EDUKASYONG PANTAHANAN AT PANGKABUHAYAN 1

A. Introduction of K-12 Curriculum.

Nature, Scope and Components of TLE

TLE by its nature dominantly a skill subject. Hence the Teacher must engage student in
an experiential, contextualized, and authentic teaching- learning process. It is a subject in which
students learn best by doing. For instance, it integrates entrepreneurship with all the areas of
TLE. It integrates concepts, values and skills.

TLE encompasses the field of Home Economics [H.E], Agri-Fishery Arts [AFA],
Industrial Arts [I.A] and Information, Communication and Technology [ICT]. The Twenty-
four courses can be categorized under any of these fields.

 HOME ECONOMICS [H.E]- caters livelihood projects in the community and at home.
 INDUSTRIAL ARTS [I.A]- provide skills and knowledge on the repair, assembly,
masonry, and creation of valuable products made of metal and woods.
 AGRI-FISHERY ARTS [AFA]- was designed for hands-on learning associated with
agriculture and aquaculture.
 INFORMATION, COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY [ICT]- which
encourage to utilize the technology by enhancing and supporting the delivery of
information.

Intended Outcomes of The Teaching EPP or TLE

 The teaching and learning of TLE ultimately leads to higher education Middle level
power.
 Entrepreneurship and Employment
 Develop learner’s workmanship and cultivate their abilities and skills

Key Stage Standard

Grade 4 - 6 The learners demonstrate an understanding of the basic knowledge and skills in
Home Economics [H.E], Agri-Fishery Arts [AFA], Industrial Arts [I.A] and Information,
Communication and Technology [ICT] towards the improvement of life, family and Community.

CURRICULUM FRAMEWORK OF TLE

A curriculum framework outlines the standards, rules, or learning outcomes that define
what students are expected to achieve. It sets clear benchmarks for the knowledge and skills
students should acquire upon completing a course. This framework is integral to standards-based
reform and outcome-focused education.
 Technology and Livelihood Education encompasses the field of Home Economics (H.E.);
Industrial Arts (IA); Agri-Fishery Arts (AFA); and Information, Communication. and
Technology (ICT). The 24 TLE courses can be categorized under any of these fields. TLE as a
course has two streams—the TR-based TLE and the Entrepreneur-based TLE—and every school
has a choice as to which stream to offer, with consideration for faculty, facilities, and resources.
Both streams are based on the Training Regulations, but the Entrepreneur-based TLE embeds
entrepreneurship concepts in the teaching of the various subjects in HE, IA, AFA, and ICT.

TLE is geared toward the development of technological proficiency and is anchored on

knowledge and information, entrepreneurial concepts, process and delivery, work values, and life
skills. This means that the TLE that works is one which is built on adequate mastery of
knowledge and information, skills and processes, and the acquisition of right work values and
life skills. The TLE that is functional is one which equips students with skills for lifelong
learning. TLE that is concerned only with mere definition of terms is meaningless and shallow.
TLE that is focused on mastery of skills and processes without right work values is anemic and
dangerous. An effective TLE is one that is founded on the cognitive, behavioral, or psychomotor
and affective dimensions of human development. Therefore, teaching TLE means teaching facts,
concepts, skills, and values in their entirety. The diagram likewise shows that entrepreneurial
concepts also form part of the foundation of quality TLE. It is expected that TLE students, after
using the Learning Modules on Entrepreneurship-based TLE, imbibe the entrepreneurial spirit
and consequently set up their own businesses in the areas of Agri-Fishery Arts, Industrial Arts,
Home Economics, and Information and Communication Technology. TLE by its nature is
dominantly a skill subject; hence the teacher must engage students in an experiential,
contextualized, and authentic teaching-learning process. It is a subject in which students learn
best by doing. It is integrative in approach. For instance, it integrates entrepreneurship with all
the areas of TLE. It integrates concepts, skills, and values.
The Legal Basis of the Teaching of EPP/TLE

The legal framework for teaching Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) and
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) in the Philippines is indeed rooted in the 1987
Philippine Constitution and Republic Act 10647. The Constitution emphasizes the importance of
education, science, and technology, while RA 10647 focuses on ladderized education pathways.

