exceeding a specific orientation of the people.
limit.
5. for
7. on “Applied for a new job” is a common phrase
“Congratulated her on her success” is the indicating a formal request or submission to be
correct expression to show acknowledgment of considered for something. The preposition “for”
an achievement. “On” connects the action of connects the action to the goal.
congratulating to the occasion.

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Ch 7 : Prepositions

Ans 5. The path leads _____ the forest to a small

1. with village.
“Covered with ivy and moss” describes something 6. She depends _____ her parents for
being overlaid or coated. The preposition “with” emotional support.
is used to indicate that the house is enveloped or 7. The painting was hung _____ the wall
surrounded by ivy and moss. carefully.
8. The athlete was disqualified _____
2. to
violating the rules.
“Looking forward to the holidays” expresses
anticipation or eagerness. The preposition “to” Ans
is used after the phrase “looking forward” to 1. on
indicate the thing being eagerly awaited. “Sat on the bench” describes someone sitting
3. at atop a flat surface. The preposition “on” is used
“Occurred at the crossroads” specifies the to indicate contact with the surface of the bench.
location of the accident. The preposition “at” is 2. through
used to pinpoint a specific point or place, such as “Passed through the tunnel” describes movement
the crossroads. from one end to the other within the tunnel. The
4. on preposition “through” is appropriate for enclosed
“Complimented him on his presentation skills” spaces.
connects the compliment with its subject. The 3. with
preposition “on” is used to express the subject of “Angry with his brother” is the correct usage
praise or acknowledgment. to indicate frustration or annoyance directed at
5. over someone. “With” is commonly used to describe
“Jumped over the fence” describes movement from interpersonal anger.
one side of the fence to the other. The preposition 4. against
“over” is used to indicate motion across a barrier “Warned against cheating” conveys caution or
or obstacle. advice not to do something. The preposition
6. from “against” is used to indicate opposition to an
“Borrowed some money from his friend” identifies action or behavior.
the source. The preposition “from” is used to 5. through
specify the origin of an item or action, such as “Leads through the forest” implies traveling
borrowing money. within the forest from one point to another. The
7. in preposition “through” describes movement inside
“Playing in the garden” indicates the location an area.
where the kids were playing. The preposition “in” 6. on
is used to describe being within a specific area or “Depends on her parents” indicates reliance or
space. trust in someone. The preposition “on” is used to
8. at show dependence or reliance.
“Arrived at the airport” specifies the location 7. on
where they reached. The preposition “at” is used “Hung on the wall” describes something being
for precise points, such as the airport. attached to the vertical surface of the wall.
“On” is the appropriate preposition to indicate
16. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions placement.
1. She sat _____ the bench, watching the 8. for
sunset. “Disqualified for violating the rules” explains
2. The train passed _____ the tunnel swiftly. the reason for disqualification. “For” is used to
3. He was angry _____ his brother for specify the cause or justification for an action.
breaking the toy.
4. The students were warned _____ cheating
during the exam.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 187

5. in (iv) (b) at
“Wrapped in colorful paper” describes being “Arrived at the airport” specifies reaching a
enclosed or covered by something. “In” denotes particular location. “At” is used for specific points
the material used for wrapping. or locations, such as an airport.
6. for
“Late for work” specifies the destination for 22. Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks.
which one is delayed. “For” is used to indicate the (i) He has been waiting _____ the bus for over
purpose or goal. an hour.
7. at (a) for (b) to
“Smiled at the stranger” refers to directing a (c) with (d) on
smile towards someone. “At” is used for actions (ii) The dog ran _____ the road to chase the
aimed at a person or thing. ball.
(a) over (b) across
8. to (c) under (d) through
“Tied to the dock” correctly describes attachment (iii) She stayed _____ her grandparents during
to a fixed point. “To” denotes the object of the holidays.
connection or fastening. (a) with (b) on
(c) in (d) at
(iv) The books were scattered _____ the floor
after the storm.
21. Exercise: Choose the correct option to fill in the
(a) on (b) over
blanks.
(c) along (d) under
(i) The cat jumped _____ the table to catch
the bird. Ans
(a) on (b) over (i) (a) for
(c) onto (d) into “Waiting for the bus” means anticipating its
(ii) She completed the project _____ two days. arrival. “For” is the correct preposition to indicate
(a) within (b) during the reason or object of waiting.
(c) in (d) on
(iii) They decided to walk _____ the river to (ii) (b) across
enjoy the view. “Ran across the road” indicates movement from
(a) along (b) across one side to the other. “Across” is used to describe
(c) over (d) beside crossing over a surface or space.
(iv) He arrived _____ the airport just in time (iii) (a) with
to catch his flight. “Stayed with her grandparents” implies staying
(a) in (b) at in their company. “With” is the appropriate
(c) to (d) on preposition to indicate being in someone’s
presence.
Ans
(iv) (b) over
(i) (c) onto
“Scattered over the floor” suggests a spread-out
“Jumped onto the table” describes movement
arrangement across the surface. “Over” is correct
to a position on the surface of the table. “Onto”
to show widespread distribution.
implies motion from one place to another and is
correct in this context.
23. Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks.
(ii) (a) within
“Completed the project within two days” means (i) The plane flew _____ the clouds before
finishing it before the two-day period ends. landing.
“Within” is used to indicate a time frame. (a) through (b) above
(c) under (d) over
(iii) (a) along (ii) He apologized _____ his behavior at the
“Walk along the river” means walking parallel to party.
or beside the river. “Along” is suitable for paths (a) for (b) with
or directions running next to something. (c) to (d) at

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Ch 7 : Prepositions

6. by 5. for
“Written by a famous author” attributes the “Punished for his misbehavior” explains the
creation of the book to a person. The preposition reason for the punishment. “For” is used to
“by” indicates authorship or agency in this indicate the cause or justification for an action.
context. 6. to
7. with “Agreed to the terms and conditions” is correct
“Delighted with the surprise party” conveys because “to” expresses acceptance or consent
happiness or satisfaction caused by something. towards something.
“With” correctly links the feeling of delight to 7. on
its source. “Curled up on the sofa” describes the physical
8. under position of the cat. “On” is appropriate for an
“Hidden under the flowerpot” specifies a position object resting atop a surface.
beneath an object. The preposition “under” 8. of
is used to describe something placed below or “Aware of the risks” indicates knowledge or
covered by another item. consciousness about something. “Of” links the
state of awareness to its object.
19. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
1. He borrowed a jacket _____ his friend for 20. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prepositions
the trip. 1. The children ran _____ the park, laughing
2. She invested her savings _____ a new and playing.
business venture. 2. She was cautious _____ spending money
3. They walked _____ the beach, enjoying unnecessarily.
the cool breeze. 3. He succeeded _____ convincing the jury of
4. The train arrived _____ the station earlier his innocence.
than expected. 4. They were waiting _____ the bus when it
5. He was punished _____ his misbehavior in started to rain.
class. 5. The gift was wrapped _____ colorful paper
6. She agreed _____ the terms and conditions and ribbons.
of the contract. 6. He was late _____ work because of the
7. The cat curled up _____ the sofa to sleep. traffic jam.
8. He was aware _____ the risks involved in 7. She smiled _____ the stranger as a gesture
the expedition. of politeness.
Ans 8. The boat was tied _____ the dock to
1. from prevent it from drifting.
“Borrowed a jacket from his friend” is correct Ans
because “from” indicates the source of the 1. across
borrowed item. It clarifies the action of receiving “Ran across the park” indicates movement from
something from someone else. one side of the park to the other. “Across” is used
2. in for traversing a surface or area.
“Invested her savings in a new business venture” 2. about
expresses placing resources into something. “In” “Cautious about spending money unnecessarily”
connects the act of investing to the specific suggests being careful or wary regarding a specific
venture. matter. “About” links the caution to the subject.
3. along 3. in
“Walked along the beach” describes movement in “Succeeded in convincing the jury” uses “in”
a direction parallel to the beach. “Along” is used to show success related to a particular effort or
for following a linear path. achievement.
4. at 4. for
“Arrived at the station” specifies a point of “Waiting for the bus” correctly describes the act
arrival. “At” is suitable to indicate the exact of expecting something or someone. “For” links
location where the train stopped. the action to its object.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 189

26. Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks. (iv) She placed the flowers _____ the center of
(i) The child was hiding _____ the curtain, the dining table.
giggling quietly. (a) in (b) on
(a) under (b) behind (c) at (d) over
(c) in (d) on
Ans
(ii) The event will take place _____ noon
tomorrow. (i) (b) at
(a) at (b) in “At 3 PM” specifies an exact time for the meeting.
(c) on (d) by “At” is used to indicate specific points in time,
(iii) He looked _____ the window to admire the such as “at noon” or “at midnight,” making it the
view of the mountains. most appropriate choice here.
(a) through (b) at (ii) (c) over
(c) on (d) into “Jumping over the puddles” describes avoiding
(iv) The company is famous _____ its stepping into them. “Over” is the correct
innovative products. preposition to denote movement above something
(a) for (b) of without contact, emphasizing the action of leaping
(c) with (d) about across.
Ans (iii) (a) for
(i) (b) behind “Responsible for handling customer complaints”
“Hiding behind the curtain” indicates a position indicates accountability for a specific task. “For”
concealed from view. “Behind” is the correct is used to show a person’s duty or obligation
preposition to describe something located at the toward something, making it the proper choice.
back of another object. (iv) (b) on
(ii) (a) at “Placed the flowers on the table” describes their
“At noon” refers to a specific point in time. “At” position resting on a surface. “On” is used when
is used with exact times like “noon” or “midnight” something is located atop a flat area, such as a
to denote a specific moment. table or shelf.

(iii) (a) through

28. Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks.
“Looked through the window” means observing
(i) He walked _____ the corridor, looking for
something on the other side of a transparent
his classroom.
surface. “Through” indicates seeing or passing
(a) across (b) along
across a medium.
(c) in (d) on
(iv) (a) for (ii) The treasure was hidden _____ a cave
“Famous for its innovative products” explains deep in the mountains.
the reason for fame. “For” is used to indicate the (a) at (b) under
cause or reason behind recognition or fame. (c) inside (d) over
(iii) She was disappointed _____ not getting
27. Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks. the award.
(i) The meeting is scheduled _____ 3 PM (a) on (b) for
sharp. (c) about (d) with
(a) on (b) at (iv) The dog slept _____ the shade of the tree
(c) in (d) by during the afternoon.
(ii) The kids were jumping _____ the puddles (a) under (b) over
after the rain. (c) at (d) in
(a) into (b) on Ans
(c) over (d) under
(i) (b) along
(iii) The manager is responsible _____ handling
“Walked along the corridor” indicates movement
customer complaints.
in a direction parallel to the length of the corridor.
(a) for (b) about
“Along” is used to describe traveling in alignment
(c) to (d) with
with something long, like a road, river, or passage.

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Ch 7 : Prepositions

(iii) The keys are hidden _____ the vase on the (ii) (c) at
table. “Stopped at the station” specifies the train’s
(a) under (b) in position at a fixed location, the station. “At” is
(c) behind (d) beside used to pinpoint exact locations.
(iv) The students were sitting _____ the (iii) (b) over
teacher in the classroom. “Hangs over the dining table” refers to the lamp’s
(a) around (b) beside position above and slightly covering the table.
(c) before (d) across “Over” correctly conveys this spatial relationship.
Ans (iv) (a) from
(i) (a) through “Borrowed money from his brother” uses “from”
“Flew through the clouds” indicates movement to indicate the source of the borrowed money.
passing within or inside the clouds. “Through” is “From” is the proper preposition in this context.
appropriate to express motion within a space or
medium. 25. Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks.
(ii) (a) for (i) They walked _____ the riverbank, enjoying
“Apologized for his behavior” means expressing the cool breeze.
regret about something. “For” is the correct (a) along (b) over
preposition to indicate the reason for an apology. (c) across (d) beside
(ii) The flowers are _____ the vase on the
(iii) (c) behind shelf.
“Hidden behind the vase” specifies the position (a) under (b) in
of the keys concealed at the rear of the vase. (c) on (d) over
“Behind” is the correct preposition for such (iii) The ball rolled _____ the bed and
placement. disappeared.
(iv) (c) before (a) over (b) under
“Sitting before the teacher” describes the (c) through (d) onto
students’ position directly in front of the teacher. (iv) The teacher distributed the exam sheets
“Before” is the suitable preposition to indicate _____ the students.
this relationship. (a) with (b) between
(c) among (d) in
24. Choose the correct option to fill in the blanks. Ans
(i) She always keeps her phone _____ her bag.
(a) in (b) with (i) (a) along
(c) on (d) by “Walked along the riverbank” indicates movement
(ii) The train stopped _____ the station for following the length of the riverbank. “Along” is
five minutes. the correct preposition to show motion parallel to
(a) on (b) in a specific feature.
(c) at (d) near (ii) (b) in
(iii) The lamp hangs _____ the dining table, “Flowers in the vase” describes their placement
lighting up the room. inside the vase. “In” is the correct preposition to
(a) above (b) over indicate something enclosed within an object.
(c) onto (d) on (iii) (b) under
(iv) He borrowed money _____ his brother to “Rolled under the bed” conveys the ball’s
buy a new bike. movement to a position beneath the bed. “Under”
(a) from (b) with is used to describe something below another
(c) by (d) to object.
Ans
(iv) (c) among
(i) (a) in “Distributed among the students” refers to
“Keeps her phone in her bag” describes the phone distributing items to a group. “Among” is used
being placed inside the bag. “In” is the correct when referring to more than two people or things.
preposition to indicate an item enclosed within
something.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 191

CHAPTER
8
Conjunctions

INTRODUCTIO Common Subordinating Conjunctions:

though, although, since, after, as, because, before,
lest, as if, as soon as, as long as, as though, than,
Conjunctions are words that join words, phrases,
till, until, if, while, when, whether, unless
or clauses to form complete and meaningful
Subordinating conjunctions express:
sentences. They act as connectors, helping
(a) Time
to combine ideas smoothly and make writing
The patient had died before the doctor came.
clear. Without conjunctions, sentences would be
I will complete my work before it is five.
short and disconnected, making communication
You have grown weak since I last saw you.
difficult. For example, in the sentence “I wanted
(b) Cause or Reason
to go, but it started raining,” the word but
I will give it to you since you demand it.
connects two ideas. Conjunctions improve the
He failed because he did not work hard.
flow of language, making it easier to express
As he was not there, I spoke to his father.
complex thoughts. They are essential for creating
(c) Effect
well-structured and coherent sentences, which are
He is so poor that he cannot pay his fee.
important in both spoken and written English.
He is so weak that he cannot walk.
(d) Place
I want to live where you live.
t ypes of Conjunctions Stay where you are.
(e) Purpose
I ran away lest I should be killed.
Conjunctions are classified into four main
I eat so that I may live.
categories:
(f) Condition
1. Coordinating Conjunctions : Coordinating
I shall pass if you teach me.
conjunctions join two words, phrases, or clauses
You will fail unless you study.
of equal grammatical rank. They often link ideas
(g) Comparison
of similar importance or structure.
I am happier than you.
Common Examples:
She is taller than her sister.
and, but, or, nor, yet, so, still, for, either, neither,
(h) Extent or Manner
therefore, thus, otherwise
He is a good person as far as I know.
Examples in Sentences:
He talks as if he were a minister.
• She must weep or she must die.
(i) Concession or Contrast
• He is very rich, yet he is not contented.
Though she was poor, she was happy.
• Wise men love truth while fools shun it.
Although they performed their best, they
• He worked hard, therefore he passed.
failed.
• Take this and give that.
3. Correlative Conjunctions : Correlative
2. Subordinating Conjunctions : Subordinating
conjunctions are used in pairs to connect ideas
conjunctions join a subordinate clause
within a sentence.
(dependent) to a principal clause (independent).
Examples of Correlative Conjunctions:
These conjunctions indicate relationships such as
(a) Either...or
time, cause, purpose, condition, comparison and
Either Rana or his sister will attend the
contrast.
wedding.

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Ch 8 : Conjunctions

(b) Neither...nor 2. As soon as/Hardly/Scarcely/No sooner

My friend can neither sing nor dance. These conjunctions are used to describe actions
(c) Both...and that occur in quick succession.
We offered them both food and drinks. Rules:
(d) Not only...but also (i) As soon as is used for present and future
He not only studies but also teaches in a actions.
school. (ii) Hardly/scarcely...when and No sooner...than
(e) Though...yet are used for past actions and require inversion.
Though he is poor, yet he is honest. Examples:
(f) So...that • As soon as the lion roared, the children got
He is so weak that he cannot run. panicky.
(g) Hardly/Scarcely...when • No sooner did the lion roar than the children
Amit was hardly seven years old when his got panicky.
father died. • Hardly had the lion roared when the children
(h) No sooner...than got panicky.
No sooner did she reach the school than the 3. Too...to/So...that
bell rang. (i) Too...to implies an extreme condition
(i) Whether...or preventing an action.
I do not know whether she will meet me (ii) So...that replaces “too...to” and includes
today or not. negation.
4. Compound Conjunctions : Compound Examples:
conjunctions consist of two or more words that • He is too weak to walk further.
function as a single conjunction. • He is so weak that he cannot walk further.
Examples of Compound Conjunctions: • The chapter is too boring for her to read.
(a) In order that • The chapter is so boring that she cannot read
The notice was published in order that all it.
might know the facts.
(b) Even if
Such an act would not be kind even if it were Ru les for Using Conjunctions
just.
(c) As though Conjunctions are crucial for connecting ideas
He walks as though he were slightly lame. and making sentences meaningful. To use them
(d) As well as correctly, follow these rules:
The principal as well as the teachers attended 1. Match the Conjunction to the Sentence Context
the Independence Day function. Use and to add similar ideas, but to show contrast,
(e) As soon as and or to offer choices.
He took out his umbrella as soon as it started Example : She likes apples and oranges.
raining. 2. Avoid Using Double Conjunctions
Do not use two conjunctions in the same sentence
unnecessarily.
Incorrect : Although he was tired, but he worked
Tran sformation of Sentences
hard.
Using Conjunctions Correct : Although he was tired, he worked hard.
3. Use Correct Pairing for Correlative Conjunctions
1. If/Unless Always pair correlative conjunctions like either...
If introduces a conditional clause. Unless replaces or, neither...nor correctly.
“if not” and often requires affirmative sentences. Example : You can either stay here or leave.
Examples: 4. Maintain Sentence Balance
• If you keep patience, you will win. " Unless Ensure the elements joined by the conjunction are
you keep patience, you will not win. grammatically equal.
• If Mayank is not confident, he will not Example : He enjoys swimming and cycling.
succeed. " Unless Mayank is confident, he 5. Place Subordinating Conjunctions Properly
will not succeed. Subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because,

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 193

although) usually come before the dependent 7. Double Conjunction Usage

clause. Incorrect : Although he was tired, but he continued
Example : I stayed home because it was raining. working.
6. Avoid Unnecessary Conjunctions Correct : Although he was tired, he continued
Don’t use a conjunction if it makes the sentence working.
redundant. (Do not use two conjunctions together
Incorrect : She went to the market, and also she unnecessarily.)
bought vegetables.
Correct : She went to the market and bought
vegetables.
7. Follow Punctuation Rules fferences Between
Di
Use commas before conjunctions like but or yet Conjunctions and Prepositions
when joining two independent clauses.
Example : I wanted to go, but it was too late. Conjunctions and prepositions are essential
components of English grammar, but they serve
different purposes. Below is a table to highlight
Common Mistakes their differences:

Aspect Conjunctions Prepositions

Conjunctions are essential for connecting ideas
smoothly, but their incorrect usage can lead to Definition Words that Words that show
errors in sentence construction. Below are some join words, the relationship
common mistakes to watch out for when using phrases, or between a noun/
conjunctions: clauses. pronoun and
1. Using the Wrong Conjunction other parts of the
Incorrect : He is rich but he is happy. sentence.
Correct : He is rich and he is happy. Function Connects ideas Indicates
(Use but to show contrast, not similarity.) or elements in location,
2. Overusing Conjunctions a sentence. direction, time,
Incorrect : I went to the market and I bought cause, manner,
apples and oranges and bananas. etc.
Correct : I went to the market and bought apples,
Placement Usually placed Placed before a
oranges, and bananas.
between the noun or pronoun.
(Avoid excessive repetition.)
connected
3. Incorrect Pairing of Correlative Conjunctions
parts.
Incorrect : Neither she likes tea or coffee.
Correct : Neither she likes tea nor coffee. Examples and, but, in, on, at, by,
(Use correct correlative pairs, like neither...nor.) because, under.
4. Misplacing Conjunctions although.
Incorrect : I went to the park and enjoyed the Usage Forms Provides
scenery. compound additional details
Correct : I went to the park and enjoyed the or complex about the subject
scenery. sentences. or object.
(Ensure conjunction placement maintains
sentence flow.) Question “What joins?” “Where?”,
5. Omitting Necessary Conjunctions Type or “What “When?”,
Incorrect : She is smart talented. links? “How?”, “Why?”
Correct : She is smart and talented.
(Do not skip conjunctions needed to join elements.)
6. Using a Conjunction with Incomplete Clauses
Incorrect : I will come if.
Correct : I will come if you call me.
(Avoid leaving a clause incomplete after the
conjunction.)

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Ch 8 : Conjunctions

(iii) (d) They worked day and night because they (c) She practised diligently so that she could win
wanted to complete the project on time. the competition.
“Because” indicates the purpose for their effort, (d) She practised diligently if she wanted to win
linking their hard work directly to their goal. the competition.
Other options, such as “unless” or “if,” imply
Ans
conditions that are illogical here.
(i) (a) Although he is very wealthy, he does not share
(iv) (b) Although he tried his best, he could not win
his wealth with others.
the race.
“Although” introduces contrast, highlighting the
“Although” introduces contrast, emphasizing
surprising fact that despite being wealthy, he is
that despite his effort, he did not succeed. This
unwilling to share. Other options fail to emphasize
conjunction effectively highlights the unexpected
this contradiction effectively.
outcome, making it the most suitable choice.
(ii) (a) As the student was caught cheating in the
4. Join the following sentences to make one complete exam, the teacher punished him.
sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose “As” connects the student’s action (cheating)
the correct option. to the consequence (punishment), establishing
(i) He is very wealthy. He does not share his wealth a clear cause-effect relationship. Other options
with others. either imply incorrect reasoning or do not convey
(a) Although he is very wealthy, he does not the intended meaning.
share his wealth with others. (iii) (b) The children stopped playing because it began
(b) He does not share his wealth with others to rain heavily.
because he is very wealthy. “Because” provides the reason for the children
(c) Unless he is wealthy, he does not share his stopping their play, linking it directly to the
wealth with others. heavy rain. This choice is logical and effectively
(d) He does not share his wealth with others conveys the cause-effect relationship.
although he is very wealthy.
(iv) (c) She practised diligently so that she could win
(ii) The teacher punished the student. The student the competition.
was caught cheating in the exam. “So that” expresses the purpose of her diligent
(a) As the student was caught cheating in the practice, showing her intent to win the competition.
exam, the teacher punished him. This conjunction clearly conveys her motivation,
(b) The teacher punished the student although making it the most appropriate choice.
he was caught cheating in the exam.
(c) If the student was caught cheating in the
exam, the teacher punished him.
(d) Unless the student was caught cheating in the 5. Join the following sentences to make one complete
exam, the teacher punished him. sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose
(iii) The children stopped playing. It began to rain the correct option.
heavily. (i) He did not prepare for the test. He failed miserably.
(a) The children stopped playing although it (a) He failed miserably although he did not
began to rain heavily. prepare for the test.
(b) The children stopped playing because it (b) He failed miserably because he did not
began to rain heavily. prepare for the test.
(c) The children stopped playing as it had begun (c) Unless he prepared for the test, he failed
to rain heavily. miserably.
(d) Unless it began to rain heavily, the children (d) He failed miserably as he did not prepare for
stopped playing. the test.
(iv) She practised diligently. She wanted to win the (ii) The old man was weak. He could barely walk.
competition. (a) The old man was weak because he could
(a) She practised diligently as she wanted to win barely walk.
the competition. (b) The old man was so weak that he could barely
(b) She practised diligently unless she wanted to walk.
win the competition.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 195

(iii) The singer gave an outstanding performance. The (i) She missed her flight. She arrived at the airport
audience applauded enthusiastically. late.
(a) The audience applauded enthusiastically (a) She missed her flight because she arrived at
because the singer gave an outstanding the airport late.
performance. (b) Unless she arrived at the airport late, she
(b) The singer gave an outstanding performance missed her flight.
although the audience applauded (c) She missed her flight as she was arriving at
enthusiastically. the airport late.
(c) The audience applauded enthusiastically unless (d) She arrived at the airport late so she missed
the singer gave an outstanding performance. her flight.
(d) The singer gave an outstanding performance (ii) He forgot to lock the door. The thief entered the
that the audience applauded enthusiastically. house.
(iv) The boys climbed up the tree. They wanted to (a) The thief entered the house as he forgot to
pluck some mangoes. lock the door.
(a) The boys climbed up the tree unless they (b) He forgot to lock the door unless the thief
wanted to pluck some mangoes. entered the house.
(b) The boys climbed up the tree because they (c) The thief entered the house although he
wanted to pluck some mangoes. forgot to lock the door.
(c) The boys climbed up the tree if they wanted (d) If he forgot to lock the door, the thief entered
to pluck some mangoes. the house.
(d) The boys climbed up the tree so that they (iii) They worked day and night. They wanted to
wanted to pluck some mangoes. complete the project on time.
Ans (a) They worked day and night as they wanted to
(i) (b) Though the teacher explained the concept, complete the project on time.
the students didn’t understand it. (b) Unless they wanted to complete the project
“Though” introduces contrast, showing that on time, they worked day and night.
despite the teacher’s effort, the students did not (c) They worked day and night if they wanted to
grasp the concept. This conjunction effectively complete the project on time.
emphasizes the unexpected nature of the situation. (d) They worked day and night because they
wanted to complete the project on time.
(ii) (a) As the road was slippery, the car skidded off
the track. (iv) He tried his best. He could not win the race.
“As” explains the cause-effect relationship, (a) He tried his best but he could not win the
linking the slippery road to the car skidding. This race.
conjunction is suitable for describing a reason in (b) Although he tried his best, he could not win
a straightforward manner. the race.
(c) If he tried his best, he could not win the race.
(iii) (a) The audience applauded enthusiastically
(d) He could not win the race as he tried his best.
because the singer gave an outstanding
performance. Ans
“Because” provides a clear reason for the (i) (a) She missed her flight because she arrived at
enthusiastic applause, linking it to the singer’s the airport late.
outstanding performance. It effectively conveys “Because” clearly expresses the reason for missing
the cause-effect relationship. the flight, linking her late arrival directly to the
(iv) (b) The boys climbed up the tree because they consequence. Other options either fail to establish
wanted to pluck some mangoes. this cause-effect relationship or are grammatically
“Because” shows the reason for climbing the tree, incorrect.
highlighting the boys’ intent to pluck mangoes. It (ii) (a) The thief entered the house as he forgot to
connects the action and purpose in a logical way. lock the door.
3. Join the following sentences to make one complete “As” establishes the cause-effect relationship,
sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose connecting the thief’s entry to the unlocked door.
the correct option. This conjunction is concise and appropriate for
describing the reason behind the event.

