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Water Level Indicator Report

The Water Level Indicator is an electronic device designed to monitor water levels in tanks using transistors and LEDs, preventing overflow and wastage. It operates on the principle of water conductivity, activating transistors and lighting up LEDs as water levels rise, with the option to automate motor control via a relay. This low-cost project is suitable for domestic, industrial, and agricultural applications, promoting efficient water management.

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24 views3 pages

Water Level Indicator Report

The Water Level Indicator is an electronic device designed to monitor water levels in tanks using transistors and LEDs, preventing overflow and wastage. It operates on the principle of water conductivity, activating transistors and lighting up LEDs as water levels rise, with the option to automate motor control via a relay. This low-cost project is suitable for domestic, industrial, and agricultural applications, promoting efficient water management.

Uploaded by

pihu32443
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Water Level Indicator using Transistors

🔷 1. Introduction
A Water Level Indicator is an electronic device used to monitor and indicate the water
level in a tank or reservoir. It helps prevent water overflow and unnecessary wastage. The
system uses transistors as switches and LEDs to visually represent different water levels.
It is a low-cost and simple project, ideal for beginners in electronics.

🔷 2. Objective
To design a working water level detection system that indicates four water levels using
transistors and LEDs, and optionally controls the water supply using a relay mechanism.

🔷 3. Theory
The principle used in this project is based on the conductivity of water. When water comes
in contact with metal wires placed at different heights inside the tank:
 A small current flows through the water and triggers the base of a transistor.
 The transistor then conducts, allowing current to flow through an LED, causing it to
glow.
 Each wire corresponds to a different water level (e.g., Level 1 to Level 4).
 As water rises, more transistors are activated, and more LEDs light up, giving a clear
indication of the tank’s water level.
By using a relay, the system can be extended to automatically turn OFF the motor when
the tank is full.

🔷 4. Materials Required
1. Transistors (4x BC547 or equivalent)
2. LEDs (Red, Yellow, Green, Blue) (Light Emitting Diode) used to indicate the level of
water present in tank.
3. Resistors (220Ω and 330Ω)
4. 5 Insulated Copper Wires (for levels and GND)
5. 9V Battery or Power Supply
6. Breadboard or PCB
7. Connecting Wires
8. Relay (optional, for automation)
9. Water container for demonstration
10.P.C.B (Printed Circuit Board)

🔷 5. Working
 The common wire (GND) is placed at the bottom of the tank.
 Four sensor wires are placed at increasing heights (Level 1 to Level 4).
 When the water touches each wire, a small current flows to the base of the
corresponding transistor.
 The transistor turns ON and the connected LED glows, indicating the water has
reached that level.
 Once the topmost level is reached, a relay can be activated to automatically stop the
motor.

🔷 6. Applications
1. Domestic water tanks – Prevent overflow and save water.
2. Industrial reservoirs – Monitor water levels in storage tanks.
3. Agricultural use – Efficient water usage in irrigation.
4. Automatic pump control – Integration with motor systems to reduce manual
operation.

🔷 7. Conclusion
The Water Level Indicator project demonstrates a practical and low-cost method for
monitoring water levels using basic electronic components. It enhances water
management by minimizing wastage and can be extended to automated systems for
improved efficiency.

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