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The document discusses the principles of constitutionalism, emphasizing the separation of powers and checks and balances within the government. It highlights the role of the Indian Constitution in ensuring democracy and protecting fundamental rights, as well as the significance of constitutional amendments. Additionally, it outlines the importance of inter-state relations and cooperation among states in India for effective governance.
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CCONSTITUTIONALISM
Constraint and lel pouch that emphases the inortane af goserig tc T0
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2 the fundamen Ew tes the fomaor for over rc, pouels ahd anal EN Here te
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4, Potion dv ight:
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crest thre nate otc scat eal wanted the sere
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thacesh banc asthe authotytom: te powershot earces, often nen tare en
born to dominant.
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1 i tee
any ston yters athe cir the poner ful review Thi lawn cata ei the
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8. CanituinalAmendnents,
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2 United Goverment
Costtunaism sas othe powers of govern by cle dng ad separa he powers a
fileest branches (ctv, eis, od ida) Ti separation reverts the tune of power ad
brates navel bers
4, Protectan ofa Rett
Csttuons fypealy cue predsors safeguarding natal nts ard bares. Cneestenlim
ours th ase as ane potted ance eel ated bythe vet mt
5. Checks male
{stuns seams oem noone checks and snes among benches fsvenment Ths masts
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within hs and prose thea ale Ricci eget fader emai
1 BR Ambedkar ad auokatl neu played pct ls W the sig ofthe Constuten of da. Ther
tonite mee spin, vfetrg ter el pespecives and esetie ir irene aren. Hees an
1. Choeman ofthe Dafne Cmts
‘xntedtor wae ppated ste Charman of the Datong Carmitesct te corctmuet Asem, ming
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5. Champion of seca ste:
[ankedlr nara saunch Gea fr soe ste adhe his of marralaed communis Me payed a
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ey Corton:
Arteta vas instrumental in cain sant pons ofthe Conse, inelaing the Pree,
farsa ren, nthe rece paneer ae ply.
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UNION-STATE AND INTER-STATE RELATIONS
What ein tit lations unde the nan Conan?
rer Sate elton Inia meta how ses ao on terres wok ates ke he connectons
th termes bie ert prt ol coy
How do states wor Together nnd ede Sister?
‘hea stats werk pete ins uence he eet whch ears tha cope
(Cooperative: te te warktogther en rg ht intern them le bring er wate ot
bulongsnes toate
Collaborative: Sts tm up wth each eer and wth de cet goveren or npotant
Campeitiv: Sales dio compte wtheach ther fo thing Ie imesinens joa inprvng
‘nina theres
Why ta GaodRelsinsip Between Sates trprtant?
Hou es reno eens nese or fw esonsin a
National un kez cou together an funcronng seat,
conan Growth: sts worng peer Hels goo, sees, ad people move lars
te borer uporting he county tecone row
Law and Onder States waking outer = valor heaping the pace, hg ne, and sung
Dente Retolaio: hese bles betnen sats anderen cons, which eset
tein eral ston hare tates have att inependece
What Desh Contin Soy abut tera latins?
India's Contant ote es about ow sate shud ate teach ote:
“aie 251 os that ey ste sou fespect the ata ad desons fhe Uni fea
‘Ati 252 lows Friomar to mole ows wo sve dsoua about wing share or crlng
‘waar hetsthag trough le ste,
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“Atces 301 207: Parl of te cesttatan els wth rade commerce ens communsten|
tethinthe coury.
ow oe ini Ener Good Raton Between state?