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Ch 8 : Conjunctions

(ii) (d) The thief hid in the bushes as the police were (c) You will not be allowed to appear for the
chasing him. exam unless you submit the form.
“As” expresses the reason for the thief’s action, (d) Unless you submit the form, you must appear
connecting the hiding to the immediate situation for the exam.
of being chased by the police. This option captures (iv) The alarm rang. He woke up immediately.
the cause-effect relationship clearly and naturally (a) The alarm rang unless he woke up immediately.
in this context. (b) As the alarm rang, he woke up immediately.
(iii) (b) She borrowed a book from the library as she (c) He woke up immediately because the alarm
wanted to prepare for the exam. rang.
“As” provides a clear reason for her action (d) No sooner did the alarm ring than he woke up
(borrowing the book), linking it to her intent immediately.
to study. The sentence effectively explains her Ans
motivation for visiting the library and makes
(i) (a) She was upset because she could not attend
logical sense.
her best friend’s wedding.
(iv) (c) The road was blocked as the heavy rain caused “Because” explains the reason for her being upset,
a landslide. directly linking it to her inability to attend the
“As” links the cause (landslide) to the effect wedding. This choice expresses the cause-effect
(roadblock), explaining the situation with clarity. relationship clearly and is the most appropriate.
The conjunction introduces the reason for the road
(ii) (a) Although the teacher explained the topic
being blocked in a straightforward, contextually
thoroughly, the students still had doubts.
appropriate manner.
“Although” introduces a contrast between the
teacher’s thorough explanation and the students’
7. Join the following sentences to make one complete lingering doubts. This conjunction highlights the
sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose unexpected nature of the situation, making it
the correct option. contextually accurate.
(i) She was upset. She could not attend her best (iii) (c) You will not be allowed to appear for the exam
friend’s wedding. unless you submit the form.
(a) She was upset because she could not attend “Unless” sets a condition, stating that submitting
her best friend’s wedding. the form is necessary to appear for the exam.
(b) Unless she could attend her best friend’s This conjunction effectively emphasizes the
wedding, she was upset. dependency between the two actions.
(c) She could not attend her best friend’s wedding
although she was upset. (iv) (d) No sooner did the alarm ring than he woke up
(d) She could not attend her best friend’s wedding immediately.
since she was upset. “No sooner...than” emphasizes the immediacy
of his action upon hearing the alarm. This
(ii) The teacher explained the topic thoroughly. The construction appropriately conveys the sequence
students still had doubts. of events with urgency and clarity.
(a) Although the teacher explained the topic
thoroughly, the students still had doubts.
8. Join the following sentences to make one complete
(b) The students still had doubts because the
sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose
teacher explained the topic thoroughly.
the correct option.
(c) The teacher explained the topic thoroughly
unless the students still had doubts. (i) She was late for the interview. She missed the
(d) The students had doubts since the teacher bus.
did not explain the topic thoroughly. (a) She missed the bus because she was late for
the interview.
(iii) You must submit the form. You will not be
(b) She was late for the interview as she missed
allowed to appear for the exam.
the bus.
(a) You must submit the form because you will
(c) She missed the bus unless she was late for the
not be allowed to appear for the exam.
interview.
(b) You must submit the form or you will not be
(d) She was late for the interview since she missed
allowed to appear for the exam.
the bus.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 197

(c) Unless the old man was weak, he could barely 6. Join the following sentences to make one complete
walk. sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose
(d) The old man could barely walk although he the correct option.
was weak. (i) He studied late at night. He wanted to finish the
(iii) The travelers rested under the tree. It was very project on time.
hot outside. (a) He studied late at night so that he could
(a) The travelers rested under the tree because it finish the project on time.
was very hot outside. (b) He studied late at night because he wanted to
(b) The travelers rested under the tree as it was finish the project on time.
very hot outside. (c) Unless he wanted to finish the project on
(c) The travelers rested under the tree although time, he studied late at night.
it was very hot outside. (d) He studied late at night although he wanted
(d) The travelers rested under the tree unless it to finish the project on time.
was very hot outside. (ii) The thief hid in the bushes. The police were
(iv) She must leave now. She will miss the bus. chasing him.
(a) She must leave now because she will miss the (a) The thief hid in the bushes because the police
bus. were chasing him.
(b) She must leave now unless she will miss the (b) The police were chasing the thief although he
bus. hid in the bushes.
(c) She must leave now or she will miss the bus. (c) Unless the police were chasing him, the thief
(d) She must leave now if she does not want to hid in the bushes.
miss the bus. (d) The thief hid in the bushes as the police were
chasing him.
Ans
(iii) She borrowed a book from the library. She wanted
(i) (b) He failed miserably because he did not prepare
to prepare for the exam.
for the test.
(a) She borrowed a book from the library if she
“Because” shows the reason for his failure,
wanted to prepare for the exam.
connecting it directly to his lack of preparation.
(b) She borrowed a book from the library as she
This conjunction clearly conveys the cause-effect
wanted to prepare for the exam.
relationship, making it the most logical choice.
(c) Unless she wanted to prepare for the exam,
(ii) (b) The old man was so weak that he could barely she borrowed a book from the library.
walk. (d) She borrowed a book from the library
“So...that” effectively expresses the extent of although she wanted to prepare for the exam.
the old man’s weakness and its result (barely
(iv) The road was blocked. The heavy rain caused a
walking). This conjunction structure is suitable
landslide.
for showing the intensity of the situation.
(a) The heavy rain caused a landslide although
(iii) (a) The travelers rested under the tree because it the road was blocked.
was very hot outside. (b) The road was blocked because the heavy rain
“Because” explains the reason for the travelers’ caused a landslide.
decision to rest under the tree, linking their action (c) The road was blocked as the heavy rain
to the hot weather. This option best describes the caused a landslide.
logical relationship. (d) Unless the road was blocked, the heavy rain
(iv) (d) She must leave now if she does not want to caused a landslide.
miss the bus. Ans
“If” introduces a condition, emphasizing that
leaving now is necessary to avoid missing the (i) (a) He studied late at night so that he could finish
bus. This conjunction appropriately shows the the project on time.
conditional nature of the situation. “So that” introduces purpose, showing that his
action (studying late) aimed to meet a specific
goal (finishing the project). The sentence conveys
his intent in a concise manner, linking his effort
to the result.

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Ch 8 : Conjunctions

(iv) She heard a noise. She went outside to check. (ii) She practiced daily. She wanted to excel in her
(a) She went outside to check because she heard performance.
a noise. (a) She practiced daily because she wanted to
(b) She heard a noise although she went outside excel in her performance.
to check. (b) She practiced daily so that she could excel in
(c) She went outside to check unless she heard a her performance.
noise. (c) She practiced daily although she wanted to
(d) She went outside to check as she heard a excel in her performance.
noise. (d) She practiced daily unless she wanted to excel
in her performance.
Ans
(iii) The project was completed successfully. It
(i) (a) He worked hard so that he could achieve his
required a lot of hard work and dedication.
goals.
(a) The project was completed successfully as it
“So that” indicates the purpose behind his hard
required a lot of hard work and dedication.
work, showing the link between his effort and his
(b) The project was completed successfully unless
goals. Other options either fail to convey purpose
it required a lot of hard work and dedication.
or incorrectly imply causation.
(c) Although the project required a lot of hard
(ii) (a) The car skidded off the track because the road work and dedication, it was completed
was slippery. successfully.
“Because” explains the cause-effect relationship, (d) The project was completed successfully
showing the slippery road as the reason for the because it required a lot of hard work and
car skidding. Other conjunctions do not correctly dedication.
reflect this cause.
(iv) The lights went out suddenly. There was a power
(iii) (d) He practiced regularly so that he could failure in the area.
improve his performance. (a) The lights went out suddenly because there
“So that” expresses the purpose of his regular was a power failure in the area.
practice, linking it to the goal of improving (b) The lights went out suddenly as there was a
performance. Other options either misinterpret power failure in the area.
the sentence or do not indicate purpose. (c) The lights went out suddenly unless there was
(iv) (a) She went outside to check because she heard a a power failure in the area.
noise. (d) Although there was a power failure in the
“Because” explains why she went outside, making area, the lights went out suddenly.
it clear that the noise prompted her action. Other Ans
conjunctions do not establish this cause-effect
relationship effectively. (i) (a) He stayed back at the office as he had a
meeting scheduled in the evening.
“As” effectively shows the reason for staying
back, linking his action to the scheduled meeting.
19. Join the following sentences to make one complete “Because” could also fit, but “as” provides a
sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose slightly softer explanation in this context.
the correct option. (ii) (b) She practiced daily so that she could excel in
(i) He stayed back at the office. He had a meeting her performance.
scheduled in the evening. “So that” indicates the purpose of her daily
(a) He stayed back at the office as he had a practice, highlighting her intent to excel. This
meeting scheduled in the evening. conjunction clearly conveys her goal, making it
(b) He stayed back at the office because he had a the most appropriate choice.
meeting scheduled in the evening. (iii) (c) Although the project required a lot of hard
(c) He stayed back at the office although he had work and dedication, it was completed successfully.
a meeting scheduled in the evening. “Although” introduces contrast, emphasizing
(d) He stayed back at the office unless he had a that despite the challenges of hard work and
meeting scheduled in the evening. dedication, the project was completed successfully.
Other options do not highlight this contrast.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 199

(ii) The child cried loudly. He wanted his mother to (iv) (c) The students were tired because they had
pick him up. been working on the project all day.
(a) The child cried loudly because he wanted his “Because” provides the reason for their tiredness,
mother to pick him up. linking it to their prolonged work on the project.
(b) Unless the child wanted his mother to pick This choice clearly explains the cause of their
him up, he cried loudly. fatigue.
(c) The child cried loudly as he wanted his
mother to pick him up. 9. Join the following sentences to make one complete
(d) The child wanted his mother to pick him up sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose
although he cried loudly. the correct option.
(iii) He studied hard for the exam. He wanted to score (i) She walked very fast. She wanted to catch the
good marks. train.
(a) He studied hard for the exam so that he could (a) She walked very fast because she wanted to
score good marks. catch the train.
(b) Unless he studied hard for the exam, he (b) She walked very fast as she wanted to catch
wanted to score good marks. the train.
(c) He studied hard for the exam because he (c) She walked very fast unless she wanted to
wanted to score good marks. catch the train.
(d) He studied hard for the exam as he could (d) She walked very fast so that she wanted to
score good marks. catch the train.
(iv) The students were tired. They had been working (ii) The storm was very powerful. Many trees were
on the project all day. uprooted.
(a) The students were tired since they had been (a) Many trees were uprooted as the storm was
working on the project all day. very powerful.
(b) The students were tired unless they had been (b) Many trees were uprooted because the storm
working on the project all day. was very powerful.
(c) The students were tired because they had (c) The storm was very powerful unless many
been working on the project all day. trees were uprooted.
(d) Although the students had been working on (d) Many trees were uprooted although the storm
the project all day, they were tired. was very powerful.
Ans (iii) The dog barked continuously. It wanted to alert
(i) (b) She was late for the interview as she missed the owner.
the bus. (a) The dog barked continuously because it
“As” establishes the cause-effect relationship wanted to alert the owner.
between missing the bus and being late for the (b) Unless the dog wanted to alert the owner, it
interview. This conjunction effectively highlights barked continuously.
the sequence of events and provides a logical flow (c) The dog barked continuously as it wanted to
to the sentence. alert the owner.
(d) Although the dog barked continuously, it
(ii) (c) The child cried loudly as he wanted his mother wanted to alert the owner.
to pick him up.
“As” explains the reason for the child’s crying, (iv) He failed in the exam. He did not study properly.
directly connecting it to his desire to be picked (a) He failed in the exam although he did not
up. This conjunction makes the sentence clear study properly.
and grammatically correct. (b) He failed in the exam because he did not
study properly.
(iii) (a) He studied hard for the exam so that he could (c) Unless he did not study properly, he failed in
score good marks. the exam.
“So that” indicates purpose, linking his hard work (d) He failed in the exam as he did not study
to his goal of scoring good marks. This option is properly.
appropriate as it emphasizes the intent behind his
effort.

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Ch 8 : Conjunctions

E XERCISE (SOLVED) Ans

(i) (c) Unless you stay still, we cannot take your
photograph.
1. Join the following sentences to make one complete “Unless” introduces a condition, clearly stating
sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose that staying still is necessary to take the
the correct option. photograph. It links the two ideas effectively,
(i) Stay still. We cannot take your photograph making it the most appropriate choice among the
otherwise. options provided.
(a) Stay still, else we cannot take your photograph (ii) (b) Roy’s mother rang up the school office to
otherwise. enquire about the swimming classes at the
(b) Stay still because we can take your photograph summer camp.
otherwise. “To enquire” expresses the purpose of Roy’s
(c) Unless you stay still, we cannot take your mother’s call to the school office, establishing a
photograph. direct link between the action and the reason.
(d) If you stay still, we cannot take your This makes it concise and grammatically correct.
photograph.
(iii) (c) Do you know where I left my keys?
(ii) Roy’s mother rang up the school office. She “Do you know where I left my keys?” is the
wanted to enquire about the swimming classes at simplest and most accurate phrasing to ask
the summer camp. about the location of the keys. Other options
(a) Roy’s mother rang up the school office as unnecessarily complicate the sentence or use
she wanted to enquire about the swimming incorrect tense forms.
classes at the summer camp.
(iv) (b) Neither the captain nor the players should be
(b) Roy’s mother rang up the school office to
blamed for the team’s defeat.
enquire about the swimming classes at the
“Neither ... nor” appropriately expresses that
summer camp.
both the captain and the players are not to be
(c) Roy’s mother has rung up the school office
blamed. This conjunction provides the correct
to enquire about the swimming classes at the
sense of exclusion for the sentence’s intent.
summer camp.
(d) Roy’s mother rang up the school office
2. Join the following sentences to make one complete
wanting enquiry about the swimming classes
at the summer camp. sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose
the correct option.
(iii) I left my keys somewhere. Do you know where
they are? (i) The teacher explained the concept. The students
(a) Do you know where I had left my keys? still didn’t understand it.
(b) Do you know where my keys were left behind? (a) The teacher explained the concept unless the
(c) Do you know where I left my keys? students didn’t understand it.
(d) Do you know where I would have left my (b) Though the teacher explained the concept,
keys? the students didn’t understand it.
(c) The teacher explained the concept as the
(iv) The captain should not be blamed for the team’s students didn’t understand it.
defeat. The players should not be blamed for the (d) The students didn’t understand it because
team’s defeat. the teacher explained the concept.
(a) The captain should neither be blamed nor
the players should be blamed for the team’s (ii) The road was slippery. The car skidded off the
defeat. track.
(b) Neither the captain nor the players should be (a) As the road was slippery, the car skidded off
blamed for the team’s defeat. the track.
(c) The captain should not be blamed for the (b) The car skidded off the track if the road was
team’s defeat as the players should not be slippery.
blamed for the team’s defeat. (c) Unless the road was slippery, the car skidded
(d) The captain should not be blamed for the off the track.
team’s defeat, but the players too should not (d) The car skidded off the track so the road was
be blamed for the team’s defeat. slippery.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 201

(c) The child was crying unless he was hungry. (iv) (a) The players practiced daily so that they could
(d) The child was crying as he was hungry. win the championship.
“So that” effectively conveys the players’ purpose
(ii) She studied hard for the exam. She wanted to for practicing daily. “Because” would imply the
score good marks. reason rather than the purpose, while “unless”
(a) She studied hard for the exam because she and “although” are not suitable for this context.
wanted to score good marks.
(b) She studied hard for the exam unless she
wanted to score good marks.
(c) She studied hard for the exam so that she
could score good marks. 12. Join the following sentences to make one complete
(d) She studied hard for the exam although she sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose
wanted to score good marks. the correct option.
(iii) The weather was bad. The flight was delayed. (i) The students stayed in the classroom. It was
(a) The flight was delayed as the weather was raining heavily.
bad. (a) The students stayed in the classroom because
(b) Although the weather was bad, the flight was it was raining heavily
delayed. (b) The students stayed in the classroom as it
(c) The flight was delayed because the weather was raining heavily.
was bad. (c) The students stayed in the classroom unless it
(d) The flight was delayed unless the weather was was raining heavily.
bad. (d) The students stayed in the classroom although
(iv) The players practiced daily. They were determined it was raining heavily.
to win the championship. (ii) He missed the bus. He did not leave home on
(a) The players practiced daily so that they could time.
win the championship. (a) He missed the bus because he did not leave
(b) The players practiced daily because they were home on time
determined to win the championship. (b) He missed the bus although he did not leave
(c) The players practiced daily unless they were home on time.
determined to win the championship. (c) He missed the bus unless he did not leave
(d) The players practiced daily although they home on time.
were determined to win the championship. (d) He missed the bus as he did not leave home
on time.
Ans
(iii) She worked overtime. She wanted to complete the
(i) (a) The child was crying because he was hungry.
project by the deadline.
“Because” clearly shows the reason for the child’s
(a) She worked overtime because she wanted to
crying. The other options do not fit the context:
complete the project by the deadline.
“although” implies a contrast, “unless” introduces
(b) She worked overtime so that she could
a condition, and “as” may seem ambiguous.
complete the project by the deadline.
(ii) (c) She studied hard for the exam so that she (c) She worked overtime unless she wanted to
could score good marks. complete the project by the deadline.
“So that” indicates the purpose of her studying (d) She worked overtime although she wanted to
hard. “Because” would imply a reason rather complete the project by the deadline.
than a purpose, while “although” and “unless” do
(iv) The alarm rang. He woke up immediately.
not logically connect the clauses.
(a) As soon as the alarm rang, he woke up
(iii) (c) The flight was delayed because the weather immediately.
was bad. (b) The alarm rang because he woke up
“Because” establishes a direct cause-and-effect immediately.
relationship between the bad weather and the (c) The alarm rang although he woke up
flight delay. “Although” implies contrast, and immediately.
“unless” does not convey the intended meaning. (d) The alarm rang unless he woke up immediately.

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Ch 8 : Conjunctions

to her diet. This conjunction is the most suitable (iv) (a) as soon as
for expressing this opposition. “As soon as” indicates the earliest time to start the
(iii) (a) however meeting, specifically after everyone has arrived.
“However” introduces a contrasting idea, It emphasizes immediacy and is contextually
highlighting that even though the teacher appropriate.
explained the topic repeatedly, some students
still did not understand it. This word effectively 23. Fill in the blanks with suitable connectors.
conveys the contradiction. (i) The players trained hard every day ………….
(iv) (c) otherwise they were determined to win the championship.
“Otherwise” introduces a consequence, showing (a) because (b) yet
that if the task is not finished by tomorrow, the (c) although (d) as
meeting will be delayed. This conjunction clearly (ii) The cake was delicious …………. it took hours to
links the action to its potential outcome. bake.
(a) so (b) because
(c) although (d) or
(iii) He wanted to join the sports club …………. his
22. Fill in the blanks with suitable connectors.
parents insisted he focus on his studies.
(i) The cat jumped off the table …………. it saw a (a) because (b) yet
mouse. (c) or (d) but
(a) because (b) until
(iv) We must leave early …………. we might miss the
(c) when (d) as
first train.
(ii) You can choose to have pizza …………. pasta for (a) otherwise (b) and
dinner. (c) or (d) but
(a) but (b) since
(c) or (d) yet Ans
(i) (d) as
(iii) The plane landed safely …………. the weather
“As” introduces the reason for the players’ hard
was bad.
training, linking it to their determination to win
(a) although (b) because
the championship. It provides a logical cause-
(c) while (d) until
effect relationship in this context.
(iv) Let us start the meeting …………. everyone has
(ii) (c) although
arrived.
“Although” shows a contrast, indicating that while
(a) as soon as (b) because
the cake was delicious, it required a lot of effort
(c) until (d) while
and time to bake. This conjunction highlights the
Ans unexpected nature of the relationship.
(i) (c) when (iii) (d) but
“When” establishes a time relationship between “But” connects two opposing ideas: his desire to
the cat jumping off the table and seeing the join the sports club and his parents’ insistence
mouse. It shows that the two events occurred on focusing on studies. It is the appropriate
simultaneously. conjunction for expressing this contrast.
(ii) (c) or (iv) (a) otherwise
“Or” presents a choice between two options, “Otherwise” introduces the consequence of not
pizza or pasta, for dinner. This conjunction leaving early, which is missing the first train. This
is appropriate for linking alternatives in the conjunction effectively links the action and its
sentence. potential result.
(iii) (a) although 24. Fill in the blanks with suitable connectors.
“Although” introduces a contrast, showing that
despite the bad weather, the plane landed safely. (i) She worked hard …………. she could achieve her
This conjunction highlights the unexpected dreams.
outcome. (a) yet (b) so that
(c) because (d) as

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 203

(ii) He was very hungry. He did not eat the food for describing the situation in a straightforward
offered to him. manner.
(a) He did not eat the food offered to him because (iv) (a) He completed his task so that he could leave
he was very hungry. early for the day.
(b) He did not eat the food offered to him “So that” conveys purpose and explains his
although he was very hungry. reason for completing the task. It links his action
(c) He did not eat the food offered to him unless (task completion) with his goal (leaving early).
he was very hungry. This makes it the most appropriate conjunction
(d) He did not eat the food offered to him as he to express intent in this context.
was very hungry.
(iii) The roads were flooded. The city experienced 15. Join the following sentences to make one complete
heavy rainfall. sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose
(a) The roads were flooded because the city the correct option.
experienced heavy rainfall.
(i) The old man walked slowly. He was weak and
(b) The roads were flooded as the city experienced
tired.
heavy rainfall.
(a) The old man walked slowly because he was
(c) The roads were flooded although the city
weak and tired.
experienced heavy rainfall.
(b) The old man walked slowly although he was
(d) The roads were flooded unless the city
weak and tired.
experienced heavy rainfall.
(c) The old man walked slowly as he was weak
(iv) He completed his task. He could leave early for and tired.
the day. (d) The old man walked slowly unless he was
(a) He completed his task so that he could leave weak and tired.
early for the day.
(ii) She left early. She had an important meeting to
(b) He completed his task because he could leave
attend.
early for the day.
(a) She left early unless she had an important
(c) He completed his task unless he could leave
meeting to attend.
early for the day.
(b) She left early as she had an important meeting
(d) He completed his task although he could leave
to attend.
early for the day.
(c) She left early so that she could attend an
Ans important meeting.
(i) (c) She stayed up late so that she could complete (d) She left early because she had an important
the assignment. meeting to attend.
“So that” introduces purpose and clearly explains (iii) The train left the platform. The passengers were
why she stayed up late. It links her effort still boarding.
(staying up late) with her goal (completing the (a) Although the passengers were still boarding,
assignment). This conjunction best expresses the the train left the platform.
intended cause-effect relationship in this context. (b) The train left the platform because the
(ii) (b) He did not eat the food offered to him although passengers were still boarding.
he was very hungry. (c) The train left the platform as the passengers
“Although” is used to show contrast between were still boarding.
two ideas: his hunger and his refusal to eat. This (d) The train left the platform unless the
conjunction effectively highlights the unexpected passengers were still boarding.
nature of his action, making it the most (iv) The children stopped playing. It started getting
appropriate choice for this sentence. dark.
(iii) (b) The roads were flooded as the city experienced (a) The children stopped playing as it started
heavy rainfall. getting dark.
“As” establishes the cause-effect relationship (b) The children stopped playing although it
between heavy rainfall and flooded roads. This started getting dark.
conjunction provides a concise way to explain (c) The children stopped playing because it
why the roads were flooded, making it suitable started getting dark.

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Ch 8 : Conjunctions

Ans (iii) He practiced every day. He wanted to win the

(i) (b) She walked very fast as she wanted to catch competition.
the train. (a) He practiced every day unless he wanted to
“As” effectively connects her fast walking to her win the competition.
intent to catch the train, establishing a cause-effect (b) He practiced every day so that he could win
relationship. This choice is both grammatically the competition.
correct and contextually suitable for the situation (c) He practiced every day because he wanted to
described. win the competition.
(d) He practiced every day as he wanted to win
(ii) (b) Many trees were uprooted because the storm
the competition.
was very powerful.
“Because” explains the direct relationship (iv) She was very tired. She decided to take a nap.
between the powerful storm and the uprooting of (a) She decided to take a nap as she was very
trees. This conjunction provides clarity by linking tired.
the cause (storm) to the effect (trees uprooted). (b) She was very tired because she decided to
take a nap.
(iii) (c) The dog barked continuously as it wanted to
(c) Unless she was tired, she decided to take a
alert the owner.
nap.
“As” explains the dog’s action, showing that its
(d) Although she was tired, she decided to take a
barking was intended to alert the owner. This
nap.
conjunction appropriately conveys the connection
between the reason and the behavior. Ans
(iv) (d) He failed in the exam as he did not study (i) (b) He stayed at home as he was feeling unwell.
properly. “As” introduces the reason for his staying at
“As” establishes the causal link between his home, directly linking it to his feeling unwell. This
failure and his lack of preparation. It is concise choice emphasizes the cause-effect relationship
and effectively conveys the relationship between effectively and fits the context naturally.
the two actions. (ii) (d) The guests left early as they had a long
journey ahead.
“As” explains the reason for the guests leaving
early, showing their need to prepare for their long
10. Join the following sentences to make one complete journey. This option clearly establishes the link
sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose between their action and the reason behind it.
the correct option. (iii) (b) He practiced every day so that he could win
(i) He stayed at home. He was feeling unwell. the competition.
(a) He stayed at home because he was feeling “So that” expresses the purpose of his daily
unwell. practice, connecting his efforts to his goal of
(b) He stayed at home as he was feeling unwell. winning the competition. This conjunction
(c) Unless he was feeling unwell, he stayed at emphasizes his intention clearly and logically.
home. (iv) (a) She decided to take a nap as she was very
(d) He stayed at home although he was feeling tired.
unwell. “As” links her decision to take a nap to her feeling
(ii) The guests left early. They had a long journey of tiredness, clearly explaining the reason for her
ahead. action. This conjunction effectively conveys the
(a) The guests left early although they had a long cause-effect relationship.
journey ahead.
(b) The guests left early because they had a long 11. Join the following sentences to make one complete
journey ahead. sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose
(c) Unless the guests had a long journey ahead, the correct option.
they left early. (i) The child was crying. He was hungry.
(d) The guests left early as they had a long (a) The child was crying because he was hungry.
journey ahead. (b) The child was crying although he was hungry.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 205

this conjunction the most suitable option for the (ii) (a) He missed the train because he arrived at the
sentence. station late.
“Because” links his late arrival with missing the
17. Join the following sentences to make one complete train, clearly stating the cause-effect relationship.
sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose “Although” implies contrast, which is irrelevant in
the correct option. this case, and “unless” would make the sentence
illogical.
(i) She stayed at home. She was feeling exhausted.
(a) She stayed at home because she was feeling (iii) (b) We decided to watch the movie again because
exhausted. it was very interesting.
(b) She stayed at home unless she was feeling “Because” logically connects the movie’s
exhausted. interesting nature with the decision to watch it
(c) She stayed at home although she was feeling again. This choice clearly establishes the reason
exhausted. for their decision, making it the most appropriate.
(d) She stayed at home as she was feeling (iv) (d) The child was playing outside until it began to
exhausted. rain.
(ii) He arrived at the station late. He missed the “Until” indicates a time relationship, showing that
train. the child’s play stopped when the rain started.
(a) He missed the train because he arrived at the This conjunction appropriately fits the context of
station late. a sequence of events.
(b) He missed the train as he arrived at the
18. Join the following sentences to make one complete
station late.
(c) He missed the train although he arrived at sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose
the station late. the correct option.
(d) He missed the train unless he arrived at the (i) He worked hard. He wanted to achieve his goals.
station late. (a) He worked hard so that he could achieve his
(iii) The movie was very interesting. We decided to goals.
watch it again. (b) He worked hard because he wanted to achieve
(a) The movie was very interesting as we decided his goals.
to watch it again. (c) He worked hard unless he wanted to achieve
(b) We decided to watch the movie again because his goals.
it was very interesting. (d) He worked hard although he wanted to
(c) The movie was very interesting unless we achieve his goals.
decided to watch it again. (ii) The road was slippery. The car skidded off the
(d) We decided to watch the movie again although track.
it was very interesting. (a) The car skidded off the track because the
(iv) The child was playing outside. It began to rain. road was slippery.
(a) The child was playing outside unless it began (b) The car skidded off the track unless the road
to rain. was slippery.
(b) The child was playing outside because it (c) The car skidded off the track although the
began to rain. road was slippery.
(c) The child was playing outside although it (d) The car skidded off the track as the road was
began to rain. slippery.
(d) The child was playing outside until it began (iii) He practiced regularly. He improved his
to rain. performance.
(a) He improved his performance although he
Ans
practiced regularly.
(i) (a) She stayed at home because she was feeling (b) He practiced regularly as he improved his
exhausted.“Because” provides the reason for her performance.
staying at home. The conjunction appropriately (c) He practiced regularly because he improved
shows the cause-effect relationship between her his performance.
exhaustion and decision to stay at home. Other (d) He practiced regularly so that he could
options do not convey the same logic. improve his performance.

