Internet of things (IoT)
Dr. Naushin Nower
Professor, IIT DU
Starting from the Internet
➢ Internet appears everywhere in the world
➢ but it is still a connection between people and people
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What is the Internet of Things?
➢ Internet connects all people, so it is called “the Internet of
People”
➢ IoT connects all things, so it is called “the Internet of Things”
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What’s the Internet of Things
▪ Definition
(1) The Internet of Things, also called The Internet of
Objects, refers to a wireless network between objects,
usually the network will be wireless and self-configuring,
such as household appliances.
------Wikipedia
(2) By embedding short-range mobile transceivers into a
wide array of additional gadgets and everyday items,
enabling new forms of communication between people
and things, and between things themselves.
------WSIS 2005
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Welcome to our NEW DIMENSION
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Will it affect your life?
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Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)
CPS are an integration of Health
care
computation with physical Smart grid Aerospace
system
processes. Embedded computers
and networks monitor and control
Smart CPS Critical
the physical processes, usually with Transportation Applications Infrastructure
feedback loops where physical
processes affect computations and Smart Defense
homes
vice versa Factory system
automation
Cyber Physical
(discrete) (continuous)
Actuation
Feedback
loop
Sensing
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M2M (Machine-to-Machine)
concept where two or more than two machines communicate
with each other without human interaction using a wired or
wireless mechanism
M2M is an technology that helps the devices to connect between
devices without using internet
security, tracking and tracing, manufacturing and facility
management.
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How IoT Devices Work
The IoT device collects data. That could be a temperature
reading, security snapshot, an exact location. To the machine,
it’s all data.
The device transmits that data over a network. Any and all
network technologies can be used for IoT: WiFi, Bluetooth,
satellite, cellular, even hard-wired ethernet connections
Data arrives at a storage center. An IoT data warehouse may
be on a server miles away from the device, in the cloud. Or the
system may centralize data on a nearby device. We call that
the edge. Some devices collect, store, and even process data on
the edge.
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How IoT Devices Work..
Software processes data and may send an instruction to the
device. Software in the cloud or at the edge uses data to do
something. It might send an instruction to adjust an HVAC
setting, for instance. It might turn on or off a light. Maybe it
sends a push notification to a human user, as in predictive
maintenance scenarios. Or it might simply organize data for the
final step in the IoT process.
An IoT platform makes insight available to users. The true
strength of IoT is its ability to collect huge data sets. That gives
us the business insight we can use to make stronger decisions
every time. But to put that information to use, you need an
intuitive user interface within a well-designed app.
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IoT Ecosystem
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IoT, Big Data and AI
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IoT Cloud and Big data
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Big data
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IBM
Why Cloud is not suitable for certain IoT Data Analytics?
1. Cloud is centralized, federated, consolidated, shared, automated, compartmentalized, and
programmable Infrastructure
2. Latency and Response time is often a critical part, especially when you deal with human life
or emergency procedure.
3. Bandwidth Cost and Capacity is very often underestimated. If you want to use N smart
devices requiring each one to communicate M bytes of data then you can quickly reach huge
bandwidth requirements reaching Mbit/s or even Gbit/s at a gateway level.
4. Security and Privacy - transmitting device data over any open and public network is risky
5. Power consumption - Cloud computing is energy-hungry and that it is a concern for a low-
carbon economy.
6. Data obesity – In a traditional cloud approach, huge amount of untreated data are pumped
blindly into the cloud that it is supposed to have magical algorithms written by data scientists.
This vision is really not the best efficient and it is much more wise to pre-treat data at a local
level and to limit the cloud processes at the strict minimum.
7. Offline usages versus only-online usages – Pure cloud services do not allow offline usages. It
is a major shortcoming since smart cities and industry 4.0 applications require a dual
offline/online paradigm.
Why IoT Data Analytics has to be real-time and at
Edge?
• Volume and Velocity – ingesting, processing and storing such huge
amounts of data which is gathered in real-time.
• Security – devices can be located in sensitive environments, control
vital systems or send private data.
• Bandwidth – if devices constantly send the sensor and video data,
it will hog the internet and cost a fortune. Therefore edge analytics
approaches must be deployed to achieve scale and lower response
time.
• Real-time Data Capture, Storage, Processing, Analytics,
Knowledge Discovery, Decision-making and Actuation
• Less Latency and Faster Response
• Context-Awareness capability
• Combining real-time data with historical state
1.0 Introduction
Smart Transportation: ITS
▪ Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)
is designed to provide the real-time and
reliable delivery of traffic-related
information to drivers such as blind spot
warnings during lane changing or
notification of congestion and rerouting
advise that can help to reduce traffic
congestion and lost productivity
▪ ITS involves close coupling by:
➢ Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) via
wireless network ▪ Real-time and reliable information
➢ Vehicles-to-road-side dissemination for V2V and V2I
infrastructure (V2I) via communications are difficult problem
wireless network
➢ Multiple infrastructure via
wired network
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXC7vCcg2xo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDUDO3yA2Bs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ge4rG8ER_CU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br5aJa6MkBc
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