GRAMMAR
FOR IELTS
The Element of Sentence
KOBI EDUCATION
TOPICS
The Element of Sentence
Subject Verb Agreement
Essential Tenses: 5 Tenses
Modals + Passive Voice
Degree of Comparison
Gerund and To Infinitive
Clauses in English
Sentence Structures
• Simple sentence merupakan kalimat yang sederhana dan gampang untuk dibuat. Kalimat ini hanya terdiri dari
satu klausa dimana hanya menampung subjek dan juga predikat.
Pada dasarnya, simple sentence memiliki rumus seperti ini:
Subject + Verb + Complement / Object
• Compound sentence merupakan kalimat yang terdiri dari dua kalimat sederhana (simple sentence). Hal ini dapat
terjadi jika dua kalimat sederhana tersebut disisipkan coordinate conjunction (penghubung) diantaranya.
Coordinate conjunction terdiri dari for, and, nor but, or, yet, so, dll.
• Complex sentence merupakan kalimat yang terdiri dari dua klausa. Dua klausa yang selalu ada dalam complex
sentence adalah main / independent clause (induk kalimat) dan dependent clause (anak kalimat).
Berbeda dengan compound sentence, complex sentence digabungkan dengan subordinate
conjunction atau subordinating conjunction!
Subordinate conjunction terdiri dari before, after, when, while, in order to, although, even though, whenever,
wherever, even if, as if, dan lain-lain.
THE ELEMENT OF SENTENCE
01 02 03
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
• Kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris harus
memiliki setidaknya Subjek dan Verb.
• Kalimat harus diakhiri oleh titik (.)
• Simple Sentence = S + V atau S + V + O
atau S +V + Ket atau S + V + O + Ket
• Subjek adalah pelaku. Orang
atau benda yang melakukan
aktivitas dalam suatu kalimat.
01
• Subjek itu selalu kata benda
(Noun)
WHAT IS • Coba sebutkan Noun yang
kamu tahu!
SUBJECT?
Different Types of Noun
Noun bukan hanya benda/objek yang bisa dilihat, seperti: book, food, dll.
Noun juga bisa berbentuk:
1. Noun kata benda abstrak dan bisa dilihat
Contoh: chair, idea, graph
2. Noun Phrase kumpulan kata yang secara keseluruhan menjadi kata benda
Contoh: The provided map illustrates residential areas.
3. Pronoun Kata ganti orang (I, you, they, we, she, he, it)
Contoh: I personally agree with the statement.
4. Noun Clause Klausa yang berupa kata benda
Contoh: What the bar graph shows is relevant.
5. Gerund V-ing yang berupa kata benda
Contoh: Making bricks includes seven steps of process.
6. To Infinitive To + V1 yang berupa kata benda
Contoh: To replace the woodland with school building takes one year.
Exercise 1
Identify the Subject!
Identifikasilah Subject yang ada di kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini:
1. Your new neighbors are very noisy.
2. Drinking beer is not permitted.
3. The professor stepped off the pavement.
4. We will conceal your name and address to ensure confidentiality.
5. The car I bought yesterday has the latest ignition system.
Exercise 2
Subject in IELTS essay!
Identifikasilah Subject yang ada di essay ini:
Overall, clothing exports from both Colombia and Myanmar
had increased from their initial values by the end of the
period shown. Japanese clothing exports, on the other hand,
had slightly declined. Interestingly, Colombian and Japanese
exports showed relatively small fluctuations from 1999-2003
whereas exports from Myanmar were extremely volatile.
Answer
Overall, clothing exports from both Colombia and Myanmar
had increased from their initial values by the end of the
period shown. Japanese clothing exports, on the other hand,
had slightly declined. Interestingly, Colombian and Japanese
exports showed relatively small fluctuations from 1999-2003
whereas exports from Myanmar were extremely volatile.
• Verb adalah kata kerja dan ”to be”.
Contoh Verb: eat, show, is
• Contoh Verb dalam kalimat:
02 • The bar graph shows a gradual
increase.
• Nowadays, children are curious.