Tharear esol ous and bodes mina oaks ue stats elon
Inter Sti Coune This gon ep yh reset es the el government an aes
Work wpeher Nace fistcenedin 1980, and sa bs orale sue eyo coupes
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‘5. Sk Union Cabinet Maer nomisted by th Pine Mater
Inter State Coun Duties Under tile 263)
+ Inqing ines and aig oon utes between Sates
* ett rl cusng tects of omen tres ang some Snes othe Union anda
+ Nalegrecarmendstons on uh sets sorta rete ple coordination
ther Ky Hodis fer ote Stat Relations:
1 Ral ours Suny bss ead by the Stes Rargaisaton Ato 1956 to promote coopersion
tc cacdnaton ong ites nae rater Narhery, Cert Ete West area
2. Newest Coun salen 1571 sappet eran ni Sock dewzpeat lt Noreasen
Steal ee
5 Nana Development coun (NDC) Frm n 1852 for deconwcg an deepest mats Nota
{onsvtonnl sama bod a there he been propa sboh
1. Weer sharing ious: Conf ars onthe dation ase of cae nate rouse the
Caer Be dpa betes Trl Nata nd ari,
2 anquage Cones: Soe tes cposethe wpe of Md a5 te sale fal angus, ad 0
2 Boundary OsptetCnfcts onthe decane boundary, ha the Marga vgs ape
there Aum ard Regan
4 Development dpa: Sean iferences mn declopneit el amons sates ma kad to teers,
whore eoped Sates eingy ar geting the Fs.
5. Armed Conf: Fecet nets ie ring by Asa pai och alleged suger om Me
hehgh encencalagintensate aunts
1, Fist Amendment Act 1951
Enpovered the sate to ake spel pons fr the aancement of seca and balward
Added eso the Mi Schedles ther fron jad sry
2 Fourth Amendment Act 1285
neue don ets inte inthe
2 Seventh Amendment Act 168
+ Added tne At othe Rh Shes
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5 Sevmsenth Amendment Act 168
Aled mar Act tote firth ches
4 Tent Meth Amendment A, 1572
ded wo feral Aten lend lors inthe Nth Scheie
5. Thitpfouh Amendrent et 298
+ Addedveny mote nent nla refers ets frosts to he Neth eh
6. Fst amendment At 1851 (Corti:
de tres gl retin neni speechand xreton ander Ate 8 ue
cer Fenty restiors wh ore sts, etement ance
ade estate resonable and juste
Yalta hesare'sponerteranoralzebuenesceswrovt otngtherghttoadeanébuses,
1 Second Aranda At 158
+ Readj.stedthe sale of repesenatoniathe tok aba
Acoihes Case, 8,C and Denes forme later Union lerones
Made sents to fran Trtory as the Indo-Pak areemen 1958,
20, ent Amend Ae 961:
Inport Da, Nap and Hse he Urn inne tion Try
2. Tul Amendment At 1962:
+ report Goa Osman, and aw nthelndan Uren 29 Uno eo
12. Thiet Arendt 0S
Feaed Rgds peal pus ince Ati 3718
15, Foutearh Amendment, 195
Provide egies ar coun of inser to cerainUin Teaes.
14 Nitecnth nendreat Se 066
-Absiched he tan cf cton burs eg Hh Cours poner hear dectences tor.
25, Twenty Fist Amendment 2967:
Inet Se nguae inte eth Sree ct he Cnstation
16, twenty Fourth Amendet Bt, 1973
Made Press sen
17. Twent ith Amenine! A, 17:
(tad te Fundameal Right Povey
18. TuenySath rendre et, 197:
kh rin Pune ae preset errs of poe tes
29. tips amendment Ac 1272:
treed Lk Ste wealsam 250 545
20, hin itn mend At, 178:
Terranted stn stats protec ste, mang an 'ssacate te
21 Thitp Sith Amendment 395:
ne on 2 edges of,
22 Frith Amendnent et, 1976
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22 Frith Amandine, 176
Ensues rare asec teton waters content se exe earami re and
23 For secnd rmerdnet Ret, 1976
‘Acomplehenve arendent, cen ced the M-Corstuton’ Detaled cares nthe hed
2 Forpfourh Amendment At 1578
Scart amencnar enscedby ha ns Government etal charge: ie inked orc
25 Flysecind Amend Re, 985.
Ade the Tenth chau povia fr nt detec bs
26 Seay Fe Arent Rt, 988
Reduce he ing age or 230018.
27. Sty ih Avene et 190°
{cabled the Mulenerber Natl Commision for CIT.
