TECHNICAL WRITING
REPORT WRITING
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND POLYMER ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY NEW
CAMPUS LAHORE
Submitted By:
TAHA YAQOOB 2023-CH-235
HANZALA CHAUDARY 2023-CH-233
KHIZAR HAYAT 2023-CH-207
SALAR KHAN 2023-CH-219
Submitted To:
Miss Sobia Imran
Steam Power Generation
The rise in fuel price and lack in the non-renewable resources of energy increaseour fear towards
energy crisis. There are also some renewable resources but they are not more efficient i.e. Hydro,
sound, chemical cell power generation. These power generation also increase the rate of pollution
growth. Efficient energy use is favorable for better productivity, product quality, costs, and quality
of human life but the use ofenergy adversely impacts our environment. Traditional mode of steam
power generation also uses much fuel.
Cost reduction
Fuel adjustment
Efficient mode
Ease mode of generation
Environment friendly
Pollution reduction
According to third law of thermodynamics:
“Energy cannot be created nor destroyed whether it can be converted in toone form into another”.
According to sir E. Khalil, Cairo university, Egypt [1]:
“Firstly, the working fluid is heated up to its boiling temperature in a boiler. Then the low-pressure
high temperature steam is collected from the boiler. Then this steam is fed to the compressor which
increase its pressure then this high pressurized and high temperature steam is thrown on the blades
of turbine whichrotates them along with the shaft of generator which generates power. The
residual steam which has low pressure but high temperature is fed to the condenser and then
condenser cools it to decrease its temperature but when it leaves a condenser it has temperature
higher than normal one. Then it is sent to a cooling Tower which cools it down and converts it
into liquid so that it can be reused according to cycle.”
According to sir McConkey [2]:
McConkey sir worked on less fuel consumption, i.e. power generation process of sir is
similar to sir E. Khalil. But according to sir if we can reuse the residual steam from
turbine and provide it to reheater (a part of boiler) which increase its temperature and then
again passed into compressor to increase its pressure. Then again passes towards turbine
and whole process is repeated. Butsome steam has been wasted due to losses i.e. surface
loss, supply loss etc. so we have to plant this type of system near a reservoir
According to sir Joel [3]:
We can also use this residual steam for any other purpose likesterilization and humidifier.
Research gap:
i) My research is that if we set our steam power plant near volcanic areasthen we
do not need any fuel because we fed our working media from the U-Shaped
pipe that is bored down into the ground near the hot rocks and we could get
steam from the other end of the pipe. Then pass it to compressor and then high
pressure and high temperature steam is thrown on to blades to run it. Then, it is
fed to condenser then to cooling tower.
ii) But if we set our steam power plant at a hilly area the area where the
temperature is less and we can easily boil the water because at high altitude
the boiling point of water decreases so we need less fuel to convert liquid
into vapor phase. Then we supply it to compressor then
towards turbine. Then after power generation we supply it to condenser. Then
after initial cooling we supply it to residential area around our plant to keep
their homes warm and for household use. As our plant is at cooler region so we
don’t need any water reservoir as there are manysmall and pure waterbodies
there.
i) Firstly we have to find a place where we build our plant then we dig a two
way bore down in the ground near the hot rocks if we choose the volcanic
sites we will reach the hot rocks very easily and with less efforts and but if
we choose a simple plane area then we have to bore very down then we pass
the pipes having very hard and tough materialfrom one bore hole and get it
out from the other then we fed our working media into the pipes which when
passes from region of hot rocks it boils and then converted into steam which
have light weight and less dense so it tends to move in upward direction
through the other end of the pipe then we fed it to compressor which increase
its pressure then this high pressure and high temperature steam moves
towards turbine which runs along with the generator and generates power.
Then this residual steam with low pressure and high temp fed to condenser
which lows down its temperature then steam with moderate temp is fed to the
cooling tower which liquify it according to Lindlar law of liquification.
ii) we have to select the hilly area that is plain and have a proper route for
transport and it must be near any water body just like river and a lake etc.
Then we take water from that water body and then heat it using boiler and
convert it into steam then pass this steam to the compressor and compress it to
increase its pressure then this high pressure and high temperature steam
coming out of compressor enters into the turbine which rotates along with
shaft of generator andgenerates power then this steam is fed to condenser and
we get a mixture of liquid and solid phase i.e. water vapors having moderate
temperature value then we supply this mixture to a complex network ofpipes
which are interconnected to housing areas. These housing areas have a piping
system spread in their homes just like electric wiring. When steam rushes
through these pipes they work as a heat pump mean steam loses its energy to
colder rooms of residents. Then it will be liquified using an evaporator. Then
this lightly warm water is used for kitchen purposes then again thrown in to
water bodies and again reused.
Research Plan:
Cost:
ITEM Amount per item in USD
PC Boiler $1.2 million
Compressor $2,500
Pipes $6.47
Turbine $3 million
Generator $25,000
Condenser $50,000
Cooling tower $100,000
Pumps $1000
This a mandatory estimated cost. It can be fluctuated according to the inflation.
Media
Outreach:
As my main funda is to provide the relief to people living in hilly areas and also minimize the
cost of power plant. Awareness of people is my basic need. I use media, social as well as print
and broadcast. By organizing Talk shows, different articles, and campaigns. It not only aware the
people but also provide us benefit economically. As weknow “Advertising isn’t just a career, it’s
about shaping perception and influencing culture”.
As traditional method of steam power generation is costly and less efficient but my idea not
only reduce the cost also increase the efficiency by minimizing the loss.
i) Ad Geotherm as fuel which is notonly pollution free but
also a renewable source of energy. And it is also free of cost. Basically,
using my idea, you have to do only onetime investment.
ii) Low-cos We are going to build our plant at cool region where
we are not only providing the cheap electricity but also providing steam to
keep their home warm at low cost. This not onlysave their cost of coal but
also save their time at very low cost.
iii) Economy: It also helps our economy as we import fuel from other
countries to fulfil our energy needs. As my project is fuel free so wedon’t
need to import the fuel. So, we may use that money in other services of
our country.
iv) Losses of steam in our traditional mode of power
generation using steam plant. But in my proposal, there is less piping and
connections so there is a less chances of losses whichmake our system
efficient.
v) : As we are not burning any fuel but only using
the natural resources to generate power so it doesn’t polluteenvironment.
i.e. Eco friendly
vi) : As we are providing the nation resources at verylow
cost i.e., we are serving the nation.
As we know nothing in the universe is 100% perfect just like this my product also has some
limitations as I stated, if we plant it at volcanic site where we have less water reservoirs so we need
an artificial water storage which is very little bit difficult but it has much benefits then the simpler
one so we can take this risk. On the other hand, if we choose the hilly area site there is a major
problem is to identify the suitable place to build the plant as transport of resources is a major
problem.
We also need fuel for plant situated at hilly areas. There are some amendmentsthat could be done
to tackle this problem.
[2]: Applied thermodynamics ninth edition by ESTD. McConkey[3]:
Fundamental of thermodynamics by Reiner JEOL
[1]: Thermal Engineering in Power Systems
edited by Ryoichi Amano, Bengt Sundén
https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=OjN7GkIDk4UC&oi=fnd&pg=PA99&dq=s
team+power+plant&ots=o6I3Lpj7dz&sig=PXG08Nhc0SrliWV2yGzgQtnPVFg
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/er.1495?casa_token=nvKLG37kCQ8AA
AAA:ncH0G4rfVtxWQ9ODMeM63qvP19xP3fHXcDxHkcpmfNBxTIUPRDg3a77To7pQvg-
XnkXZa7FvEbqLs4rj_w
