Good

AFTERNOON
Kumusta ang mga baby

LPTs?
Understanding the
SELF
Philosophical Perspectives of the

SELF
Philosophy
• Greek words “Philos” and
“Sophia”, “love for
wisdom”
WTF?
WTF (who’s the FUNswer)?
According to him, the soul is a thinking and willing subject.
Socrates
 Socrates
• Human is a being that thinks and wills.
• “know thyself”
• “unexamined life is not worth living”. An examined life is
only for those who have at least achieved self-moderation
and can distinguish what is right from wrong.
• “I know that I do not know” only in the recognition of one’s
ignorance that a person can truly know oneself.
• Dualism—that man is composed of an imperfect and
impermanent body and a perfect and permanent soul
WTF (who’s the FUNswer)?
He said that human behavior flows from the three main sources:
desire, emotion, and knowledge.
Plato
 Plato
• Dichotomy of body and soul
• Soul is divided into three parts
Appetitive Spirited Rational
Basic needs Emotion and Passion Reason and Intellect.
Driven by the desire to Can be attributed to the Seeks truth and is
satisfy oneself. courage of the person swayed by facts and
Includes hunger, thirst, arguments.
and sexual desire.

• Desire (appetitive), emotion (spirited), and knowledge

(rational).
• Genuine happiness can only be achieved by those who
consistently make sure that their reason is in control of their
spirit and appetites
WTF (who’s the FUNswer)?
The author of the Republic.

Plato
 Aristotle
• No Dichotomy, body and soul are in state of unity,
inseparable
• Soul –the form of the body
• Body –the matter of the soul
• humans are political animals (i.e. social animals), and
governments are set up to pursue good for the community.
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The soul of the human being is the form of the human body or
the human matter.

Hylomorphism
The metaphysical view according to which every physical entity
or being consists of two intrinsic principles, one potential, namely,
primary matter, and one actual, namely, substantial form. It was
the central doctrine of Aristotle’s philosophy of nature.
 St. Augustine
• heart is restless until it finds rest in You
• Man’s end goal is happiness. Man can only find true and
eternal happiness in God.
• God created human with a mortal body with an immortal
soul and gave him/her free will (the source of evil).
WTF (who’s the FUNswer)?
The author of the statement “ Cogito Ergo Sum”

Rene Descartes
 Rene Descartes
• “Cogito Ergo Sum” which means “I think, therefore I am.”
• A person is comprised of mind and body (Cognito- the
thing that thinks “mind”; Extenza- the extension “body”)
• Man is a machine and a thinking being, a thing that thinks.
WTF (who’s the FUNswer)?
According to him, all men are created equal.

John Locke
Theory of natural rights: "All men are born equally free and
independent and have certain inherent natural rights of which they
cannot, by any compact, deprive or divest their posterity; among
which are the enjoyment of life and liberty, with the means of
acquiring and possessing property, and pursuing and obtaining
happiness and safety."
 John Locke
• He concluded that personal identity is not in the brain but
in one’s consciousness.
• The human mind at birth is "Tabula Rasa," which means a
blank slate.
• Through experience, a person can gather sense data that
eventually becomes sense perception
WTF (who’s the FUNswer)?
The author of Bundle Theory.

David Hume
Bundle Theory
• “there is no permanent self”
• The self is only the accumulation of different impressions (bundle of
perceptions).
• According to him, “what we called the mind is nothing but a heap
or collection of different perceptions
 Immanuel Kant
• self is transcendental, which means the “self” is related to a
spiritual and non-physical realm.
• Transcendental Unity of Apperception. Self is always
transcendental. It is not in the body but outside the body
and even beyond the qualities of the body.
• Our rationality unifies and makes sense of the perceptions
we have in our experiences and make sensible ideas about
ourselves and the world
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
According to Immanuel Kant, what is supernatural or
beyond the human experience.

Transcendental
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The mental process by which a person makes sense of an
idea by assimilating it to the ideas he/she already possesses.