28 Shay Ninh mene At 1991
‘one oe tet the Unon Troy fh
23 Seven Fst Amendment A, 199
Inlet Matar, Nepalinthe Fghh Sele, ees ial languages
2 Seven rendre At, 1982
ranted consul sat to Pancha lian,
1 Seventfouth mene Ae 192:
(cond consti onl tet urbon cl bodes,
52 gy inh render’ A 2002
1+ Made mentary etn «dave ght
31 Sighy ight render, 20
nrc Sere Ie der Ace 28-4
[Ninety Scan Amendment et 208,
+ Addedsoc, dog, Math nd Sart oe ahh shed, ereasng ct
35 nity th Amendment At, 205
+ Edendedretration al ator, Sh, adspedlepmertatanfr ghar inthe ok Saha
sedate gate.
3 Ninty Seventh nendmen et, 201:
+ Granted conto stato the Nail om isin for Sach lee
237. ances Tre Arendt 218
trode 0 serrston fr Economy Wesker econsin Aree
{58 Munsted Fourth Amendment At 2020:
‘Ende! the ent of eas for Ss an Sink She adele
anasto
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Fatarert tthe boss of te goeraretin a cout, Thre ar tres pars cf he averse:
alc.
Inaporlamestarydemocacy Paments suet imoaront becuse representa the pepe wan ths ab
‘cin manatees nthe averant ar ceneat
Faranetin nds is 3 delbecuse of the wy the gpverrent sp. key sro el deme 's
at bstebowt mabng bos ts abo abot making sue the people pone weg ob. Ts Funan
pertofhawa repeat democracy eke.
‘The Contin faa al. lt ow Pakavet, ar how sarin tothe poplin tenn does.
The resent, the Count States andthe Hove cf he Pope ake ne Foxit
The resent ison offre bu deen stn etberofthe tas haves me the woot artes the
fayaSbha ard ck sob, The ick Sabha vecesns llth peop of, whe he Ra Sabha eats:
the stats nd un tore
Unie sre ater cures, ie anand, he Ameria presents ota elegsiture. The resent
‘nln as some plan bs elated ara, he ling retin, eeing ter, ang bth aes,
esohing the Lo Sabena so ong erry ane wh
the bezes are sesson
Rajya Sabha:
+ Maemum monde: 250238 lected nec 12 nmuastedy Pee
+ Curent merters 245 (223m sates om union terranes, 2 nomested
Snes represent Ete ys legltie sens sng rporons resesenatin
ton Tetons represen: Idec decd ath Deh, Pudurey and ans ash hg,
1+ Nein members: 12 conan by he reset ed on pei ncalede or eerie
+ ifeternicn the US: Volathe US. Sent, nl Raj bh his amiated menbes.
Lok Sabha:
{+ emum member £52 580m tts, 20 romulon tertones, 2 aoe byes.
+ curentmaraerss45(59"ton sates 13 fam unon eon)
Stes represent Drei eleced pel low ng unital at ache
+ Union Tetons representation: Memberschose by dec eter, anvered ban actoF Parent
1 Nerhted members 2 rte Aaland corr aren not ria)
+ ngage Reduced fy th st consol mene a 1988
+ Anaotnian pews: onal 2950, rnd 200by he 95th renden’ At 209
*Geton mechnin: Snes ded int tear onsen for dre cts, eran uma ) OCA me Po
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het ite ofthe ste nde hgh Ca
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Joa spt the Present er conten wth ada ofthe Sure Court naan Cvs
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+ prowde aous wast age cine, wcludag by beth, decent, estat, rain, nd
‘reoperation cf erry he.
