INFORMATION SHEET 3.

TOOLS NEEDED IN FURNITURE AND CABINET MAKING

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CLASSIFICATION OF HANDTOOLS

A. MEASURING TOOLS

1. Pull-Push Rule - flexible tape that slides into a material case and it is used to
measure irregular and regular shapes.
2. Ruler - 12-inch or one foot rule and it is used to take/make simple measurements.

B. MARKING LINING TOOLS

1. Pencil - used to layout or mark cutting lines.
2. Marking Gauge - wood or metal tool consisting of a beam, head and a point
3. Chalk Line - used to establish a straight line on a surface.
C. TESTING TOOLS
1. Try Square - tool used in squaring, measuring and testing the squareness
of a wood.
2. Steel Square - framing square used to mark out the work for squaring and checking of angles
and is used in the construction of roof framing and large furniture.
3. Level Bar - tool used for testing vertical and horizontal surfaces.

D. EDGE CUTTING TOOLS

1. Chisel - tool used to trim and shape wood.
2. Plane - used to obtain a smooth and flat surface.
3. Spoke shave - small plane like tool from irregularly shaped objects.

E. TOOTH-CUTTING TOOLS
1. Cross Cut Saw - handsaw used to cut the wood across the grain.
2. Rip-saw - hand saw used to cut the wood along the grain.
3. Back Saw - handsaw with a metal back and plywood and joinery.

4. Coping Saw - u-shaped saw used for cutting irregular shape in small board.

F. BORING TOOLS
1. Auger bit - tool used to make hole in woods.
2. Expansive bit - tool used to drill holes of various sizes in woods.
3. Drill Bit - tool used for boring holes either in metals, woods or plastics.
 G. HOLDING TOOLS
1. C-Clamp - used for holding together pieces of lumber while working.
2. Bench Vise - used to hold any materials or tools in place.
3. Bar Clamp - used to hold large boards or frames together while assembling or gluing.

H. MISCELLANEOUS TOOLS
1. Oil Stone - used for sharpening edge cutting tools such as chisel.
2. Files - used to smoothen metal and wood surfaces.
3. Paint Brush - used to apply paint or varnish on wood surfaces
4. Nail Set - used to drive the head of nails lower than surface of wood.
- a thin sheet of metal used to scrape off excess finishing materials or
5. Scraper/Pallet dirt on the surface of wood.
6. Push Block - used for safe planing in the machines
I. PORTABLE POWERTOOLS
1. Sander - portable power tool used for sanding furniture pieces.
2. Router - used for shaping surfaces and edges of furniture parts.
3. Jigsaw - power tool used primarily for cutting curved or irregular
shapes of wood surfaces.
4. Circular saw - power saw used for many types of cutting, particularly on
large panel stock.
5. Electric Drill - power drill which is used to drill holes in various materials to
perform a multitude of tasks.
J. DRIVING TOOLS
1. Claw Hammer - used to drive and pull-out nails on wooden surfaces.
2. Rubber Mallet - made out of wood or rubber used to drive other tools like
chisel.
3. Screw Driver - used to drive and loose screws.

WOOD JOINERY
A wood joint is a traditional method of connecting two pieces of wood. While adhesives can be used in
place of a wood joint, a good wood joint can aid to strengthen that joint. Different wood joint types and
designs are accessible to woodworkers, allowing a variety of creative alternatives when assembling
furniture, flooring, and other items.

Common Types of Wood Joints

1. Butt joint - The end of a timber board is

referred to as the "butt," and woodworkers
build this junction by joining two ends at a
straight angle to produce a corner.
Mechanical fasteners, such as nails or
screws, are required to keep this joinery in
place.
2. Miter joint - This joinery method joins two butts that have been cut at an angle. The strength of the
corner is an advantage of utilizing this strategy. You will get a smooth appearance with no end grain.

3. Half-lap joint - This connection is used by woodworkers to bring two boards together to create a
flush surface.

4. Cross-lap Joint
If the wood joint forms in the middle of both boards, it is called a cross lap joint instead.

5. Tongue and Grove joint - Carpenters use this option to attach two flat boards together to make a
larger wooden panel. One has a carved long edge at the edge, while the other has a groove cut in to
accept the board extension. It can be used as a stay-put adhesive or fastener for flooring, furniture,
and other similar purposes.
6. Dado Joint - dado joinery is comparable to tongue and groove joinery. The sole distinction is that a
dado is cut across the grain of the wood, whereas a groove is cut in the direction of the grain, which
is usually along the length of the board. Furthermore, there is no tongue carved on the edges; instead,
the groove is cut larger to accept the mating piece's thickness. t is commonly used by furniture
makers and woodworkers for plywood, fiberboard, and other pressed items. This technique is
frequently used to make a durable result in builder's grade cabinets.

7. Mortise and Tenon Joint - this woodworking joint was one of the first ways of construction
created. Mortise and Tenon joinery remains one of the strongest wood joins for framing and
construction. The method is comparable to tongue and groove joinery, except that a huge square and
receptacle produce seamless joinery. To finish, accurate measuring and skill are required.
Nonetheless, the strategy is one of the most beautiful connecting methods we use. To be usable, the
joint normally requires a 90-degree connection. This form of wood joint is commonly used in
furniture construction and crafts. Your table legs are most likely bonded by a stopped mortise and
tenon joint, but chair legs are frequently attached using angle mortise.

8. Dovetail Joints - woodworkers utilize this method to reinforce a corner. It creates a robust edge with
interlock joinery with a succession of pins and tails that can be used for furniture, cabinetry, and
framing. Hand skills and machining are effective methods for developing it. However, the required
workmanship takes more time than alternative joinery options.
9. Rabbet Joint - this joint is created by carving a recess into the edge of the timber. It resembles the
projecting edge of a tongue and groove joint, except that it only has one side cut out of it rather than
two. The rabbet joinery is a simple wood junction that is far stronger than the butt joint.

10. Bridle Joint – this method makes use of a modified mortise and tenon joint. Woodworkers produce
a long edge that fits into a grooved receptacle rather than cutting a square piece to form a corner. It
forms a right angle with three appropriate surfaces that hold glue for extra strength through this
connection.