VOCATIONAL TRAINING OF 132KV

SUBSTATION

Session 2023-2024

An Internship Training Report Submitted to Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki

Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (M.P.)
Towardsthe Partial Fulfillmentof Requirements for Awarding the Degree of
Bachelor of Technology (B.Tech) in Electrical Engineering

Submitted By:
Avinash Bharve
0801EE201024

Department of Electrical Engineering

Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and
Science,
Indore-452003 (M.P.) –India
 Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and
Science, Indore-452003 (M.P.) -India
Department of
Electrical Engineering

Session 2023-2024

Certificate

This is to certify that the Internship Training Report entitled "132 kv substation", in

partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of

B.TECH Electrical engg. is a record of original training undergone by Avinash Bharve

during the year 2023-2024 of his study in the Department of Electrical Engineering,

SGSITS INDORE under my supervision .

Place: Khargone-II
Date: 09/07/2023

MPPKVVCO.LTD.KHARGONE-II
 Shri G.S. Institute of Technology and
Science, Indore-452003 (M.P.) -India
Department of
Electrical Engineering

Session 2023-2024

Certificate

This is to certify that the Internship Training Report entitled "132 kv substation ",

in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of (B tech. Electrical engg.) is
a record of original training undergone by Avinash Bharve during the year 2023-2024 of his/her
study in the Department of Electrical Engineering, SGSITS INDORE.

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

Date: Date:
 DECLARATION

I Avinash Bharve , hereby declare that the Internship Training Report, entitled " 132 kv

substation " , submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering, Shri G.S.

Institute of Technology and Science, Indore in partial fulfilment of the requirements for

the award of the Degree of B. Tech., is a record of original training undergone by me during

the period (09 JUN 2023 – 09 JULY 2023 ) under the supervision o Mr. S S

Varma, MPPKCL Khargone who gave me an opportunity to undergo training at

132/33 Kv substation at Mr.Narendra More of and it has not formed the basis for the

award of any Degree/Fellowship or other similar title to any candidate of any University.

Place: INDORE

Signature of the Student

Date:
 CONTENTS

S.NO. TOPICS PAGE NO

1. Introduction
Company/Orgenization Profile
2.
3. Functioning of various Departments

4. Training /Internship Work

5.
Suggestion for improvement

6. Conclusion
 1. INTRODUCTION

132KV SUBSTATION :-
Sub-station servers as a source of energy supply for the local area of
distribution in which these are located. The main function of substation is
to receive energy and then transmit it or distribute it to selected locations.

Power is generated at 11Kv but it is uneconomical to transmit such

a power therefore it is step-up and then transmitted and again at the
substation, it is stepdown for local use.

This Sub-station is of 132KV it means the incoming voltage at this

sub-station is 132KV. At this sub-station incoming energy is receive
by 2 buses. The outgoing voltage is 33KV.

In this substation there are 1 Main transformers 50-MV

50-MVA for converting 132 to 33KV for outgoing feeder of local sub-station.
SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM :-

The line diagram explain the complete outlook and working of the substation.
The complete 132KV substation section supply with 50MVA.transformer
This line diagram show that the substation can be energized by two incoming
feeders which are interconnected -1 and -2 in line diagram .it can be given to
both stepdown power transformer.
2.

2 ORGANIZATION / COMPANY PROFILE :-

Madhya Pradesh Power Transmission Company Ltd.

Under Power Sector Reform Programme, Government of Madhya

Pradesh has unbundled the M.P. State Electricity Board into five wholly
owned State Government Companies, out of which one each has been
independently assigned Electricity Generation and Transmission
functions and the balance three are Distribution companies responsible for
electricity distribution in their respective jurisdiction. M.P. Power
Transmission Company Ltd. (MPPTCL) is one of such five companies
carved out of MPSEB to undertake the activities relating to electricity
transmission within the State of M.P.

Subsequently, in May'2006 one more Company, namely MP Power

Trading Co. Ltd. has been carved out of MPSEB to look after trading of
Power and other associated activities.
3.

M.P. Power Transmission Company was incorporated on 22nd

November, 2001 and it formally began its operations under an Operation
& Management Agreement executed with MPSEB on 1st July, 2002,
which provided for undertaking all activities relating to intra-state
transmission of electricity for and on behalf of MPSEB. Further, in
exercise of the powers conferred by sub- section (1) of Section 39 of
Electricity Act, 2003, GoMP has nominated this Company as the State
Transmission Utility w.e.f. 01.06.2004.

