OPPOSITION SYLLABUS - AESTHETICS

TOPIC 51. Safety and hygiene in the processes of applying prostheses

Nails. Physiology of the nails. Nail pathologies that hinder the process of
application of nail prosthesis. Protective measures for the professional and for
client.
INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION

2. JUSTIFICATION

3. SAFETY AND HYGIENE IN PROSTHESIS APPLICATION PROCESSES

NAILS.

4. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NAIL. NAIL PATHOLOGIES THAT HINDER THE

NAIL PROSTHESIS APPLICATION PROCESS.

5. PROTECTION MEASURES FOR THE PROFESSIONAL AND THE CLIENT.

6. CONCLUSION

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. INTRODUCTION

Currently, very varied styles and proposals for artificial nails are offered. The
techniques constantly evolve to adapt to customer demands and
professionals, increasingly demanding in terms of quality and aesthetics, from sculpting and
the extensions with different materials, to the coverings of different fibers and
polymers applied with or without extension tip.

The characteristics of much of the cosmetics and equipment used are also
they have developed, reducing its toxicity and shortening completion times, which has
allowed the techniques with artificial nails to become more popular and affordable.

2. JUSTIFICATION

As a vocational training teacher, the topic proposal I present is

based on the following legislative references:

• Organic Law of Education 2/2006 of May 3.

• LOMCE (Organic Law on the Improvement of Educational Quality) 8/2013 of 9 of

December.

• LEA (Education Law of Andalusia) 17/2007 of December 10.

• Organic Law 3/2020, of December 29, which modifies the LOE

• RD1147 on the Organization of Vocational Training of July 29

• D436/2008 for the Organization of Initial Vocational Training of the 2nd

September.

• Royal Decree 256/2011 of February 28 establishing the title of Technician

in Aesthetics and beauty and their minimum teachings are set.

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• Order of July 30, 2015, that develops the curriculum for the title of Technician in
Aesthetics and Beauty.

There is a need for students to learn these contents because

Known the methods of cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization, their characteristics and
application techniques, in this topic we are going to describe the cleaning procedures
hygienization and disinfection of the equipment used during nail services
artificial, the self-protection and postural hygiene measures that should be taken during
the process.

These teachings are taught in the module of Artificial Nail Techniques in the CFGM.
Aesthetics and Beauty.

3. SAFETY AND HYGIENE IN THE PROSTHESIS APPLICATION PROCESSES

NAILS.

There are mandatory legal standards to consider in centers where

manicure and pedicure treatments are performed. One of the aspects that distinguishes the most
to a good professional, serious and responsible, is that he/she scrupulously fulfills the
safety and hygiene standards that the clientele can also perceive.

We must analyze and apply the necessary safety and hygiene measures.
maintain the provision of services to provide quality service and
improve work development conditions by using corrective measures and
protection of the professional and the client is adequate.

Hygiene and cleanliness are qualities that should exist everywhere. With more
reason in places like beauty salons, where many pass daily
people with whom direct contact is maintained. It is necessary to give, both to the clientele
like the salon staff, the utmost guarantee in terms of hygiene and health safety.
refer.

The material that is in contact with customers, in addition to getting dirty, can also
to get contaminated and be a vehicle for infections, for which it must be perfectly
clean and subsequently disinfected or sterilized, as the case may be, and remain
properly protected until used.

• Cleaning should always be done immediately after use.

before cosmetics or any other type of dirt dries and becomes more
difficult to eliminate it.

• Disinfection is the process by which organisms are totally or partially destroyed.

the germs. It should be done after each use and in all
materials and supplies.

• Sterilization is the process by which all are totally eliminated.

microorganisms present. It should be done on cutting tools.

• Examine the skin of the hands and feet and the client's nails to ensure their health.
state. If you have any contagious disease, you must recline to do
any service. It is recommended that one consult a doctor and that one
once healed, return to the living room.

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• In the processes of applying nail prosthetics, warn the client about the
possibility of mold or fungi developing if the coverings are not
They are conveniently taken care of. With the help of antiseptic products, they can be
prevent infections.

• In case of a cut accident, the wound will be washed with water and soap and it
the hemostatic agent will be applied later (which must be disposable). It will be covered with
a bandage. If the skin is stained with blood that does not show any
alteration, it will be thoroughly washed with soap and water. If the clothes get stained
washing it at 60º for 30 minutes will be enough for blood. If any
If the surface is stained, it should be covered with an absorbent paper and poured.
about the diluted bleach, keeping it like this for at least 10 minutes. Then it
remove the paper and clean the area with water and detergent. The entire operation
It will be done with gloves.

• Hand washing before each service is mandatory and it is recommended

dry them well with a towel.

• One should not work if suffering from contagious and susceptible diseases.
to be transmitted.