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Ch 8 : Conjunctions

Ans (b) She continued working late into the night

(i) (a) The students stayed in the classroom because because she was very tired.
it was raining heavily. (c) Although she was very tired, she continued
“Because” correctly expresses the cause of the working late into the night.
students staying in the classroom. “Although” (d) She continued working late into the night
and “unless” are incorrect as they imply contrast unless she was very tired.
or condition, which does not match the context. (iv) The teacher started the lesson. All the students
(ii) (a) He missed the bus because he did not leave became quiet.
home on time. (a) As soon as the teacher started the lesson, all
“Because” establishes a clear cause-and-effect the students became quiet.
relationship. “Although” implies contrast, while (b) The teacher started the lesson although all
“unless” does not fit the sentence’s intent. the students became quiet.
(c) All the students became quiet as the teacher
(iii) (b) She worked overtime so that she could
started the lesson.
complete the project by the deadline.
(d) The teacher started the lesson unless all the
“So that” expresses purpose, linking her action
students became quiet.
(working overtime) with her goal (meeting the
deadline). “Because” would imply a reason, not Ans
a purpose. (i) (c) The children stopped playing as it started to
(iv) (a) As soon as the alarm rang, he woke up rain heavily.
immediately. “As” indicates a reason (heavy rain) for the
“As soon as” highlights the quick sequence of children stopping their play. “Because” could also
actions, showing he woke up right after the alarm work, but “as” fits better for brevity.
rang. Other options are illogical in this context. (ii) (b) He apologized to his friend because he realized
his mistake.
13. Join the following sentences to make one complete “Because” shows the cause for his apology. The
sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose other options either fail to convey the cause-effect
the correct option. relationship or are grammatically incorrect.
(i) The children stopped playing. It started to rain (iii) (c) Although she was very tired, she continued
heavily. working late into the night.
(a) The children stopped playing because it “Although” expresses contrast, highlighting her
started to rain heavily. effort despite her exhaustion. This contrast makes
(b) The children stopped playing unless it started it the most appropriate choice.
to rain heavily. (iv) (a) As soon as the teacher started the lesson, all
(c) The children stopped playing as it started to the students became quiet.
rain heavily. “As soon as” shows an immediate sequence of
(d) The children stopped playing although it events, indicating the students quieted down right
started to rain heavily. after the teacher began teaching.
(ii) He apologized to his friend. He realized his
mistake. 14. Join the following sentences to make one complete
(a) He apologized to his friend as he realized his sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose
mistake. the correct option.
(b) He apologized to his friend because he realized (i) She stayed up late. She had to complete the
his mistake. assignment.
(c) He apologized to his friend unless he realized (a) She stayed up late because she had to
his mistake. complete the assignment.
(d) He apologized to his friend although he (b) She stayed up late unless she had to complete
realized his mistake. the assignment.
(iii) She was very tired. She continued working late (c) She stayed up late so that she could complete
into the night. the assignment.
(a) She was very tired as she continued working (d) She stayed up late although she had to
late into the night. complete the assignment.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 207

(iv) (b) The lights went out suddenly as there was a Ans
power failure in the area. (i) (c) He could not attend the party because he was
“As” connects the sudden loss of lights with feeling unwell.
its cause (power failure). It provides a clear “Because” provides the reason for his absence at
explanation and maintains a smooth flow in the the party, making it clear that his illness caused
sentence. him to miss the event. Other conjunctions do not
fit the cause-effect relationship.
(ii) (a) Although she waited at the bus stop for an
hour, the bus did not arrive.
20. Join the following sentences to make one complete “Although” highlights the contrast between her
sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose long wait and the unexpected non-arrival of the
the correct option. bus, effectively conveying the surprising situation.
(i) He could not attend the party. He was feeling (iii) (b) Although the restaurant was crowded, we
unwell. decided to wait for a table.
(a) He could not attend the party as he was “Although” introduces a contrast, showing that
feeling unwell. despite the inconvenience of the crowd, they
(b) He could not attend the party although he chose to wait. This contrast makes the sentence
was feeling unwell. meaningful and appropriate.
(c) He could not attend the party because he was
(iv) (a) The match was canceled as it started raining
feeling unwell.
heavily.
(d) He could not attend the party unless he was
“As” explains the reason for the match
feeling unwell.
cancellation, linking it directly to the heavy
(ii) She waited at the bus stop for an hour. The bus rain. It provides a logical and smooth connection
did not arrive. between the two ideas.
(a) Although she waited at the bus stop for an
hour, the bus did not arrive. 21. Fill in the blanks with suitable connectors.
(b) She waited at the bus stop for an hour because (i) He worked tirelessly all day …………. he still
the bus did not arrive. could not complete the project.
(c) She waited at the bus stop for an hour as the (a) and (b) yet
bus did not arrive. (c) because (d) therefore
(d) She waited at the bus stop for an hour unless
(ii) She loves ice cream …………. she avoids eating it
the bus did not arrive.
because of her diet.
(iii) The restaurant was crowded. We decided to wait (a) but (b) or
for a table. (c) so (d) since
(a) We decided to wait for a table because the
(iii) The teacher explained the topic repeatedly
restaurant was crowded.
…………. some students still did not understand.
(b) Although the restaurant was crowded, we
(a) however (b) because
decided to wait for a table.
(c) therefore (d) until
(c) We decided to wait for a table as the
restaurant was crowded. (iv) We need to finish this task by tomorrow ………….
(d) We decided to wait for a table unless the the meeting will be delayed.
restaurant was crowded. (a) so (b) yet
(c) otherwise (d) until
(iv) The match was canceled. It started raining
heavily. Ans
(a) The match was canceled as it started raining (i) (b) yet
heavily. “Yet” introduces a contrast, showing that
(b) The match was canceled because it started despite working tirelessly, he could not complete
raining heavily. the project. This conjunction emphasizes the
(c) Although it started raining heavily, the match unexpected outcome of his effort.
was canceled. (ii) (a) but
(d) The match was canceled unless it started “But” connects two contrasting ideas: her love for
raining heavily. ice cream and her decision to avoid eating it due

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Ch 8 : Conjunctions

(d) The children stopped playing unless it started (c) The doctor advised her to rest as she was
getting dark. feeling unwell.
(d) The doctor advised her to rest unless she was
Ans
feeling unwell.
(i) (c) The old man walked slowly as he was weak
(iii) The boy stayed at home. It was raining heavily
and tired.
outside.
“As” is used here to explain the reason for the old
(a) The boy stayed at home unless it was raining
man’s slow walking. It introduces a cause-effect
heavily outside.
relationship and concisely conveys his physical
(b) The boy stayed at home although it was
condition affecting his movement, making it the
raining heavily outside.
most appropriate choice.
(c) The boy stayed at home because it was
(ii) (c) She left early so that she could attend an raining heavily outside.
important meeting. (d) The boy stayed at home as it was raining
“So that” expresses purpose, explaining that heavily outside.
her leaving early was intentional to ensure her
(iv) The teacher praised the student. He had worked
attendance at the meeting. This conjunction
hard for the exam.
perfectly conveys her reason for leaving early in a
(a) The teacher praised the student although he
purposeful context.
had worked hard for the exam.
(iii) (a) Although the passengers were still boarding, (b) The teacher praised the student because he
the train left the platform. had worked hard for the exam.
“Although” introduces contrast between the (c) The teacher praised the student unless he had
passengers still boarding and the unexpected worked hard for the exam.
action of the train leaving. This conjunction (d) The teacher praised the student as he had
highlights the surprising nature of the situation worked hard for the exam.
effectively and matches the intended meaning.
Ans
(iv) (a) The children stopped playing as it started
getting dark. (i) (b) He couldn’t solve the problem as it was very
“As” explains the reason for the children stopping complicated.
their play, linking their action with the time of day. “As” links the problem’s complexity to his
It appropriately describes the natural reaction to inability to solve it, establishing a logical cause-
the onset of darkness in this context. effect relationship. It is concise and appropriate,
while “because” could also work but may sound
slightly less fluid.
16. Join the following sentences to make one complete
sentence without using and, but, or so. Choose (ii) (a) The doctor advised her to rest because she
the correct option. was feeling unwell.
“Because” explains the reason behind the
(i) He couldn’t solve the problem. It was very
doctor’s advice. It clearly conveys the cause of
complicated.
the recommendation. Other options, such as
(a) He couldn’t solve the problem because it was
“so that” or “unless,” do not fit the sentence’s
very complicated.
intended meaning.
(b) He couldn’t solve the problem as it was very
complicated. (iii) (c) The boy stayed at home because it was raining
(c) He couldn’t solve the problem unless it was heavily outside.
very complicated. “Because” effectively shows the reason for the
(d) He couldn’t solve the problem although it was boy’s decision to stay at home. “As” could also
very complicated. work but is less commonly used for direct cause-
effect relationships in this context.
(ii) The doctor advised her to rest. She was feeling
unwell. (iv) (b) The teacher praised the student because he
(a) The doctor advised her to rest because she had worked hard for the exam.
was feeling unwell. “Because” establishes the logical reason for the
(b) The doctor advised her to rest so that she teacher’s praise. The student’s hard work is
could recover quickly. directly linked to the teacher’s reaction, making

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 209

(ii) The path was slippery …………. it had rained all Ans
night. (i) (a) although
(a) because (b) although “Although” introduces a contrast, showing
(c) unless (d) yet that despite the book being boring, the speaker
(iii) He was late …………. he missed the bus. managed to finish it. This connector effectively
(a) and (b) or emphasizes the contradiction in the statement.
(c) because (d) so (ii) (a) so that
(iv) The train left the station …………. we arrived. “So that” indicates the purpose of speaking softly,
(a) after (b) while which was to ensure everyone could hear him
(c) before (d) as clearly. This connector establishes a direct link
between the action and its intended result.
Ans
(iii) (c) so
(i) (b) so that “So” introduces the result of the shop being
“So that” expresses purpose, linking her hard closed, which was the decision to buy groceries
work to her goal of achieving her dreams. It later. This choice clearly conveys the cause-effect
clearly conveys her motivation and is the most relationship.
appropriate choice here.
(iv) (b) although
(ii) (a) because “Although” introduces a contrast, highlighting
“Because” explains the reason for the path that despite being hungry, the child refused to eat.
being slippery, attributing it to the heavy rain This connector effectively conveys the unexpected
throughout the night. It establishes a direct nature of the situation.
cause-effect relationship.
(iii) (c) because 26. Fill in the blanks with suitable sentence connectors
“Because” provides the reason for his lateness, in the passage below.
connecting it to missing the bus. This choice A fire broke out in the building late last night.
clearly explains the sequence of events and their The residents (i) …………. were sleeping woke up
causation. to the sound of alarms. Many of them rushed out
(iv) (c) before of their homes (ii) …………. they were in a panic.
“Before” indicates the sequence of events, showing The fire brigade arrived quickly (iii) ………….
that the train had already departed when they took control of the situation. Some people (iv)
arrived. It is the most logical and contextually …………. were trapped on the upper floors
appropriate connector here. were rescued. The authorities reported that no
casualties were recorded in the incident.
25. Fill in the blanks with suitable connectors. Ans
(i) The book was boring …………. I managed to (i) who
finish it. “Who” introduces a relative clause to describe
(a) although (b) because the residents, specifying that they were the ones
(c) since (d) and sleeping during the fire. It helps to identify the
(ii) He spoke softly …………. everyone could hear subject more clearly.
him clearly. (ii) because
(a) so that (b) or “Because” explains the reason for the residents
(c) as (d) until rushing out of their homes, linking it to their
(iii) The shop was closed …………. I decided to buy state of panic. It emphasizes the cause-effect
groceries later. relationship in the context.
(a) yet (b) and (iii) and
(c) so (d) because “And” connects the two actions of the fire
(iv) The child refused to eat …………. he was hungry. brigade: arriving quickly and taking control of the
(a) because (b) although situation. This conjunction indicates sequential or
(c) so (d) unless additional information.

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Ch 8 : Conjunctions

(iv) who (ii) and

“Who” introduces another relative clause, “And” links the two topics the principal spoke
referring to the people trapped on the upper about, discipline and punctuality. This conjunction
floors. It specifies and adds information about the effectively combines related ideas.
group mentioned. (iii) who
“Who” introduces a relative clause describing
27. Fill in the blanks with suitable sentence connectors the teachers, emphasizing their role in observing
in the passage below. the students’ behavior. It provides additional
The farmer had been working tirelessly in his information about the subject.
fields (i) …………. the rain poured down heavily.
He knew (ii) …………. he had to protect his crops (iv) that
from damage. He quickly covered the exposed “That” introduces a clause reporting the
areas (iii) …………. returned to his shelter. He information given to the students about the
was relieved (iv) …………. he had managed to consequences of rule violations. It integrates the
save the crops. The rain stopped after a while but statement into the sentence.
left the fields muddy and wet.
29. Fill in the blanks with suitable sentence connectors
Ans in the passage below.
(i) while The athlete trained hard every day (i) ………….
“While” indicates that the farmer was working at he wanted to win the championship. He followed
the same time as the heavy rain poured down. It a strict diet plan (ii) …………. avoided unhealthy
sets a context of simultaneous actions. food. His coach, (iii) …………. believed in
his potential, motivated him constantly. The
(ii) that
competition was tough (iv) …………. he managed
“That” introduces a clause explaining the farmer’s
to secure first place. His victory was celebrated
realization of the need to protect his crops. It
and widely admired.
integrates the idea smoothly into the sentence.
(iii) and Ans
“And” connects the two actions of covering the (i) because
crops and returning to shelter, showing sequential “Because” explains the reason for the athlete’s
actions performed by the farmer. hard training, linking it to his desire to win the
(iv) that championship. It establishes a clear cause-effect
“That” introduces the reason for the farmer’s relationship.
relief, emphasizing the successful outcome of his (ii) and
efforts to save the crops. “And” connects the two actions of following a strict
diet and avoiding unhealthy food, emphasizing
28. Fill in the blanks with suitable sentence connectors the athlete’s disciplined lifestyle.
in the passage below. (iii) who
The students gathered in the auditorium “Who” introduces a relative clause describing
(i) …………. the principal addressed them. the coach, highlighting his belief in the athlete’s
He spoke about discipline (ii) …………. the potential. It adds essential information about the
importance of punctuality. The teachers subject.
(iii) …………. had been observing their behavior
were asked to submit their reports. The students (iv) but
were informed (iv) …………. anyone violating “But” introduces a contrast, showing that despite
the rules would face consequences. The principal the tough competition, the athlete managed to
concluded his speech by encouraging everyone to secure first place. It emphasizes the difficulty and
work hard and stay focused. his achievement.
Ans
30. Fill in the blanks with suitable sentence connectors
(i) where in the passage below.
“Where” specifies the location where the students The travelers rested by the river (i) ………….
gathered, setting the scene for the principal’s they were tired after a long day. They had carried
address. It creates a spatial relationship.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 211

some food (ii) …………. decided to have a picnic (ii) (a) because
there. One of them went to collect water from the “Because” indicates the reason for the residents’
river (iii) …………. slipped on a rock and fell. His panic, linking their rushed actions to their
friends rushed to help him (iv) …………. pulled emotional state during the fire.
him back to safety. They decided to move on and (iii) (c) and
camp somewhere safer. “And” connects two actions performed by the fire
Ans brigade: arriving quickly and taking control of
the situation. It conveys a sense of sequence and
(i) because
continuity.
“Because” explains the reason the travelers rested
(iv) (b) who
by the river, linking it to their tiredness after a
“Who” introduces another relative clause referring
long day. It establishes a cause-effect relationship.
to the people trapped on the upper floors. It adds
(ii) and detail and identifies the group more specifically.
“And” connects the actions of carrying food and
deciding to have a picnic, indicating that the two 32. Fill in the blanks with suitable sentence connectors
actions were done together or in sequence. in the passage below.
The hikers set out early in the morning. They
(iii) but
wanted to reach the summit (i) …………. the sun
“But” introduces a contrast, showing that while
rose. The guide led them through narrow paths
one traveler went to collect water, an unexpected
(ii) …………. were surrounded by dense forests.
mishap occurred when they slipped on a rock.
They rested for a while (iii) …………. they had
(iv) and walked for several hours. The group carried light
“And” connects the actions of the friends rushing snacks (iv) …………. they did not want to be
to help and pulling their companion back to weighed down. They finally reached the summit
safety, indicating the sequence of their efforts. and enjoyed the breathtaking view.
Options :
31. Fill in the blanks with suitable sentence connectors (i) (a) after (b) before
in the passage below. (c) since (d) when
A fire broke out in the building late last night. (ii) (a) that (b) while
The residents (i) …………. were sleeping woke up (c) which (d) who
to the sound of alarms. Many of them rushed out (iii) (a) although (b) because
of their homes (ii) …………. they were in a panic. (c) unless (d) as
The fire brigade arrived quickly (iii) …………. (iv) (a) although (b) since
took control of the situation. Some people (iv) (c) because (d) so
…………. were trapped on the upper floors Ans
were rescued. The authorities reported that no
(i) (b) before
casualties were recorded in the incident.
“Before” indicates the hikers’ goal of reaching
Options :
the summit prior to the sun rising. It conveys the
(i) (a) while (b) who timing of their actions relative to the event.
(c) and (d) since
(ii) (a) because (b) when (ii) (c) which
(c) that (d) although “Which” introduces a relative clause that
(iii) (a) but (b) because describes the narrow paths, adding detail about
(c) and (d) so their surroundings. It is contextually appropriate
(iv) (a) where (b) who to identify the paths.
(c) while (d) that (iii) (b) because
Ans “Because” explains the reason for the hikers
resting, linking their action to the fact that they
(i) (b) who had walked for several hours.
“Who” introduces a relative clause that describes
(iv) (d) so
the residents, specifying that they were the ones
“So” introduces the reason for carrying light
sleeping during the fire. This provides additional
snacks, showing the group’s intention to avoid
clarity about the subject.
being weighed down.

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Ch 8 : Conjunctions

33. Fill in the blanks with suitable sentence connectors Ans

in the passage below. (i) both … and
The school organized a sports day for the students. “Both … and” connects two equally important
The children, (i) …………. were excited, arrived activities, football and tennis, that the subject
early in the morning. The event started with a enjoys playing. It emphasizes inclusivity.
march-past (ii) …………. the national anthem
(ii) if
was played. The participants competed in various
“If” introduces a condition, indicating that the
events (iii) …………. showed great enthusiasm.
speaker’s help is dependent on the promise to
The parents, (iv) …………. had been invited,
study harder.
cheered loudly for their children. At the end of
the day, prizes were distributed and everyone (iii) although
celebrated the success of the event. “Although” introduces a contrast, showing that
Options : even with an extension, the project was not
submitted on time.
(i) (a) who (b) when
(c) that (d) while (iv) until
(ii) (a) because (b) when “Until” indicates the duration of the students’
(c) after (d) and waiting, which lasted up to the moment the
(iii) (a) who (b) and teacher arrived.
(c) but (d) while
(iv) (a) which (b) that 35. Fill in the blanks with suitable connectors.
(c) who (d) when (i) The boy was both tired …………. hungry after
Ans the long journey.
(i) (a) who (ii) He will attend the party …………. he finishes his
“Who” introduces a relative clause describing the homework first.
children, emphasizing that they were excited. It (iii) …………. he knew the risks, he went ahead with
adds essential detail about the subject. the plan.
(ii) (c) after (iv) She has been feeling unwell …………. the weather
“After” specifies the sequence of events, indicating changed suddenly.
that the march-past was followed by the playing
of the national anthem. Ans

(iii) (b) and (i) and

“And” connects the participants competing “And” connects the two conditions, tiredness and
in events with the fact that they showed great hunger, both of which the boy experienced after
enthusiasm. It suggests simultaneous or connected the journey.
actions. (ii) only if
(iv) (c) who “Only if” introduces a condition, making
“Who” introduces a relative clause describing the attending the party dependent on the completion
parents, indicating that they had been invited to of homework.
cheer for their children. (iii) Although
“Although” introduces a contrast, showing that
34. Fill in the blanks with suitable connectors. despite knowing the risks, the person decided to
(i) She enjoys playing …………. football …………. proceed with the plan.
tennis during her free time. (iv) since
(ii) I will help you …………. you promise to study “Since” explains the cause of feeling unwell,
harder. linking it to the weather change.

(iii) He didn’t submit the project on time ………….

www.nodia.i
he had been given an extension.
(iv) The students waited patiently …………. the
teacher arrived.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 213

CHAPTER
9
Transformation of Sentences

INTRODUCTIO 5. The water was too cold.

The water was colder than required.
Transformation of sentences means changing a Removal of ‘Too’ with Infinitive
sentence from one grammatical form to another
This theory applies when “too” is followed by
without altering its meaning. This process helps
“to” or “for,” making the sentence negative in
to express ideas in different ways while keeping
meaning. It involves restructuring the sentence
the original sense intact. For example, a statement into two clauses, using the following steps :
can be turned into a question or a negative 1. Use so in place of Too.
sentence, and vice versa. Transformation enhances 2. Before infinitive/after adjective use that.
language skills and improves sentence variety 3. After that use Personal Pronoun as per
in writing. It includes changes like converting original subject.
active voice to passive voice, direct speech to 4. After Personal Pronoun according to the
indirect speech, or simple sentences to complex reference use Can not/Will not (Present
ones. Understanding this concept is essential for tense) and could not/did not (Past tense).
effective communication and mastering English This use depends upon original Principle
grammar. Clause.
Example
1. He is too weak to walk.
s entences containing adverb ‘too’ He is so weak that he cannot walk.
2. She is too proud to beg.
Removal of Too without Infinitive She is so proud that she cannot beg.
This concept focuses on eliminating the word 3. He was too slow to achieve the target.
“too” from a sentence and restructuring it He was so slow that he could not achieve the
using a comparative degree adjective, followed target.
by appropriate phrases to retain the intended 4. The news is too good to be true.
meaning. The steps are : The news is so good that it cannot be true.
1. Remove too from the sentence 5. Children were too tired to run races.
2. Change adjective given after too in Children were so tired that they could not
Comparative Degree. run races.
3. Use than proper/than it is proper/than Removal of ‘Too’ in ‘For+Noun/Pronoun’ Pattern
desirable/than necessary/that it should be,
after Comparative degree Adjective in the This theory handles sentences where “too” is
end. followed by “for” and a noun or pronoun, often
denoting an excessive condition. The restructuring
Example involves creating an adverbial clause to preserve
1. He is too weak. the meaning. The steps are :
He is weaker than proper. 1. Use so in place of Too.
2. The wind is too chill. 2. Use that + clause (adv. clause) after the
The wind is more chill than it is proper. above step. In this clause use verb very
3. The news is too exciting. carefully because No verb is used after for +
The news is more exciting that it should be. noun/pronoun in the sentence.
4. The weather is too hot. 3. If much is given after Too in the sentence
The weather is hotter than desirable. then use so bad/so shocking.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

Example Comparative : This problem is not more

1. He is too dull for a sportsman. challenging than that one.
He is so dull that he cannot be a sportsman. Superlative : This problem is among the most
2. It is too much for us. challenging ones.
It is so bad/shocking that we can’t bear it. 6. Positive : No other student is as hardworking
as Rahul.
Comparative : Rahul is more hardworking
than any other student.
D egrees of Comparison Superlative : Rahul is the most hardworking
student.
Degrees of Comparison is an essential part of 7. Positive : This painting is as colorful as the
sentence transformation. It involves changing a other one.
sentence from one degree of comparison (positive, Comparative : This painting is not more
comparative, or superlative) to another without colorful than the other one.
altering its meaning. Superlative : This painting is one of the most
colorful ones.
Positive Degree : It shows a quality without 8. Positive : Few mountains are as high as
comparison. Mount Everest.
Example : She is as tall as her brother. Comparative : Mount Everest is higher than
Comparative Degree : It compares two things or most other mountains.
persons. Superlative : Mount Everest is the highest
mountain.
Example : She is taller than her brother.
9. Positive : She is as kind as her sister.
Superlative Degree : It shows the highest degree Comparative : She is not kinder than her
of a quality among three or more. sister.
Example : She is the tallest in the class. Superlative : She is one of the kindest people
I know.
While transforming, ensure the meaning remains 10. Positive : No other river is as long as the Nile.
the same. For example : Comparative : The Nile is longer than any
1. Positive : No other boy is as smart as John. other river.
Comparative : John is smarter than any other Superlative : The Nile is the longest river.
boy.
Superlative : John is the smartest boy in the
class.
2. Positive : This book is as interesting as that A ctive to Passive Voice
one.
Comparative : This book is not more The concept of Active and Passive Voice plays an
interesting than that one. essential role in English grammar. Transforming
Superlative : This book is one of the most a sentence from active voice to passive voice
interesting books. involves changing the focus of the sentence from
3. Positive : No other animal is as fast as the the subject (the doer of the action) to the object
cheetah. (the receiver of the action). While the meaning
Comparative : The cheetah is faster than any of the sentence remains the same, the structure
other animal. changes.
Superlative : The cheetah is the fastest
Active Voice : In the active voice, the subject of
animal.
the sentence performs the action.
4. Positive : Few cities are as beautiful as Paris.
Comparative : Paris is more beautiful than Structure : Subject + Verb + Object
most other cities. Example :
Superlative : Paris is one of the most beautiful The boy (subject) is playing (verb) football
cities. (object).
5. Positive : This problem is as challenging as Passive Voice : In the passive voice, the focus
that one. shifts to the object of the action. The object in

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 215

the active voice becomes the subject in the passive 2. Past Tense
voice.
Tense Active Voice Passive Voice
Structure : Object + Auxiliary Verb (to be) +
Past Participle + (by Subject) Past Simple He wrote a A letter was
Example : letter. written by him.
Football (subject) is being played (verb) by the Past He was writing A letter was
boy (object). Continuous a letter. being written by
Steps to Convert Active to Passive Voice him.

