MARITIME PROFILE: TÜRKIYE

GENERAL INFORMATION FOR 2023

Population GDP Merchandise trade¹
87.271 Millions 1 118 253 Millions current US$ 617 594 Millions current US$

Land area² GDP growth Transport services trade³

(p) 769 630 Km² 5.11 % 150 793 Millions current US$

MARITIME KEY FIGURES FOR 2023

Coast/area ratio² Ship building⁴ Ship recycling⁴
10.6 m/km² 79 032 GT 529 805 GT

Fleet - National flag⁵ Fleet - National flag⁵ Fleet - Ownership⁶

6 667 Thousands DWT 1 181 ships 37 948 Thousands DWT

Container port throughput⁷ Number of seafarers⁸ Number of port calls⁹

12 554 581 TEU (m) 28 587 184 015

WORLD SHARES FOR 2023

 TÜRKIYE
INTERNATIONAL MERCHANDISE TRADE
Total merchandise trade
(millions of US$) 2005 2010 2015 2023 +0.6 %
Merchandise exports 73 476 113 883 150 982 255 627
Merchandise exports
Merchandise imports 116 774 185 544 213 619 361 967
growth rate in 2023
Merchandise trade balance -43 298 -71 661 -62 637 -106 339

Export structure by product group in 2023 Top 5 partners in 2023

(as % of total exports) (exports, millions of US$)

INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN TRANSPORT SERVICES

Services exports by main category¹⁰
(as % of total services) 2005 2010 2015 2023 -1.1 %
Transport 18.2 25.8 31.7 34.4
Transport services exports
Travel 69.0 62.0 53.4 48.7
growth rate in 2023
Other services 12.8 12.2 12.8 13.5

Total trade in transport services¹⁰

(millions of US$) 2005 2010 2015 2023
Transport services exports 5 076 9 417 19 689 34 958
Transport services imports 5 146 8 078 5 274 18 090
Transport services trade balance -70 1 339 14 415 16 868

NATIONAL FLEET
Carrying capacity by type of ship⁵
(Thousands DWT) 2005 2010 2015 2023 +8.9 %
Total fleet 7 048.0 7 878.0 8 557.0 6 667.2
Oil tankers 959.0 1 693.6 1 295.2 1 764.4 Fleet growth rate in 2023
Bulk carriers 4 087.0 3 357.7 4 235.3 1 841.1
General cargo 1 565.0 2 011.5 1 610.4 841.2
Container ships 290.0 572.9 749.1 930.0
Other types of ships 147.0 242.3 667.1 1 290.5

Fleet by type of ship⁵

(Number of ships)
 TÜRKIYE
LINER SHIPPING CONNECTIVITY
Bilateral connectivity index - Top 10 partners in Q1 2006¹¹ Liner shipping connectivity index¹¹
Can only take values between 0 (minimum) and 1 (maximum) Average Q1 2023=100

PORT CALLS AND PERFORMANCE

Port calls, time spent in ports, vessel age and size in 2023⁹

Avg container
Avg cargo carrying
carrying capacity (TEU)
Number of Median time Avg age Avg size (GT) capacity (DWT) per container Maximum size
arrivals in port (days) of vessels of vessels per vessel ship (GT) of vessels
All ships 184 015 1.26 24 6 351 17 701 2 815 236 080
Liquid bulk carriers 9 029 1.32 15 18 853 31 913 .. 169 919
Liquefied petroleum gas carriers 841 1.35 19 16 825 19 772 .. 52 506
Liquefied natural gas carriers 144 1.23 9 110 239 88 732 .. 130 200
Dry bulk carriers 5 269 3.68 17 24 363 42 005 .. 150 918
Dry breakbulk carriers 20 656 1.48 28 4 524 6 361 .. 66 870
Roll-on/ roll-off ships 4 369 .. 26 25 299 9 893 .. 76 299
Container ships 12 555 0.65 18 30 488 .. 2 815 236 080
Passenger ships 131 152 .. 25 1 931 .. .. 167 704

Port liner shipping connectivity index - Top 5 ports in 2023¹¹

Average Q1 2023=100
 TÜRKIYE
Source: Detailed data sources are available in the documentation of the corresponding tables in the Data Center
(https://unctadstat.unctad.org/datacentre/). A link to these tables is provided in each section of the profile.

Notes:
1 Sum of exports and imports.
2 Land area refers to the total area of a country excluding area under inland water bodies. It differs from the country area, that includes area
under inland water bodies, but excludes offshore territorial waters.
Coastline length based on data calculated in 2000 from the World Vector Shoreline database at 1:250,000 scale.
3 Sum of exports and imports. Statistics presented correspond to the 6th edition of the IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment
Position Manual, 2009 (BPM6, 2009).
4 Propelled seagoing merchant vessels of 100 GT and above. Source: Clarksons Research (https://www.clarksons.com/services/research/).
5 Propelled seagoing merchant vessels of 100 GT and above, on 1 January. Source: Clarksons Research
(https://www.clarksons.com/services/research/).
6 Propelled seagoing merchant vessels of 1000 GT and above, on 1 January. Source: Clarksons Research
(https://www.clarksons.com/services/research/).
7 UNCTAD Secretariat, derived from various sources including Dynamar B.V. Publications, terminal operators and port authorities.
8 Refers to year 2021. Source: BIMCO-ICS Manpower Report 2015 and BIMCO-ICS Seafarer Workforce Report, 2021 edition.
9 UNCTAD Secretariat, based on data provided by MarineTraffic (http://marinetraffic.com). Ships of 1000 GT and above.
10 Statistics presented correspond to the 6th edition of the IMF Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual, 2009 (BPM6,
2009).
11 UNCTAD Secretariat, generated from data provided by MDS Transmodal (https://www.mdst.co.uk).
m Estimated by BIMCO/ICS based on estimates of seafarer demand.
p Estimated. Data refers to 2020.

Symbols for missing values:

0 Zero means that the amount is nil or negligible
.. No value reported or collected
_ Not applicable
... Not available, including no quotation
# Non-relevant calculation
- Not publishable
*** Negative accumulation of flows; Value included in regional and global totals

Abbreviations & acronyms:

DWT: Dead weight tons
LNG: Liquefied natural gas
LPG: Liquefied petroleum gas
GDP: Gross domestic product
GT: Gross tons
TEU: Twenty foot equivalent unit

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Generation date: 15 April 2025