• Every professional must refuse to serve clients who present

obvious signs of contagious diseases or whose personal hygiene is
deficient. If it is unavoidable to attend to a customer of these characteristics, we
We will ensure that all material used is duly isolated,
washed, disinfected and sterilized.

- PROTECTIVE MEASURES
If you follow the safety rules for manicures and pedicures, you will avoid accidents.
and mutual damages.

A. Professional protection measures

Keep all containers closed and labeled

Hold and move the containers with dry hands
Handle pointed or sharp tools with great care, avoiding
let them fall
Sharpen the edge of the nails with a file.
Do not file the corners of the nails too much.
Do not use sharp or pointed tools to clean under the nail.
Avoid applying excessive pressure with the nail buffer
If you make a western cut on the skin, apply an antiseptic immediately.
Do not push the cuticle excessively back
Avoid applying too much pressure at the base of the nail
You will not work on nails that have inflamed or infected areas.

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B.Security measures for materials

Check the status of supplies, materials, and cosmetics

Scissors, nail and cuticle pliers: if sharpened by laser system, they do not require.
review. It is advisable for a professional to sharpen them.
The files, if they are made of sandpaper, should be new for each client, if the
If the material allows it, they should be disinfected after each use.
The wooden sticks must be constantly checked, as with use
they become rusty and deteriorate
The material in general must be clean and in perfect condition.
You must control the expiration dates of cosmetics, for example, the
condition of the varnishes, which thicken too much over time
Do not store the products near heat or close to a flame.
Make sure that the workplace is well-ventilated and the temperature is
correct

Cleaning standards

It is essential to establish a cleaning protocol for the different materials that

you will use, and know how often to apply the cleaning systems to the
same.

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- Recommended systems
a. Solutions for disinfection and sterilization

They are chemical disinfectants that eliminate the active forms of pathogenic microbes.
deposited on objects and surfaces, applications that range from 10 to 30 minutes,
without altering the materials.

These substances are potentially toxic, so you should be careful when handling them.
before using them, you will take a series of precautions:

• You must follow the manufacturer's instructions

• The products will be properly labeled and you will store them in places.
fresh, dry and protected

• They should be used with gloves because they are irritants and toxic, and they can cause
skin injuries

• They are prepared in a bucket where the materials and tools are submerged.
they must disinfect and keep it there for the time recommended by the manufacturer. If
It is necessary to sterilize, whether to increase the time or the concentration.

• Examples of these substances include household bleach, alcohol, or glutaraldehyde.

and the cationic derivatives

b. Devices for disinfection and sterilization of materials

You have a series of devices to clean and disinfect the material of your center.
Aesthetics. They use different disinfection systems and you need to learn how to use them.
without danger, following the rules of safety and hygiene.

Before using these devices, it is essential to clean the objects to be sterilized.

sinks to eliminate any remaining dirt that you might have and dry them
carefully.

• Autoclave. It is a device that uses the method of moist heat:

by means of high pressure and high temperature steam. It is used for
metal tools and objects that can withstand high temperatures. An application is made of a
temperature of 120ºC, for 15 to 20 minutes

• Pasteur oven. This oven sterilizes by applying dry heat and hot air.
The materials for sterilization must withstand high temperatures, such as some
type of glass, porcelain, and steels. Sterilizes at 180ºC for 30 minutes, at 160ºC for
2 hours at 140ºC in 3 hours

• Quartz bead sterilizer. Sterilizes by dry heat, acting only

in the contact area. It is mainly used for metallic objects. Once
when the desired temperature is reached, the tip of the instrument is introduced and
let it act: from 15 to 20 seconds or from 3 to 5 minutes, depending on the device

• Germicide. Disinfects using ultraviolet radiation. Acts in the area of

exhibition and has low penetration capability. It is used to maintain the
asepsis of orange chicks, limes, sponges, etc. The exposure should be for 3
5 minutes for each side of the tool.
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4. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NAIL. NAIL PATHOLOGIES THAT IMPEDES THE

APPLICATION PROCESS FOR NAIL PROTHESIS.

PHYSIOLOGY

Nails are located on the back of the fingers of the hands and feet and cover in a way
partial and with a semi-convex structure the last phalanx.

The parts that make up a nail are as follows:

❖ Matrix: it is the innermost part of the structure, being the deepest point.
of the fold in which the nail is inserted. Its function is the production of
keratinized and hard cells in the form of sheets which will form
subsequently the nail. Therefore, the growth of the nails depends on the
functioning of the matrix.

❖ Nail plates: it is the plate in the matrix that we properly call 'nail'
that is formed by hard keratin. Its color is transparent and its shape
As we have indicated, it is semi-convex. It has striations that are perceived in the
being longitudinal on the fingernails and transverse in
the two feet

❖ Nail bed: it is the part of the epidermis covered by the nail. It receives this name
Why is it said that it is the place where the nail 'rests'?

