Class : X

Periodic Test 1
Answer key
Section A
1. a) Louis XVI
2. c) Majoritarianism
3. b) Legislature, Executive, Judiciary
4. a) Concentration of power in few hands
5. d) A-2 B-4 C-1 D-3
6. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
7. c) Rs.24000
8. d) Economic development
9. b) i and iii
Section B

10.a) Belgian Constitution prescribes that

The number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central
Government.
No single community can make decisions unilaterally.
The State Governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
(Any 2 valid points each carries 1 mark)
10.b) In modern democracies, power is shared among different organs of
government, among government at different levels and among various
political parties, pressure groups. (1m)

In Belgium, there is a special government called Community Government to

look after the culture, educational and language related issues. (1m)

11. Land is a resource of utmost importance due to the following reasons:

Its fixed factor of production and supports all economic activities. (1m)
It also supports natural vegetation, wildlife and various other resources. (1m)

Section C

12.a) It is true that development for one may not be development for the
other. (1m)
(i) More wages means development for a worker, but it can go against the
entrepreneur. (1m)
(ii) A rich farmer or trader wants to sell foodgrains at a higher price but a
poor worker wants to purchase it for low prices. (1m)
(iii) Construction of a dam means more and cheap power, but people, who
will lose their habitat will demonstrate. (1m)
(iv) To get more electricity, the industrialists may want more dams. But this
may submerge the agricultural land, and disrupt the lives of the people. (1m)
(Any 3 valid points each carries 1 mark)
12.b) (i) Money or material things that one can buy with it is one factor on
which our life depends. But the quality of our life also depends upon non-
material things like equal treatment, freedom, security, respect of others,
etc.
(ii) Money cannot buy us a pollution free environment, unadulterated
medicines, peace, etc.
(iii) There are many facilities like schools, colleges, parks, hospitals which an
individual cannot afford. All these are to be provided by the
government/society.
(iv) Money possessed by an individual even can not provide us a type of
government which take decisions for the welfare of the common people.
(Any 3 valid points each carries 1 mark)

13. (i) India has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. There are
many regions which are rich in certain type of resources but are deficient in
some other resources. (1m)
(ii) The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in
minerals and coal deposits but lacks in infrastructural development. (1m)
(iii) The states like Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh are rich in soil but
lacks minerals. (1m)
Section D

14. “The first clear expression of Nationalism came with the ‘French
Revolution’ in 1789”:
(i) The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the
French revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a
body of French citizens.
(ii) Sense of collective belonging with La Patrie (the fatherland) and Le
Citoyen (the citizen).
(iii) Formation of National Assembly.
(iv) Hymns were composed and oaths were taken.
(v) Centralised and uniform laws were introduced.
(vi) Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system
of weights and measure were adopted.
(vii) French became the common language of the nation.
(viii) With the outbreak of the revolutionary wars, the French armies began
to carry the idea of nationalism abroad.
(Any 5 valid points each carries 1 mark)

14.b) Advantages:
(i) Established equality before law.
(ii) Abolished all privileges based on birth.
(iii) Simplified administrative divisions.
(iv) Granted the right to property to French citizens.
(v) Abolished feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom.
 (vi) Eliminated restrictions on guilds in town.
(viii) Made efforts to improve transport and communication.

Disadvantages:

But this initial enthusiasm soon turned into hostility and opposition
when it became visible that the new administrative arrangements do
not go hand in hand with the political freedom.
Censorship, taxation, forced conscription into the French armies
required to conquer the rest of Europe, all seemed to outweigh the
advantages of the administrative changes.
(Any 5 valid points each carries 1 mark)

15. Power sharing has emerged as a strong substitute to the idea of

undivided political power, which believed in giving power to one person or a
group of people located in one place. The core principle of power sharing is
that people are the source of all political powers. Common forms of power
sharing are:
(i) Vertical division of power : The sharing of power can be done at different
levels of the government – a central government for the entire country and
governments at provincial or regional level. This type is usually called the
federal government.
(ii) Horizontal division of power : In this form, the power is divided among
different organs of the government, such as legislature, the executive and
the judiciary. It places different organs of the government at the same level.
(iii) Power is also shared among different social groups such as religious and
linguistic groups, e.g. community government.
(iv) Various power sharing arrangements can also be seen in the way
political parties, pressure groups and movements control or influence those
in power.
(Any 5 valid points each carries 1 mark)

Section E

16. 1. b) Preservation of traditional beliefs in state and society

2. b) To restore conservative regime in Europe
3. d) To re-establish peace and stability in Europe
4. c)By laying out a balance of power between all the great powers in
Europe

17. 1. Yes, to some extent I agree with this statement. It is because more
income means more of all things that human beings need. Whatever people
like, and should have, they will be able to get with greater income.
(1m)
2. The average income is also called per capita income is the criterion used
by the World Bank in classifying the countries. (1m)
3. The Middle East nations are not counted among the developed nations
despite having high GNI per capita. (1m)
This is because before classifying nations as developed, the World Bank also
takes into account other elements including human development, Sex ratio,
Literacy, infrastructure, and economic diversity.
(1m)