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١٥ ‫اجابة \رقم‬
 Wash and disinfect your hands.
  Turn on the machine and connect the connecting tubes.
 Connect a clean and dry suction catheter to the connecting tubes.
 The patient should be laid flat on their back. If the patient prefers a seated
position, you may try that. Place a rolled towel under the shoulders.
 Use sterile or distilled water to lubricate the catheter and test the machine’s
functioning.
 Insert the catheter into the tracheostomy tube carefully. Ideally the length
of the catheter and the tracheostomy tube must be the same.
 Place your thumb over the suction vent and remove it within 5-10 seconds.
 Allow the patient to rest and resume the suctioning if required.
 Once the procedure is over, turn off the machine and discard the catheter.

١٨ ‫إجابة رقم‬
1- Preparing :
- Wash your patient's hands.
- Make sure they don't have nail polish or glitter on - the light beams in the
sensor measure through your child's fingernail.
- Make sure your child has been resting for at least 5 minutes before taking
the reading.
- If your patient's hands are cold, warm them by rubbing them together.
- Rest your child's arm and hand and keep them still while taking the
reading.
- Their hand should be at waist level - try resting their hand on a table or the
arm of a chair.

2- Taking the reading :

- Switch the pulse oximeter ON and the display will light up.
- If using a pulse oximeter with a clip, squeeze to open and put your patient's
finger in until their fingertip touches the end.
- If using a pulse oximeter with tape, make sure the two surfaces are on
opposite sides of the finger and keep them in place by wrapping the tape
around.
- It works best on the middle or index finger of either hand.
- Keep your patient's hand still and wait for 1 to 2 minutes until their pulse
(bpm/PRbpm) is steady and their oxygen saturation (SpO2%) number has
not changed for at least 5 seconds.
- If the numbers are not steady, try a different finger.
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3- Recording the numbers :

- Record the oxygen saturation number ‘SpO2%’ and the pulse rate number
‘PRbpm’ in your child's pulse oximeter and symptom diary.
- Your patient's heart rate and oxygen level numbers are easy to mix up - be
careful to record these correctly.
- Measure and record your child's pulse (heart rate) and oxygen level 3 times
a day at about the same time every day.
- These numbers will help your child's healthcare team monitor your child
safely at home.
- Take extra measurements if you notice a change in your child's health.
- To clean your device, check the manufacturer’s instructions.

١٩ ‫إجابة رقم‬
The suturing tool kit includes:

- Adson forceps
- A needle holder.
- Toothed forceps, with a hook to handle tissue.
- Fine suturing scissors.
- The appropriate suturing material.

٢٠ ‫إجابة رقم‬
The equipment required for endotracheal intubation include the following:

- Laryngoscope.
- Endotracheal tube.
- Stylet.
- Syringe.
- Suction catheter.
- Carbon dioxide detector.
- Oral airway.
- Nasal airway.
- Bag-valve-mask.
- Nasal cannula.

٢١ ‫إجابة رقم‬
1- Steam Sterilization:

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  steam sterilizable respiratory therapy and anesthesia equipment), even
when not essential to prevent pathogen transmission. also are used in
healthcare facilities to decontaminate microbiological waste and sharps
containers.

2- Flash Sterilization:

 Flash sterilization is considered acceptable for processing cleaned patient-

care items that cannot be packaged, sterilized, and stored before use. It also
is used when there is insufficient time to sterilize an item by the preferred
package method.

3- Ethylene Oxide “Gas” Sterilization:

 ETO is used in healthcare facilities to sterilize critical items (and sometimes

semicritical items) that are moisture or heat sensitive and cannot be
sterilized by steam sterilization.

4- Peracetic Acid Sterilization :

 This automated machine is used to chemically sterilize medical (e.g., GI

endoscopes) and surgical (e.g., flexible endoscopes) instruments in the
United States. Lumened endoscopes must be connected to an appropriate
channel connector to ensure that the sterilant has direct contact with the
contaminated lumen.

