BOLIVARIAN REPUBLIC OF VENEZUELA

OPERATIONAL STRATEGIC COMMAND

HAWK TASK MANAGEMENT GROUP

Caracas, October 5, 2011.

DIRECTIVE No. CEO-TH-1-3

DOCTRINE FOR THE USE OF THE AIR SECURITY SYSTEM AND

ARMED FORCES OF BOLIVARIAN NATIONAL LAND

OBJECT:
Establish the doctrinal foundations in Air and Ground Safety of the system.
of prevention of air and land accidents in the National Armed Force
Bolivarian (F.A.N.B).

INDEX
Page.

Situation 2
Philosophy 2
Concept of Security 5
Use of the Term Air and Ground Security 6
Location of the S.A.T organisms in the F.A.N.B... 6
Functions of Security 7
The Performance of Air and Ground Security 8
Commander’s Responsibility 8
Policies, Plans, and Programs 8
Education in Air and Ground Safety 8
Rewards 9
The Accident Investigation Board 9
Research 9
The Reports on Accidents and their fate................................. 11
Operational Mission and Air and Ground Security 12
General Provisions..………………………………………………………. 14
Particular provisions 14
Validity 14
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I SITUATION:
PHILOSOPHY:
The main resource of institutions is man, and it undoubtedly constitutes the
support of systems, institutions, companies, and in general all
organizations. That is why it is mandatory to direct all action to maintaining the
effort to avoid and prevent all activities that endanger the
integrity of the staff by maintaining favorable working conditions and that
allow an interaction between man, machine, and equipment.

Safety and operational efficiency are synonymous, given that in a brief examination
It is possible to demonstrate that both aspects rise and fall in proportion.
direct, that is to say, that a high rate of accidents reflects low efficiency.
operational and high operational efficiency reflects a low accident rate.

What is done for safety, both Air, will always be insufficient.

as terrestrial. From the above, it is deduced that if we wish to decrease the
air and ground accidents, we will have to maintain a stance of constant and
insistent vigilance over the entirety of the activities carried out in each of
the Units that make up the F.A.N.B.

The terminology of Air and Ground Safety must be understood equally in

at all levels, this happens simply by improving each functional area of the
security system that will ultimately manifest as good management of the
institution where it takes place. Likewise, considering that: The elimination of
It is impossible to prevent all accidents and incidents; failures will continue to occur despite this.
with maximum efforts in prevention, there is no human activity or designed system
by the human being who is completely free of risks and errors. Starting from that the
risks and mistakes are acceptable in an implicitly secure system as long as
be under control. The F.A.N.B has followed the precepts in the field of philosophy with the
the purpose of keeping risks controlled to make them acceptable, and it
they manifest as follows:

Every accident can be avoided:

Originally, it was thought that some accidents were inevitable. Later, without
embargo, upon establishing the relationship between the contributing factors of a
accident and its respective effects, it was discovered that the accident occurs as
result of a sequence of events. They always originate from
deficiencies framed in four basic factors: human, material, operational and
means; which will be considered later in more detail.

Once the participating factors in the accidents have been identified and analyzed,
they can adopt appropriate measures to neutralize them. Thus, although

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some types of more complex nature accidents require work of

more intense and elaborate prevention, it can be said that all accidents
they can be avoided. For this, it is required that they be developed by personnel
qualified.

1.2 Any accident results from a sequence of events and never from
an isolated cause:

Rarely is an accident the result of a single factor or a single situation.

dangerous. Aviation accidents always result from the combination of several
factors called "Contributing Factors". Each of them, analyzed
Isolatedly, it may seem insignificant. However, when they are combined.
with others, they can complete a sequence of events that results in an accident
aeronautical.

Accident prevention works in the identification and elimination of such

factors before a point of materialization of the accident is reached.

1.3 Every accident has a precedent:

When comparing the characteristics of any current accident with

the accidents of the past, it is concluded that the current one does not constitute a
Complete novelty. Many contributing factors or all of them are already known.
In conclusion, based on the contributing factors, many of the accidents that
today happen, have already occurred in the past, and will probably repeat in the future,
unless the preventive work is not adequate. Reason for the
The accidents that occurred must be studied carefully.

1.4 Accident prevention requires general mobilization:

When an accident occurs where it is evident that any of the factors

causal factors of the same coincide with any other fact from the past, they should be generated
actions where the different entities that promote security interact in order
integrate efforts to reduce the different factors that could cause
similar accidents, generating corrective actions and dissemination.

1.5 Accident prevention does not restrict aerial activity; to

On the contrary, it stimulates their development with certainty:

For some, preventive measures could bring a certain character with them.
restrictive to the development of air activity. This is not true; to
on the contrary, accident prevention aims to raise the indices of
security to stimulate and increase air activity in all its modalities.

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In practical terms, the preservation of human life and material goods

Obtained through prevention, it will undoubtedly provide greater utilization of the same.
for the benefit of aerial activity.

1.6 The commanders are responsible for the prevention of

accidents.

We are all responsible for accident prevention. However, it is

inherent responsibility of the command, leadership or management function, the
preservation of the personnel and materials that make up the organization.