1. Identify the Subject, Verb, and Object : Past Perfect He had written A letter had
Locate the doer (subject), the action (verb), a letter. been written by
and the receiver of the action (object) in the him.
active sentence. 3. Future Tense
Example : The chef (subject) cooked (verb) a
delicious meal (object). Tense Active Voice Passive Voice
2. Interchange Subject and Object : The object Future He will write a A letter will be
of the active sentence becomes the subject of Simple letter. written by him.
the passive sentence. Future He will have A letter will have
Active : The chef cooked a delicious meal. Perfect written a letter. been written by
Passive : A delicious meal was cooked by the him.
chef.
3. Use the Correct Auxiliary Verb : Add the Special Cases of Transformation
correct form of the verb ‘to be’ based on the
1. Interrogative Sentences : For questions,
tense of the active sentence.
the structure changes slightly to match the
Example :
question format.
Active : She is painting a picture.
Yes/No Questions :
Passive : A picture is being painted by her.
Active : Did she complete the project?
4. Change the Verb to its Past Participle (V3)
Passive : Was the project completed by her?
: Always use the past participle form of the
Wh-Questions :
main verb in the passive voice.
Active : Who wrote this book?
Example :
Passive : By whom was this book written?
Active : The teacher teaches the students.
2. Imperative Sentences : Commands, requests,
Passive : The students are taught by the
or advice are converted by adding “Let” or
teacher.
rephrasing.
5. Add ‘by’ (Optional) : Use “by” to introduce
Active : Close the door.
the original subject (doer). If the doer is
Passive : Let the door be closed.
unknown or not important, it can be omitted.
Active : Please help me.
Example :
Passive : You are requested to help me.
Passive : The car was repaired (by the
3. Sentences with Modal Verbs : Use the modal verb
mechanic).
+ “be” + past participle in passive sentences.
Passive (without doer) : The car was repaired.
Active : She can solve the problem.
Passive : The problem can be solved by her.
Tense-Wise Conversion Active : They must complete the assignment.
1. Present Tense Passive : The assignment must be completed
by them.
Tense Active Voice Passive Voice
Example
Present He writes a A letter is
1. Active : The teacher gave us a lecture.
Simple letter. written by him.
Passive : A lecture was given to us by the
Present He is writing a A letter is being teacher.
Continuous letter. written by him. 2. Active : They are organizing the annual event.
Present He has written A letter has been Passive : The annual event is being organized
Perfect a letter. written by him. by them.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

3. Active : She has completed her assignment. 3. Remove Auxiliary Verb (‘to be’) : Eliminate
Passive : Her assignment has been completed the form of “to be” used in the passive voice
by her. and adjust the verb to its appropriate tense.
4. Active : He will announce the results Example :
tomorrow. Passive : A letter is being written by him.
Passive : The results will be announced by Active : He is writing a letter.
him tomorrow. 4. Retain the Tense : Ensure the tense of the
5. Active : Did he solve the problem? sentence remains the same. Only the structure
Passive : Was the problem solved by him? changes, not the tense.
6. Active : The chef cooked a delicious meal. Example :
Passive : A delicious meal was cooked by the Passive : The homework has been completed
chef. by the students.
7. Active : They are decorating the hall for the Active : The students have completed the
party. homework.
Passive : The hall is being decorated by them 5. Omit “by” (Optional) : In some cases,
for the party. especially when the doer is not mentioned or
8. Active : She has written an excellent article. important, infer the subject from context.
Passive : An excellent article has been written Example :
by her. Passive : The room was cleaned yesterday.
9. Active : He will finish the project by next Active : Someone cleaned the room yesterday.
week.
Passive : The project will be finished by him Tense-Wise Conversion
by next week. 1. Present Tense
10. Active : Who broke the window?
Passive : By whom was the window broken? Tense Passive Voice Active Voice
Present A letter is He writes a
Simple written by him. letter.
Present A letter is being He is writing a
Continuous written by him. letter.

Passive to Active Voice Present A letter has been He has written

Perfect written by him. a letter.
Transforming a sentence from passive voice to 2. Past Tense
active voice involves changing the focus from
the receiver of the action (object) to the doer Tense Passive Voice Active Voice
(subject). The structure of the sentence changes,
Past A letter was He wrote a
but the meaning remains the same.
Simple written by him. letter.
Steps for Conversion
Past A letter was being He was writing
1. Identify the Subject, Verb, and Object : Continuous written by him. a letter.
In the passive voice, the subject is usually
Past A letter had been He had written
mentioned after “by,” and the object is the
Perfect written by him. a letter.
main focus of the sentence.
Example : 3. Future Tense
Passive : The cake was baked by Sarah.
Subject : Sarah, Verb : baked, Object : the Tense Passive Voice Active Voice
cake. Future A letter will be He will write a
2. Interchange Subject and Object : Make the Simple written by him. letter.
doer (subject) the focus of the sentence.
The object in the passive voice becomes the Future A letter will have He will have
subject in the active voice. Perfect been written by written a letter.
Passive : The cake was baked by Sarah. him.
Active : Sarah baked the cake.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 217

Special Sentence Types Dir ect to Indirect Narration

1. Interrogative Sentences : Convert the question
format along with the voice. Direct and Indirect Narration is a method of
Yes/No Questions : reporting what someone has said. The meaning
Passive : Was the project completed by her? of the sentence remains unchanged, but the
Active : Did she complete the project? structure and format are altered. This topic is
Wh-Questions : vital in English grammar and is commonly used
Passive : By whom was the book written? in both writing and speaking.
Active : Who wrote the book? Direct Speech : In Direct Speech, the exact words
2. Imperative Sentences : Commands or requests of the speaker are quoted within quotation marks
are converted by making the subject clear. (“ ”).
Passive : Let the door be closed.
Example : He said, “I am happy.”
Active : Close the door.
Passive : You are requested to help me. Indirect Speech : In Indirect Speech, the words of
Active : Please help me. the speaker are reported without using quotation
3. Sentences with Modal Verbs : Use the modal marks. The structure of the sentence changes,
verb directly in the active voice. often requiring changes in pronouns, tense, and
Passive : The problem can be solved by her. other words.
Active : She can solve the problem. Example : He said that he was happy.
Passive : The assignment must be completed
by them. Rules for Transforming Direct to Indirect Speech
Active : They must complete the assignment. 1. Remove Quotation Marks : Replace the
Example quoted speech with ‘that,’ ‘if,’ ‘whether,’ or a
question word.
1. Passive : The novel was read by her.
Example :
Active : She read the novel. Direct : She said, “I like chocolate.”
2. Passive : The roads are being repaired by the Indirect : She said that she liked chocolate.
workers. 2. Change the Pronouns : Adjust pronouns
Active : The workers are repairing the roads. according to the speaker and listener.
3. Passive : The meal has been prepared by the Example :
chef. Direct : He said, “I will help you.”
Active : The chef has prepared the meal. Indirect : He said that he would help me.
4. Passive : The presentation will be given by 3. Change the Tense : If the reporting verb (e.g.,
the manager. said, told) is in the past tense, the verb in the
Active : The manager will give the reported speech changes to a corresponding
presentation. past tense.
5. Passive : Was the thief caught by the police? Example :
Active : Did the police catch the thief? Direct : She said, “I am tired.”
6. Passive : The flowers were watered by the Indirect : She said that she was tired.
gardener. Exception : If the reported speech expresses
Active : The gardener watered the flowers. a universal truth or fact, the tense remains
7. Passive : The books are being arranged by unchanged.
the librarian. Example :
Active : The librarian is arranging the books. Direct : The teacher said, “The sun rises in
8. Passive : The song has been sung by the choir. the east.”
Indirect : The teacher said that the sun rises
Active : The choir has sung the song.
in the east.
9. Passive : The prize will be awarded by the
4. Adjust Time and Place Words : Change
committee.
words indicating time and place to reflect the
Active : The committee will award the prize.
perspective of the reporter.
10. Passive : Was the door locked by you?
Active : Did you lock the door?

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

Direct Speech Indirect Speech Examples :

Direct : He said, “Close the door.”
now then Indirect : He told me to close the door.
today that day Direct : She said, “Please help me.”
tomorrow the next day Indirect : She requested me to help her.
3. Exclamations : For exclamatory sentences,
yesterday the previous day
use words like exclaimed with joy, sorrow,
here there surprise, etc.
this that Examples :
Direct : He said, “Wow! This is amazing.”
these those
Indirect : He exclaimed with joy that it was
amazing.
Tense Changes Table
Direct : She said, “Alas! I failed the exam.”
Direct Speech Indirect Speech Indirect : She exclaimed with sorrow that she
had failed the exam.
Present Simple Past Simple
Example
“I go to school.” He said that he went to
1. Direct : She said, “I will visit the museum
school.
tomorrow.”
Present Continuous Past Continuous Indirect : She said that she would visit the
“I am reading a He said that he was museum the next day.
book.” reading a book. 2. Direct : He asked, “Are you coming with me?”
Indirect : He asked if I was coming with him.
Present Perfect Past Perfect
3. Direct : The manager said, “Complete the
“I have finished my He said that he had report by evening.”
work.” finished his work. Indirect : The manager instructed us to
Past Simple Past Perfect complete the report by evening.
4. Direct : She said, “Alas! I have lost my purse.”
“I ate lunch.” He said that he had
Indirect : She exclaimed with sorrow that she
eaten lunch.
had lost her purse.
Past Continuous Past Perfect 5. Direct : He said, “What a beautiful painting
Continuous this is!”
“I was sleeping.” He said that he had Indirect : He exclaimed with admiration that
been sleeping. it was a beautiful painting.
6. Direct : The child said, “I want a new toy.”
Future Simple Conditional (would) Indirect : The child said that he wanted a
“I will call you.” He said that he would new toy.
call me. 7. Direct : She asked, “When will you return?”
Indirect : She asked when I would return.
Special Rules 8. Direct : He said, “Please help me with this
1. Questions : For interrogative sentences, use task.”
‘if’ or ‘whether’ for Yes/No questions, and Indirect : He requested me to help him with
retain the question word (e.g., what, why, that task.
how) for other questions. 9. Direct : The coach said, “Well done! You
Examples : played very well.”
Direct : She said, “Are you coming?” Indirect : The coach praised us, saying that
Indirect : She asked if I was coming. we had played very well.
Direct : He asked, “What is your name?” 10. Direct : The old man said, “What a terrible
Indirect : He asked what my name was. storm it was last night!”
2. Imperatives : For commands, requests, or Indirect : The old man exclaimed with shock
advice, use ‘to’ + verb. that it had been a terrible storm the previous
night.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 219

Indir ect to Direct Narration Tense Changes Table

Transforming sentences from indirect speech to Indirect Speech Direct Speech

direct speech involves reversing the changes made Past Simple Present Simple
while converting from direct to indirect speech.
The focus shifts back to quoting the speaker’s “He said that he went “He said, ‘I go
exact words within quotation marks. home.” home.’”

Steps to Convert Indirect to Direct Speech Past Continuous Present Continuous

1. Reintroduce Quotation Marks : Add quotation “She said that she was “She said, ‘I am
marks around the exact words of the speaker. reading.” reading.’”
Example : Past Perfect Past Simple
Indirect : He said that he was happy. “He said that he had “He said, ‘I finished
Direct : He said, “I am happy.” finished his work.” my work.’”
2. Adjust Pronouns : Reverse the pronoun Past Perfect Past Continuous
changes based on the context of the speaker Continuous
and listener.
Example : “She said that she had “She said, ‘I was
been sleeping.” sleeping.’”
Indirect : She said that she liked chocolate.
Direct : She said, “I like chocolate.” Conditional (would) Future Simple
3. Restore the Original Tense : Change the verb “He said that he “He said, ‘I will help
tense back to its original form, keeping in would help me.” you.’”
mind the tense rules of direct speech.
Example : Special Cases
Indirect : He said that he was writing a letter. 1. Questions : Restore the question format using
Direct : He said, “I am writing a letter.” the appropriate question words or auxiliary
4. Adjust Time and Place Words : Convert time verbs.
and place words back to their original forms. Yes/No Questions :
Indirect : He asked if I was coming.
Indirect Speech Direct Speech Direct : He asked, “Are you coming?”
then now Wh-Questions :
that day today Indirect : She asked where I was going.
the next day tomorrow Direct : She asked, “Where are you going?”
2. Imperative Sentences : Reintroduce
the previous day yesterday
commands or requests using the appropriate
there here verb.
that this Indirect : The teacher told me to sit down.
Direct : The teacher said, “Sit down.”
those these
Indirect : She requested me to help her.
Direct : She said, “Please help me.”
Example :
Indirect : She said that she would go there 3. Exclamatory Sentences : Reintroduce the
the next day. exclamation and the punctuation mark.
Direct : She said, “I will go here tomorrow.” Indirect : He exclaimed with joy that it was
5. Reintroduce Question or Exclamation Marks a beautiful day.
: Restore the punctuation for questions or Direct : He said, “What a beautiful day it is!”
exclamatory sentences. Indirect : She exclaimed with sorrow that she
Example : had failed the test.
Indirect : He asked if I was coming.
Direct : She said, “Alas! I have failed the
Direct : He asked, “Are you coming?”
test.”

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

Example often includes negative words like not, no, never,

1. Indirect : She said that she loved reading none, nobody, nothing, neither, nor.
books. Example : She is not a good dancer.
Direct : She said, “I love reading books.”
2. Indirect : He asked where I was going. Rules for Conversion
Direct : He asked, “Where are you going?” 1. Add a Negative Word : Use words like not,
3. Indirect : The teacher instructed the students never, no, none, etc. to negate the sentence.
to open their books. Example :
Direct : The teacher said, “Open your books.” Affirmative : He is a kind person.
4. Indirect : She exclaimed with sorrow that she Negative : He is not an unkind person.
had lost her phone. 2. Use Opposite Words : Replace the affirmative
Direct : She said, “Alas! I have lost my word with its antonym and include a negative
phone.” word.
5. Indirect : He said that he could complete the Example :
project on time. Affirmative : She is intelligent.
Direct : He said, “I can complete the project Negative : She is not unintelligent.
on time.” 3. Use “Without” or “No” in Certain Cases
6. Indirect : She asked if I had finished my : For sentences with actions or conditions,
homework. replace positive phrases with their negative
Direct : She asked, “Have you finished your equivalents.
homework?” Example :
7. Indirect : The coach advised us to practice Affirmative : He solved the problem easily.
regularly. Negative : He solved the problem without
Direct : The coach said, “You should practice difficulty.
regularly.” 4. Avoid Double Negatives : Do not use two
8. Indirect : He exclaimed with surprise that the negatives in a sentence, as it makes the
view was breathtaking. meaning positive.
Direct : He said, “Wow! The view is Example :
breathtaking.” Incorrect : He is not unkind. (This actually
9. Indirect : The officer warned them not to means he is kind.)
enter the restricted area. Correct : He is not kind.
Direct : The officer said, “Do not enter the 5. For Universal Truths : Use negative phrases
restricted area.” without altering the universal truth.
10. Indirect : She said that it was raining heavily Example :
outside. Affirmative : The sun rises in the east.
Direct : She said, “It is raining heavily Negative : The sun does not rise in the west.
outside.”
Types of Conversions
1. Simple Sentences
Example :
A ffirmative to Negative Sentences
Affirmative : She speaks the truth.
Negative : She does not tell lies.
Transforming a sentence from affirmative to
2. Sentences with “Always” : Replace “always”
negative involves changing the sentence structure
with “never” and rephrase.
to negate its meaning, without altering the essence
Example :
or the message.
Affirmative : She always helps others.
Affirmative Sentence : An affirmative sentence Negative : She never fails to help others.
states a fact, idea, or action positively, without 3. Sentences with “Too” : Replace “too” with
any negation. “so...that...not.”
Example : She is a good dancer. Example :
Affirmative : He is too tired to walk.
Negative Sentence : A negative sentence states Negative : He is so tired that he cannot walk.
that something is not true or does not happen. It

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 221

4. Sentences with “All” or “Every” : Replace Rules for Conversion

“all” or “every” with “not...any” or “no.” 1. Remove Negation : Replace negative words
Example : like not, never, no with their positive
Affirmative : Everyone liked the movie. equivalents.
Negative : No one disliked the movie. Example :
5. Sentences with “Must” : Convert “must” to Negative : She is not unhappy.
“cannot avoid” or “cannot but.” Affirmative : She is happy.
Example : 2. Use Opposites : Replace negative expressions
Affirmative : You must work hard. with their opposite positive expressions.
Negative : You cannot avoid working hard. Example :
Example Negative : He is not a fool.
1. Affirmative : She is beautiful. Affirmative : He is wise.
Negative : She is not ugly. 3. Use Synonyms : Replace the negative
2. Affirmative : He plays football. structure with a synonym that conveys the
Negative : He does not play football. same meaning.
3. Affirmative : All students passed the test. Example :
Negative : No student failed the test. Negative : He does not lack confidence.
4. Affirmative : She will come to the party. Affirmative : He is confident.
Negative : She will not miss the party. 4. For Universal Truths : Express the positive
5. Affirmative : He is too clever to be fooled. equivalent directly.
Negative : He is so clever that he cannot be Example :
fooled. Negative : The sun does not set in the east.
6. Affirmative : I always respect my elders. Affirmative : The sun sets in the west.
Negative : I never disrespect my elders. 5. For “No” or “None” : Replace “no” or “none”
7. Affirmative : Everyone agreed to the proposal. with words like “some” or equivalent positive
Negative : No one disagreed with the proposal. phrases.
8. Affirmative : She must attend the meeting. Example :
Negative : She cannot avoid attending the Negative : There is no hope.
meeting. Affirmative : There is some hope.
9. Affirmative : The book is interesting. 6. Avoid Double Negatives : If the sentence
Negative : The book is not boring. contains two negatives, transform them into
10. Affirmative : He has a solution to every problem. a single positive statement.
Negative : He does not lack a solution to any Example :
problem. Negative : He is not unkind.
Affirmative : He is kind.

Types of Conversions
N egative to Affirmative Sentences
1. Simple Sentences
Transforming a sentence from negative to Example :
affirmative involves removing negation while Negative : He is not late.
keeping the meaning of the sentence unchanged. Affirmative : He is punctual.
This process improves sentence variety and 2. Sentences with “Never” : Replace “never”
enhances writing clarity. with “always” or an equivalent positive
Negative Sentence : A negative sentence states phrase.
that something is not true, does not happen, or Example :
does not exist. It uses words like not, never, no, Negative : She never tells lies.
none, nobody, nothing, neither, nor, etc. Affirmative : She always tells the truth.
3. Sentences with “No” : Rephrase using
Example : He is not a lazy boy.
positive expressions.
Affirmative Sentence : An affirmative sentence Example :
expresses a positive statement, fact, or idea Negative : There is no one in the room.
without negation. Affirmative : Someone is in the room.
Example : He is a hardworking boy.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

2. Wh-Questions : These begin with question A ssertive to Exclamatory Sentences

words like what, why, where, when, how, etc.
Transforming assertive sentences into exclamatory
Examples :
sentences involves rephrasing a statement to
Interrogative : Why are they late?
express strong emotions like joy, surprise, anger,
Assertive : They are late.
sorrow, or admiration. The meaning of the
Interrogative : Where is your brother? sentence remains the same, but the structure
Assertive : Your brother is here. changes to convey heightened emotion.
3. Negative Interrogative Sentences : These
contain negation (not) in the question. Assertive Sentence : An assertive sentence makes
Examples : a simple declaration, either positive or negative,
Interrogative : Isn’t this a wonderful without strong emotion.
opportunity? Example : She is a very talented singer.
Assertive : This is a wonderful opportunity. Exclamatory Sentence : An exclamatory sentence
Interrogative : Don’t they care about their expresses strong feelings or emotions and ends
work? with an exclamation mark (!).
Assertive : They care about their work. Example : What a talented singer she is!
4. Rhetorical Questions : These are asked for
effect and do not expect an actual answer. Rules for Conversion
Examples : 1. Add Exclamatory Words : Use words like
Interrogative : Who doesn’t want success? what, how, oh, alas, bravo, hurrah, etc. to
Assertive : Everyone wants success. emphasize emotion.
Example :
Interrogative : Can there be any doubt about
Assertive : She is a very intelligent girl.
her honesty?
Exclamatory : What an intelligent girl she is!
Assertive : There is no doubt about her
2. For “Very” or “Truly” : Replace very or truly
honesty.
with what or how to express strong feelings.
Example Example :
1. Interrogative : Are you coming with us? Assertive : It is a very beautiful day.
Assertive : You are coming with us. Exclamatory : What a beautiful day it is!
2. Interrogative : Does she enjoy reading? 3. Adjectives with “How” : Use how for
Assertive : She enjoys reading. sentences with adjectives describing qualities.
3. Interrogative : Who wouldn’t love such a Example :
beautiful view? Assertive : She is extremely kind.
Assertive : Everyone would love such a Exclamatory : How kind she is!
beautiful view. 4. For Negative Sentences : Retain the negative
4. Interrogative : Isn’t this the best solution? meaning while expressing emotions.
Assertive : This is the best solution. Example :
5. Interrogative : What is the reason for his Assertive : It is a pity that he failed.
delay? Exclamatory : Alas! He failed the exam.
Assertive : The reason for his delay is 5. Replace Neutral Words with Stronger Ones :
unknown. For assertive sentences expressing admiration
6. Interrogative : Was the movie interesting? or joy, use exclamatory phrases like hurrah,
Assertive : The movie was interesting. bravo, alas, oh to convey the appropriate
7. Interrogative : Can anyone doubt his ability? emotion.
Assertive : No one can doubt his ability. Example :
8. Interrogative : Why are they so happy? Assertive : We won the match.
Assertive : They are so happy. Exclamatory : Hurrah! We won the match.
6. Rearrange the Word Order : Place the
subject and verb after the exclamatory word
to form the correct structure.
Example :
Assertive : He is a brave soldier.
Exclamatory : What a brave soldier he is!

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 223

Examples : Interrogative Sentence : An interrogative sentence

Assertive : They are late. asks a question and ends with a question mark
Interrogative : Why are they late? (?).
Assertive : Your brother is here. Example : Is she your friend?
Interrogative : Where is your brother? Assertive Sentence : An assertive sentence makes
3. Negative Assertive Sentences : For negative a positive or negative statement. It does not ask a
sentences, retain the negation while converting question but declares a fact or idea.
the statement into a question. Auxiliary verbs
like doesn’t, isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, didn’t, etc., Example : She is your friend.
are used. Rules for Conversion
Examples : 1. Remove the Question Format : Eliminate
Assertive : She does not know the answer. question words (e.g., Is, Are, Do, Does, etc.)
Interrogative : Doesn’t she know the answer? from the beginning and rephrase the sentence
Assertive : He has not completed the task. into a statement.
Interrogative : Hasn’t he completed the task? Example :
4. Rhetorical Statements : Rhetorical statements Interrogative : Is she a good singer?
can be transformed into questions for effect, Assertive : She is a good singer.
especially when expressing universal truths or 2. Rearrange the Subject and Verb : Change
commonly accepted ideas. the word order to follow the typical subject-
Examples : verb-object structure of an assertive sentence.
Assertive : Everyone loves success. Example :
Interrogative : Who doesn’t love success? Interrogative : Are they coming to the party?
Assertive : There is no doubt about her Assertive : They are coming to the party.
honesty. 3. Remove Question Words (if applicable) :
Interrogative : Can there be any doubt about Replace question words like Why, What,
her honesty? When, Where with the information implied
in the question, if needed.
Example Example :
1. Assertive : She is intelligent. Interrogative : Why is he upset?
Interrogative : Is she intelligent? Assertive : He is upset.
2. Assertive : He is not lazy. 4. Handle Negative Interrogative Sentences
Interrogative : Is he not lazy? Carefully : Retain the negative meaning while
3. Assertive : They are going to the park. converting.
Interrogative : Are they going to the park? Example :
4. Assertive : She works hard. Interrogative : Isn’t she a good student?
Interrogative : Does she work hard? Assertive : She is a good student.
5. Assertive : There is no hope left. 5. For Rhetorical Questions : Rewrite rhetorical
Interrogative : Is there no hope left? questions (which do not expect an answer) as
6. Assertive : Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. statements that declare the implied meaning.
Interrogative : Does water boil at 100 degrees Example :
Celsius? Interrogative : Who doesn’t like chocolate?
7. Assertive : She was upset because she lost her Assertive : Everyone likes chocolate.
keys.
Interrogative : Why was she upset? Types of Conversions
1. Yes/No Questions : These begin with auxiliary
verbs like is, are, was, were, do, does, did,
Int errogative to Assertive sentence will, can, etc.
Examples :
Transforming interrogative sentences into
Interrogative : Does she know you?
assertive sentences involves converting questions
Assertive : She knows you.
into statements while keeping the meaning intact.
The sentence structure is altered to make a Interrogative : Was the book interesting?
declaration rather than posing a query. Assertive : The book was interesting.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

Assertive : We are very happy that we have Example :

won the tournament. Assertive : You are requested to submit the
5. Exclamatory : Oh no! I missed the bus. form.
Assertive : I am upset that I missed the bus. Imperative : Please submit the form.
6. Exclamatory : What a brave soldier he is! 4. Negative Sentences : Use do not or never to
Assertive : He is truly a brave soldier. express prohibition or advice.
7. Exclamatory : Bravo! You did a great job. Example :
Assertive : You have done a great job. Assertive : You should not waste your time.
8. Exclamatory : How fast she runs! Imperative : Do not waste your time.
Assertive : She runs very fast. 5. Use “Let” for Suggestions or Permissions :
9. Exclamatory : What an incredible story it is! For assertive sentences giving permission or
Assertive : The story is very incredible. making suggestions, begin the imperative
10. Exclamatory : Oh! The weather is so cold. sentence with let.
Assertive : The weather is very cold. Example :
Assertive : We should allow him to speak.
Imperative : Let him speak.