Apperceptions
Psychological Perspectives of the

SELF
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The term for unconscious mental process and is sometimes
described as “depth psychology.”

Psychoanalysis
a therapeutic approach and theory, founded by Sigmund Freud,
that seeks to explore the unconscious mind to uncover repressed
feelings and interpret deep-rooted emotional patterns, often using
techniques like dream analysis and free association.
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The defense mechanism employed by the ego.

Repression
involves unconsciously blocking unwanted thoughts or impulses.

Suppression is entirely voluntary. Specifically, suppression is

deliberately trying to forget or not think about painful or unwanted
thoughts.
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
Its goal is to satisfy the demands of the id in a safe and a
socially acceptable way.

Ego
WTF (who’s the FUNswer)?
He coined the eight stages of psychosocial development,
from infancy to adulthood.

Erik Erickson
WTF (who’s the FUNswer)?
Who created the Social Learning Theory which emphasizes
the importance of observing, modelling, and imitating
behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others?
Albert Bandura
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
A person’s belief in his/her ability to suceed in a particular
situation.

Self-efficacy (Bandura)
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The highest level in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.

Self-actualization
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is one of the best-
known theories of motivation. Maslow's theory states that our
actions are motivated by certain physiological and
psychological needs that progress from basic to complex.
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
In what level of needs does sex belong?

Physiological Needs
Sociological Perspectives of the

SELF
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The multifaceted analysis of the self-concept based on the
social nature of the self.

Social Self
WTF (who’s the FUNswer)?
He created the Looking Glass Self Theory.
Charles Horton Cooley
 Looking Glass Self
• Charles Horton Cooley
• A person’s self grows out of society’s interpersonal
interactions and the perceptions of others.
• You imagine how you appear to the other person; and you
imagine the judgement of the other person; then you feel
some sense of pride, happiness, guilt, or shame.
WTF (who’s the FUNswer)?
According to his theory, the self, as a person’s distinct
identity, is only developed through social interactions

George Herbert Mead

 Mead’s Theory of the Self
• completely social.
• The self develops through interacting with others, reflecting
on that interaction, and thinking about how others
perceive you, and that helps you generate an image of
yourself.
Anthropological Perspectives of the

SELF
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The term for the totality of the social behavior, institutions, and
norms found in human societies, as well as the knowledge,
beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and habits of the
individuals in these groups.
Culture
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
A group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction.
Society
Mores
The social norms that
are widely observed
within a particular
society or culture.

Folkways
Category of norm that
is roughly translated to
social or cultural
custom.
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
It denotes the degree of importance of something or action
with the aim of determining which actions are best to do.
Values
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
A system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written
symbols by means of which human beings, as members of
social group and participants in its culture, express themselves.
Language
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad
and morally right and wrong.

Ethics
Cognitive Aspect of the

SELF
 “I” and “Me”
• William James
• The “I” is the thinking, acting, and feeling self (knower); it is
also the one who acts and decides. The "me,” on the other
hand, is what you think or feel about yourself as an object;
it is the physical characteristics as well as the psychological
capabilities that make you who you are (known). This has 3
categories: The material self consists of what belongs to a
person, such as their body, family, clothes, and money. The
social self marks who you are in a specific social situation.
The spiritual self is who we are at our core, including our
personality, values, and conscience.
 Real vs. Ideal Self
• Carl Roger’s Self Theory
• Self-concept. Defined as the totality of a complex,
organized, and dynamic system of learned beliefs,
attitudes, and opinions that each person holds to be true
about his or her personal existence.
• The real self is who we actually are. It is how we think, feel,
look, and act.
• The ideal self is who we want to be. It is an idealized image
that we have developed over time, based on what we
have learned and experienced.
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The real and ideal selves are not aligned.

Incongruence
If the way that I am (real self) is aligned with the way that I
want to be (ideal self), then I will feel a sense of mental well-
being, or peace of mind. If I am not aligned with how I
want to be, the incongruence, or lack of alignment, will
result in mental distress or anxiety.
Political Aspect of the

SELF
POLITICAL SELF
• representation of oneself about him/herself
• based on the interest and perspective of one social organizations

Rignts
legal, social, or ethical, principles of freedom or entitlement: that
is rights are fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of
people or owed to people according to some legal system, social
convention, or ethical theory.
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The fundamental law of the land.

