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Vocabulary Building and Grammar

The document provides an overview of vocabulary building and grammar, covering topics such as one-word substitutes, foreign and technical words, and word formation processes. It explains types of word formation, the use of prefixes and suffixes, synonyms and antonyms, and standard abbreviations and acronyms. Additionally, it discusses parts of speech, tenses, articles, subject-verb agreement, and the distinction between active and passive voice.

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20 views3 pages

Vocabulary Building and Grammar

The document provides an overview of vocabulary building and grammar, covering topics such as one-word substitutes, foreign and technical words, and word formation processes. It explains types of word formation, the use of prefixes and suffixes, synonyms and antonyms, and standard abbreviations and acronyms. Additionally, it discusses parts of speech, tenses, articles, subject-verb agreement, and the distinction between active and passive voice.

Uploaded by

danybode7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vocabulary Building & Grammar

One-word Substitutes

A word that replaces a complete sentence or a group of words to make communication concise.

Examples:

- A person who writes with both hands Ambidextrous

- One who loves mankind Philanthropist

- A person who eats too much Glutton

Foreign and Technical Words

Foreign words are borrowed from other languages.

Technical words relate to specific fields like science, technology, etc.

Examples:

- Foreign: Deja vu (French) the feeling of having seen something before

- Technical: Algorithm (Computer Science) a method for solving problems

Introduction to Word Formation

Word formation is the process of creating new words using existing ones or word parts. It helps expand vocabulary.

Types of Word Formation Processes

a. Compounding: Joining two words (e.g., Tooth + brush = Toothbrush)

b. Clipping: Shortening words (e.g., Advertisement = Ad)

c. Blending: Merging parts of two words (e.g., Smoke + Fog = Smog)

d. Derivation: Adding affixes (e.g., Happy + ness = Happiness)

e. Creative Respelling: Altering spelling (e.g., Kool for Cool)

f. Coining: Inventing new words (e.g., Selfie)

g. Borrowing: Taking from other languages (e.g., Tsunami from Japanese)

Prefixes and Suffixes


Vocabulary Building & Grammar

Prefixes are added at the beginning (e.g., Re + write = Rewrite)

Suffixes are added at the end (e.g., Help + ful = Helpful)

They help in forming new words.

Synonyms and Antonyms

Synonyms: Words with similar meanings (e.g., Big = Large)

Antonyms: Words with opposite meanings (e.g., Hot = Cold)

Useful for variety in expression.

Standard Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviations: Shortened words (e.g., Dr. for Doctor)

Acronyms: Formed from initials (e.g., NASA for National Aeronautics and Space Administration)

Parts of Speech

Categories of words based on function:

1. Noun Name (Ram)

2. Pronoun Replaces noun (He)

3. Verb Action (Run)

4. Adjective Describes noun (Beautiful)

5. Adverb Describes verb/adjective (Quickly)

6. Preposition Shows relation (In)

7. Conjunction Joins (And)

8. Interjection Emotion (Wow!)

Tenses

Indicate time of action:

- Present: I write

- Past: I wrote
Vocabulary Building & Grammar

- Future: I will write

Each has four forms: Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous.

Articles

Words used before nouns.

- Definite: The (specific)

- Indefinite: A/An (general)

Examples: A dog, The sun

Subject-Verb Agreement

Subject and verb must agree in number and person.

Examples:

- He goes to school. (Correct)

- They goes to school. (Incorrect, should be 'go')

Active and Passive Voice

Active: Subject does action (She wrote a letter.)

Passive: Action is done to subject (A letter was written by her.)

Active is clearer; passive is useful when doer is unknown.

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