A ssertive to Imperative Sentences Example

1. Assertive : You should take care of your
An assertive sentence expresses a statement, health.
either positive or negative, while an imperative Imperative : Take care of your health.
sentence gives a command, request, advice, or 2. Assertive : You must not park your car here.
suggestion. Transforming assertive sentences into Imperative : Do not park your car here.
imperative sentences involves restructuring the 3. Assertive : We should listen to the speaker
sentence to directly address the listener. carefully.
Imperative : Let us listen to the speaker
Assertive Sentence : An assertive sentence states
carefully.
a fact, idea, or opinion.
4. Assertive : You are requested to switch off
Example : You should study hard for your exams. your phones.
Imperative Sentence : An imperative sentence Imperative : Please switch off your phones.
expresses a command, request, suggestion, or 5. Assertive : You should work hard to achieve
advice and often begins with the base form of your goals.
the verb. Imperative : Work hard to achieve your goals.
Example : Study hard for your exams. 6. Assertive : You must never lie to your parents.
Imperative : Never lie to your parents.
Rules for Conversion 7. Assertive : You should not waste food.
1. Omit the Subject : Imperative sentences often Imperative : Do not waste food.
have an implied subject (you), so the subject 8. Assertive : We must respect our elders.
is usually omitted. Imperative : Respect your elders.
Example : 9. Assertive : You are advised to read the
Assertive : You should listen to your teacher. instructions carefully.
Imperative : Listen to your teacher. Imperative : Read the instructions carefully.
2. Use the Base Verb : Begin the sentence with 10. Assertive : We should not delay any further.
the base form of the verb to express the action Imperative : Let us not delay any further.
directly.
Example :
Assertive : You must complete your work on Imp erative TO Assertive Sentences
time.
Imperative : Complete your work on time. An imperative sentence gives a command, request,
3. Add Politeness for Requests : Include words advice, or suggestion, while an assertive sentence
like please or kindly to make the imperative states the same meaning in a declarative format.
sentence polite, especially if the assertive Transforming imperative sentences into assertive
sentence conveys a request. sentences requires rephrasing them as statements
while retaining their intent.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 225

Example Assertive Sentence : An assertive sentence makes

1. Assertive : The Taj Mahal is very beautiful. a positive or negative statement in a declarative
Exclamatory : What a beautiful monument tone. It does not convey emotions as strongly as
the Taj Mahal is! an exclamatory sentence and ends with a period
2. Assertive : Shakespeare was a brilliant (.).
playwright. Example : The painting is very beautiful.
Exclamatory : What a brilliant playwright Rules for Conversion
Shakespeare was!
3. Assertive : The teacher praised the student 1. Identify the Emotion : Understand the
for his intelligence. emotion (joy, surprise, sorrow, etc.) expressed
Exclamatory : How intelligent the student is in the exclamatory sentence to rephrase it
to earn such praise from the teacher! meaningfully.
4. Assertive : It is unfortunate that the city was 2. Remove the Exclamatory Words : Replace
struck by a flood. words like what, how, oh, alas, hurray, bravo,
Exclamatory : Alas! The city was struck by etc. with phrases such as very, extremely,
a flood. truly, certainly, unfortunately, or equivalent
5. Assertive : India is a land of diverse cultures. expressions.
Exclamatory : What a land of diverse cultures Example :
India is! Exclamatory : What a beautiful flower it is!
6. Assertive : The soldier’s bravery is highly Assertive : The flower is very beautiful.
commendable. 3. Replace “What” and “How”
Exclamatory : How commendable the soldier’s What : Replace with “very” or “truly.”
bravery is! Example :
7. Assertive : She delivered a remarkable What a clever boy he is! " He is a very clever
performance in the play. boy.
Exclamatory : What a remarkable How : Rephrase to include “very” or
performance she delivered in the play! “extremely.”
8. Assertive : It is heartwarming to see children Example :
helping each other. How kind you are! " You are very kind.
Exclamatory : How heartwarming it is to see 4. Change the Tone of the Sentence : Convert
children helping each other! the exclamation into a statement, adjusting
9. Assertive : The Himalayas are very majestic. the word order if necessary.
Exclamatory : How majestic the Himalayas Example :
are! Exclamatory : Hurray! We won the match.
10. Assertive : He is an inspiring leader for the Assertive : We are very happy that we won
nation. the match.
Exclamatory : What an inspiring leader he is 5. For Sorrow or Regret : Use words like
for the nation! unfortunately, sadly, or it is a pity to express
the emotion in a statement.
Example :
Exclamatory : Alas! He failed the exam.
Exc
lamatory to Assertive Sentences Assertive : It is a pity that he failed the exam.
Example
An exclamatory sentence expresses strong
emotion such as surprise, joy, anger, or sorrow. 1. Exclamatory : What a pleasant surprise it is!
Transforming such sentences into assertive Assertive : It is a very pleasant surprise.
sentences involves removing the exclamatory 2. Exclamatory : How beautiful the scenery is!
format while preserving the meaning and emotion. Assertive : The scenery is very beautiful.
3 Exclamatory : Alas! He lost his wallet.
Exclamatory Sentence : An exclamatory sentence Assertive : It is unfortunate that he lost his
conveys strong emotions and ends with an wallet.
exclamation mark (!). 4. Exclamatory : Hurray! We have won the
Example : What a beautiful painting it is! tournament.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

(c) The house needs to be cleaned thoroughly (iii) (b) It has been one month since my cousins
again. returned home.
(d) The house needed to be thoroughly cleaned The phrase “It has been” appropriately conveys
yet again. the passage of time, and “since” establishes a
(vi) My sister offered me a new job in her company. clear link between the present and the past event
(Begin with : A new job...) of their return. This transformation maintains
(a) A new job was offered to me by my sister in grammatical accuracy and logical meaning.
her company. (iv) (b) Unless your form is submitted on time, it will
(b) A new job has been offered to me by my sister not be accepted.
in her company. The sentence replaces the conditional phrase “if”
(c) A new job had been offered to me by my with “unless” to emphasize the importance of
sister in her company. timely submission. The transformation retains the
(d) A new job was being offered to me by my original meaning while adhering to grammatical
sister in her company. rules for expressing conditions.
(v) (c) The house needs to be cleaned thoroughly
(vii) “I am going to watch my friend’s play tomorrow,” again.
she said. The word “thoroughly” is positioned correctly
(Begin with : She said...) to describe the required action. The passive
(a) She said that she is going to watch her friend’s voice structure aligns with the original meaning,
play tomorrow. ensuring grammatical precision and a clear
(b) She said that she will be going to watch her expression of the sentence.
friend’s play tomorrow. (vi) (a) A new job was offered to me by my sister in
(c) She said that she was going to watch my her company.
friend’s play the following day. The sentence accurately transforms the active
(d) She said that she was going to watch her voice into passive voice, beginning with “A new
friend’s play the following day. job” as instructed. The use of “was offered” in the
(viii) Nithin is more talented than most of the past tense ensures the sentence remains logically
professional musicians I know. and grammatically sound.
(Use : few) (vii) (d) She said that she was going to watch her
(a) Professional musicians I know have few friend’s play the following day.
talents as Nithin. The direct speech is correctly converted into
(b) Few professional musicians I know are as indirect speech. The tense changes from “am
talented as Nithin. going” to “was going”, and “tomorrow” is replaced
(c) Few professional musicians I know are not as with “the following day” to reflect the reported
talented as Nithin. nature of the statement, ensuring grammatical
(d) Professional musicians I know do not have as accuracy.
few talents as Nithin. (viii) (b) Few professional musicians I know are as
Ans talented as Nithin.
The sentence rephrases the comparison using
(i) (d) No sooner had the burglar seen the guard
“few”, retaining the original meaning. It correctly
than he ran away.
highlights that only a few professional musicians
The sentence follows the rule of inversion with
match Nithin’s talent, ensuring logical clarity and
“No sooner”, requiring the past perfect tense (had
grammatical correctness.
seen) for the first action and the simple past tense
(ran) for the second. The conjunction “than” 2. Re-write the following sentences according to the
ensures logical and grammatical accuracy. instructions given after each. Make other changes
(ii) (d) The children have been trained well by their that may be necessary, but do not change the
parents. meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct
The sentence transforms the active voice into option.
passive voice while retaining the present perfect
(i) He said to me, “I don’t believe you.”
tense (“have trained” " “have been trained”).
(Begin with : He said…)
It adheres to the instruction to start with “The
(a) He said he doesn’t want to believe in me.
children”, ensuring grammatical correctness and
(b) He said that he didn’t believe in me.
clarity.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 227

Imperative Sentence : An imperative sentence 4. Imperative : Always speak the truth.

expresses a command, request, advice, suggestion, Assertive : You should always speak the truth.
or instruction. It often begins with the base form 5. Imperative : Let us go for a walk.
of the verb and has an implied subject (you). Assertive : We should go for a walk.
Example : Close the door. 6. Imperative : Do not waste food.
Assertive : You must not waste food.
Assertive Sentence : An assertive sentence makes 7. Imperative : Kindly open the window.
a statement, either positive or negative. Assertive : You are kindly requested to open
Example : You should close the door. the window.
Rules for Conversion 8. Imperative : Work hard to achieve your goals.
Assertive : You must work hard to achieve
1. Use Modal Verbs (Should, Must, Ought to,
your goals.
etc.) : Replace the imperative tone with modal
9. Imperative : Let us celebrate the festival
verbs like should, must, ought to, or requested
together.
to convert the sentence into a statement.
Assertive : We should celebrate the festival
Example :
together.
Imperative : Follow the rules.
10. Imperative : Never lie to your parents.
Assertive : You must follow the rules.
Assertive : You should never lie to your
2. For Requests, Use “Requested to” or “Kindly
parents.
Asked to” : Polite requests are converted
into assertive sentences using requested to or
kindly asked to.
Simp le to Complex Sentences
Example :
Imperative : Please help the poor.
Transforming a simple sentence into a complex
Assertive : You are requested to help the
sentence involves adding a dependent clause
poor.
(subordinate clause) to the sentence. A complex
3. For Negative Imperatives, Use “Should Not”
sentence has one independent clause and one or
or “Must Not” : Replace negative commands
more dependent clauses.
with modal verbs like should not or must not
in the assertive form. Simple Sentence : A simple sentence contains
Example : only one subject and one predicate. It expresses
Imperative : Do not waste your time. a single idea.
Assertive : You should not waste your time. Example : She completed her homework.
4. For Suggestions or Permissions, Use “Let
Complex Sentence : A complex sentence contains
Us” or “We Should” : Use let us or we should
one main clause (independent clause) and one
for imperative sentences giving suggestions or
or more subordinate clauses (dependent clauses)
permissions.
connected by subordinating conjunctions like
Example :
because, although, since, when, while, etc.
Imperative : Let us solve this problem.
Assertive : We should solve this problem. Example : She completed her homework before
5. General Commands : Add the subject (you or she went to bed.
we) to make the statement declarative. Rules for Conversion
Example :
1. Introduce a Subordinating Conjunction :
Imperative : Complete your work.
Add a subordinating conjunction (because,
Assertive : You should complete your work.
since, when, if, although, etc.) to create a
Example dependent clause.
1. Imperative : Respect your elders. Example :
Assertive : You should respect your elders. Simple : She left early.
2. Imperative : Do not talk loudly. Complex : She left because she had an urgent
Assertive : You should not talk loudly. meeting.
3. Imperative : Please submit the assignment. 2. Replace Phrases with Clauses : Transform a
Assertive : You are requested to submit the phrase (group of words without a subject and
assignment. verb) into a subordinate clause.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

4. Sentences with “Too” : Rephrase “not too” Rules for Conversion

with positive phrases. 1. Identify the Helping Verb (Auxiliary Verb):
Example : If the assertive sentence has a helping verb
Negative : He is not too weak to lift the box. (is, are, was, were, has, have, will, can, etc.),
Affirmative : He is strong enough to lift the bring it to the beginning of the sentence.
box. Example :
5. Sentences with “Not Only” : Rephrase using Assertive : He is your friend.
“both” or “as well as.” Interrogative : Is he your friend?
Example : 2. For Sentences Without a Helping Verb : Use
Negative : She is not only intelligent but also Do/Does/Did at the beginning for present or
hardworking. past tense sentences.
Affirmative : She is both intelligent and Example :
hardworking. Assertive : She likes chocolates.
Example Interrogative : Does she like chocolates?
3. Convert Negative Sentences : Maintain the
1. Negative : He does not waste time. negative meaning while transforming.
Affirmative : He makes good use of time. Example :
2. Negative : She is not careless. Assertive : He does not like tea.
Affirmative : She is careful. Interrogative : Does he not like tea?
3. Negative : Nobody came to the party. 4. For Universal Truths or Facts : Use the
Affirmative : Somebody came to the party. auxiliary verb or “Do/Does” while keeping
4. Negative : He never misses his classes. the universal fact intact.
Affirmative : He always attends his classes. Example :
5. Negative : There is no shortage of food. Assertive : The sun sets in the west.
Affirmative : There is enough food. Interrogative : Does the sun set in the west?
6 .Negative : He is not a coward. 5. Add Question Words (If Applicable) : For
Affirmative : He is brave. interrogative sentences with question words
7. Negative : They do not disobey their parents. (what, why, how, when, etc.), rephrase the
Affirmative : They obey their parents. sentence to incorporate them.
8. Negative : She is not unkind. Example :
Affirmative : She is kind. Assertive : She is crying because she is sad.
9. Negative : He does not forget to call his Interrogative : Why is she crying?
mother. 6. Use “Not” Carefully : For negative assertive
Affirmative : He remembers to call his mother. sentences, ensure the interrogative form
10. Negative : The teacher did not fail him. maintains the negation.
Affirmative : The teacher passed him. Example :
Assertive : They are not ready yet.
Interrogative : Are they not ready yet?
A ssertive to Interrogative sentence
Types of Conversions
Transforming assertive sentences (statements) 1. Yes/No Questions : These questions begin
into interrogative sentences involves restructuring with auxiliary verbs like is, are, was, were, do,
a statement into a question. While the sentence’s does, did, will, can, etc. The auxiliary verb
meaning remains the same, the format is altered is moved to the beginning of the sentence to
to seek information or confirmation. create a question.
Assertive Sentence : An assertive sentence is a Examples :
declarative sentence that makes a statement, Assertive : She knows you.
either affirmative or negative. Interrogative : Does she know you?
Example : She is a good dancer. Assertive : The book was interesting.
Interrogative : Was the book interesting?
Interrogative Sentence : An interrogative sentence 2. Wh-Questions : These questions begin with
asks a question, either to gather information or words like what, why, where, when, how, etc.
confirm a fact. It ends with a question mark (?). Add a question word to rephrase the assertive
Example : Is she a good dancer? sentence into a question form.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 229

Simple : The boy winning the race is my Simple : After completing her studies, she got
friend. a job.
4. Use Gerunds for Adverbial Clauses : 9. Complex : He bought a car that was very
Adverbial clauses expressing time, reason, or expensive.
condition can often be replaced by gerunds. Simple : He bought a very expensive car.
Example : 10. Complex : Since it was raining, they canceled
Complex : After she finished her homework, the picnic.
she went out to play. Simple : Due to the rain, they canceled the
Simple : After finishing her homework, she picnic.
went out to play.
5. Replace Conjunctions with Prepositions :
Subordinating conjunctions like because,
since, when, while can be replaced by Simp le to Compound Sentences
prepositions.
Example : Transforming a simple sentence into a compound
Complex : She stayed back since it was sentence involves splitting the sentence into
raining. two or more independent clauses joined by a
Simple : She stayed back due to the rain. coordinating conjunction. A compound sentence
6. Condense Ideas : Combine multiple clauses makes the sentence more elaborate and clear.
into a single thought using precise words or Simple Sentence : A simple sentence contains
phrases. only one subject and one predicate, expressing a
Example : single idea.
Complex : He was angry because his friend
Example : She ran fast to catch the bus.
betrayed him.
Simple : He was angry at his friend’s betrayal. Compound Sentence : A compound sentence
consists of two or more independent clauses joined
Example
by a coordinating conjunction (e.g., and, but, or,
1. Complex : The teacher praised the student nor, so, yet, for).
because he was honest.
Example : She ran fast, and she caught the bus.
Simple : The teacher praised the student for
his honesty. Rules for Conversion
2. Complex : When the bell rang, the students 1. Use Coordinating Conjunctions : Combine
rushed out. two ideas using conjunctions like and, but,
Simple : On the ringing of the bell, the or, nor, so, yet, for to create a compound
students rushed out. sentence.
3. Complex : She stayed at home because she Example :
was sick. Simple : She worked hard to succeed.
Simple : She stayed at home due to sickness.
Compound : She worked hard, and she
4. Complex : He worked hard so that he might
succeeded.
succeed.
2. Split Actions into Two Clauses : Separate two
Simple : He worked hard to succeed.
actions or ideas in the simple sentence into
5. Complex : The book which was written by
two independent clauses.
her is very interesting.
Simple : The book written by her is very Example :
interesting. Simple : He studied well to pass the exam.
6. Complex : Although he is poor, he is happy. Compound : He studied well, and he passed
Simple : Despite his poverty, he is happy. the exam.
7. Complex : If you work hard, you will achieve 3. Replace Phrases with Independent Clauses :
your goals. Turn descriptive phrases into full clauses to
Simple : By working hard, you will achieve form a compound sentence.
your goals. Example :
8. Complex : After she completed her studies, Simple : Despite his hard work, he failed.
she got a job. Compound : He worked hard, but he failed.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

Example : 8. Simple : Without her help, I couldn’t have

Simple : Seeing the rain, he stayed indoors. finished.
Complex : When he saw the rain, he stayed Complex : If she hadn’t helped me, I couldn’t
indoors. have finished.
3. Use Relative Pronouns (who, which, that) : 9. Simple : He confessed his crime.
Add a relative clause to provide additional Complex : He confessed that he had committed
information about a noun. the crime.
Example : 10. Simple : To win the prize, he worked hard.
Simple : She is a writer of great talent. Complex : He worked hard so that he could
Complex : She is a writer who has great win the prize.
talent.
4. Add Adverbial Clauses : Use adverbial clauses
to express time, reason, condition, contrast, Comp lex to Simple Sentences
or manner.
Example : Transforming a complex sentence into a simple
Simple : He worked hard to succeed. sentence involves removing dependent clauses
Complex : He worked hard so that he could and replacing them with phrases or concise
succeed. expressions. The sentence must retain the same
5. Expand Infinitive Phrases into Clauses : meaning while reducing its complexity.
Replace an infinitive phrase with a dependent
Complex Sentence : A complex sentence consists
clause using that or another conjunction.
of one independent clause (main clause) and one
Example :
or more dependent clauses (subordinate clauses)
Simple : He decided to leave.
connected by subordinating conjunctions like
Complex : He decided that he would leave.
because, although, since, when, if, etc.
6. Add Conditional Clauses : Introduce
conditional clauses using if, unless, provided Example : She stayed home because she was
that, etc. unwell.
Example : Simple Sentence : A simple sentence contains
Simple : Work hard to succeed. only one subject and one predicate. It expresses
Complex : If you work hard, you will succeed. a single idea.
Example Example : She stayed home due to illness.
1. Simple : She is too tired to work. Rules for Conversion
Complex : She is so tired that she cannot 1. Replace Subordinate Clauses with Phrases :
work. A dependent clause can often be converted
2. Simple : He ran fast to catch the train. into a phrase using prepositions or participles.
Complex : He ran fast so that he could catch Example :
the train. Complex : He left because he was tired.
3. Simple : She admitted her mistake. Simple : He left due to tiredness.
Complex : She admitted that she had made 2. Use Infinitive Phrases : Dependent clauses
a mistake. indicating purpose can be replaced with
4. Simple : I was surprised at his success. infinitive phrases.
Complex : I was surprised because he Example :
succeeded. Complex : He worked hard so that he could
5. Simple : The boy with a blue shirt is my pass.
friend. Simple : He worked hard to pass.
Complex : The boy who is wearing a blue 3. Convert Relative Clauses into Adjectival
shirt is my friend. Phrases : Relative clauses introduced by who,
6. Simple : On seeing the thief, she screamed. whom, whose, which, or that can be rephrased
Complex : When she saw the thief, she into participial phrases.
screamed. Example :
7. Simple : He is too honest to lie. Complex : The boy who won the race is my
Complex : He is so honest that he cannot lie. friend.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 231

Example Compound Sentence : A compound sentence

1. Compound : He worked hard, and he passed has two or more independent clauses joined by a
the test. coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, so,
Simple : By working hard, he passed the test. for, yet).
2. Compound : She opened the door, and she let Example : She was sick, so she stayed home.
the dog in. Rules for Conversion :
Simple : She opened the door to let the dog
in. 1. Replace Subordinating Conjunctions with
3. Compound : The boy saw a snake, and he ran Coordinating Conjunctions : Subordinating
away. conjunctions like because, although, when, since,
Simple : Seeing a snake, the boy ran away. if, etc. can often be replaced by coordinating
4. Compound : The teacher explained the conjunctions (and, but, so, or, for, yet).
concept, but the students did not understand. Example :
Simple : Despite the teacher explaining the Complex : She stayed home because she was
concept, the students did not understand. sick.
5. Compound : He was ill, so he could not attend Compound : She was sick, so she stayed home.
the meeting. 2. Split Dependent Clauses into Independent
Simple : Being ill, he could not attend the Clauses : Convert the subordinate clause into
meeting. an independent clause and connect it with the
6. Compound : The weather was bad, yet they main clause using a coordinating conjunction.
went for a picnic. Example :
Simple : Despite the bad weather, they went Complex : Although he worked hard, he
for a picnic. failed.
7. Compound : She completed her homework, Compound : He worked hard, but he failed.
and she submitted it on time. 3. Use Coordinating Conjunctions for
Simple : Completing her homework, she Conditions : Subordinate clauses indicating
submitted it on time. conditions can be rephrased using or or and
8. Compound : The dog barked, and the thieves to create a compound sentence.
ran away. Example :
Simple : The thieves ran away at the dog’s Complex : If you study, you will pass the exam.
barking. Compound : Study, or you will fail the exam.
9. Compound : He must work hard, or he will 4. Join with Cause and Effect Conjunctions:
fail. Replace subordinating conjunctions indicating
Simple : He must work hard to avoid failure. reason (because, since) with so or for to show
10. Compound : She sings beautifully, and cause and effect.
everyone admires her. Example :
Simple : She is admired for singing beautifully. Complex : He was late because he missed the
bus.
Compound : He missed the bus, so he was
Comp lex to compound sentences late.
5. Simplify Relative Clauses : Replace relative
A complex sentence can be converted into a clauses (who, which, that) with coordinating
compound sentence by replacing the dependent conjunctions to connect ideas.
clause (subordinate clause) with an independent Example :
clause. This involves restructuring the sentence to Complex : The man who helped us was very
include two or more independent clauses joined kind.
by a coordinating conjunction. Compound : The man helped us, and he was
Complex Sentence : A complex sentence has very kind.
one main (independent) clause and one or more Example
dependent (subordinate) clauses connected by 1. Complex : She stayed home because she was
subordinating conjunctions like because, although, tired.
when, if, since, etc. Compound : She was tired, so she stayed
Example : She stayed home because she was sick. home.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

4. Use Correlative Conjunctions : Use pairs like Compound to simple sentences

not only...but also, either...or, neither...nor
for more sophisticated compound sentences. A compound sentence can be simplified into a
Example : simple sentence by condensing the two or more
Simple : She likes dancing and singing. independent clauses into a single idea. This
Compound : She not only likes dancing but involves using phrases, participles, or infinitives
also likes singing. to express the same meaning more concisely.
5. Use “So” for Caus4e and Effect : Express the Compound Sentence : A compound sentence
effect of an action using so. contains two or more independent clauses joined
Example : by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, so,
Simple : He was tired after running. for, yet, nor).
Compound : He ran, so he was tired.
Example : He worked hard, and he achieved
Example success.
1. Simple : He worked hard to achieve his goal. Simple Sentence : A simple sentence contains
Compound : He worked hard, and he achieved only one subject and one predicate, expressing a
his goal. single thought.
2. Simple : She was ill but attended the meeting.
Example : By working hard, he achieved success.
Compound : She was ill, but she attended the
meeting. Rules for Conversion :
3. Simple : He must hurry to catch the train. 1. Replace Coordinating Conjunctions with
Compound : He must hurry, or he will miss Phrases : Convert the two clauses into
the train. one clause by using participial phrases or
4. Simple : In spite of the rain, they went on the prepositions like by, with, in, for, to, etc.
trip. Example :
Compound : He worked hard, and he achieved
Compound : It was raining, yet they went on
success.
the trip.
Simple : By working hard, he achieved success.
5. Simple : The soldiers fought bravely to defend 2. Use Participles : Replace one of the
their country. independent clauses with a participial phrase.
Compound : The soldiers fought bravely, and Example :
they defended their country. Compound : He saw the thief, and he raised
6. Simple : To avoid punishment, he apologized an alarm.
immediately. Simple : Seeing the thief, he raised an alarm.
Compound : He apologized immediately, for 3. Use Infinitives : Express purpose or intent
he wanted to avoid punishment. using an infinitive phrase.
7. Simple : She practices daily to improve her Example :
skills. Compound : She studied hard, so she could
Compound : She practices daily, so she pass the exam.
improves her skills. Simple : She studied hard to pass the exam.
8. Simple : The teacher praised the student for 4. Condense into a Prepositional Phrase : Use
his honesty. prepositional phrases to combine the clauses
into one concise idea.
Compound : The teacher praised the student,
Example :
for he was honest.
Compound : The sun set, and darkness fell.
9. Simple : Despite being rich, he is humble.
Simple : With the setting of the sun, darkness
Compound : He is rich, but he is humble. fell.
10. Simple : Finish your work to avoid detention. 5. Replace with Adverbs : Use adverbs to
Compound : Finish your work, or you will condense the meaning into a single clause.
face detention. Example :
Compound : He tried many times, but he
failed.
Simple : He failed despite trying many times.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 233

conjunctions like while or when for actions E XERCISE (SOLVED)

happening at the same time.
Example : 1. Choose the correct option to rewrite the following
Compound : She cooked dinner, and he set according to the instructions given after each
the table. sentence
Complex : While she cooked dinner, he set (i) The burglar ran away the moment he saw the
the table. guard.
Example (Begin with : No sooner...)
1. Compound : He was late, so he missed the (a) No sooner has the burglar seen the guard, he
bus. ran away.
(b) No sooner than the burglar saw the guard, he
Complex : He missed the bus because he was
ran away.
late.
(c) No sooner did the burglar see the guard when
2. Compound : The child cried, but she didn’t
he ran away.
complain.
(d) No sooner had the burglar seen the guard
Complex : Although the child cried, she
than he ran away.
didn’t complain.
3. Compound : He studied hard, and he achieved (ii) The parents have trained their children well.
his goal. (Begin with : The children...)
Complex : He achieved his goal because he (a) The children were trained well by their parents.
studied hard. (b) The children is being trained well by their
4. Compound : The train was delayed, so we parents.
waited at the station. (c) The children had been trained well by their
parents.
Complex : We waited at the station because
(d) The children have been trained well by their
the train was delayed.
parents.
5. Compound : Finish your work, or you will
face punishment. (iii) My cousins returned home one month ago.
Complex : If you do not finish your work, you (Begin with : It has...)
will face punishment. (a) It has been one month for my cousins’ return
6. Compound : She was tired, yet she completed to home.
her assignment. (b) It has been one month since my cousins
Complex : Although she was tired, she returned home.
completed her assignment. (c) It has been one month when my cousins
7. Compound : The sun set, and the stars returned home.
appeared. (d) It has been one month ago that my cousins
returned home.
Complex : When the sun set, the stars
appeared. (iv) Your form will be accepted if it is submitted on
8. Compound : He worked hard, but he did not time.
win the prize. (Use : ‘unless’)
Complex : Although he worked hard, he did (a) Your form will be accepted unless it is
not win the prize. submitted on time.
9. Compound : The dog barked, and the thief (b) Unless your form is submitted on time, it will
ran away. not be accepted.
Complex : When the dog barked, the thief (c) Unless the form is accepted, it should be
ran away. submitted on time.
10. Compound : Speak the truth, or you will be (d) Your form will be accepted unless it is not
punished. submitted on time.
Complex : If you do not speak the truth, you (v) The house needs a thorough cleaning again.
will be punished. (Use : thoroughly)
(a) The house needs a thoroughly cleaning again.
(b) The house needed a cleaning thoroughly
again.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