+ theAetprohbes ea muna fom equa nd cts,
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1+ The ct exempts cern ileal rig om Alana, ange or akan mo zen ore
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+ These gouge re exempted te Frege's, 1946, and he asp ERY nt nal AC, 930,
Key rvions ofthe Anendent et:
+ ny, Sis, uth, Pa, nd Christans om pati counts, who creed ts ble
Dacre 31 2018 ae ot wet ileal mat
+ resid he vstecyrequemat for ese ous fom 1 wo $year for chaning ters by
Appia
+ Proasersoncrzensho fr ila marars dot agp to nl aeas of Assan, Megha, Mean nd
“rer a arene he Inte ne Perri
Caelaion of C Rian
The Ac allow te cancelation f Oveens Cin of Ii (OC) eiaton on pounds He fa
inpsorment elton he leather
Cancers an ones
entadcons wah the Asam Accord of 988,
holergs roses tothe Nacorl aster of Ctr NA
\esstonoteonsnenslameples msicig aie 16 ra oe ae
ion of eligees roms lan, Mars ee
Mie retin or OCI reptition cancelation
Goverment Stand
+ Enghaise the potion of perecited minis
+ chiies:tr the et ams tora ets ate than eel 20a
+ Asuresacase-byase enmanston cf ap.atons tom cto onan
+ Thesuprame coun sgscedtolntprt he ct’ proven andes constutosly
nis hara nye protc hone peectesin ergo Sut metho mint grt conto
+ Exzgevest wn pele inthe Noth Est tense te presonaton herbage, coal ae ac
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‘hs summary sons ovrvew fhe zen amendment] A, garg ey prousons, concerns and
the gone peevea ) ORL CA me i or
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2. eabideaytheconstutenadresects ical adits theNacorlfbg2néthe Nona anthers
2 Tochesh ane alow herbie thot sted he nti sil or ree
5. Tourhotsons rte the vest ny ons tary on
4 Todelenthe rt a verde rata ere hen ced un do
5. Ta promote harmony and he oft of common btherhocd among lth people of nda tras,
tallow bagi andvegonlorsectonal dette nto enue races dopey oe By
6. Tosa and mere the rich berge cf he county composte ce
7%. To potted nro the nual eowcoman ning fore, aes, vr and ie ato have
toons rng etre
1 To develg sie tres hava and be spa guy and ear
9. Tasfemard pubic propa sno bre vlc
10, sme owads xan sper of dy dl and clecve acy so that he ston constenty
rusts her levels of rden.cur ad whevemen ord
2 pou opportune for esuston hs clr wad bewean the ge ofan ouncen ear aE ded
bythe ash conztuena Arengmon Ad 202
stone Background
+ pecopraed a fundamen she undr Arle 9 [of he dn Cnstutin
1+ Ena thei tlntrnston etn 2005
Purpose and zope!
+ Empowers im ta unto the goverment cing
1+ Aimtopramot opemen, cottaby ond cmt craton,
+ poste central authors, sermon genes and organ substan fara by the
ey Objet:
+ Empower iensts auestonthe goverment
Fer tneprecy nd ncn
1 Cable and ence geverment fice.
+ suid welbfomed eens to vila nase govennet operations
Information quested Thou i:
‘+ chans can ceh any inlet thatthe goverment cn dade terme
* Sone exesven nue norms StecingSveregnt IGE, Iaral secur feregnretars,
cbc propery res, adeabnet deusa ) OCA me Po
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1, Secon 21 snes be sions inde he anion, se, oa! Sees, ising ce cis
sueccaly und bounds
Section tf] ards prenive dk of infrmatin by the goverment
Section 6 Ose asin proce fr seeing formation
Section 7 Freres ne rare or provi fomstn by ube wfamacn Ofc 03)
Secon Spates minal eerpsrs fom dsc
Section chs ator mech fr ape
Section 20 ose pene tortie tn provid ey cers oteampetenfemston
Section 23: Rests ove cats arenes iy Sapere Cad gh cos tan
renin untested
Thee ohtrmston At 5, ia crcl eens ees nem on, rome tansy ald
the goverment accoursable. 1" exalihes eeedues, examin, an purles to ensue the flee
Inglamertatonof he rghtoinomaon.