Unit 1
B. Pedagogical content, knowledge and skills in Technology and Livelihood Education

A. Home Economics
-also called Domestic Science or Family and Consumer Sciences (often
shortened to FCS or FACS), is a subject concerning human development, personal
and family finances, consumer issues, housing and interior design, nutrition and food
preparation, as well as textiles and apparel.

1. COOKERY ARTS- the art of preparation, cooking, presentation, and service of

food. This may often be in the form of meals in a restaurant, but culinary arts can
refer to all professions that involve food.
 Kitchen tools, equipment and paraphernalia.

Choosing appropriate kitchen tools, equipment, and paraphernalia is essential for safety,
efficiency, and the quality of the food produced. Using the right tools ensures tasks are done
correctly, reduces the risk of accidents, and helps maintain a hygienic kitchen environment.
Examples: Aluminum, stainless steel, plastic and hard rubber, glass, cast
Iron, Ceramic and Heat-proof glass

 Appropriate cleaning tools and equipment based on their uses.

Appropriate cleaning tools and equipment for cooking based on their uses include: scrub
brushes for removing tough stains and grime, sponges and scrubbers for general cleaning,
microfiber cloths for wiping surfaces, dish soap for washing dishes, and degreasers for tackling
grease and oil. Additionally, dish racks and trash bags are essential for proper waste disposal and
drying of cleaned items.

 Chemicals used for cleaning and sanitizing kitchen tools, equipment and
paraphernalia
Choosing the right cleaning and sanitizing chemicals for kitchen tools, equipment, and
paraphernalia is crucial for preventing foodborne illnesses and maintaining a safe food
preparation environment. Incorrect chemical selection can lead to several problems, including
chemical contamination of food, damage to equipment, and even health hazards for kitchen staff.
Examples: Surfactants, chlorine, ammonia, and quaternary ammonium
compounds.

2. FOOD AND APPLIED NUTRITION

Encompasses the study of how the body uses food to support growth, maintenance, and
overall health. It involves understanding the nutrients found in food and how they contribute to
various bodily functions, as well as the application of this knowledge to address nutritional needs
and solve related problems.
 Food and its Function- Food provides nourishment and energy for the body,
supporting vital functions such as growth, repair, and maintaining bodily
processes. It also plays significant psychological and social roles, influencing
emotions and bringing people together.
 Food Pyramid- a visual representation that illustrates the recommended daily
intake of different food groups to maintain a healthy diet. It typically shows a
wider base with food groups to eat more of, and a narrower top with food
groups to eat less of. The original concept has evolved, with different versions
emphasizing specific dietary needs and recommendations.
  Go Foods- Energy boosting Foods: These Foods provide energy for the body.
Examples: Grains [ bread, rice, pasta], Cereals, Starchy Vegetables
[potatoes and Corn]
 Grow Foods - Body-building Foods: These Foods help build and repair tissues.
Examples: Proteins [meat, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy]
 Glow Foods – Protective foods: These foods support overall health and well-being.
Examples: Fruits [rich in vitamins, minerals and anti-oxidants],
Vegetables [rich in vitamins and anti-oxidants]
 Planning for one week and preparing for special occasion meal

To effectively plan a week of meals and prepare for a special occasion, start by creating a meal
plan, including the special occasion meal, and then make a grocery list based on your chosen
recipes. Prepping ingredients and even some dishes in advance can significantly reduce stress on
the day of the event.

3. CLOTHING
Clothing refers to any item worn on the body, typically made of fabrics or textiles, that
serves to protect the body from the elements, for modesty, or for decorative purposes. It
encompasses a wide range of garments, including shirts, pants, dresses, and accessories, and can
be made from various materials like cotton, wool, polyester, and more. Clothing plays a
significant role in cultural expression, personal style, and social status.
 Sewing tools and equipment - Sewing tools and equipment can be broadly
categorized into measuring, marking, cutting, pinning/sewing, and pressing
tools, as well as essential materials like fabric and thread. Tools consist of irons
and ironing boards.
 Measuring tools include tape measures, rulers, and gauges.
 Cutting tools comprise scissors, shears, and seam rippers.
 Marking tools involve tailor's chalk, tracing wheels, and marking
pens.
 Pinning and sewing tools include needles, pins, and thimbles.