Subsequently, vide GoMP notification No.3679/FRS/12/13/2002, dated

31.05.2005, the Company has been provided functional autonomy with
effect from 01.06.2005.Thus, with effect from 01.06.2005, the Company
has assumed the functions of intra-state transmission of electricity, State
Transmission Utility and State Load Despatch Centre as its own business
and not as an Agent of Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board. The
Registrar of Companies, on 16.07.2002, has issued the Certificate for
commencement of business to MPPTCL

Functioning of various Departments:-

The Company’s mission is to provide uninterrupted, efficient and reliable

transmission services and ensure sustained commercial viability. In order
to achieve this mission, Company has continuously expanded and
strengthened its Transmission System in accordance with load growth. The
transmission capacity has grown up by 280.78% since inception, while
the Transmission Network has grown by 111.37% during this period of
around
4.
17 years. As against this capacity, the peak load successfully met by the
company during the year 2019-20 in 14555 MW on
03.02.2020 at 09.15 hrs.
The Company’s activities interleave include:- 1. Power Transmission
within the state periphery.
Operation and maintenance of transmission assets.
Development of Intra-state transmission networks for evacuation of
power from new generating stations & meet out the load growth.
Ensure integrated operation of power system & carryout optimum
scheduling & dispatch of electricity in the state.
Provide non-discriminatory open Access in its transmission system as per
provisions of Electricity Act 2003 & MPERC Regulations to this effect.
The Company is determined to achieve the goal of improving its
operational and commercial efficiencies which would lead to improved
quality of supply and customer service.

4. ABOUT THE MY TRAINING- SUBSTATION 132&400

KV

List of Electrical Substation Equipment :

Transformers :-
(a) voltage transformer :- This transformer can be defined as it is an
instrument transformer used for changing the voltage from a superior value
to the minor value.
5.

(B) current transformer-

A current transformer is an electrical device, and the main function of this

is
to change the value of current from a superior value to the minor value.
This type of transformer is
applicable in meters, control apparatus and parallel by AC instruments.
Conductors :- Conductors are the materials which permit flow of electrons
through it. The best conductors are copper and aluminum etc. The
conductors are utilized for transmission of energy from place to place
over substations.

Insulators :- The insulators are the materials which do not permit flow of
electrons through it.
Insulators are resisting electric property. There are numerous types of
insulators such as shackle, strain type, suspension type, and stray type
etc. Insulators are used in substations for avoiding contact with humans or
short circuit.

Isolators:- The isolators in substations are mechanical switches which

are deployed for isolation of circuits when there is an interruption of
current. These are also known with the name of disconnected switches
operation under no-load conditions and are not fortified with arc-
quenching devices. These switches have no specific current breaking
value neither these have current making value. These are mechanically
operated switches.
Busbars :- The isolators in substations are mechanical switches which
are deployed for isolation of circuits when there is an interruption of
current. These are also known with the name of disconnected switches
operation under no-load conditions and are not fortified with arc-
quenching devices. These switches have no specific current breaking
value neither these have current making value. These are mechanically
operated switches.

Lightning Arrestors :- The lightning arresters can be considered as the

first ever components of a substation. These are having a function of
protecting equipment of substation from high voltages and are also limiting
the amplitude and duration of the current’s flow. These are connected
amid earth and line i.e. connected in line with equipment in the
substation. These
are meant for diversion of current to earth if any current surge appears
hence by protecting insulation as well as conductor from damages. These
are of various types and are distinguished based on duties.

Circuit Breakers :- This is a type of electrical switch, used to open or

close the circuit when an error arises in the system. It includes two
moving parts that are usually closed. When an error happens in the
system, then the relay transmits the signal to the circuit-breaker &
therefore their parts are moved separately. Therefore, errors occur in the
system turns into clear.
Relays :- Relays are a dedicated component of electrical substation
equipment for the protection of system against abnormal situations e.g.
faults. Relays are basically sensing gadgets which are devoted for sensing
faults and are determining its location as well as sending interruption
message of tripped command to the specific point of the circuit. A circuit
breaker is falling apart its contacts after getting the command from
relays. These are protecting equipment from other damages as well such
as fire, the risk to human life, and removal of fault from a particular
section of the substation. Following is the substation component diagram
is known as a relay.