Constitution
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The enumeration of the individual rights.

Bill of Rights
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The right to vote.

Suffrage
Suffrage
• political franchise, or simply franchise, is the right to vote in public
political elections

Active Suffrage -the right to vote

Passive Suffrage -the right to stand for an election
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The right to vote and be elected.

Political Rights
The Strengths of the Filipino Character
1. Pakikipagkapwa-tao (regard for others)
2. Family orientation
3. Joy and humor
4. Flexibility, Adaptability, Creativity
5. Hard work and Industry
6. Faith and Religiosity
7. Ability to Survive
The Weaknesses of the Filipino Character
1. Extreme personalism
2. Extreme family centeredness (Nepotism)
3. Lack of discipline (Filipino Time)
4. Passivity and lack of initiative
5. Colonial Mentality
6. Kanya-kanya Syndrome (Crab Mentality)
7. Lack of Self-analysis and self-reflection
 Ambivalence of Filipino Values
Filipino values and moral norms are ambivalent, such that they have
the potential for good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice,
strength and weakness.
1. Hiya (shame)
2. Ningas cogon (procrastination)
3. Pakikisama (group loyalty)
4. Patigasan (test of strength)
5. Bahala na (resignation)
 Ambivalence of Filipino Values
Filipino values and moral norms are ambivalent, such that they have
the potential for good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice,
strength and weakness.
6. Kasi (scapegoat)
7. Saving face
8. Sakop (inclusion)
9. Mañana or Bukas na
10. Utang na Loob
11. Kanya-kanya
Material Aspect of the

SELF
ECONOMIC SELF
is how people maintain extensions of themselves through material
possessions and maintenance of lifestyles. In the context of what the
society values as needs and wants.

Economic self-sufficiency
Earning a total family income at a level that enables a family unit
to support itself without receipt of cash assistance grant.
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The ability of individuals and families to maintain sufficient
income to consistently meet their basic needs –including food,
housing, utilities, health care, transportation, taxes, dependent
care, and clothing with no or minimal financial assistance or
subsidies from private or public.
Economic self-sufficiency
Needs
Important for survival

Wants
Luxuries
Physical and Sexual Aspects of the

SELF
SEXUAL SELF
is how we understand our bodies and how we understand our
relationships. Basically, a way to describe the feelings you have for
someone you fancy of attracted to.

SOGIE (Sexual Orientation, Gender

Identity and Expression)
Sexual Orientation
Describes to whom a person is sexually attracted. Some people are
attracted to people of a particular gender; others are attracted to
people of more than one gender. Some are not attracted to anyone.