 Basic principles in sewing- The fundamental principles in sewing revolve

around accuracy, managing fabric and thread, finishing edges, and
pressing. These principles ensure neat, durable, and well-constructed
garments.

DIFFERENT BASIC STITCHES

Running Stitch
The running stitch is the most basic and commonly used, in which the needle and thread
simply pass over and under two pieces of fabric. It’s the same as a basting stitch, except it is
sewn more tightly to create a secure and permanent bind. The technique can be identified by the
spaces left between each stitch on both sides of the fabric, creating a dashed thread line. Use it to
quickly test form factors or mock up samples.

Basting Stitch
A basting stitch is one of the simplest stitches in sewing, used to temporarily hold
together two pieces of fabric. Think of it as a “rough draft” later replaced by a more secure and
permanent stitch. Sometimes also called a tack stitch, it is done quickly with a simple over/under
motion, resulting in a long, loose stitch easily removed. In bag design, it’s useful when layering
heavy fabrics or aligning straps before final assembly.
Back Stitch
The back stitch is a variation of the running stitch, but with each needle pass, the needle
and thread double back on itself. This eliminates the visible spacing, the dashed effect, seen in
the running stitch and instead creates a more polished straight line of thread on the fabric’s
surface. Great for small-scale production or high-strength seams in custom bag designs.

Catch Stitch
A catch stitch, or cross-stitch, is a standard sewing technique for hemming. The use of
this stitch creates a zig-zag series of Xs on the underside of a piece of fabric. Strong and flexible,
these stitches are barely visible on the outside of a garment and offer a clean finish for raw
edges. Use it in linings or to secure pocket interiors.

Machine Stitches
The advent of the sewing machine in the early 18th century completely revolutionized the
apparel industry, streamlining production. It changed how the traditional clothing manufacturing
process operated. Today, machines construct most apparel and bags. These machines often
possess a wide range of capabilities, and almost every machine contains the ability to perform
these three basic stitches.

Straight Stitch
The straight stitch is a series of straight stitches equidistant from one another, all in
uniform length and spacing. It is the most common stitch that serves as the backbone for nearly
all sewing machine varieties. In bags, this is your go-to for seams, edge stitching, and structural
reinforcement, especially on canvas, leather, or ballistic nylon.

Zigzag Stitch
The zigzag stitch is a sewing technique where the needle and thread move back and forth
at alternating angles. It is the second most common stitch after the running stitch and is present
in nearly all sewing machines today. Its strength is often used to finish seams and raw edges,
reinforce buttonholes, and in stretchable fabrics. For bags, it can reinforce flexible areas or be
used decoratively on outer shells and pocket flaps.

 Sewing of household linens

 Sewing household linens involves creating various fabric items used in the
home, such as bed sheets, tablecloths, towels, and curtains. This craft requires
specific tools and techniques for measuring, cutting, marking, and sewing
fabric.

Types of Household Linens:

 Bed Linens: Sheets, pillowcases, blankets, duvets, and mattress covers.
 Table Linens: Tablecloths, napkins, placemats, and runners.
 Bath Linens: Towels, washcloths, and bath mats.
 Kitchen Linens: Dishcloths, hand towels, and oven
DIFFERENT BASIC STITCHES

4. HANDICRAFT MAKING
Handicraft making refers to the creation of decorative or functional objects by hand, often
using traditional techniques and tools. It encompasses a wide range of skills and materials, from
pottery and weaving to woodcarving and jewelry making.
  Handicrafts tools and equipment
Handicraft tools and equipment encompass a wide range of devices used
in various crafts. These can be broadly categorized into cutting tools, shaping
tools, measuring tools, and finishing tools, among others.
Examples: Scissors, hammers, saws, planes, chisels, rulers, sandpaper,
and sewing needles.

 Creative activities /project

Examples: Bead Craft, Card Making, Crochet, Fabric Painting, Foam,
Jewellery Making, Painting, Papercraft, and DIY Lantern.
UNIT II

Pedagogical content, knowledge and skills in Technology and Livelihood Education

(Industrial Arts)

A. Industrial Arts
-an educational program that focuses on developing practical skills in using tools,
machines, and materials to create objects and solve problems related to technology and
industry. It encompasses various hands-on crafts, such as woodworking, metalworking,
and electronics, and prepares students for technical careers. Industrial arts play a vital
role in developing students' understanding of technology, fostering innovation, and
contributing to societal progress.