5- Hydrogen Peroxide Gas Plasma

 Materials and devices that cannot tolerate high temperatures and

humidity, such as some plastics, electrical devices, and corrosion-
susceptible metal alloys, can be sterilized by hydrogen peroxide gas plasma.

٢٢ ‫إجابة رقم‬
1- Used needles :

 Used needles must not be bent or broken before disposal, and you must
never try to recap a needle.

2- Using a needle clipper :

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  You can use a clipper to snap off a needle or the sharp part of a syringe.
The needle stays inside the clipper.
 However, clippers are not designed to remove lancet needles.
 These are needles used by people with diabetes to check their blood glucose
levels, and are designed to be used only once before disposal.

3- Using your sharps bin:

 You can use your sharps bin to dispose of medical supplies such as:
1. needles.
2. syringes..
3. clippers .
 Put needles or similar medical supplies into the sharps bin immediately
after using them and do not try to take them out again.
 Keep your sharps bin in a safe place so it's not a risk to other people and is
out of the sight and reach of children.

4- Disposing of your full sharps bin

 Arrangements for disposing of full sharps bins vary depending where you
live.

٢٣ ‫إجابة رقم‬
methods of preventing bedsores and preventing existing sores from getting worse
include:

 Turning and repositioning every 2 hours.

 Sitting upright and straight in a wheelchair, changing position every 15
minutes.
 Providing soft padding in wheelchairs and beds to reduce pressure.
 Providing good skin care by keeping the skin clean and dry.
 Providing good nutrition because without enough calories, vitamins,
minerals, fluids, and protein, bed sores can’t heal, no matter how well you
care for the sore.

٢٤ ‫إجابة رقم‬

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1- Hands-only CPR :

To carry out a chest compression:

 Kneel next to the person and place the heel of your hand on the breastbone
at the center of their chest. Place the palm of your other hand on top of the
hand that's on their chest and interlock your fingers.
 Position yourself so your shoulders are directly above your hands.
 Using your body weight (not just your arms), press straight down by 5 to
6cm (2 to 2.5 inches) on their chest.
 Keeping your hands on their chest, release the compression and allow their
chest to return to its original position.
 Repeat these compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 times a minute until an
ambulance arrives or for as long as you can.

2- CPR with rescue breaths :

 Place the heel of your hand on the centre of the person's chest, then place
the palm of your other hand on top and press down by 5 to 6cm (2 to 2.5
inches) at a steady rate of 100 to 120 compressions a minute.
 After every 30 chest compressions, give 2 rescue breaths.
 Tilt the person's head gently and lift the chin up with 2 fingers. Pinch the
person's nose. Seal your mouth over their mouth and blow steadily and
firmly into their mouth for about 1 second. Check that their chest rises.
Give 2 rescue breaths.
 Continue with cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths until
they begin to recover or emergency help arrives.

٢٥ ‫إجابة رقم‬
1- Low flow delivery method:

Low-flow systems include:

- Simple face mask .

- Non re-breather face mask (mask with oxygen reservoir bag and one-way
valves which aims to prevent/reduce room air entrainment) .
- Nasal prongs (low flow) .
- Tracheostomy mask .

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 - Tracheostomy HME connector .
- Isolate - neonates (usually for use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
only)

2- High flow delivery method :

High flow systems include:

- Ventilators .
- CPAP/BiPaP drivers .
- Face mask or tracheostomy mask used in conjunction with an Airvo2
Humidifier .
- High Flow Nasal Prong therapy (HFNP)

3- Humidification:

- Oxygen therapy can be delivered using a low flow or high flow system. All
high flow systems require humidification. The type of humidification device
selected will depend on the oxygen delivery system in use, and the patient's
requirements. The humidifier should always be placed at a level below the
patient's head.

4- Delivery methods:

The most common delivery method is the nasal cannula, which consists of a tube
that runs through both nostrils. Other delivery methods include:

- the nonrebreather mask.

- the incubator (for infants).
- continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).

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