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283 views5 pagesAstm D1816-12
The document outlines the standard test method for determining the dielectric breakdown voltage of insulating liquids using VDE electrodes, applicable to various insulating oils and fluids. It emphasizes the importance of cleanliness, proper electrode spacing, and adherence to safety practices during testing. The method is designed for both laboratory and field tests, ensuring accurate measurement and compliance with professional standards.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
283 views5 pagesAstm D1816-12
The document outlines the standard test method for determining the dielectric breakdown voltage of insulating liquids using VDE electrodes, applicable to various insulating oils and fluids. It emphasizes the importance of cleanliness, proper electrode spacing, and adherence to safety practices during testing. The method is designed for both laboratory and field tests, ensuring accurate measurement and compliance with professional standards.
Uploaded by
Jitendra RathiCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
/ 5
¢ Designation: D1816 - 12
‘Standard Test Method for
Dielectric Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquids Using
VDE Electrodes’
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1. Seope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the diclec-
‘tic breakdown voltage of insulating liquids (oils of petrolcum
origin, silicone fluids, high fire-point mineral electrical insu-
lating oils, synthetic ester fluids and natural ester fluids), This
test method is applicable to insulating liquids commonly used
in cables, transformers, oil circuit breakers, and similar appa-
ratus as aninsulating and cooling medium. Refer to Terminol-
‘ogy D2864 for definitions used inthis test method.
1.2 This test method is sensitive to the deleterious effects of
moisture insolation especially when cellilosic fibers are
‘present in the liquid. Ithas been found to be especially useful
in diagnostic and laboratory investigations of the dielectric
‘breakdown strength of insulating liquid in insulating systems.
1.3 This test meth is used to judge if the VDE electrode
‘breakdown voltage requirements are met for insulating liquid.
‘This test method should be used as recommended by profes-
sional organization standards such as IEEE C57.106.
1.4 This test method may be used to obtain the dielectric
‘breakdown of silicone fluid as specified in Test Method D2225
and Specification D4652, provided that the discharge energy
into the sample is less than 20 ml (milli joule) per breakdown,
for five consecutive breakdowns,
1.5 Both the metric and the alternative inch-pound units are
acceptable.
18 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concems, if any, associated with its use. It 1s the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use
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2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:*
D235 Specification for Mineral Spisits (Petroleum Spirits)
(lydrocatbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)
10925 Practices for Sampling Electical Insulating Liquids
12225 Test Methods for Silicone Fluids Used for Bectrical
Tslation
2864 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulating Lig-
ids ani Gases
D387 Specification for Mineral Insulating Oil Used in
loctrical Apparatus
4652 Specification for Silicone Fluid Used for Electrical
Insulation
D6ETI Specification for Natural (Vegetable Oil) Ester Fluids
Used in Electrical Apparatus
2.2 IEEE Standard:
Stantari 4TEEE Standard Techniques for High Voltage
Testing*
57.106 Guide for Acceptance and Maintenance of Insulat-
ing Oil in Equipment
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The dielecue breakdown voltage ofan insulating iguid
is of importance as a measure of the liquid's ability to
‘withstand electric stress without failure. The dieleeuic break-
down voltage serves to indicae the presence of contaminating
agents such as water din, ealulesic fibers, or conducting
particles inthe liquid, one of mere of which may be presentin
nificant concentations when low breakclown voltages are
btained. However, a high dickectic breakdown voltage does
not necessaily indicate the absence of all contaminants, it may
merely indicate thatthe concentrations of contaminants that are
present in the Tiguid between the electmdes are not large
enough to deleteriously affect the average breakdown voltage
of the liquid when tested by this test method (see Appendix
x1)
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43.2 This test methou is used in laboratory or field tests. For
field breakdown results tobe comparable to laboratory resus,
all criteria including room temperature (20 10 30°C) must be
4. Electrical Apparatus
4.1 In additien to this section, use IEEE Standard 4 to
determine other requitemerts necesay for conducting test
‘measurements, and maintaining ertor limits using alternating
vokages. Procedures to ensure accwacy should fallew the
requirements of IBEE Standard 4. Calibration(s) shall be
tuaceable to national stands ard calibratien should be
verified annually or more often to ensure accuracy require
ments. IEEE Standard 4 is required during the manufacturing
of the test apparatus and utilized during calibration of the
‘equipment
4.1 Test Voltage—The test voltage shall be an alternating
voltage having a frequency in the range from 45 to 65 Hz,
normally referred to as power frequency voltage. The voltage
‘wave shape shculd approximate a sinusoid with both half
cycles closely alike, and it should have a ratio of peak-to-rms
values equal to the squate root of 2 within =5 %,
4.1.2 Generation of the Test Voltage— The test voltage is
‘generally supplied by a transformer or resonant circuit. The
voltage in the test circuit should be stable enough to be
unaffected by varying current flowing in the capacitive and
resisive paths ofthe test circuit. Non-disruptive discharges in
the test circuit should not reduce the test voltage to such an
cextert, and for such a time, that the disruptive discharge
(breakdown) voltage of the test spocimen is significantly
affected, Inthe case of a transformer, the short-circuit current
delivered by the transformer should be sufficicnt to maintain
the test voltage within 3% during transient current pulses or
discharges, and a short circuit current of 0.1 A may suffice.
4.13 Disruprive Voltage Measurement— Design the mea-
surement circuit so the voltage recorded at the breakdown is
‘the maximum vokage across the test spacimen immediately
prior to the disruptive breakdown, with an error no greater than
3%.