Asexual (Ace). not sexually attracted to anyone and/or no desire

to act on attraction to anyone.
Bisexual. attracted to people of one’s own gender and people of
other gender(s)
Gay. generally, refers to a man who is attracted to men. Sometimes
refers to all people who are attracted to people of the same sex;
sometimes “homosexual” is used for this also.
Lesbian. a woman who is attracted to women. Sometimes also or
alternately “same-gender-loving woman” or “woman loving woman.”
Pansexual . attracted to people regardless of gender. Sometimes
also or alternately “omnisexual” or “polysexual.”
Queer. traditionally a derogatory term yet reclaimed and
appropriated by some LGBTQ individuals as a term of self-identification.
It is an umbrella term which embraces a matrix of sexual preferences,
gender expressions, and habits that are not of the heterosexual,
heteronormative, or gender-binary majority
Straight/Heterosexual. - attracted to people of the “opposite”
sex
Gender Identity and Expression
The ways in which a person identifies and/or expresses their gender,
including self-image, appearance, and embodiment of gender roles.
One’s sex (e.g. male, female, intersex, etc.) is usually assigned at birth
based on one’s physical biology. One’s gender (e.g. male, female,
genderqueer, etc.) is one’s internal sense of self and identity. One’s
gender expression (e.g. masculine, feminine, androgynous, etc.) is how
one embodies gender attributes, presentations, roles, and more
Androgyny. The mixing of masculine and feminine gender
expression or the lack of gender identification.
Cisgender. A gender identity that society considers to “match” the
biological sex assigned at birth
Crossdresser. Cross-dressing refers to occasionally wearing clothing
of the “opposite” gender, and someone who considers this an integral
part of their identity. Cross-dressing is not necessarily tied to erotic
activity or sexual orientation.
Genderqueer/Third Gender/Gender Fluid. - These terms
are used by people who identify as being between and/or other than
male or female. They may feel they are neither, a little bit of both, or
they may simply feel restricted by gender labels.
Intersex. A general term used for a variety of genetic, hormonal, or
anatomical conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or
sexual anatomy that doesn’t seem to fit the typical definitions of
female or male.
Transgender. First coined to distinguish gender benders with no
desire for surgery or hormones from those transexuals.
Transexual. individuals who have medically and legally changed
their sex, or who wish to do so.
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The one’s assignment upon birth and is dependent in physical
feature.
Biological Self
Sex
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
It refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls, and boys
that are socially constructed.
Gender
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The term for a person whose gender is flexible regarding the sex
with which they identify.

Fluid
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
A sexual, romantic, or emotional attraction towards people
regardless of their sex or gender identity.

Pansexual
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
The deliberate prevention of conception or impregnation by
any of the various drugs, techniques, or devices.

Contraception (birth control)

WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
A surgical procedure to cut or seal the tubes that carry a man’s
sperm to permanently prevent pregnancy.

Vasectomy
Female sterilization. An operation to permanently prevent
pregnancy. The fallopian tubes are blocked or sealed to prevent
the eggs from reaching the sperm and becoming fertilized.
WTF (what’s the FUNswer)?
A normal reaction of our physiological and psychological self to
any kind of demand or threat.

Stress
Eustress. It is a beneficial stress (good stress) that can be in the
form of physical, psychological and biological stimuli.
Distress. It is also known as bad stress. It occurs when there is a
tension buildup which becomes unbearable and difficult to cope
with.
I am a LPT, of course….
Soft skills like broad-mindedness, human relation,
and congeniality belong to the _______ domain of
education.
a. Psychological
b. Psychomotor
c. Cognitive
d. Affective

D
The union of an ovum and a sperm inside a test tube
is called ______________ fertilization.
a. asexual
b. sexual
c. In vitro
d. In vivo

C
Ang kasabihang ‘ubos-ubos biyaya, pagkatapos ay
tunganga’, ay tumutukoy sa isang taong _________.
a. waldasera
b. maingay
c. mayabang
d. tamad

A
Society’s customs, traditions, ethics, values, and
practices is ___________________.
a. Psychology
b. Sociology
c. Culture
d. Social behavior

C
The foundation rock of society which develops
values and becomes the cornerstone of peaceful
living is the ___________.
a. home
b. society
c. family
d. town

C
These are the traits of psychosocially healthy person,
except________________.
a. Unable to control anger, tension, anxiety
b. Can work alone and with others
c. Accepts one’s mistakes
d. Looks at the bright side in every situation

A
“A satisfying problem-solving experience improves
one’s ability to cope with the next difficulty.” This
means that ____________
a. It is always difficult to handle problems.
b. Problem solving is a daily activity.
c. Every successful experience strengthens one’s
ability to face difficulties.
d. One has development skills to improve talent
and ability.