1. Tools and Equipment - encompasses a wide range of tools and equipment, broadly
categorized into hand tools, power tools, and various measuring, marking, holding,
and driving tools.

2. Creative activities /project - visual arts like drawing, painting, and sculpting, to
performing arts such as music, dance, and filmmaking, and also creative writing,
crafting, and digital art.

B. Bamboo works
1. Bamboo works - are indeed part of industrial arts. Industrial arts encompass the
creation of objects using various materials like wood, metal, and bamboo, often
utilizing hand or power tools. Bamboo, with its unique properties, is a significant
material within this field, used for a wide range of applications from furniture and
handicrafts to construction.

2. Creative activities /project - Examples include bamboo furniture, decorative items

like placemats and wind chimes, and functional objects like baskets and
bowls. Techniques like cutting, splitting, carving, and weaving are employed to shape
and enhance these bamboo creations.
UNIT III
Pedagogical content, knowledge and skills in Technology and Livelihood Education

A. Technology and Livelihood Education - a subject that equips students with practical
skills and knowledge for various careers and everyday life.

1. Introduction to ICT
a. History of Information Technology - stretches back millennia, evolving from early
forms of communication and data storage to the complex digital systems of today. It's
generally divided into four main periods: pre-mechanical, mechanical, electromechanical,
and electronic. The term "Information Technology" itself is a relatively recent
development, first appearing in the mid-20th century.

b. Parts of computer
1. Basic Computer Skills - navigating the operating system, using common software
like word processors and spreadsheets, browsing the internet, managing files, and
using email. These skills are essential for everyday tasks and are often a prerequisite
for many jobs.
2. The use of MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint
MS Word:
 Purpose: Word processing and document creation, including letters, reports, essays, and
more.
 Functionality: Text formatting, layout design, and the ability to incorporate images and
other elements.
 Example: Writing a business report, creating a resume, or drafting a letter.
MS Excel:
 Purpose:
Spreadsheet management and data analysis, including calculations, charting, and data
organization.
 Functionality:
Creating and manipulating spreadsheets, performing calculations with formulas,
generating charts and graphs, and sorting and filtering data.
 Example:
Tracking expenses, managing a budget, analyzing sales data, or creating financial
reports.
MS PowerPoint:
 Purpose:
Presentation design and delivery, including slideshows, lectures, and visual aids.
 Functionality:
Creating slides with text, images, videos, and animations, and delivering
presentations with various visual effects.
 Example:
Presenting a business proposal, teaching a class, or delivering a sales pitch.
 In essence, Word is for text-based documents, Excel is for data-driven spreadsheets,
and PowerPoint is for visual presentations.

UNIT IV
Teaching Technology and Livelihood Education
A. Teaching Methods, Techniques and Strategies in EPP/TLE
1.Discussion - Discussion promotes active participation rather than passive listening,
making the learning experience more engaging and impactful.
2. Demonstration - The teacher models the skill, explaining the process step-by-
step. This is often referred to as the "show and tell" method.
3. Laboratory - Providing dedicated time and space for students to practice skills and
apply knowledge in a controlled environment.
4. Project - Students work on extended, real-world projects, applying their
knowledge and skills to solve problems or create something.
 Thematic Instruction: Students learn through thematic units, connecting various
concepts and skills to a central theme.
 Project Method: Students plan, execute, and evaluate projects, developing
critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving skills.
5. Lecture - Lectures in EPP/TLE are primarily used to introduce new topics, explain
complex ideas, or provide background information.
 Content:
Lectures can cover a wide range of topics relevant to EPP/TLE, such as business
concepts, career pathways, specific skills, or safety procedures.
6. Problem Solving - Where students tackle real-world challenges, fosters critical
thinking and practical skills. Other techniques like simulations, case studies, and role-
playing can also be integrated to simulate practical scenarios and promote active
learning.
7. Role Playing - can be effectively implemented using various teaching methods,
techniques, and strategies. These include creating scenarios, selecting appropriate
projects, planning, execution, evaluation, and reporting. Direct instruction,
experiential learning, and cooperative learning are also valuable approaches.