2. Complex : Although it was raining, they went Complex Sentence : A complex sentence consists
for a walk. of one main (independent) clause and one or
Compound : It was raining, but they went more dependent (subordinate) clauses connected
for a walk. by subordinating conjunctions like because,
3. Complex : Since he was ill, he could not although, since, when, if, etc.
attend school. Example : He passed the exam because he studied
Compound : He was ill, so he could not attend hard.
school.
4. Complex : If you hurry, you will catch the Rules for Conversion
train. 1. Replace Coordinating Conjunctions with
Compound : Hurry, or you will miss the train. Subordinating Conjunctions : Substitute
5. Complex : The boy who won the prize is my conjunctions like and, but, or, so with
friend. subordinating conjunctions like because,
Compound : The boy won the prize, and he although, since, if, unless, while, when, etc.
is my friend. Example :
6. Complex : When the bell rang, the students Compound : He worked hard, and he
left the classroom. succeeded.
Compound : The bell rang, and the students Complex : He succeeded because he worked
left the classroom. hard.
7. Complex : Although she was rich, she was not 2. Introduce Subordinate Clauses : Turn one
happy. of the independent clauses into a dependent
Compound : She was rich, but she was not clause.
happy. Example :
8. Complex : He apologized because he made a Compound : The bell rang, and the students
mistake. left the classroom.
Compound : He made a mistake, so he Complex : When the bell rang, the students
apologized. left the classroom.
9. Complex : When the sun set, the stars
3. Express Cause and Effect Using “Because”
appeared.
or “Since” : Replace so or for with because or
Compound : The sun set, and the stars
since to show cause and effect.
appeared.
Example :
10. Complex : If you do not follow the rules, you
Compound : He was tired, so he went to bed
will face consequences.
early.
Compound : Follow the rules, or you will face
Complex : He went to bed early because he
consequences.
was tired.
4. Use “Although” or “Though” for Contrasts
: Replace but or yet with although or though
compound to complex sentences to introduce a subordinate clause expressing
contrast.
Transforming a compound sentence into a Example :
complex sentence involves replacing coordinating Compound : She was unwell, but she attended
conjunctions (e.g., and, but, or, so) with the meeting.
subordinating conjunctions (e.g., because, Complex : Although she was unwell, she
although, since, when, if) to create dependent attended the meeting.
clauses. 5. Use Conditional Clauses : Replace or with if
Compound Sentence : A compound sentence or unless to indicate conditions.
consists of two or more independent clauses Example :
connected by coordinating conjunctions like and, Compound : Work hard, or you will fail.
but, or, so, for, yet, nor. Complex : If you do not work hard, you will
Example : He studied hard, and he passed the fail.
exam. 6. Use “While” or “When” for Simultaneous
Actions : Replace and with subordinating

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 235

(c) He said that he didn’t believe in me. (viii) Jaswant’s grandfather is too old to take up this
(d) He said I don’t believe you. job.
(ii) Some boys were helping the wounded man. (Use : ...so...that...)
(Begin : The wounded…) (a) Jaswant’s grandfather is so old that he could
(a) The wounded man was helping some boys. not take up this job.
(b) The wounded man were helping some boys. (b) Jaswant’s grandfather is so old that he cannot
(c) The wounded man was being helped by some take up this job.
boys. (c) Jaswant’s grandfather is so old that he could
(d) The wounded boys were helping the man. take up this job.
(d) Jaswant’s grandfather is so old that he can
(iii) He is as wise as Solomon. take up this job.
(Use : ‘wiser’)
(a) Solomon was wiser than he is. Ans
(b) He and Solomon are wiser. (i) (c) He said that he didn’t believe in me.
(c) Solomon was the wisest. The sentence correctly converts the direct
(d) Solomon was not wiser than he is. speech “I don’t believe you” into indirect speech,
(iv) If the boys do not reach the school on time, they maintaining tense consistency. The use of “didn’t
will be punished. believe” follows the shift from present to past
(Begin : Unless…) tense as per the rules of reported speech.
(a) Unless the boys reach the school on time, (ii) (c) The wounded man was being helped by some
they will not be punished. boys.
(b) Unless the boys are punished, they will not This sentence correctly transforms the active
reach the school on time. voice into the passive voice. The phrase “some
(c) Unless the school punished the boys, they will boys were helping” becomes “was being helped by
not reach on time. some boys,” ensuring grammatical accuracy and
(d) Unless the boys reach the school on time, preserving the original meaning.
they will be punished. (iii) (a) Solomon was wiser than he is.
The sentence uses “wiser” to compare Solomon
(v) As soon as he reaches home, his friends call him. and the subject, maintaining the correct degree
(Begin : Hardly…) of comparison. It adheres to the rule of forming
(a) Hardly does he reach home when his friends comparative sentences while keeping the tense of
call him. the sentence accurate.
(b) Hardly had he reached home than his friends (iv) (d) Unless the boys reach the school on time, they
called him. will be punished.
(c) Hardly, he reaches home, his friends call him. The sentence uses “unless” to replace the
(d) Hardly when he reaches home than his friends conditional phrase “if they do not” while
call him. maintaining logical clarity. The transformation
(vi) She is weak, but she is courageous. emphasizes the condition for avoiding punishment
(Begin : Despite…) while retaining grammatical correctness.
(a) Despite of being weak, she is courageous. (v) (b) Hardly had he reached home than his friends
(b) Despite being weak, she is courageous. called him.
(c) Despite being courageous, she is not weak. The sentence “Hardly had he reached home than
(d) Despite weak, she is courageous. his friends called him” begins appropriately with
(vii) We will never forget what we saw. “Hardly” and uses the required inverted structure
(Begin : Never...) (had he reached). The past perfect tense (had
(a) Never forget what we see. reached) followed by “than” ensures logical
(b) Never will we forget what we had seen. sequencing and accuracy. This transformation
(c) Never will we see what we forget. conveys the immediacy of the events clearly and
(d) Never will we forget what we saw. adheres to the rules of sentence inversion with
negative adverbs like “Hardly.”
(vi) (b) Despite being weak, she is courageous.
The sentence begins with “Despite” and uses the
gerund “being weak” to transform the original

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

(b) Unless I punish you, you shall not tell me the (vii) (a) Unless you tell me the truth, I shall punish
truth. you.
(c) Unless I punish you, you shall tell me the The sentence uses “Unless” to express negation.
truth. When replacing “if,” the negative clause remains
(d) Unless you tell me the truth, I shall not intact. This transformation ensures logical clarity
punish you. and grammatical correctness.
(viii) In spite of repeated warnings, Anshul paid no (viii) (b) Despite repeated warning, Anshul paid no
heed. heed.
(Use : ‘Despite’) The sentence begins with “Despite” to indicate
(a) Despite paying repeated warnings, Anshul contrast. The transformation avoids the use
does not heed. of unnecessary words and correctly conveys
(b) Despite repeated warning, Anshul paid no the intended meaning with a concise and
heed. grammatically accurate structure.
(c) Despite paying no heed, Anshul has been
repeatedly warned. 5. Re-write the following sentences according to the
(d) Despite of repeated warning Anshul. instructions given after each.
Make other changes that may be necessary, but do
Ans not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose
(i) (c) He has brought us the news. the correct option.
The sentence correctly transforms the passive (i) The dog barked loudly when it saw the stranger.
voice into active voice while maintaining the (Begin : No sooner...)
tense. The use of “has brought” matches the (a) No sooner did the dog bark loudly, it saw the
present perfect tense of the original sentence, stranger.
ensuring grammatical precision and clarity. (b) No sooner the dog barked loudly than it saw
(ii) (b) No sooner had I reached school than the the stranger.
National Anthem began. (c) No sooner did the dog see the stranger than it
The sentence begins with “No sooner” followed barked loudly.
by the auxiliary verb “had” to indicate the past (d) No sooner had the dog barked loudly than it
perfect tense. The use of “than” ensures proper saw the stranger.
comparison and logical sequencing.
(iii) (c) Rajiv is so weak that he cannot walk. (ii) She has completed her assignments.
The affirmative sentence is transformed into (Begin : Her assignments...)
a negative sentence using “so...that” to show (a) Her assignments were completed by her.
inability. This rephrasing preserves the original (b) Her assignments have been completed by her.
meaning and adheres to grammatical rules. (c) Her assignments are completed by her.
(iv) (b) It is not only dangerous but also illegal to ride (d) Her assignments had been completed by her.
a motorcycle without a helmet. (iii) The road was so slippery that the car skidded.
The correlative conjunction “not only...but also” (Begin : The road was too...)
is correctly used to link the two ideas of danger (a) The road was too slippery for the car to skid.
and illegality. The sentence maintains parallel (b) The road was too slippery that the car
structure and clarity. skidded.
(v) (b) Nima would prefer reading a book to watching (c) The road was too slippery for the car to avoid
a movie. skidding.
The structure “prefer...to” is used to express (d) The road was too slippery to skid the car.
preference between two actions. The gerunds (iv) Unless he studies hard, he will not pass the exam.
“reading” and “watching” ensure grammatical (Begin : If...)
accuracy and maintain the intended meaning. (a) If he studies hard, he will not pass the exam.
(vi) (c) He asked them whether they would listen to (b) If he does not study hard, he will not pass the
such a man. exam.
In reported speech, the question in the present (c) If he does not study hard, he will pass the
tense changes to the past tense (“will” " exam.
“would”), and the interrogative sentence becomes (d) If he studies hard, he will pass the exam.
a statement using “whether.”

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 237

(ii) (b) If the train does not arrive on time, we shall (ii) The National Anthem began when I reached
miss the concert. school.
The sentence replaces “unless” with “if”, retaining (Begin : No sooner...)
the negative condition. This transformation (a) No sooner had the National Anthem began
ensures that the meaning is preserved while than I reached school.
following grammatical rules. (b) No sooner had I reached school than the
(iii) (c) In spite of applying many times, he has never National Anthem began.
been selected. (c) No sooner does the National Anthem begin
The sentence uses “In spite of” followed by the than I reached school.
gerund “applying” to show contrast. The original (d) No sooner had I reached school then the
meaning is retained while adhering to grammatical National Anthem began.
correctness. (iii) Rajiv is too weak to walk.
(iv) (b) James is more honest than most other (Begin : Rajiv is so...)
managers. (a) Rajiv is so weak so he cannot walk.
The sentence effectively rephrases the comparative (b) Rajiv is so weak to walk.
degree of honesty while ending with “managers”. (c) Rajiv is so weak that he cannot walk.
It emphasizes James’s honesty and ensures (d) Rajiv is so weak that he can walk.
structural correctness. (iv) It is dangerous, as well as illegal, to ride a
(v) (a) Your offer is acceptable to me. motorcycle without a helmet.
The verb “accept” is converted into the adjective (Begin : It is not...)
“acceptable”, and the sentence maintains the (a) It is not dangerous, but illegal to ride a
original meaning. This transformation follows motorcycle without a helmet.
grammatical rules and ensures clarity. (b) It is not only dangerous but also illegal to
(vi) (d) Hardly does he finish his work, when he starts ride a motorcycle without a helmet.
playing. (c) It is not only dangerous and also illegal to
The sentence uses “Hardly” followed by inversion ride a motorcycle without a helmet.
(does he finish) to indicate immediate action. (d) It is not only dangerous and illegal to ride a
This transformation preserves the meaning while motorcycle without a helmet.
adhering to rules for negative adverbs. (v) Nima would rather read a book than watch a
(vii) (b) A pen was given to me by my father. movie.
The active voice sentence is transformed into (Rewrite using ‘Prefer’)
passive voice, and “was given” correctly reflects (a) Nima would rather prefer the movie to the
the past tense. The meaning remains unchanged, book.
and the transformation is grammatically correct. (b) Nima would prefer reading a book to watching
(viii) (c) Never have I seen Mr. Joe losing his temper. a movie.
(c) Nima would prefer watched a movie to reading
The sentence begins with “Never” and uses
a book.
inversion (have I seen) as required. The gerund
(d) Nima would prefer the book to watching a
“losing” emphasizes the continuous nature of the
movie.
action, ensuring clarity and coherence.
(vi) He said, “Will you listen to such a man?”
(Begin : He asked...)
(a) He asked them to listen to such a man.
4. Read each sentence with its instructions. Choose (b) He asked them would you listen to such a
the correct answer from the options provided man.
beneath each : (c) He asked them whether they would listen to
(i) The news has been brought to us by him. such a man.
(Begin : He...) (d) He asked them not to listen to such a man.
(a) He brought us the news. (vii) If you tell me the truth, I shall not punish you.
(b) He has brought the news to us. (Use : ‘Unless’)
(c) He has brought us the news. (a) Unless you tell me the truth, I shall punish
(d) He bought us the news. you.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

sentence while retaining meaning. The structure (a) In spite of applying many times, he had never
emphasizes the contrast between weakness and been selected.
courage effectively and concisely. (b) In spite applying many times, he has never
(vii) (b) Never will we forget what we had seen. been selected.
The sentence “Never will we forget what we had (c) In spite of applying many times, he has never
seen” correctly starts with “Never” and uses been selected.
inversion (will we forget) as required. The phrase (d) In spite never being selected, he has applied
“what we had seen” emphasizes the memory of a many times.
past event using the past perfect tense, ensuring (iv) Very few managers are as honest as James.
the sentence conveys both the sequence and the (End : …managers)
significance of the experience accurately. This (a) James is more honest than other managers.
transformation adheres to grammatical rules and (b) James is more honest than most other
maintains the intended meaning while enhancing managers.
the focus on the event. (c) James is less honest than many other
(viii) (b) Jaswant’s grandfather is so old that he managers.
cannot take up this job. (d) James is most honest among other managers.
The sentence correctly uses the structure “so...
that” to convey the inability of Jaswant’s (v) I accept your offer.
grandfather to perform the task due to his (Use : acceptable)
age. The transformation maintains clarity and (a) Your offer is acceptable to me.
coherence while aligning with grammatical rules. (b) Your offer was acceptable to me.
(c) Your offer is acceptable.
3. Re-write the following sentences according to the (d) Your acceptable offer came to me.
instructions given after each. Make other changes (vi) As soon as he finishes his work, he starts playing.
that may be necessary, but do not change the (Begin : Hardly…)
meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct (a) Hardly his work is finished, he starts playing.
option. (b) Hardly he finishes his work, he starts playing.
(i) The captain said, “It gives me great pleasure to (c) Hardly he has finished his work and he starts
be here this evening”. playing.
(Begin : The captain…) (d) Hardly does he finish his work, when he starts
(a) The captain said that it was giving him great playing.
pleasure to be there that evening. (vii) My father gave me a pen.
(b) The captain said that it gives me great (Begin : A pen…)
pleasure to be there this evening. (a) A pen had been given to me by my father.
(c) The captain said that it gave him great (b) A pen was given to me by my father.
pleasure to be here this evening. (c) My father was gave me a pen.
(d) The captain said that it gave him great (d) A pen was given by me to my father.
pleasure to be there that evening.
(viii) I have never seen Mr. Joe lose his temper.
(ii) Unless the train arrives on time, we shall miss the (Begin : Never…)
concert. (a) Never I have seen Mr. Joe lose his temper.
(Begin : If…) (b) Never did I see Mr. Joe lose his temper.
(a) If the train arrives on time, we shall miss the (c) Never have I seen Mr. Joe losing his temper.
concert. (d) Never ever did I see Mr. Joe lose his temper.
(b) If the train does not arrive on time, we shall
miss the concert. Ans
(c) If the train arrived on time, we shall miss the (i) (d) The captain said that it gave him great
concert. pleasure to be there that evening.
(d) If the train does not arrive on time, we shall The sentence transforms direct speech into
not miss the concert. indirect speech by adjusting the tense (“gives” "
(iii) He has applied many times. He has never been “gave”) and changing the pronouns appropriately.
selected. “here” becomes “there”, ensuring grammatical
(Begin : In spite…) accuracy and clarity.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 239

(v) “Are you coming to the meeting today?” he asked. (iii) (c) The road was too slippery for the car to avoid
(Begin : He asked...) skidding.
(a) He asked me if I was coming to the meeting The phrase “too...to” replaces “so...that”
that day. effectively, describing the slipperiness of the road.
(b) He asked if I will come to the meeting today. The transformation uses the infinitive “to avoid
(c) He asked if I was coming to the meeting skidding” for clarity, aligning with grammatical
today. norms while maintaining the original meaning of
(d) He asked me whether I am coming to the the sentence.
meeting that day. (iv) (b) If he does not study hard, he will not pass the
(vi) The box is too heavy for me to lift. exam.
(Rewrite using : so...that...) Replacing “unless” with “if” maintains the
(a) The box is so heavy that I cannot lift it. conditional meaning. The sentence highlights the
(b) The box is so heavy that I can lift it. negative condition (not studying) for failing the
(c) The box is so heavy that it cannot be lifted. exam. This transformation ensures logical flow
(d) The box is so heavy for me to lift it. and adherence to grammatical rules.
(v) (a) He asked me if I was coming to the meeting
(vii) He will win the race if he trains regularly. that day.
(Use : unless) The direct question is converted into indirect
(a) Unless he trains regularly, he will win the speech with the required changes : “Are” becomes
race. “was”, and “today” changes to “that day”. The
(b) Unless he wins the race, he will not train transformation ensures grammatical precision
regularly. and coherence.
(c) Unless he trains regularly, he will not win the (vi) (a) The box is so heavy that I cannot lift it.
race. The phrase “so...that” correctly replaces “too...
(d) Unless he does not train regularly, he will win to”, emphasizing the box’s heaviness and
the race. inability to lift it. The transformation maintains
(viii) Despite being poor, she is content with her life. the meaning while ensuring the sentence is
(Begin : Although...) grammatically correct and logically structured.
(a) Although she is poor, but she is content with (vii) (c) Unless he trains regularly, he will not win
her life. the race.
(b) Although she is poor, she is content with her The negative condition is expressed using
life. “unless”, replacing “if”. The sentence retains its
(c) Although she is content, but she is poor in meaning, emphasizing the necessity of regular
life. training for success. This transformation adheres
(d) Although poor, but she is content with her to grammatical accuracy and logical clarity.
life. (viii) (b) Although she is poor, she is content with
her life.
Ans
The sentence begins with “Although” to express
(i) (c) No sooner did the dog see the stranger than it contrast, followed by a clear, direct structure. The
barked loudly. transformation avoids unnecessary conjunctions,
Starting with “No sooner” requires inversion of ensuring coherence and grammatical correctness
the subject and verb (did the dog see) and the while maintaining the original sentiment.
conjunction “than” to connect events. The past
simple tense ensures clarity, sequencing and 6. Re-write the following sentences according to the
grammatical correctness. instructions given after each.
Make other changes that may be necessary, but do
(ii) (b) Her assignments have been completed by her.
not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose
Transforming the sentence into passive voice
the correct option.
retains the present perfect tense by changing “has
completed” to “have been completed”. Starting (i) The thief escaped before the police could catch
with “Her assignments” meets the instruction, him.
ensuring the original meaning is intact and (Begin : No sooner...)
grammatically accurate. (a) No sooner did the thief escape than the police
could catch him.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

(b) No sooner had the thief escaped than the (c) The task was so difficult that it could not be
police could catch him. completed.
(c) No sooner did the thief escape when the (d) The task was so difficult for him to complete
police caught him. it.
(d) No sooner had the thief escaped than the (vii) He will miss the train if he does not leave now.
police arrived. (Use : unless)
(ii) The students will complete the project by (a) Unless he does not leave now, he will miss the
tomorrow. train.
(Begin : The project...) (b) Unless he leaves now, he will not miss the
(a) The project will have been completed by the train.
students tomorrow. (c) Unless he leaves now, he will miss the train.
(b) The project will have completed by the (d) Unless he does leave now, he will miss the
students tomorrow. train.
(c) The project will be completed by the students (viii) Despite his injury, he continued playing.
by tomorrow. (Begin : Although...)
(d) The project was completed by the students (a) Although he was injured, but he continued
by tomorrow. playing.
(iii) The news was so shocking that everyone was (b) Although he was injured, he continued
speechless. playing.
(Begin : The news was too...) (c) Although he continued playing, but he was
(a) The news was too shocking that everyone was injured.
speechless. (d) Although injured, but he continued playing.
(b) The news was too shocking for everyone to
Ans
say anything.
(c) The news was too shocking that nobody could (i) (b) No sooner had the thief escaped than the
speak. police could catch him.
(d) The news was too shocking to remain The sentence starts with “No sooner”, requiring
speechless. inversion of the auxiliary verb and subject (had
the thief escaped) and the conjunction “than”
(iv) Unless you work hard, you cannot succeed.
to link events. The past perfect tense ensures
(Begin : If...)
grammatical accuracy and proper sequencing.
(a) If you do not work hard, you cannot succeed.
(ii) (c) The project will be completed by the students
(b) If you work hard, you cannot succeed.
by tomorrow.
(c) If you do not work hard, you can succeed.
The sentence transforms into passive voice while
(d) If you work hard, you can succeed.
retaining the future tense. The phrase “will be
(v) “Did you complete your homework?” the teacher completed” maintains grammatical accuracy and
asked. ensures the original meaning is conveyed clearly.
(Begin : The teacher asked...) (iii) (b) The news was too shocking for everyone to say
(a) The teacher asked me if I completed my anything.
homework. The phrase “too...to” replaces “so...that” to
(b) The teacher asked me if I had completed my emphasize the shocking nature of the news.
homework. The transformation uses “to say anything” as a
(c) The teacher asked me if I have completed my precise way of describing the response, adhering
homework. to grammatical norms.
(d) The teacher asked me whether I complete my (iv) (a) If you do not work hard, you cannot succeed.
homework. Replacing “unless” with “if” maintains the
(vi) The task was too difficult for him to complete. conditional structure. The negative clause “do
(Rewrite using : so...that...) not work hard” aligns with the intended meaning
(a) The task was so difficult that he could not and ensures logical and grammatical clarity.
complete it. (v) (b) The teacher asked me if I had completed my
(b) The task was so difficult that he could homework.
complete it. In reported speech, the verb tense changes from
“did” to “had completed” to reflect past perfect.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 241

The transformation uses “if” to introduce the (b) The food was too spicy so we could not eat it.
question, ensuring grammatical precision and (c) The food was too spicy and we could not eat
clarity. it.
(vi) (a) The task was so difficult that he could not (d) The food was too spicy to eat it.
complete it. (iv) If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.
The sentence uses “so...that” to replace “too...to”, (Use : Unless...)
emphasizing the task’s difficulty and the resulting (a) Unless you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus.
inability to complete it. The transformation (b) Unless you hurry, you will not miss the bus.
maintains the intended meaning while ensuring (c) Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus.
grammatical correctness. (d) Unless you do not hurry, you cannot miss the
(vii) (c) Unless he leaves now, he will miss the train. bus.
The sentence uses “unless” to express a negative
condition. The transformation clearly states the (v) “Did you see the movie last night?” he asked me.
necessity of leaving immediately to avoid missing (Begin : He asked me...)
the train, ensuring logical flow and grammatical (a) He asked me if I have seen the movie last
accuracy. night.
(viii) (b) Although he was injured, he continued (b) He asked me if I had seen the movie last
playing. night.
The sentence starts with “Although” to show (c) He asked me did I see the movie last night.
contrast and omits unnecessary conjunctions (d) He asked me whether I saw the movie last
like “but”. The transformation ensures clarity, night.
coherence, and grammatical precision while (vi) The homework was too difficult for the children
retaining the original meaning. to complete.
(Rewrite using : so...that...)
7. Re-write the following sentences according to the (a) The homework was so difficult that the
instructions given after each. Make other changes children could not complete it.
that may be necessary, but do not change the (b) The homework was so difficult that the
meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct children completed it.
option. (c) The homework was so difficult for the children
(i) The train left before we reached the station. to complete it.
(Begin : No sooner...) (d) The homework was so difficult that it could
(a) No sooner did the train leave than we reached not be completed.
the station.
(b) No sooner had the train left than we reached
the station.
(vii) He speaks too fast for us to understand.
(c) No sooner had we reached the station than
(Begin : He speaks so...)
the train left.
(a) He speaks so fast for us to understand.
(d) No sooner did we reach the station than the
(b) He speaks so fast that we cannot understand
train left.
him.
(ii) The team has won the championship this year. (c) He speaks so fast that we could not understand
(Begin : The championship...) him.
(a) The championship was won by the team this (d) He speaks so fast for us to have understood.
year.
(viii) Despite his hard work, he failed to win the race.
(b) The championship has been won by the team
(Begin : Although...)
this year.
(a) Although he worked hard, he failed to win the
(c) The championship is won by the team this
race.
year.
(b) Although he worked hard, but he failed to
(d) The championship had been won by the team
win the race.
this year.
(c) Although he was hard-working, but he failed
(iii) The food was so spicy that we couldn’t eat it. to win the race.
(Begin : The food was too...) (d) Although he worked hard, he could not win
(a) The food was too spicy for us to eat. the race.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

(vii) Father told Sunil that he could help him with his connect the two actions. This transformation
homework. emphasizes the immediate celebration following
The direct speech is converted to indirect speech. the match.
“Said to” becomes “told,” and the pronouns (iii) Never have I been on a more exciting trip than
are adjusted appropriately (“I” to “he”). This this.
transformation ensures grammatical accuracy and Starting with “Never” highlights the speaker’s
clarity. strong opinion, followed by inversion (have I been)
(viii) There are more than a thousand students in to maintain proper grammar. The transformation
Naresh’s school. uses a comparative structure while retaining the
The sentence begins with “There are,” shifting original sentiment.
the focus to the number of students. The phrase (iv) Unless you complete the work on time, you will
“more than a thousand” emphasizes the large face a penalty.
population, maintaining grammatical accuracy The conditional “If” is replaced with “Unless”
and the original sentiment. to express the condition in negative form.
This transformation effectively emphasizes
19. Re-write the following sentences according to the the importance of timely completion while
instructions given after each. Make other changes maintaining clarity.
that may be necessary, but do not change the (v) The train was too late for us to attend the first
meaning of each sentence. session of the seminar.
(i) Rahul could not attend the meeting because he The sentence replaces “so...that” with “too...
was unwell. to,” maintaining the original cause-and-effect
(Begin : Being…) relationship. The transformation emphasizes the
(ii) As soon as the match ended, the players celebrated train’s delay and its consequences clearly and
on the field. concisely.
(Begin : No sooner…) (vi) He is so honest that he cannot accept a bribe.
(iii) This is the most exciting trip I have ever been on. The sentence replaces “too...to” with “so...that,”
(Begin : Never…) emphasizing the man’s honesty and its implications.
The transformation retains the original meaning
(iv) If you do not complete the work on time, you will while ensuring grammatical accuracy.
face a penalty. (vii) She asked me if I would help her carry that box
(Begin : Unless…) upstairs.
(v) The train arrived late, so we missed the first The direct question is converted into indirect
session of the seminar. speech. The auxiliary verb “will” changes to
(Rewrite using ‘too’) “would,” and the pronouns are adjusted for
(vi) He is too honest to accept a bribe. grammatical correctness. This transformation
(Rewrite using ‘so...that’) ensures clarity and preserves the original meaning.
(viii) The plants were watered by the gardener every
(vii) “Will you help me carry this box upstairs?” she
morning.
asked me.
The sentence shifts from active to passive
(Begin : She asked me…)
voice. The focus changes to the plants, ensuring
(viii) The gardener watered the plants every morning. grammatical accuracy and maintaining the
(Begin : The plants…) original intent of the sentence while following the
Ans rules of passive construction.
(i) Being unwell, Rahul could not attend the meeting. 20. Re-write the following sentences according to the
The sentence begins with “Being,” converting instructions given after each.
the reason into a participial phrase. This Make other changes that may be necessary, but
transformation emphasizes Rahul’s health as the do not change the meaning of each sentence.
cause of his absence while maintaining grammatical
correctness and the intended meaning. (i) I was so tired that I could not stay awake.
(ii) No sooner had the match ended than the players (Begin : I was too...)
celebrated on the field. (ii) As soon as the teacher entered the classroom, the
The sentence begins with “No sooner,” requiring students stood up.
inversion (had the match ended) and “than” to (Begin : No sooner...)