C
The following manifest the value of social
responsibility, except ____________.
a. Assistance to the disadvantaged
b. Mutual respect
c. Concerns for others
d. Self-interest

D
People who harbor unjustified dislike for certain
groups of people demonstrate __________
a. Racial prejudice
b. Economic prejudice
c. Individualism
d. Socialism

A
The progress in one’s occupation or workplace is
called ___________
a. Rank status
b. Career development
c. Work award
d. Occupational renewal

B
Of the criteria of personhood, recognition and
acceptance by others are classified as
_________criteria.
a. Cognitive
b. Sentient
c. Genetic
d. Social

D
The tree stages of values development: cognitive,
affective, behavioral may be interpreted that
_______.
a. the value is understood, chosen, and acted
upon
b. the value undergoes transformation
c. values development happens instantaneously
d. the process of values development starts with
argumentation

A
The Department of education crafted the set of
general guidelines in the development of values on
school, regional, and national levels through the
_______.
a. Values Education Curriculum
b. Values Education Practice
c. Values Education Framework
d. Values Education Regulation

C
The science of human behavior is _______.
a. Psychology
b. Philosophy
c. Sociology
d. Anthropology

A
The growth and development vary from person to
person is exemplified in the principle of ___________.
a. Individual differences
b. Reward and punishment
c. Apperceptive basis
d. Reinforcement

A
The strung, highly excitable and perfectionist people
cannot keep still and are always looking at their
watch. These people are usually the ones who have
high blood pleasure, heart disease, and stomach
ulcers because of ____________.
a. sickness
b. stress
c. wealth
d. success

B
The interdisciplinary field which includes studies on
women, men, gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender,
etc. is collectively known as ____________.
a. Sex education
b. Human studies
c. Poverty studies
d. Gender education

D
The lowest form of learning observed among
animals is ______________.
a. Motivation
b. Maturation
c. Conditioning
d. Reinforcement

C
Your neighborhood confides that she is a drug
pusher because she needs the money to support her
lifestyle. The moral principle that you should advise
your neighbor to follow is ________.
a. Principle of double effect
b. The end does not justify the means
c. Between two evils, do the lesser evil
d. Always do what is right

B
The following are what personality theorists
understand the Self to be, but NOT to include
a. the ego, id and superego
b. the individual person
c. the preconscious, conscious, and subconscious
d. the body and soul

D
Of the various personality theorists, who gave
emphasis to the biological instincts, and
unconscious processes as the main factor in the self-
identity, thus introducing the psychoanalysis to help
people?
a. Alfred Adler
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Erik Erikson
d. Carl Jung

B
Of the various personality theorists, who gave
emphasis to underlying traits and dispositions, thus
opening the way for humanistic view of self-identity.
a. Carl Rogers
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Erik Erikson
d. Alfred Adler

A
For Sigmund Freud, what is the source of man’s
instinctive drive at the deepest level of the
unconscious mind that demands immediate
gratification of basic needs of hunger, elimination,
aggression, and sensual stimulation of the Self?
a. Super ego
b. Libido
c. Id
d. Ego

C
For Sigmund Freud, what is the conscious self that
surfaces after gradual awareness of the difference
between one’s own desires and those of other
people?
a. Ego
b. Id
c. Super ego
d. Libido

A
For Sigmund Freud, what is the conscience of the
Self that develops beginning the first five years of
human life to help discriminate right from wrong and
bring forth ideals later on in life, such as shown by
martyrs and heroes.
a. Individuation
b. Super ego
c. Sublimation
d. Extroversion

B
Who introduced the concept of human instinct for
self-realization for perfection, as driving force for
behavior of the self?
a. Erik Erickson
b. Alfred Adler
c. Carl Rogers
d. Abraham Maslow

A
Erik Erikson has the following factors in his theory of
development of the Self, but not to include
a. culture which is a force that helps shape
personality
b. past history that is most important for individuality
c. development which covers the entire life span
d. society that influences development of the Self

B
For Erik Erikson, what is the most basic sense of
reliance of the Self as a Child that gives the strength
of hope gradually becoming faith in adult life?
a. Identity
b. Intimacy
c. Autonomy
d. Trust

D
What is known as self-control that builds up self-
esteem and assertion of individuality of the Self?
a. Autonomy
b. Trust
c. Generativity
d. Intimacy

A
At what stage of human development does an
identity crisis occur when there is role confusion of
the Self and there’s the need to decide what the
future will hold and who you will become?
a. Late adulthood
b. Puberty
c. Adolescence
d. Early adulthood