WHAT IS • Coba sebutkan Verb yang kamu
tahu!
VERB?
Different Types of Verb
Verb Dasar (Kamus) V1 V2 V3 V-ing
To show Show Showed Showed Showing
To consume Consume Consumed Consumed Consuming
To take Take Took Taken Taking
To come Come Came Come Coming
To be Is/am/are Was/were Have/has been … (To be) being
Verb “be” and “seem”
Verb “be” dan “seem” dinamakan linking verb.
Apapun yang muncul setelah verb “be” atau “seem” disebut complement.
Apa itu Complement? Complement terdiri dari ANA (ADJECTIVE, NOUN, ADVERB)
Contoh: She is beautiful. (ADJECTIVE)
She is a teacher. (NOUN)
She is here. (ADVERB)
Exercise 3
Identify the Verb!
Identifikasilah Verb yang ada di kalimat ini:
1. He plays the piano in a jazz club.
2. David is singing in the shower again.
3. He was told to be quiet.
4. His arm swelled up after the accident.
5. The population has increased by 6% since 1970.
Exercise 4
Verb in IELTS essay!
Identifikasilah Verb yang ada di essay ini:
Overall, clothing exports from both Colombia and Myanmar
had increased from their initial values by the end of the
period shown. Japanese clothing exports, on the other hand,
had slightly declined. Interestingly, Colombian and Japanese
exports showed relatively small fluctuations from 1999-2003
whereas exports from Myanmar were extremely volatile.
Answer
Overall, clothing exports from both Colombia and Myanmar
had increased from their initial values by the end of the
period shown. Japanese clothing exports, on the other hand,
had slightly declined. Interestingly, Colombian and Japanese
exports showed relatively small fluctuations from 1999-2003
whereas exports from Myanmar were extremely volatile.
• Object adalah orang atau benda
yang dikenakan pekerjaan dalam
suatu kalimat.
Contoh: Nowadays, children have
03 watched too much tv.
• Yang mana Object-nya? Ya,
Object-nya adalah tv.
WHAT IS
• Mengapa? Karena tv adalah benda
OBJECT? yang ditonton oleh anak-anak.
Does a sentence always Adapula Verb yang tidak membutuhkan
Object disebut Intransitive Verb (IV).
need an object?
Contoh IV:
arrive, come, faint, go, sit down, sleep, snow.
Apakah setiap kalimat perlu Object?
Jawabannya adalah tidak. Bergantung pada Contoh kalimat:
Verb di kalimat tersebut. • We arrived at 11 a.m.
• We arrived the station at 11 a.m.
Ada Verb yang membutuhkan Object
disebut Transitive Verbs (TV).
Adapula Verb yang bisa membutuhkan
Contoh TV: Object dan tidak.
beat, contain, hit, enjoy, need.
Contoh Verb TV dan IV:
Contoh kalimat: begin, drop, hurt, open, ring, win.
• People need air to breathe.
• People need. Contoh Kalimat:
• Minion won the All England match.
• Minion won.
Exercise 5
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Exercise 6
Exercise of Sentence
Instruksi: Urutkanlah kalimat yang belum benar urutannya. Kemudian identifikasilah
Subject (S), Verb (V), dan Object (O).
Answer
List of Pronoun in English
Subject Object Possessive Adjective Possessive Pronouns
I Me My Mine
You You Your Yours
We Us Our Ours
They Them Their Theirs
He Him His His
She Her Her Hers
It It Its Its
Examples:
SHE told ME that IT is HER bag. I wonder where is MINE.
• Create your own noun phrase
1. The best defense against the atom bomb
2. An amazing and lovely girlfriend of my brother in law
MODALS
Modals are ALWAYS followed by V1.
Can/Could
Will/Would
Shall/Should
+ V1
May/Might
Must
Have/Has to
Example:
Doctors may provide their own medical services out of hospitals.
One has to take responsibility for the damage.
References
• https://www.ucl.ac.uk
• Longman English Grammar Practice for Intermediate Students
• Longman Complete Course Book
Thanks !
Any questions?