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 243

(b) Although she was injured, but she participated (vi) (d) Although she had injuries, she participated in
in the competition. the competition.
(c) Although she had injuries, but she participated The sentence uses “Although” to indicate contrast.
in the competition. It avoids unnecessary conjunctions like “but”,
(d) Although she had injuries, she participated in ensuring grammatical correctness while retaining
the competition. the intended meaning of her perseverance despite
(vii) He is as tall as his elder brother. being injured.
(Use : taller) (vii) (c) His elder brother is not taller than he is.
(a) His elder brother is taller than he is. The comparative degree (taller) is used to
(b) He is taller than his elder brother. indicate that both individuals are of equal height.
(c) His elder brother is not taller than he is. The transformation follows the instruction to use
(d) He is not taller than his elder brother. “taller” while ensuring grammatical precision and
logical clarity.
(viii) The mountain is so high that no one can climb (viii) (b) The mountain is too high for anyone to
it. climb.
(Rewrite using : too...to...) The sentence uses “too...to” to replace “so...
(a) The mountain is too high to climb by anyone. that”, emphasizing the impossibility of climbing
(b) The mountain is too high for anyone to climb. the mountain. The phrase “for anyone” ensures
(c) The mountain is too high for no one to climb. clarity while maintaining the original meaning of
(d) The mountain is too high to climb it. the sentence.
Ans 9. Re-write the following sentences according to the
(i) (a) The project was completed by the students instructions given after each. Make other changes
before the deadline. that may be necessary, but do not change the
The active voice sentence is transformed into meaning of each sentence. Choose the correct option.
passive voice while maintaining the past tense. (i) The children are decorating the hall for the event.
The subject and object are swapped, and “was (Begin : The hall...)
completed” ensures grammatical correctness and (a) The hall was decorated by the children for the
adherence to the instruction. event.
(ii) (d) No sooner had the bell rung than the class (b) The hall is being decorated by the children
dispersed. for the event.
The sentence begins with “No sooner”, requiring (c) The hall has been decorated by the children
inversion with “had” and the past perfect tense for the event.
(rung). The conjunction “than” connects the two (d) The hall is decorated by the children for the
actions in proper sequence, ensuring clarity and event.
accuracy.
(ii) As soon as the match ended, the crowd cheered
(iii) (a) The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
loudly.
The sentence uses “so...that” to replace “too...
(Begin : No sooner...)
to”, emphasizing the heat of the tea as a barrier
(a) No sooner did the match end than the crowd
to drinking it. The transformation maintains
cheered loudly.
the original meaning with correct grammatical
(b) No sooner does the match end than the crowd
structure.
cheered loudly.
(iv) (c) Unless you study hard, you will not succeed.
(c) No sooner had the match ended than the
The sentence replaces “if” with “unless” to
crowd cheered loudly.
express a negative condition. This transformation
(d) No sooner had the crowd cheered loudly than
maintains the original meaning while following
the match ended.
the grammatical rules for conditional sentences.
(v) (b) He said that he had completed his homework. (iii) The cake is too sweet for me to eat.
The sentence transforms direct speech into indirect (Rewrite using : so...that...)
speech, changing the tense from “have completed” (a) The cake is so sweet that I cannot eat it.
to “had completed” to align with the rules of (b) The cake is so sweet that I could not eat it.
reported speech. The transformation ensures (c) The cake is so sweet that I may not eat it.
grammatical accuracy and logical coherence. (d) The cake is so sweet that no one can eat it.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

(iv) You will fail the exam if you do not work hard. tense (ended). The use of “than” links the two
(Begin : Unless...) actions in correct sequence, ensuring logical and
(a) Unless you work hard, you will fail the exam. grammatical accuracy.
(b) Unless you do not work hard, you will fail the (iii) (a) The cake is so sweet that I cannot eat it.
exam. The transformation replaces “too...to” with “so...
(c) Unless you work hard, you will not fail the that”, emphasizing the excessive sweetness as the
exam. reason for being unable to eat it. The sentence
(d) Unless you work hard, you would fail the maintains logical flow and grammatical precision.
exam. (iv) (a) Unless you work hard, you will fail the exam.
(v) He said, “I will help you tomorrow.” The conditional sentence uses “Unless” to replace
(Begin : He said that...) “if not”, making the negative condition explicit.
(a) He said that he will help me tomorrow. This transformation retains the original meaning
(b) He said that he would help me the next day. while ensuring grammatical accuracy.
(c) He said that he helped me tomorrow. (v) (b) He said that he would help me the next day.
(d) He said that he would help me yesterday. The direct speech is transformed into indirect
speech. The tense changes from “will” to “would”,
(vi) Despite the rain, the match continued. and “tomorrow” is replaced with “the next day”
(Begin : Although...) to reflect reported speech rules, maintaining
(a) Although it was raining, the match continued. clarity and correctness.
(b) Although it rained, but the match continued. (vi) (a) Although it was raining, the match continued.
(c) Although it rained, the match continued. The sentence uses “Although” to indicate
(d) Although it was raining, but the match contrast. The transformation avoids unnecessary
continued. conjunctions like “but”, ensuring grammatical
(vii) John is as brave as his brother. precision and preserving the original meaning.
(Use : braver) (vii) (c) John’s brother is not braver than he is.
(a) John is braver than his brother. The sentence uses “braver” to compare the
(b) John’s brother is braver than he is. bravery of John and his brother. The negative
(c) John’s brother is not braver than he is. structure emphasizes their equal level of
(d) John is not braver than his brother. bravery, maintaining the sentence’s logical and
grammatical accuracy.
(viii) The house was so beautiful that everyone
(viii) (d) The house was too beautiful for anyone to
admired it.
ignore.
(Rewrite using : too...to...)
The transformation uses “too...to” to replace
(a) The house was too beautiful for everyone to
“so...that”, emphasizing the overwhelming beauty
admire.
of the house. The phrase “for anyone to ignore”
(b) The house was too beautiful to admire by
retains the original meaning while ensuring
everyone.
grammatical correctness.
(c) The house was too beautiful for anyone to not
admire. 10. Re-write the following sentences according to the
(d) The house was too beautiful for anyone to instructions given after each.
ignore. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do
Ans not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose
the correct option.
(i) (b) The hall is being decorated by the children for
the event. (i) This problem is too complex for me to solve.
The sentence transforms the active voice into (Rewrite using : so...that...)
passive voice while retaining the present continuous (a) This problem is so complex that I cannot
tense (is decorating " is being decorated). The solve it.
object “hall” becomes the subject, ensuring (b) This problem is so complex that I can solve
grammatical accuracy and clarity. it.
(ii) (c) No sooner had the match ended than the (c) This problem is so complex that I might solve
crowd cheered loudly. it.
The sentence starts with “No sooner”, requiring (d) This problem is so complex that it cannot be
inversion with “had” and the past perfect solved.

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(ii) They finished the work on time. (b) I am faster than my brother.
(Begin : The work...) (c) My brother is not faster than I am.
(a) The work was finished on time by them. (d) I am not faster than my brother.
(b) The work is being finished on time by them.
Ans
(c) The work is finished on time by them.
(d) The work had been finished on time by them. (i) (a) This problem is so complex that I cannot solve
it.
(iii) “Do you understand the rules?” she asked me.
The phrase “too...to” is replaced with “so...that”,
(Begin : She asked me...)
emphasizing the difficulty of the problem. The
(a) She asked me whether I understood the rules.
transformation logically conveys the inability to
(b) She asked me if I will understand the rules.
solve it. The structure adheres to grammatical
(c) She asked me if I am understanding the rules.
rules while ensuring clarity and meaning.
(d) She asked me whether I understand the rules.
(ii) (a) The work was finished on time by them.
(iv) As soon as the show began, the audience clapped The sentence transforms from active to passive
enthusiastically. voice, where the subject becomes the object. The
(Begin : No sooner...) past tense “was finished” reflects the completed
(a) No sooner had the show begun than the action accurately. This rephrasing ensures the
audience clapped enthusiastically. same meaning while adhering to grammatical
(b) No sooner the show had begun than the standards.
audience clapped enthusiastically. (iii) (a) She asked me whether I understood the rules.
(c) No sooner does the show begin than the The direct question is converted into indirect
audience clapped enthusiastically. speech. The present tense “do you understand”
(d) No sooner did the audience clap than the changes to past tense “understood” as per the
show began. rules of reported speech. The interrogative
(v) The view from the hill was so beautiful that sentence is appropriately restructured for clarity
everyone admired it. and correctness.
(Rewrite using : too...to...) (iv) (a) No sooner had the show begun than the
(a) The view from the hill was too beautiful for audience clapped enthusiastically.
everyone to admire. Sentences starting with “No sooner” require an
(b) The view from the hill was too beautiful for inverted structure with “had” followed by the
anyone to ignore. past perfect tense. The conjunction “than” is
(c) The view from the hill was too beautiful to used for proper sequence. The sentence adheres
admire. to rules and maintains logical flow.
(d) The view from the hill was too beautiful to (v) (b) The view from the hill was too beautiful for
look at. anyone to ignore.
The phrase “so...that” is replaced with “too...to,”
(vi) In spite of his illness, he attended the meeting. emphasizing the breathtaking beauty of the view.
(Begin : Although...) The transformation ensures coherence, logical
(a) Although he was ill, he attended the meeting. clarity, and grammatical precision, accurately
(b) Although he was ill, yet he attended the reflecting the admiration expressed in the original
meeting. sentence.
(c) Although he attended the meeting, he was ill. (vi) (a) Although he was ill, he attended the meeting.
(d) Although he was ill, but he attended the meeting. The sentence begins with “Although” to highlight
(vii) You cannot succeed if you do not work hard. contrast. The transformation avoids unnecessary
(Begin : Unless...) conjunctions like “but” while maintaining the
(a) Unless you do not work hard, you cannot meaning. It emphasizes determination and clarity,
succeed. adhering to grammatical correctness.
(b) Unless you work hard, you cannot succeed. (vii) (b) Unless you work hard, you cannot succeed.
(c) Unless you work hard, you will succeed. The sentence uses “Unless” to replace the
(d) Unless you work hard, you would not succeed. conditional “if not.” This structure emphasizes
(viii) I am as fast as my brother. the need for hard work as a prerequisite for
(Use : faster) success. The transformation ensures the condition
(a) My brother is faster than I am. is clear and grammatically accurate.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

(viii) (c) My brother is not faster than I am. (iii) No sooner does the teacher enter than she is
The comparative degree “faster” emphasizes greeted by her students.
equality in speed between the two. The The sentence begins with “No sooner” followed
transformation retains the original meaning while by the auxiliary verb “does” to match the present
adhering to rules of comparison and ensuring tense. The phrase “than” is used to connect the
grammatical precision. two actions, ensuring proper sequencing and
coherence.
11. Re-write the following sentences according to the (iv) She is too busy to entertain her friends.
instructions given after each. Make other changes The sentence replaces “so...that” with “too...
that may be necessary, but do not change the to” while retaining the original meaning. This
meaning of each sentence. transformation emphasizes her busyness in a
concise and grammatically correct manner.
(i) The Librarian orders books for the school library
(v) Despite the very hot weather, Kevin stepped out
every year.
to buy some bread.
(Begin : Books...)
The sentence begins with “Despite” and eliminates
(ii) No one will deny that the children have worked the use of “In spite of.” This transformation
very hard this year. maintains clarity and conveys the contrast
(Begin : Everyone...) between the hot weather and Kevin’s action.
(iii) As soon as the teacher enters, she is greeted by (vi) Unless Sheela goes for the auditions, she will not
her students. be selected for the competition.
(Begin : No sooner...) The conditional statement is transformed using
“Unless” to replace “only if.” The meaning is
(iv) She is so busy that she finds no time to entertain
preserved, and the transformation emphasizes the
her friends.
condition for her selection.
(Rewrite using ‘too’)
(vii) I prefer eating fruit to eating a lot of unhealthy
(v) In spite of the very hot weather, Kevin stepped junk food.
out to buy some bread. The sentence uses “prefer...to” to express
(Begin : Despite...) preference. Both actions are expressed using
(vi) Sheela will be selected for the competition only if gerunds (“eating fruit” and “eating junk food”)
she goes for the auditions. to maintain grammatical accuracy and clarity.
(Begin : Unless...) (viii) They cut down the tree ruthlessly.
The passive voice is transformed into active voice.
(vii) I would rather eat fruit than a lot of unhealthy The subject “They” is introduced, and the verb
junk food. “cut down” is correctly used in its active form
(Begin : I prefer...) while preserving the original meaning.
(viii) The tree was cut down ruthlessly.
(Begin : They...) 12. Re-write the following sentences according to the
instructions given after each. Make other changes
Ans that may be necessary, but do not change the
(i) Books are ordered by the Librarian for the school meaning of each sentence.
library every year. (i) The old woman said to Arun, “Can you help me
The sentence is transformed from active to passive to cross the street?”
voice. The subject “The Librarian” becomes the (Begin : The old woman asked Arun...)
agent, and “Books” is used as the subject in the
passive voice, maintaining grammatical accuracy (ii) As soon as the sun rose over the hills, the fog
and clarity. disappeared.
(ii) Everyone will agree that the children have worked (Begin : No sooner...)
very hard this year. (iii) It rained so heavily that they could not go for the
The affirmative transformation of the negative picnic.
statement uses “Everyone will agree” instead (Re-write : Using ‘too...to’)
of “No one will deny.” This ensures that the
(iv) If your friends get here before 7 o’clock, we can
meaning remains unchanged while adhering to
take them out for dinner.
grammatical rules.
(Re-write : Using ‘unless’)

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(v) The school captain was elected by the students of (viii) Arun was asked by his mother for an explanation
classes XI and XII. of the missing buttons on his shirt.
(Begin : The students...) The sentence replaces “to explain” with “for an
(vi) Greenland is the largest island in the world. explanation of” while retaining the passive voice.
(Re-write : Using ‘larger’) This transformation ensures logical flow and
precision in conveying the request.
(vii) How cruel Shylock was to demand his pound of
flesh! 13. Re-write the following sentences according to the
(Begin : It was cruel...) instructions given after each. Make other changes
(viii) Arun was asked by his mother to explain the that may be necessary, but do not change the
missing buttons on his shirt. meaning of each sentence.
(Re-write : Using ‘explanation’) (i) “Will you lend me the book tomorrow?” Priya
Ans asked her classmate.
(Begin : Priya asked her classmate if…)
(i) The old woman asked Arun if he could help her to
cross the street. (ii) The teacher scolded him for coming late.
The direct speech is transformed into indirect (Begin : He…)
speech. “Can you” becomes “if he could”, and (iii) It was so hot that the P.T. period could not be
the pronouns are adjusted appropriately while held.
maintaining clarity and the original meaning. (Begin : It was too…)
(ii) No sooner had the sun risen over the hills than
(iv) As soon as her song was over, I knew that she had
the fog disappeared.
won the competition.
The sentence begins with “No sooner”, followed
(Begin : No sooner…)
by the auxiliary verb “had” to indicate past
perfect tense. “Than” is used to connect the two (v) Our school sent up the best exhibit to the Town
actions logically and grammatically. Hall.
(iii) It rained too heavily for them to go for the picnic. (Re-write using : ‘better’)
The phrase “so...that” is replaced with “too... (vi) Visitors under eighteen were not allowed into the
to” while maintaining the original meaning. This hall.
transformation emphasizes the intensity of the (Begin : Only visitors…)
rain and its impact on the picnic plans.
(vii) As soon as the bell rang, the children ran out.
(iv) Unless your friends get here before 7 o’clock, we
(Begin : No sooner…)
cannot take them out for dinner.
The conditional sentence uses “unless” to (viii) They were asked to combine all their ideas into
replace “if” and retains the negative clause. This one document.
transformation ensures logical consistency and (Re-write using : ‘combination’)
grammatical accuracy. Ans
(v) The students of classes XI and XII elected the (i) Priya asked her classmate if she would lend her
school captain. the book for the following day.
The sentence is transformed from passive to The sentence transforms direct speech into
active voice. “The students of classes XI and indirect speech. “Will” becomes “would”, and
XII” becomes the subject, and “elected” correctly “tomorrow” changes to “the following day.”
represents the verb in its active form. Pronouns are adjusted to maintain clarity and
(vi) No island in the world is larger than Greenland. grammatical accuracy.
The sentence is rephrased to emphasize the (ii) He was scolded by the teacher for coming late.
comparison using “larger.” This transformation The active voice is transformed into passive voice.
retains the original meaning while maintaining The subject “The teacher” becomes the agent,
proper structure and clarity. while “He” becomes the subject of the passive
(vii) It was cruel of Shylock to demand his pound of sentence, retaining the original meaning.
flesh. (iii) It was too hot for the P.T. period to be held.
The exclamatory sentence is transformed into a The phrase “so...that” is replaced with “too...
statement using “It was cruel of...” to highlight to” while preserving the original meaning. This
the inhumane action of Shylock. This rephrasing transformation emphasizes the intensity of the
ensures clarity and grammatical correctness. heat and its effect on the P.T. period.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

of the original sentence while maintaining its (iv) The cake was so delicious that everyone wanted a
meaning. “Too...to” expresses an inability due to second slice.
a limitation. (Begin : The cake was too…)
(ii) (b) did the teacher arrive than the students (a) delicious to resist a second slice.
submitted their assignments. (b) delicious for anyone to resist another slice.
The correct use of “No sooner...than” is (c) sweet that it could not be resisted.
demonstrated here. The inversion of “did the (d) tasty for everyone to have one piece only.
teacher arrive” aligns with the grammar rule for
Ans
such sentences, indicating an immediate sequence
of events. (i) (a) fast for anyone to catch up with him.
(iii) (a) you practice regularly, you won’t improve your The phrase “too fast for anyone to catch up with
skills. him” emphasizes that his speed made it impossible
“Unless” is appropriately used to show the for others to reach him. This rephrasing accurately
condition required for improvement. The sentence maintains the original meaning while using the
maintains the intended meaning while using “too...for” structure.
correct grammatical structure. (ii) (c) did we reach the stop than the bus left.
(iv) (b) dark that we could not see anything. The sentence correctly uses “No sooner...than”
“The room was so dark that we could not see with the inverted structure “did we reach.” This
anything” accurately conveys the original conveys the immediacy of the bus leaving upon
sentence’s meaning, using “so...that” to emphasize their arrival, aligning with the original sentence’s
the extent of darkness preventing visibility. intent.
(iii) (c) you follow the safety rules, you will not get
injured.
“Unless” is used to show the condition required
to avoid injury. The rephrased sentence keeps the
22. Re-write the following sentences according to the
intended meaning intact, making it clear that
instructions given after each.
following the rules ensures safety.
Choose the correct option that best completes the
(iv) (b) delicious for anyone to resist another slice.
sentence.
The sentence employs the “too...to” structure to
(i) He ran so fast that he reached the finish line first. convey the irresistible nature of the cake. This
(Begin : He ran too…) maintains the meaning that its deliciousness made
(a) fast for anyone to catch up with him. it difficult for anyone to avoid a second slice.
(b) fast so he reached the finish line.
(c) quickly to win the race first. 23. Re-write the following sentences according to the
(d) fast that he finished first in the race. instructions given after each.
Choose the correct option that best completes the
(ii) The bus left as soon as we reached the stop.
sentence.
(Begin : No sooner…)
(a) we reached the stop than the bus left. (i) The thief escaped as soon as the police arrived.
(b) had we reached the stop when the bus left. (Begin : No sooner…)
(c) did we reach the stop than the bus left. (a) did the police arrive when the thief escaped.
(d) did we reach the stop when the bus left. (b) had the police arrived than the thief escaped.
(c) did the police arrive than the thief escaped.
(iii) If you do not follow the safety rules, you may get (d) had the police arrived when the thief escaped.
injured.
(Begin : Unless…) (ii) The question was too tricky for the students to
(a) you do not follow the safety rules, you may answer.
get injured. (Begin : The question was so…)
(b) you follow the safety rules, you will get (a) tricky that the students could not answer it.
injured. (b) difficult for the students to answer.
(c) you follow the safety rules, you will not get (c) tricky for any student to answer it.
injured. (d) tricky that no one answered it.
(d) you follow the safety rules, you may get (iii) If you don’t exercise regularly, you will not stay
injured. fit.
(Begin : Unless…)

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15. Re-write the following sentences according to the and illegality. This emphasizes both ideas equally,
instructions given after each. Make other changes ensuring clarity and maintaining grammatical
that may be necessary, but do not change the correctness in the sentence.
meaning of each sentence. (v) In spite of having plenty of wealth, he was not
(i) Not many people read for pleasure these days. happy.
(Begin : Few…) The sentence begins with “In spite of” to show
contrast between his wealth and unhappiness. The
(ii) Since her childhood, Meera has been good in gerund “having” makes the phrase grammatically
Mathematics. accurate, retaining the original meaning with a
(End : …childhood) focus on the contradictory relationship.
(iii) “We have had no rain, since January,” Ramu said. (vi) He was too tired to stand.
(Begin : Ramu said that they…) The transformation replaces “so...that” with
“too...to,” emphasizing his exhaustion and
(iv) It is dangerous as well as illegal to drive a
inability to stand. This concise structure
motorcycle without a helmet.
maintains the original meaning while making the
(Begin : It is not…)
sentence more direct and impactful.
(v) He had plenty of wealth, but he was not happy. (vii) There was no one among them who was not an
(Begin : In spite…) experienced mountaineer.
(vi) He was so tired that he could not stand. The sentence is rephrased using “There was no
(Use : ‘too’) one...who was not,” emphasizing the fact that
every individual in the group was experienced.
(vii) Every one of them was an experienced
This structure preserves the original meaning and
mountaineer.
ensures grammatical precision.
(Begin : There was no…)
(viii) This is the worst film I have ever seen.
(viii) I have never seen a film as bad as this. The sentence highlights “the worst” to express
(Begin : This is…) the speaker’s opinion about the film. The
Ans transformation ensures proper use of the
superlative degree while retaining the emphasis on
(i) Few people read for pleasure these days. the speaker’s unique experience with this movie.
The sentence rephrases “not many” into “few”
while maintaining the intended meaning. It 16. Re-write the following sentences according to the
emphasizes the rarity of people engaging in instructions given after each. Make other changes
reading for pleasure. The structure is concise, that may be necessary, but do not change the
grammatically accurate, and reflects the declining meaning of each sentence.
habit effectively.
(i) We had not even walked one kilometre when they
(ii) Meera has been good in Mathematics since her
stopped us.
childhood.
(Begin : Hardly…)
The sentence ends with “since her childhood,”
maintaining the sequence of events and (ii) The memory is so vivid that I will never forget it.
emphasizing her consistent skill in Mathematics. (Use ‘too’ in place of ‘so’)
The transformation is simple and accurate, (iii) That need not happen.
highlighting the time frame of her proficiency. (Rewrite : using does)
(iii) Ramu said that they had had no rain since
(iv) Food and sleep were all we cared about.
January.
(Begin : All…)
The direct speech is converted into indirect speech.
The use of “had had” ensures proper tense in the (v) We sat with our accuser, face to face.
past perfect form, indicating a lack of rain since (Begin : There…)
January. This transformation retains clarity and (vi) Herbert consulted his parents before accepting
adheres to grammatical rules. the job offer.
(iv) It is not only dangerous but also illegal to drive a (Begin : Herbert did not…)
motorcycle without a helmet.
(vii) Put your tools away, the children may fall over
The correlative conjunction “not only...but also”
them.
connects the two aspects of the action—danger
(Use : lest…)