42 Circuit-Interrupting Equipment— Design the circuit
‘used to interrupt the disruptive discharge through the specimen
to operate when the voltage across the specimen has collapsed
to less than 100 V. It is recommended that the circuit design
limit the disruptive cunent duration and magnituic to low
‘values that will minimize damage to the electrodes and limit
formation of non-soluble materials resulting from the break-
down, but consistent with the requirements of 4.1.2, but in no
‘case should the shoitcireuit current exceed 1 mA/KV of
applied voltage,
43 Voltage Control Equipment—Use a rate of voltage rise
0f0.5KVis. The tolerance of the rate of tise should be 5 % For
any new equipment manufactured after the year 2000. Auco-
matic equipment should be used to control the voltage rate of
rige because of the difficulty of maintaining 2 uniform voliage
rige manually. The equipment should produce a straight-line
voltage-time curve over the operating range of the equipment.
Calibrate and label sutomatic controls in terms
eEEKGLUSIO NEN
NALD
44 Measuring Systems—The voltage shall be measured by
‘amethod that Fulills the requirements of IEEE Standard No.4,
siving rms values
45 Connect the electrede such thal the voltage measured
from cach electrovde with respect to ground during the testis
equal within 5 %.
46 Accuracy—The combined accuracy of the voltmeter and
voltage divider circuit shall be such that measurement error
doesnotexceed 3 % at the rate-of-vollage rise specified in 4.3.
For equipment manifactured prior 10 1995 the maximum
allowable esvor is 5%
5, Electrodes
5.1 The electmdes shall be polished brass spherically.
cappedelectrades of the VDE (Verbund Deutscher Flektrotech-
riker, Specification 0370) type having the dimensions shown,
in Fig. | =1.%, mounted with axes horizontal and coincident
within + 1 mm,
6, Test Cell
6.1 The test cell shall be designed to permit easy removal of |
the electrodes for cleaning and polishing, verification that the
shape is within the specified tolerance, and to pemnit easy
adjustment of the gp spacing. The vector sum of the resistive
and capacitive current of the cup, when filled with oil meeting
the requirements of Specification D3487, shall be less than 200
HA w 20 KV, at power frequency. Mount the electrodes rigidly
from opposite sides with the spacing axially centered within
1 mm, Clearance from the electrodes to all sides, bottom,
cover or baffle, and any part of the stitring device is at least
12.7 mm (‘4 in.). Provide the test cell with a mowr-driven
wo-bladed impeller and drive shaft, constructed of a material
having high dieleewic strength. The wo-bladed impellers 35,
mm (1% in.) 5% beiween the blade extremities, having a
piteh of 40 mm (1.57 in.) +5 % (blade angle of twenty degrees
4.MM RAD
36 MM DIA
FIG.1 VDE Electrode
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Dowalondedrintdy df]y piste — 12
(20°) + 5 %), operating ata speed between 200 and 300 rpm.
‘The impeller, located below the lower edge of the electrodes,
rotates in such a direction that the resulking liquid flow is
directed downward against the bottom of the test cell. Con-
struct the test cell ofa material of high dielectric strength, that
is not soluble in of attacked by any of the cleaning or test.
Iiguids used, and isnonabsorbent to moisture and the cleaning
and test liguids, So that the breakdown may be observed,
twansparent malerials are desirable, buc not essential. In order to
preclude stirring air with the sample, provide the cell with a
‘cover or bafile that will effectively prevent air from contacting
the circulating liquid.
7. Adjustment and Care of Eledrodes and ‘Test Cell
7.1 Electrode Spacing—With the electrodes held firmly in
place, check the clectrodes with a standard round gage for 2 =
0.03-mm (0.079-in) spacing. Ifa diclectrie breakdown does
rot occur during any of the consecutive breakdown tests using
the 2-mm spacing or the sample is not adequate for the 2mm.
spacing test cell a1 + 0.03-mm (0.039-1n.) spacing should be
‘used to determine the breakdown voltage and the spacing
reported. Flat “go” and “no-go” gages may be substitated
having thicknesses of the specified value 0.03 mm for
‘electrode spacing of | or 2 mm, Ifitismecessary to readjust the
electrodes, set the electrodes firmly in place and cheek the
spacing. For referee tests or tests that will be used for close
‘comparisons, the laboratories shall agree in advance on the
spacing for the tests and ensure that all other requirements of
this test method are met. The spacing agreed upon shall be
‘measured with the gage that corresponds exactly to the selected
spacing within tolerance stated above for the gage.
7.2 Cleaning—Wipe the clectrodes an cell clean with dry,
lint-free tssuc paper, ora cleandry chamois, [tis important to
avoid touching the electrodes or the cleaned gage with the
fingers or with portions ofthe tissue paper or chameis that have
been incontact with the hands Afteradjustmentof the spacing,
rinse the cell with adry hydrocarbon solvent, such as kerosine
‘or solvents of Specification D235. Do not use a low boiling,
Point solvent, as its rapid evaporation may cool the cell,
moisture condensation. If this occurs, before using,
‘warm the cell to evaporate the moisture. Avoid touching the
clecttodes or the inside of the cell ater cleaving. After
thorough cleaning, flush the cell with new insulating liquid of
the type to be tested that is filtered through a Semicron filter or
smaller and containing less than 25 ppm moisture. Conduct a
voltage breakdown test on a specimen of this insulating liquid
in the manner specified in this test method. Ifthe breakdown
voltage is in the expected range for this conditioned insulating
liquid, the cel is considered properly prepared for testing other
samples. A lower than antidpatel value is considered as
evidence of cell contamination; then repeat the cleaning and
the breakdown test with clean dry insulating Tiguid.
7.3 Daily Use—Ai the beginning of each day's testing, the