B
In human growth and maturity, when does Identity of
the Self become the theme of life through
reassessment of priorities and development of
interpersonal sensitivities?
a. Adolescence
b. Puberty
c. Early adulthood
d. Late adulthood

A
Of the following trends in personality development of
the Self, which is most recent in shifts of concept
change?
a. Passive shaping of personality
b. Nature or nurture of the Self
c. The unconscious in personality-building
d. Self and the environment

D
On the recognized four personality types, how is a
person categorized if he/she is an extrovert,
enthusiastic, active, social, and enjoys being part of
the crowd?
a. Melancholic
b. Phlegmatic
c. Sanguine
d. Choleric

C
On the recognized four personality types, how is a
person categorized if he/she is independent,
decisive, goal-oriented, ambitious, and a natural
leader?
a. Choleric
b. Sanguine
c. Melancholic
d. Phlegmatic

A
On the recognized four personality types, how is a
person categorized if he/she is analytical, detail-
oriented, a deep thinker, introvert, self-reliant, but
afraid to be singled out?
a. Sanguine
b. Phlegmatic
c. Melancholic
d. Choleric

C
On the recognized four personality types, how is a
person categorized if he/she is relaxed, peaceful,
quiet, empathic to others, good at generalizing
ideas, but tending to hide emotions?
a. Sanguine
b. Phlegmatic
c. Melancholic
d. Choleric

B
On the negative aspect of the Self, how is one
regarded if he/she believes in self-interest as a
moral principle?
a. Egoist
b. Egotist
c. Egregious
d. Egomaniac

A
On the negative aspect of the Self, how is one
regarded if he/she is self-oriented, having a habit of
speaking too much or having a high opinion about
oneself?
a. Egregious
b. Egomaniac
c. Egotistic
d. Egoistic

C
On the negative aspect of the Self, how is one
regarded if he/she has a chronic regard for oneself,
not allowing other people to come between his/her
desire for achievement?
a. Egregious
b. Egomaniac
c. Egoist
d. Egotist

B
On stages of development of the Self, what do I
achieve as a teacher by being committed to
confidence, faith, and reliance on people?
a. Trust
b. Autonomy
c. Intimacy
d. Initiative

A
On stages of development of the Self, what do I
achieve as a teacher by being committed to
enterprise, dynamism, get-up-and-go, and
leadership?
a. Trust
b. Intimacy
c. Initiative
d. Autonomy

C
On stages of development of the Self, what do I
achieve as a teacher by being committed to
diligence, dynamism, determination, and work?
a. Trust
b. Ego-integrity
c. Industry
d. Autonomy

C
On stages of development of the Self, what do I
achieve as a teacher by being committed to being
caring, loving especially to the children I serve?
a. Intimacy
b. Autonomy
c. Ego-integrity
d. Trust

A
On stages of development of the Self, what do I
achieve as a teacher by being committed to being
productive, creative, and innovative in my work?
a. Autonomy
b. Generativity
c. Industry
d. Initiative

B
On stages of development of the Self, what do I
achieve as a teacher by being committed to
honesty, honor, loyalty, and virtue?
a. Initiative
b. Ego-integrity
c. Industry
d. Generativity

B
Since the Self is the foundation of all aspects of one’s
life, which of the following is all embracing for what I
am?
a. My work or career
b. My relationship with people
c. My being and becoming
d. My personal goal achievements

C
On self-knowledge, which of the following mental
activities relates to knowing one’s own mental
abilities, skills, and values?
a. Sensation
b. Volition
c. Metacognition
d. Perception

C
On the self’s interpersonal life, which of the following
classroom activities is conducive to better social
and communication skills?
a. Field work
b. Group dynamics
c. Drills
d. Lectures

B
On ways to help the Self on the path to development
and health, which of the following interventions best
relates to the work of teachers in education?
a. Experiments
b. Psychoanalysis
c. Guidance
d. Hypnosis

C
 God Bless
FUTURE LPTs