Inodcton
1+ cust encompasses eve hs, emphasing everyone’ gh io prepa in pub e
+ nformsche bosttne of ero, extending beyondeleconste protec cts’ rts ol power
decal
+ Dares ster rom the Sandan radon and mane: ares foms of sets, NGOS,
reo, and yasrouts move.
fc soiy
+ Gnezetn resent theese otrpesenttn inthe I ath ashittosool maiene ns an NGOs,
+ nei the ote 1970 reed rated mover fo nents gender jr, ober,
none. more
+ Pac nwest tions neil ach pbyed a senor lein strengthen ng ety
Naud or an Ate ivi Soin
+n ve thet ose goeraent tn and rte! th eptaetatin.
+ cusalfor publ infngemers of ul lores ad gov alte
+ Ane 9 ofthe constuten ras the demote riko pret andres eedom of seach,
+ eel or ersnngdemazoy tan iston ard renee pls rd eto
Functional Contino ood ovenance:
“+ Wstehds sgonthoman natswnons and amerance deisenses
+ Atha ferwesher eons mato on teal of agmeves ns
1 Edeater cf taen andthe goverment acing mcber fp opinion
+ Senee prot eas ached by ofalellors
1+ ls aaps eft by re povenment¥ dewopnan process
+ suplemen: ovement form eater sre nero on tute ke abuta ) OCA me Po
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+ Neos acy contrite o envionment protectin and jl etenenon
+ exmgssnaduanng ze abeutexrusbn and merc ply ermulon
coeers
+ cu zozet erates and donors face tee ardtarsing
een ot hinds sls een titel reps and ecto of AGO ens
ay rma
1+ Aston sect act aceon ction dsr cates etn
eaten miro the US ae lars cfr el eb gst ruler ce,
+ ulaea ree mada or montorng ard onl corupton.
corr goverance for wer coer satcpaten,
Prone tered, ecole ans genad aeement tls esteem
+ Aeemecoti sat and csc mtu ror esh ther
1+ These held raps he pls of ake, crea promie oe eed troughs eon
1+ Bothenttes eed each ote forthe effete arting af ademecai ten
The oneal of Msonl Delopmen! knoe mpi ee a separate provion in he mn Const
However te Cotetnn oan, we ot eo aang the fern hara| Deepen cai sve
‘rowsrs an prmcales that by th foundston ore ea comprehen eeveozmet the snare ten
Some of ela conseuoal pons ese tthe concept of Maca Dersopet le
1, Preamble othe conto:
The ramble sets cut the eas nd ceca of the Canta, amphaszs iste, bere,
2ho tent aod as we promate he ween al czets. The Peanble fects the comeinent
leo mel deloprert andi wale he role
2. Ditectie Pics of te Ply (OPS)
“he FG, ced in Par ofthe Crstutin provide gules forthe sae to shee cil a
cna jintee See DPSs eho the mporane of sc he wel he role, tle
{ston otters, an3 the ronson ofesraric one oes pesto fe anes ond
5. Fundamental ahs:
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“The rexmile oth dan Conisin autres the eal and bctve tha ude the atin, begin
wh the wares‘, the peeslcnd"heiting he unr f fhe cttersn ther dese eres. The
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2. Unity inde
Indi kro forts cl avi regu, and eons est The Cnsintan recores and
elevates iene te enptasing the uni of eran. The ase My n Dest fects
the cet dpe ieee, lleme seem! e e dr the commen ely of bing
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6 Artie StA- Fndarmentsl Due:
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Inge and regan orsestona dvestes
1 iona reestin Cone
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9, Leal Povions past Secession
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4, Unhereeatin of Even:
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thedrepet tesa promoting een nse
2 dt esti
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5. improveren of uy
francng the qulty seduction tare,
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4 \actonsinston of etn
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5. Slee nd Temoloy Eben
Stergiheingcence ad eho
6. Nurtaring Sent Social and National tegration
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6, Nurturing Sens Soci and National integration
Iredale ofrstonal once, cal ste, ond sacl.
7 Promotion otacon onzge
Prana ondpresereng gor ngage ardersig the devepment
1 Prorat of utr:
Intertrade oni the curl tater see
9, Eqslnaton of auction! Oportuites:
Rogue series neutral partons among ern: sect and econo ceauts.