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

(iv) No sooner was her song over than I knew that she (viii) As soon as the sports meet ended, the children
had won the competition. ran on the field.
The sentence begins with “No sooner”, followed (Begin : Hardly…)
by inversion (was her song over) to maintain
Ans
grammatical accuracy. “Than” is used to indicate
the immediate connection between the two actions. (i) When she had finished cooking, she laid the table.
(v) No other school’s exhibit sent to the Town Hall The sentence begins with “When”, shifting the
was better than ours. dependent clause to the start. The sequence of
The sentence is rephrased using “better” for actions is maintained, and grammatical accuracy
comparison. The structure effectively highlights is ensured while preserving the original meaning.
the superiority of the school’s exhibit while (ii) Despite being old, he still works hard.
maintaining clarity and proper grammar. The sentence begins with “Despite”, and the
(vi) Only visitors above eighteen years of age were clause “being old” is used to reflect his condition.
allowed into the hall. This transformation retains the contrast between
The sentence is rephrased to emphasize his age and hard work while maintaining
the restriction using “Only visitors.” This grammatical correctness.
transformation is grammatically correct and (iii) The delivery boy said, “I will bring the parcel
retains the original meaning clearly. tomorrow.”
(vii) No sooner did the bell ring than the children The indirect speech is converted into direct speech.
ran out. “Was requested to bring” becomes “I will bring,”
The sentence begins with “No sooner”, followed and “the next day” is replaced by “tomorrow,”
by inversion (did the bell ring) to match the past adhering to direct speech rules.
tense. “Than” is used to connect the two events (iv) I would rather play a game than watch television.
logically and grammatically. The sentence uses “rather...than” to express
(viii) The combination of all their ideas was asked to preference. The verbs “play” and “watch” are in
be put into one document. their base forms to match the structure, ensuring
The sentence incorporates “combination” to grammatical precision and clarity.
express the collection of ideas. The passive (v) There is no family without a black sheep.
structure is maintained, and the original meaning The affirmative sentence is rephrased into
is preserved with grammatical correctness. a negative form using “There is no...” This
transformation emphasizes the idea while
14. Re-write the following sentences according to the preserving the intended meaning with correct
instructions given after each. Make other changes grammar.
that may be necessary, but do not change the (vi) A more ill-fitting suit has never been worn.
meaning of each sentence. The sentence ends with “ever worn,” and the
(i) She laid the table after she had finished cooking. structure emphasizes the uniqueness of the ill-
(Begin : When…) fitting suit. The negative clause is correctly
rephrased to maintain clarity and accuracy.
(ii) He is old, but still works hard. (vii) Anil is so fast a runner that he always comes first
(Begin : Despite…) in the race.
(iii) The delivery boy was requested to bring the The phrase “too fast...to not come first” is
parcel the next day. rephrased using “so...that.” The transformation
(Rewrite using direct speech) highlights Anil’s speed and ensures proper
(iv) I prefer playing a game to watching television. grammatical construction.
(Begin : I would rather…) (viii) Hardly had the sports meet ended when the
children ran on the field.
(v) Every family has a black sheep. The sentence begins with “Hardly” and uses
(Begin : There is no…) inversion (had the sports meet ended) to
(vi) I have never worn a more ill-fitting suit. emphasize immediacy. “When” is used to connect
(End : …ever worn.) the two actions logically and grammatically.
(vii) Anil is too fast a runner to not come first in the
race.
(Begin : Anil is so…)

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 251

(iii) Our father cooked dinner for us last night. (iv) As soon as the function got over, the crowd
The sentence is rephrased from passive to active dispersed.
voice. The focus shifts to the doer of the action, (Begin : Hardly had…)
“our father,” making the sentence more direct (v) The monsoon is the best season in our country.
and precise. This transformation maintains the (Rewrite using ‘good’)
original meaning effectively.
(iv) Unless Mary catches the first bus, she will not be (vi) Harish was so tired that he could not keep his
on time for school. eyes open.
The sentence replaces “If” with “Unless” to (Begin : Harish was too…)
introduce a condition in negative form. This (vii) Father said to Sunil, “I can help you with your
rephrasing emphasizes the necessity of the homework.”
condition for Mary’s punctuality while retaining (Begin : Father told Sunil…)
the original meaning of the sentence.
(viii) Naresh goes to a school which has over a
(v) Despite having high fever, the girl came to school.
thousand students.
The sentence begins with “Despite,” which
(Begin : There…)
introduces a contrast between the girl’s illness
and her action. The gerund “having” ensures Ans
grammatical correctness, maintaining the (i) Ramesh was given some excellent advice by Arun.
sentence’s structure and conveying the intended The sentence is rewritten in the passive
meaning clearly. voice, shifting the focus to “Ramesh.” This
(vi) I would rather go out with friends than stay alone transformation maintains grammatical accuracy
at home. and emphasizes the recipient of the advice without
The sentence uses “would rather...than” to express changing the original meaning.
preference, maintaining the original comparison. (ii) No sooner did Sania sit down to study than the
The verbs “go” and “stay” are kept in their base lights went off.
forms, ensuring grammatical accuracy while The sentence begins with “No sooner,” requiring
conveying the speaker’s choice effectively. inversion (did Sania sit) to maintain grammatical
(vii) No sooner had the teacher left the room than all correctness. “Than” is used to link the two events,
the children started making a noise. emphasizing the immediacy of the lights going off.
The sentence begins with “No sooner,” requiring (iii) Have you heard from Alia?
an inverted structure (had the teacher left) for The sentence is rephrased as a direct question
grammatical correctness. “Than” is used to beginning with “Have you,” shifting the focus
indicate the immediate connection between the to the act of receiving news from Alia. This
two events logically and effectively. transformation ensures grammatical accuracy and
(viii) Never have I seen a funnier movie than this. maintains the original meaning.
Starting with “Never” emphasizes the speaker’s (iv) Hardly had the function got over when the crowd
strong opinion about the movie. The inversion dispersed.
(have I seen) ensures grammatical accuracy The sentence starts with “Hardly” to emphasize
and highlights the uniqueness of the experience, the quick succession of events. Inversion (had the
maintaining the original sentiment clearly. function got) is used to ensure proper grammar,
and “when” connects the two clauses effectively.
18. Re-write the following sentences according to the
(v) No other season in our country is as good as the
instructions given after each. Make other changes
monsoon.
that may be necessary, but do not change the
The superlative “best” is replaced with a positive
meaning of each sentence.
comparison (as good as) to maintain the intended
(i) Arun gave Ramesh some excellent advice. meaning. This transformation highlights the
(Begin : Ramesh was…) uniqueness of the monsoon while adhering to
(ii) As soon as Sania sat down to study, the lights grammatical rules.
went off. (vi) Harish was too tired to keep his eyes open.
(Begin : No sooner…) The phrase “so...that” is replaced with “too...to,”
simplifying the structure while preserving the
(iii) Has Alia written to you?
original meaning. This transformation emphasizes
(Begin : Have you…)
Harish’s exhaustion and inability to stay awake.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

Ans 8. Re-write the following sentences according to the

(i) (b) No sooner had the train left than we reached instructions given after each.
the station. Make other changes that may be necessary, but do
The sentence starts with “No sooner”, requiring not change the meaning of each sentence. Choose
inversion of the auxiliary verb (had the train left) the correct option.
and linking the two events using “than”. This (i) The students completed the project before the
ensures correct sequencing in the past perfect deadline.
tense. (Begin : The project...)
(ii) (b) The championship has been won by the team (a) The project was completed by the students
this year. before the deadline.
The active voice sentence is converted into passive (b) The project has been completed by the
voice while retaining the present perfect tense students before the deadline.
(has been won). This transformation maintains (c) The project is completed by the students
grammatical precision and conveys the same before the deadline.
meaning. (d) The project was being completed by the
(iii) (a) The food was too spicy for us to eat. students before the deadline.
The sentence uses “too...to” to replace “so...
that”, emphasizing the extreme spiciness of the (ii) As soon as the bell rang, the class dispersed.
food. The transformation ensures the sentence (Begin : No sooner...)
remains concise and grammatically accurate. (a) No sooner did the bell ring than the class
(iv) (c) Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus. dispersed.
The sentence uses “unless” to express a negative (b) No sooner the bell rang than the class
condition. This transformation avoids double dispersed.
negatives, ensuring logical clarity and grammatical (c) No sooner does the bell ring than the class
correctness while preserving the original meaning. dispersed.
(v) (b) He asked me if I had seen the movie last night. (d) No sooner had the bell rung than the class
The sentence correctly transforms direct speech dispersed.
into indirect speech, changing the tense from “did (iii) The tea is too hot for me to drink.
see” to “had seen” to match the past perfect. (Rewrite using : so...that...)
The phrase “if I had seen” ensures grammatical (a) The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
accuracy. (b) The tea is so hot that I could not drink it.
(vi) (a) The homework was so difficult that the (c) The tea is so hot that I may not drink it.
children could not complete it. (d) The tea is so hot that it cannot be drunk by
The sentence uses “so...that” to replace “too... me.
to”, emphasizing the difficulty of the homework. (iv) If you study hard, you will succeed.
The transformation maintains logical coherence (Use : Unless...)
and grammatical precision. (a) Unless you do not study hard, you will
(vii) (b) He speaks so fast that we cannot understand succeed.
him. (b) Unless you study hard, you will succeed.
The sentence uses “so...that” to indicate the (c) Unless you study hard, you will not succeed.
consequence of speaking fast. The present tense (d) Unless you study hard, you shall succeed.
(cannot) aligns with the original meaning,
ensuring logical clarity and correctness. (v) He said, “I have completed my homework.”
(viii) (a) Although he worked hard, he failed to win (Begin : He said that...)
the race. (a) He said that he has completed his homework.
The sentence begins with “Although” to indicate (b) He said that he had completed his homework.
contrast. It avoids unnecessary conjunctions (c) He said that he completed his homework.
like “but”, ensuring grammatical accuracy and (d) He said that his homework was completed.
retaining the intended meaning of his effort being (vi) Despite her injuries, she participated in the
insufficient for success. competition.
(Begin : Although...)
(a) Although she had injuries, she participated in
the competition.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 253

(iii) This is the best solution anyone could think of. The sentence shifts from active to passive voice.
(Begin : No other...) The focus changes to “delicious meals,” ensuring
(iv) If you do not apologize, she will not forgive you. grammatical accuracy and maintaining the
(Begin : Unless...) original meaning of the sentence.
(viii) Although he is wealthy, he is not happy.
(v) The athlete ran too slowly to qualify for the finals. The sentence begins with “Although,”
(Rewrite using ‘so...that’) introducing a contrast between his wealth and
(vi) He said to me, “Are you going to the party unhappiness. The transformation retains clarity
tonight?” while emphasizing the contradiction effectively
(Begin : He asked me...) and adhering to grammatical conventions.
(vii) The chef prepares delicious meals every day. 21. Re-write the following sentences according to the
(Begin : Delicious meals...) instructions given after each.
(viii) Despite his wealth, he is not happy. Choose the correct option that best completes the
(Begin : Although...) sentence.
Ans (i) The road was so narrow that two cars could not
pass at the same time.
(i) I was too tired to stay awake. (Begin : The road was too…)
The phrase “so...that” is replaced with “too... (a) narrow that two cars could pass.
to,” simplifying the sentence. The transformation (b) narrow to allow two cars to pass.
highlights the speaker’s exhaustion while (c) wide for two cars to pass.
maintaining clarity and grammatical correctness. (d) narrow for two cars to move simultaneously.
(ii) No sooner had the teacher entered the classroom
than the students stood up. (ii) The students submitted their assignments as soon
Starting with “No sooner” requires inversion as the teacher arrived.
(had the teacher entered) and the use of “than” (Begin : No sooner…)
to connect the two actions. The transformation (a) had the teacher arrived when the students
emphasizes the immediacy of the students’ reaction. submitted their assignments.
(iii) No other solution is as good as this one. (b) did the teacher arrive than the students
The superlative “best” is replaced with a positive submitted their assignments.
comparison (as good as) to maintain the intended (c) had the teacher arrived than the students
meaning. This transformation emphasizes the submitted their assignments.
uniqueness of the solution while adhering to (d) did the teacher arrive when the students
grammatical rules. submitted their assignments.
(iv) Unless you apologize, she will not forgive you. (iii) If you don’t practice regularly, you won’t improve
The conditional “If” is replaced with “Unless” your skills.
to express the condition in a negative form. The (Begin : Unless…)
sentence maintains clarity and emphasizes the (a) you practice regularly, you won’t improve
importance of the apology for forgiveness. your skills.
(v) The athlete ran so slowly that he could not qualify (b) you practice, you won’t improve.
for the finals. (c) you regularly practice, you will not improve
The phrase “too...to” is replaced with “so...that,” your skills.
emphasizing the athlete’s inability to qualify due (d) you improve your skills, practice regularly.
to his slow pace. The transformation retains the
(iv) The room was too dark for us to see anything.
original meaning with grammatical accuracy.
(Begin : The room was so…)
(vi) He asked me if I was going to the party that night.
(a) dark for us to see anything.
The direct question is converted into indirect
(b) dark that we could not see anything.
speech. The auxiliary verb “are” changes to “was,”
(c) dark for us to see something clearly.
and the pronoun “you” changes to “I.” The word
(d) dark that anything could not be seen by us.
“tonight” becomes “that night,” maintaining
grammatical correctness. Ans
(vii) Delicious meals are prepared by the chef every (i) (b) narrow to allow two cars to pass.
day. The sentence “The road was too narrow to allow
two cars to pass” correctly reflects the structure

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

(viii) It was the last time he saw his wife. (viii) Never again did he see his wife.
(Begin : Never…) The sentence begins with “Never again” for
emphasis, followed by inversion (did he see) to
Ans maintain correct grammar. This rephrasing
(i) Hardly had we walked one kilometre when they highlights the finality of the situation while
stopped us. preserving the original sentiment and clarity.
The sentence begins with “Hardly” to emphasize
17. Re-write the following sentences according to the
the immediacy of the action. Inversion (had
instructions given after each. Make other changes
we walked) is used to maintain grammatical
that may be necessary, but do not change the
correctness. The use of “when” ensures the logical
meaning of each sentence.
connection between the two events.
(ii) The memory is too vivid for me to forget it. (i) The book was so interesting that I could not put
The phrase “too...to” effectively replaces “so... it down.
that,” making the sentence more concise. This (Begin : The book was too…)
transformation highlights the vividness of (ii) The principal said, “All the prizes will be
the memory and its lasting impression while distributed tomorrow.”
preserving the original meaning and grammatical (Begin : The principal said that…)
accuracy.
(iii) That does not need to happen. (iii) Last night’s dinner was cooked for us by our
The sentence is rephrased to include “does,” father.
turning it into a declarative statement. (Begin : Father…)
This transformation maintains clarity while (iv) If Mary catches the first bus, she will be on time
emphasizing the unnecessary nature of the event. for school.
The verb usage ensures alignment with standard (Begin : Unless…)
grammatical rules. (v) In spite of having high fever, the girl came to
(iv) All we cared about was food and sleep. school.
The sentence begins with “All” to focus on what (Begin : Despite…)
was important. The transformation preserves the
intended meaning while using concise phrasing to (vi) I prefer going out with friends to staying alone at
emphasize the idea of prioritizing food and sleep home.
above everything else. (Begin : I would rather…)
(v) There was a face-to-face meeting with our accuser. (vii) Hardly had the teacher left the room, when all
The sentence introduces “There was” to reframe the children started making a noise.
the description. The phrase “face-to-face” (Begin : No sooner…)
maintains the interaction’s importance. This
(viii) This is the funniest movie I have ever seen.
transformation shifts the focus to the meeting
(Begin : Never…)
while adhering to grammatical conventions and
clarity. Ans
(vi) Herbert did not accept the job offer without (i) The book was too interesting for me to put it
consulting his parents. down.
The sentence emphasizes Herbert’s consultation The phrase “so...that” is replaced with “too...to”
using “did not accept...without.” This structure while maintaining the intended meaning. This
conveys his actions clearly while maintaining the transformation effectively emphasizes the book’s
timeline of events. The rephrasing ensures both captivating nature and how it prevented the
logical flow and grammatical precision. reader from putting it aside.
(vii) Put your tools away, lest the children fall over (ii) The principal said that all the prizes would be
them. distributed by the next day.
The conjunction “lest” is used to show precaution, The direct speech is converted into indirect speech.
replacing “may.” This transformation introduces “Will” is changed to “would” to reflect the future
a sense of urgency and concern while retaining event in the past context. This transformation
the original meaning and adhering to proper adheres to the rules of reported speech and retains
grammatical construction. clarity.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 255

(a) you exercise regularly, you will not stay fit. (ii) The task was too complicated for a beginner to
(b) you do not exercise, you will stay fit. complete.
(c) you exercise regularly, you will stay fit. (Begin : The task was so…)
(d) you do not exercise, you may not stay fit. (a) complicated that a beginner could not
(iv) The children went outside to play the moment it complete it.
stopped raining. (b) complicated for any beginner to complete.
(Begin : As soon as…) (c) difficult for a beginner to finish.
(a) the children went outside, it stopped raining. (d) complex that it could not be completed.
(b) it stopped raining, the children went outside (iii) If they do not attend the meeting, they will miss
to play. important updates.
(c) the children played outside after the rain (Begin : Unless…)
stopped. (a) they do not attend the meeting, they will
(d) it rained, the children waited to play outside. miss important updates.
(b) they attend the meeting, they will not miss
Ans
updates.
(i) (b) had the police arrived than the thief escaped. (c) they attend the meeting, they will get
“No sooner had the police arrived than the thief updates.
escaped” is correct because this structure is (d) they attend the meeting, they will miss
used to indicate two actions happening in quick important updates.
succession, with the first in past perfect tense.
(iv) The hill was so steep that it was dangerous to
(ii) (a) tricky that the students could not answer it.
climb.
“The question was so tricky that the students
(Begin : The hill was too…)
could not answer it” uses the correct structure with
(a) steep that it could not be climbed safely.
“so...that,” which connects a cause (trickiness)
(b) steep for anyone to climb it.
and its result (students’ inability to answer).
(c) steep to climb without danger.
(iii) (a) you exercise regularly, you will not stay fit.
(d) steep for anyone to climb safely.
“Unless you exercise regularly, you will not stay
fit” uses “unless” appropriately to introduce a Ans
negative condition, emphasizing the necessity of (i) (b) did everyone get in than the driver started the
regular exercise for fitness. car.
(iv) (b) it stopped raining, the children went outside “No sooner did everyone get in than the driver
to play. started the car” is correct as “no sooner...than”
“As soon as it stopped raining, the children is used to indicate one event closely following
went outside to play” is correct as it follows the another. The auxiliary verb “did” aligns with this
chronological sequence of events, linking the structure.
cessation of rain to the children’s action. (ii) (a) complicated that a beginner could not
24. Re-write the following sentences according to the complete it.
instructions given after each. “The task was so complicated that a beginner
Choose the correct option that best completes the could not complete it” uses the correct “so...that”
sentence. structure, effectively linking the complexity of the
task with the beginner’s inability to complete it.
(i) The driver started the car as soon as everyone got (iii) (b) they attend the meeting, they will not miss
in. updates.
(Begin : No sooner…) “Unless they attend the meeting, they will not
(a) did everyone get in when the driver started miss updates” correctly introduces a conditional
the car. scenario, with “unless” implying the necessity of
(b) did everyone get in than the driver started attendance to avoid missing updates.
the car. (iv) (d) steep for anyone to climb safely.
(c) had everyone got in when the driver started “The hill was too steep for anyone to climb safely”
the car. correctly uses “too...for” to express that the hill’s
(d) had everyone got in than the driver started steepness prevented safe climbing. The phrase
the car. clearly conveys the risk involved.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

30. Re-write the following sentences according to the

instructions given after each.
Make other changes that may be necessary but do
not change the meaning of each sentence.
(i) The plane took off as soon as the passengers had
boarded.
(Begin : No sooner…)
(ii) The soup is too hot for the baby to drink.
(Begin : The soup is so…)
(iii) If you do not water the plants regularly, they will
wither.
(Begin : Unless…)
(iv) He spoke so softly that nobody could hear him.
(Begin : He spoke too…)
Ans
(i) No sooner had the passengers boarded the plane
than it took off.
“No sooner” emphasizes immediacy between
boarding and the plane’s departure. This
transformation uses the correct grammar structure
with “had” and “than,” maintaining the original
meaning while highlighting the quick sequence of
events.
(ii) The soup is so hot that the baby cannot drink it.
The phrase “so hot that” explains the baby’s
inability to drink the soup due to its temperature.
This rewrite transforms the sentence while
retaining the cause-and-effect relationship,
ensuring clarity and meaning are preserved.
(iii) Unless you water the plants regularly, they will
wither.
“Unless” effectively replaces “if not,” making the
sentence concise and emphasizing the condition
required to prevent the plants from withering.
This rewrite retains the original message without
altering its intent.
(iv) He spoke too softly for anyone to hear him.
The phrase “too softly for” conveys that his
voice was inaudible to others. This concise
transformation retains the original meaning,
emphasizing the inadequacy of his voice volume
for being heard.

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ICSE chapterwise QB Class 10 English language page 257

(ii) Unless you apologize, she will not forgive you. (iv) No sooner had the teacher started the lesson than
“Unless” introduces a conditional clause, replacing the fire alarm rang.
“if you do not.” The sentence emphasizes the “No sooner...than” emphasizes that the fire
necessity of apologizing for forgiveness, retaining alarm rang immediately after the lesson began.
the same intent with a slight change in structure. This construction effectively conveys the original
(iii) By the time we reached the airport, the plane had sentence’s sense of immediacy and sequence.
already taken off.
“By the time” introduces the sequence of events, 29. Re-write the following sentences according to the
aligning with the past perfect tense “had already instructions given after each. Make other changes
taken off” to show the plane’s departure occurred that may be necessary but do not change the
before their arrival. meaning of each sentence.
(iv) As soon as she opened the window, the bird flew (i) The bag is so heavy that I cannot carry it.
out. (Begin : The bag is too…)
“As soon as” expresses immediacy, indicating that
(ii) If you do not follow the rules, you will face
the bird’s action followed the window opening
consequences.
without delay. The sequence and meaning of the
(Begin : Unless…)
original sentence remain unchanged.
(iii) The bus had already left before we reached the
28. Re-write the following sentences according to the stop.
instructions given after each. Make other changes (Begin : By the time…)
that may be necessary but do not change the
(iv) She submitted the form and immediately left the
meaning of each sentence.
office.
(i) The weather is so cold that we cannot go outside. (Begin : As soon as…)
(Begin : The weather is too…)
Ans
(ii) If they do not arrive on time, the meeting will be
delayed. (i) The bag is too heavy to carry.
(Begin : Unless…) The phrase “too heavy to” simplifies “so heavy
(iii) She finished her work and went out to meet her that I cannot,” effectively conveying that the
friends. weight of the bag prevents carrying it. The
(Begin : As soon as…) transformation retains the original meaning and
creates a concise sentence.
(iv) The teacher had hardly started the lesson when
(ii) Unless you follow the rules, you will face
the fire alarm rang.
consequences.
(Begin : No sooner…)
“Unless” replaces “if not,” directly establishing
Ans the condition required to avoid consequences.
(i) The weather is too cold to go outside. This structure emphasizes the need to follow rules
“Too...to” simplifies “so...that,” highlighting the without altering the intended meaning.
intense cold that makes going outside impossible. (iii) By the time we reached the stop, the bus had
This structure is direct and retains the original already left.
sentence’s meaning effectively. “By the time” maintains the sequence of events,
(ii) Unless they arrive on time, the meeting will be indicating that the bus left before their arrival.
delayed. This rewrite emphasizes the earlier departure
“Unless” replaces “if not,” emphasizing of the bus, preserving the original sentence’s
punctuality as a requirement to prevent delay. meaning.
This transformation maintains the conditional (iv) As soon as she submitted the form, she left the
nature of the sentence while streamlining its office.
phrasing. “As soon as” introduces immediacy, indicating
(iii) As soon as she finished her work, she went out to that her departure directly followed submitting
meet her friends. the form. The revised sentence retains the original
“As soon as” indicates an immediate action, order of events and emphasizes promptness.
showing that going out directly followed finishing
her work. This retains the original sequence of
events without altering its meaning.

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Ch 9 : Transformation of Sentences

25. Re-write the following sentences according to the (iii) Hardly had the game begun when it started
instructions given after each. Make other changes raining.
that may be necessary but do not change the (Begin : No sooner…)
meaning of each sentence. (iv) The teacher gave the instructions and the students
(i) He worked so hard that he passed the examination. started working.
(Begin : He worked too…) (Begin : As soon as…)
(ii) If you do not complete your homework, the Ans
teacher will punish you.
(i) The soup is too hot to drink.
(Begin : Unless…)
“Too...to” replaces “so...that” to express the soup’s
(iii) The train had left the station before we reached. excessive heat, making drinking it impossible.
(Begin : By the time…) This transformation maintains the meaning while
(iv) As soon as the thief saw the police, he ran away. adhering to the sentence pattern change.
(Begin : No sooner…) (ii) Unless you hurry, you will miss the bus.
“Unless” introduces a conditional clause,
Ans replacing “if you do not.” The sentence structure
emphasizes the consequence of not hurrying,
(i) He worked too hard to fail the examination.
preserving the original intent.
“Too...to” conveys the same meaning as “so...
(iii) No sooner had the game begun than it started
that,” emphasizing that his hard work made
raining.
failure impossible. The sentence transformation
“No sooner...than” emphasizes the immediate
maintains the original intent without altering its
sequence of events. The correct auxiliary verb
meaning.
“had” aligns with the past perfect tense, indicating
(ii) Unless you complete your homework, the teacher
that rain followed the game’s start without delay.
will punish you.
(iv) As soon as the teacher gave the instructions, the
“Unless” introduces a conditional clause,
students started working.
effectively replacing “if you do not.” The sentence
“As soon as” expresses the immediate action
retains the original meaning, showing the
following the instructions. The sentence preserves
consequence of not completing homework.
the sequence of events and conveys their
(iii) By the time we reached the station, the train had
simultaneity effectively.
left.
The phrase “By the time” appropriately 27. Re-write the following sentences according to the
emphasizes the sequence of events, indicating the instructions given after each. Make other changes
train’s departure occurred before their arrival. that may be necessary but do not change the
The past perfect tense “had left” aligns with the meaning of each sentence.
context.
(iv) No sooner did the thief see the police than he ran (i) He is so lazy that he cannot complete his
away. homework on time.
“No sooner...than” expresses the immediacy (Begin : He is too…)
of the thief’s reaction upon seeing the police. (ii) If you do not apologize, she will not forgive you.
The auxiliary verb “did” correctly follows this (Begin : Unless…)
structure, maintaining the original sentence’s (iii) The plane had already taken off before we reached
meaning and tense. the airport.
(Begin : By the time…)
26. Re-write the following sentences according to the
instructions given after each. Make other changes (iv) She opened the window and the bird flew out.
that may be necessary but do not change the (Begin : As soon as…)
meaning of each sentence. Ans
(i) The soup is so hot that I cannot drink it. (i) He is too lazy to complete his homework on time.
(Begin : The soup is too…) “Too...to” replaces “so...that,” emphasizing
(ii) If you do not hurry, you will miss the bus. his excessive laziness that prevents homework
(Begin : Unless…) completion. This transformation conveys the original
meaning effectively while using concise phrasing.

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