Wave trapped :- The wave trapper is one of the substation components

which is placed on the incoming lines for trapping of high-frequency
waves. The high-frequency waves which are coming from nearby
substations or other localities are disturbing the current and voltages, hence
its trapping is of great importance. The wave trapper is basically tripping
high-frequency waves and is then diverting the waves into telecom panel.
Capacitor Banks:- The capacitor bank is defined as a set of numerous
identical capacitors which are connected either in parallel or series inside
an enclosure and are utilized for the correction of power factor as well as
protection of circuitry of the substation. These are acting like the source
of reactive power and are thus reducing phase difference amid current
and voltage. These are increasing the capacity of ripple current of supply
and avoid unwanted selves in the substation system. The use of capacitor
banks is an economical technique for power factor maintenance and for
correction of problems related to power lag.
Batteries ;- Some of the important substation parts such as emergency
lighting, relay system, and automated control circuitry are operated
through batteries. The size of the battery bank is depending on the
voltage required for operation of the DC circuit respectively. The storage
batteries are of two basic types i.e. acid-alkaline batteries and lead-acid
batteries. The lead acid batteries are of the most common type and used
in substations in abundance as these provide high voltages and are
cheaper in cost.

Equipment for Carrier Current :- The equipment of carrier current is

installed in the substation for the purpose of communication, supervisory
control, telemetry, and/or relaying etc. Such equipment is often mounted
on a room which is known as carrier room and is connected across the
power circuit of high voltages.

Prevention from Surge Voltage :- The transient of overvoltages

substation system is because of inherent and natural characteristics. There
are several reasons for overvoltages which may be caused due to a
sudden alteration in conditions of the system e.g. load rejection, faults, or
switching operations etc. or because of lighting etc. The types of
overvoltages can be classified into two i.e. switching generated or
lightning generated. However, the scale of overvoltages could be over
maximum allowable voltage levels, hence these are required to be
protected and reduced for avoiding damage to instruments, equipment,
and
lines of a substation. In this way, the performance of the substation
system can be enhanced.

The Outgoing Feeders :- There are numerous outgoing feeders which

are connected to that of substations. Basically, the connection is with a
bus of the substation for carrying power from the substation to service
points. The feeders can hug overhead streets, underground, underneath
streets, and are carrying electrical power to that of distribution
transformers at near or farther premises. The isolator in substation and
breaker of the feeder are considered as entities of the substation and are
of metal-clad typically. Whenever a fault is occurring in the feeder, the
protection is detecting and the circuit breaker is opened. After detection
of fault through manual or automatic way, there are more than one
attempts for re-energizing the feeder.

Safety precaution :- A Substation Safety Survey is important to ensure

the safe operation of the substation and protect the people working in and
around it. The purpose of this survey is to identify any potential safety
hazards that may be present in the substation.

Our expert engineering team can carry out a site visit free of charge to
survey electrical switchrooms & substations for electrical substation
safety equipment requirements.

We are happy to make recommendations for appropriate electrical safety

equipment at each switchroom location, including:

Safety and warning signage

Insulating matting and/or platforms
Lifesaving or intervention kits (portable or wall mounted)
Voltage detectors
Earthing kits
SWITCH GEAR PANEL

In an electric power system, switchgear is composed of electrical

disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers used to control, protect and
isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-energize
equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream. This
type of equipment is directly linked to the reliability of the electricity
supply. The earliest central power stations used simple open knife
switches, mounted on insulating panels of marble or asbestos. Power
levels and voltages rapidly escalated, making opening manually operated
switches too dangerous for anything other than isolation of a de-
energized circuit. Oil-filled switchgear equipment allows arc energy to be
contained and safely controlled. By the early 20th century, a switchgear
line-up would be a metal-enclosed structure with electrically operated
switching elements using oil circuit breakers. Today, oil-filled equipment
has largely been replaced by air-blast, vacuum, or SF6 equipment,
allowing large currents and power levels to be safely controlled by
automatic equipment
5 Suggestion for improvement:-

there is no any capacitor Bank so we suggest for connection of capacitor

Bank of power factor improvement .
some measuring instrument on control panel was not reading the value
properly. So that should be replaced on repair testing of equipment.
whether they are operating well or not should be checked time to time.

Replacement of the analogue measuring instrument with digital

instrument.

regular cutting of Tal uses and climbing grass, which may touch the live
wire or conductor .

means of communication is telephone. So we recommended for optical

fiber communication to communicate between substation .
Conclusion
Now from this report we can include that electricity play an important
role in our life. We are made aware of how the transmission of electricity
is done. We took am to know about the various part of the substation
system the major station include a control room from which operation are
coordinated . Smaller distribution substation follow the same principle of
receiving power at Higher voltage on one side and sending out a number
of distribution feeders at lower voltage on the other but they serve a more
limited local area and are generally an staffed.
The central component of the substation is the Transformer as it provide
the effective in in face between the high and low voltage part of the
system other crucial component are circuit breaker and switches.
Breakers serve as a protective device that open automatically in the event
of a fault, that is ,when a protective relay indicates excessive current due
to some abnormal condition. Switches are controlled device that can be
opened and closed deliberately to establish or a break a connection.