Inpougheasiy cf tenehr eon enhonce een ts
‘ha Nana Edenton aly 200, whch alee the 98 pal hes oun ctf gala obec:
hu ienty
Emuing sce to ign ex cht cae aden fora cen op othe og
‘stair 00 rss er lmart Rae (SE) n presto secondary lel stb 2080,
2 Founéston tteray ad Hue
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3. bai Edvatin:
Emaneng the owl sty f eduction by evsngand uta cur reusy
inglemering oom of conusucus assesment ost Suet Sees
4 Macon avai
Irs eeszonefuston no maneveam eatin far he coal eat
Provdng all en ab eat po nveateral eon
5. Multicolor” Education:
Irtrosusng ruled sealer ducston offer sudarsabreadr cove of bet
6, ein choo suieas:
‘slong tudes ohaose subpets based on he eres ae apes.
1 eho in Eda:
Hegarty ace anens eceies Monte
1 teacher ing
Enancng the qual ef eae vain prosans
Irplemening continuo protean devespent teachers
©. Promotion of idan Languages
Frarating he ne theater tongue ngunge the mediafire,
10, Goble
Fong average teh
interminalatin ef eeuron
rd amsenes are sets Promoing
she 198 nd 200 aor Euston Poles sha aren themes of unveraeston of edcaon, uty
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‘Teachers:
1. owe Osseminatin
Cio Oley Teche ply uc oe in mpg knee ae rng the aise
tomisnrs
2. Choate Bang
Moa vous Tesch rt mara eth ales stuces,cormoune tthe devloment of
fesponsieczes
Leadership il The nurureeadashp quate and asemefresportty among tude
5 Stl bevcepment
htc Tnkin: Tater foster ete thing sis, encoueng sents to nae ad vate
Infemsaton
Preble Sling They es tases dese probing abies een or deena sae
erlenes
4 novation and creat:
Encouraging Creat Teas pie envy ard imavcto, prt 2 ature of ners
sed ngeal hg
dapat: They reparstuens ora rthanhg wordy string adapt ard exity
Peri Hehag: ech conto tote preserton of curalbertagey patngkoowedge
‘hut nds ett
Prometin Diversity: They crate ders and promote ndersandingarorgtusers em ancus
aa barons.
6, Seda nesponsbiy:
Conmurity rgagerent:Teathe's engage students commun sence adsl thes, sing
iemeeohaciawepernby
nrnmenta vores: The cust stusers bu envonmetlsues preg sant
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Mentoing Techs sme a: mens, stucents in peseralardazaéanie mater,
Cheat 2 PostveEnitorment They este 3 pote lesnngenvormert, oenrg encom
velba
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‘students
‘rosy anf nq: stusert: ene parop thor auction by ba arose guess,
nde loool.
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esponsy for eming: The tk pcs ter om ein encase
2 Stl acqisiion
‘acl Thinking ude culo ccs lr ecb ravi wermaton an mung efor
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tolibrson
5. character Deven:
les and fic: Sacerts race les and thes poet iy teaches, enti other
ertna eancterdelopner
lenders: Tey ate lade uses, reping te Beare lenders and hane-makes
4 Innowston nd Crest
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ProtlemSling: Tey desan publi sl, which ae ese or ess reabnord
Respect fe Dives Suns aoprecste an respect cut dnertycortrbung 63 harmencus
2hdilshesece
Pression of Cte They seve paroateinresenng cal hersgoné eons
6. Secalnesencbing
CanuntyEngegamet: Stes crs: coneranty sericea scl atts eins the
imgoranecot ae back
Enrnmentl Aaorene: They ahve panne enemies cnseon fos,
sine ite
Cultural Seri: tes dele sty becoming sponse bal ener
vareness of Got Isues: They ty rfomed about gts Gswes and conrie 1 seb
1, Naina ide
Patti: Sues develop aero pti and ride the atin
eve zens: They ace gates in ot the wel of then.
Inesence eaters andstaers repo skopngthe unre natn Tenchersprovds ace, route,
dedvaes whlestudersachel engage relamng proces, aug Hs at tudes trae othe
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