❖ Supraungual fold: it is the fold we mentioned earlier in the

where the nail is inserted. At its outermost part, a thinning occurs.
from this that gives rise to what we know as cuticle

❖ Lunula: it is a white semicircle that is located in the joint area.

of the nail with the fold. Its name derives from the shape of a crescent moon that it has.
this structure. Its white color is due to the large amount of
keratohyalin that it possesses, preventing the capillaries that are located
below can be seen

As for the composition of the nail, it is a protein structure in which participate

various amino acids in addition to keratin and other compounds whose function is
soften the keratin until it completely breaks down

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NAIL ALTERATIONS (PATHOLOGIES)

Just like with other alterations, those that occur in the nails can be
of genetic origin or acquired throughout life. We will briefly indicate
What are the different alterations distinguishing their origins.

Congenital abnormalities

These alterations will be those that are present from birth. Being able to
distinguish the following:

❖ Anonychia is the total absence of nails.

❖ Onicoheterotopia refers to the appearance of nails in places other than the

normal, such as on the palm of the hand

❖ Paquionychia is a condition where the nails have a thickness and hardness above normal.
habitual

❖ Microniquia: it is the nails that have a very small size.

❖ Macronychia: nails larger than normal

❖ Total leukonychia: the color of the nail is completely white

❖ Melanonychia: the skin under the nail shows a

hyperpigmentation

❖ Onychogryphosis: the nail is very hard and thick and presents a twisted shape
Acquired alterations

The alterations mentioned below may be due to causes such as

trauma, infections or prolonged handling of certain substances
(due to the profession). We distinguish:

❖ Tumors, hematomas or calluses: they can occur under the nail or around it.
the same and are mainly due to the use of inadequate footwear

❖ Hyperkeratosis of the nail bed: a horny layer appears in the nail bed.
what causes it to detach and separate

❖ Torn nails: they are tears that occur in the nail in the form of layers.
caused pain and swelling

❖ Pterygium: the cuticle develops excessively, due to conditions

nervous or from the habit of biting their nails

❖ Onychatrophy: the nail stops growing due to other diseases or due to

trauma

❖ Leuconychia: white spots due to the accumulation of keratohyalin, which are

place among the amino acids of keratin

❖ Avitaminosis: alteration that occurs due to the deficiency of vitamins A and F

giving rise to the appearance of ridges on the nails

❖ Onychophagia: habit of biting nails. It is of a neurotic type.

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5. PROTECTION MEASURES FOR THE PROFESSIONAL AND THE CLIENT.

They are the same for all staff at the center and are intended to minimize risks.
of workplace accidents and illnesses.
The uniform serves two purposes: to provide an appearance of
uniformity to all professionals in the center and it helps you
as a protector against stains and splashes.
It will be washed and disinfected as many times as necessary.
His appearance will always be impeccable: we must keep it clean.
and ironed every day
It will be anatomical and eaten
It must support the foot well and allow for perfect breathability.
avoiding bad odors and possible infections
It must have a non-slip sole in order to minimize the risk
from suffering falls
The heel will be low to avoid excessive fatigue and
back injuries
The dressing will be used to cover any injury that
you have on your skin
The dressings will always be available to the
workers
With its use, we achieve the prevention of transmissions and
contagions
If you need to apply it on your hands, you will also use gloves.
every moment
The gloves must be waterproof made of latex, vinyl or
neoprene
They must be disposable
You must ensure that the use of cutting material does not prick them. If
if you detect any breakage, you will discard the glove and replace it
for another immediately
It is true that for a manicurist, its use makes work difficult,
but it is also important to convey to the client the feeling
that you avoid the possibility of disease contagion
As much as you can, you will use material
disposable.
With the use of disposable materials, you will decrease a lot.
the risk of suffering and spreading infections, since each element
it is used in the treatment of a single client
You can find all kinds of disposable material:
masks, hair caps, towels, toe separator,
etc

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6. CONCLUSION

To provide a proper service, it is necessary to have a deep knowledge, not only of

the techniques and procedures but also of safety and hygiene, as well as of the
different methods of disinfection and sterilization that we should use.

By observing hygienic and sanitary conditions and practices, the risk of

transmit diseases in addition to securing a safe and healthy workplace
for the professional and the client.

We must be aware that, due to our profession, we have an added risk of

to contract or spread infections or diseases. To avoid all these problems
we must take a series of precautions in the handling of instruments, measures of
protection, etc.

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Artificial Nail Techniques

2015

• Villasevi, E. Cabado, M.F. Aesthetics of hands and feet and artificial nail techniques.
Ed. Videocinco. Madrid. 2012.

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