DEFINITION OF RESEARCH PROTOCOL

The protocol of an investigation can be based on two types of knowledge, popular and scientific.
popular knowledge, vulgar or common sense takes all the information received or transmitted without a
express criticism. It is the common, ordinary, and spontaneous way of knowing, which is acquired through direct interaction.

between human beings and objects; it is content with the apparent, it refers to experiences and emotions of the
daily life is subjective, unstructured, and uncritical, meaning it does not question or raise doubts about its

acquisition and content.

The scientist refers to it as a procedure made up of a logical sequence of activities that

connections with other phenomena, through reasoning and verification through demonstration and the
verification and to carry out a scientific investigation
Research Protocol Design

The research protocol constitutes the planning stage of a research study. It is also the
base document of the researcher, whose specifications allow them to guide the execution process of
work. It is the document that contains the plan of a scientific research project, with the utmost
possible detail, precision, and clarity.
The research protocol must:
Clearly and precisely express the objectives and the research plan. The content must be
detailed and complete enough for anyone to conduct the study with results
similar, or to evaluate the validity and reliability of the study steps.
Be clear and simple, and written in a way that its content is understood by the project evaluators.
the researchers and the technicians involved in the execution. It must be organized in such a way that it can
to perceive the relationship of one phase with another, and its consistency in the context of the document. To do this, it

It is suggested to present the protocol in interrelated sections; in such a way that there is a thread in its content.

conductor.

The basic components or contents of the protocol are:

Research Title:
The purpose of the title of a paper is to inform what the content of the document is. It should be brief, concise,
specific and consistent with the research topic and locate it in time and space with the least number
possible words.

Data about the participating researchers and institutions:

Resumen
The summary represents a brief version of the project, which allows the CEC members to identify
quickly and accurately, the content of the project, likewise, allows choosing the reviewers of the
protocol according to the topic.

Problem statement:
It consists of the delimitation of the object of study. It must be clearly formulated and without ambiguities.

to express a relationship between two or more variables in a temporal and spatial dimension. The main ones

elements to pose a problem are the research question, the justification of the study, the
background and the viability and feasibility of the study.
Justification of the study
Sustain with solid and convincing arguments (magnitude, significance, feasibility, and vulnerability of
problem) the realization of a study and the purposes that motivate the development of research.
Background of the problem
The background of the problem seeks to synthesize the research or work done on
the topic, in order to make known how it has been addressed. For example, what types of studies have been conducted,
the characteristics of the subjects, how the data has been collected, in what places it has been carried out and what

designs have been used. The background is the starting point for defining the problem as it allows
clarify, judge and interpret the posed problem.
Research question
It is advisable to present the problem to be studied in the form of a question. Present it in the form of
A question does not always communicate the problem in its entirety, however, the advantage of posing it in this way

specific and precise directs the study towards the objectives being pursued.
Viability and feasibility of the research
Before starting the research, one must take into account the availability of time and financial resources.
humans and materials, which determine the scope of the research.

Theoretical or conceptual framework:

After posing the problem and the research question, as well as defining the objectives and evaluating
the relevance and feasibility of the study, the theoretical support for the study will proceed. The preparation of
The theoretical framework includes a literature review and the adoption of a theory or the development of a perspective.

theoretical. This implies analyzing and presenting the theoretical approaches that are deemed valid for the correct

frame of the study.

Broaden the horizon of study and provide guidance to the researcher to focus on their problem and avoid
the deviations
Expand the description and analysis of the proposed problem.
Justify the hypotheses that answer the formulated questions.
Guide towards the organization of data or significant facts to describe the relationships of a
problem with existing theories
Direct efforts towards obtaining sufficient and reliable data to verify the hypotheses.
Guide the analysis and interpretation of the data
Integrate the theory with the proposed research
Provide a framework for interpreting the study results
Inspire new lines and areas of research

Objectives:
The definition of objectives is made in relation to the problem. They serve as a guide for the study, they determine

the limits and the scope guide the expected outcomes and allow determining the
stages of the study process to be carried out. It is important to note that the objectives must be directed towards the

basic elements of the problem, being measurable and observable, clear and precise, and following an order

methodological.

Methodological design:
The methodological framework is a clear and concise description of each stage of the research. In
In general terms, the methodological design is the description of how the research will be carried out, which
includes:
Type of research
Typology refers to the scope that a scientific research can have. The research strategy
it depends on the type of study chosen, as this determines the design, the data collected, the
way to obtain them, sampling and other components of the research process.
Formulation of the hypothesis and definition of the variables
Hypotheses are tentative propositions about the relationships between two or more variables and are supported by
organized and systematized knowledge. They are not necessarily true, they may or may not be.
They can or cannot be verified with facts. They are tentative explanations and not all studies propose hypotheses.

Variables, on the other hand, are a property that can vary and whose variation is subject to measurement.
Sample selection
To select an appropriate sample, the following criteria must be taken into account:
Define the subjects or objects of study
Delimit the population
Choose the type of sample
Define the sample size
Apply the selection procedure
Methods and techniques of research
Different methods and techniques can be employed to obtain information about the same problem, without
embargo, the relevance of scientific research lies in selecting the appropriate ones, depending on the
nature of the phenomenon, the objectives of the study, and the perspective of analysis. The methods and techniques are the

methodological tools of research. The method is the way to achieve the objectives or the
procedure for organizing the activity. It is important to highlight that the method is derived from theory. The technique is

a set of rules and operations for the management of the instruments that assists the individual in the
application of the methods.
Analysis and interpretation of the data
The procedure for data analysis includes the following steps:
Decision making regarding the analyses to be conducted (statistical tests)
Preparation of the analysis plan
Execution of the plan

Obtaining the results

Bibliographic references:
It is a list of the bibliographic references cited or consulted for the preparation of the protocol, written
according to international citation standards for bibliography.

Schedule:
Describe the activities to be carried out over time. The distribution in time depends on the scheduling.
of the activities, it can be in weeks, months, or years.

Resources:
Specify the source, budget item, and resources required to carry out the project.