It is not enough to fulfill the mission; it is necessary that it be fulfilled efficiently.

and safe. Although the mission itself contains a risk index, there must be
concern about nullifying or at least minimizing it.

The adoption of a targeted and effective prevention program will increase the
efficiency of the organization in the performance of operations. None
The prevention program will achieve success if it does not have the essential support.
personnel in an evident, dynamic, and positive way of the Commander, Director, or Chief,
well, they have the power of decision.

The specialist in accident prevention is a valuable professional.

Your task is to advise, alert, recommend, and integrate the efforts of everyone with the
objective of overcoming existing obstacles to achieve the level of security
what is intended. This will only be possible with the direct work of the boss and everyone involved
organization's address.

The prevention specialist is responsible for executing the established security policy.
by the boss and on his behalf.

Once the Commanders, Directors, or Chiefs have the greater responsibility

for the prevention of accidents, it can be concluded that the occurrence of a
The accident reflects a deficiency in its administration.

1.7 In accident prevention, there are no secrets:

Experiences, teachings, and ideas from any source must be

available for the aviation community. In the exchange of information from
accident prevention there is none and there will be no place for jurisdictions,
envy, selfishness, restrictions, confidences, secrecy, hierarchy, among others.

The accident is not scheduled, it happens at any time, in any place,

many times under the most adverse conditions for care, rescue,
help, among others. For this reason, time cannot be wasted on prevention. A
simple bureaucratic obstacle to the adoption of a preventive measure or even the
linking of prevention information, may be responsible for the

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occurrence of a new accident. It is very important that there is a conjugation.

of efforts from the entire aeronautical community, to provide prevention
with the greatest possible efficiency.

The exchange of information for prevention is a noble mission;

she seeks solely and exclusively the safety of everyone or the common good.

1.8 Accusation and punishment directly threaten the

interests in accident prevention and investigation:

In the field of accident and incident investigation, the legal provisions

some countries may require that other investigations be conducted, such as
those linked to justice (police investigations, etc.).

Technical research is usually conducted in accordance with annex 13 of

the Convention of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), where
the only objective of investigating an accident or incident will be the
accident prevention. This activity is not intended to assign blame or
responsibilities.

Due to the fact that crew members, especially pilots, are always
presents and their actions are normally visible, it is common to accuse them for the
occurrence. If the complete interaction of several groups were to be considered
pilots and just one last person with security responsibilities. Not only
we will find that there are other people involved if not also other risks.

The truth is, the pilot is simply the man placed at the end of the line.
bearing the final responsibility.

Accident prevention activities take place in an environment

where there is absolute human participation. Additionally, an adequate stimulation
that activates the maximum performance of man, they do not change their instinct of
defense when their 'ego' and/or their career are under threat. People must
be encouraged to report errors and failures for the benefit of flight safety, without
that they worry about disciplinary actions.

Some countries adopted procedures for anonymous reporting, or that guarantee the
confidentiality of the source, to solve this problem. The main objective
it is to prevent the recurrence of similar occurrences.
Everyone needs to be encouraged to share their experiences for the benefit of others.
Without such protections, it is extremely unlikely that the information will be
reported.

2. CONCEPT OF OPERATIONAL SECURITY:

Operational safety is the state in which the risk of injury to people or
damage to property is reduced and maintained at an acceptable level, or below it

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the same, through a continuous process of hazard identification and management

of risks, to expedite the fulfillment of the mission with minimal injuries,
loss of lives and material damages.

3. USE DEL TERM SECURITY AERIAL

LAND AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE.

The term security will be used strictly for all those

activities related to the prevention and investigation of air accidents,
terrestrial and industrial hygiene, extending to the physical integrity of personnel and to
the preservation of equipment and facilities to fulfill the mission, and in no case
In case, it should be confused with the term Protection and Defense that corresponds to
physical protection of personnel and equipment.

4. LOCATION OF THE SAT ORGANISMS IN THE

DIFFERENT LEVELS OF LAF.A.N.B:

Every Air Unit of the F.A.N.B must have a Security office.

Aerial, Land, and Industrial Hygiene, which will depend on the Commander or Chief of the
same, with the aim that he is informed and advised directly, without the
difficulties that a different organizational position would mean, and in
consequence:

4.1 The highest body in Air Safety, land and Industrial Hygiene (SAT)
within the organizational structure of the F.A.N.B, it will be the Ministry of Power
Popular for Defense, and will be represented by the General Inspectorate of the
Bolivarian National Armed Force, the Inspector General of the Military Aviation
Bolivarian and the executing entity will be the Air and Land Security Directorate
(DIRSAT), attached to the INGAV that will operate and have its headquarters directly in the
Aviation Component.

4.2 It will be the responsibility of DIRSAT to prepare the corresponding Directives.

the matter will generate policies and will turn corrective actions based on the
weaknesses of the system and will oversee the general and specific standards of
Security in the areas of prevention and investigation.

4.3 The intermediate level corresponds to the Major Air Commands of the
Components, having the responsibility within the system, to meet
periodically to standardize and develop prevention plans
accidents, as well as generate corrective actions, supervise and control all the
activities in the field of prevention within their area of influence. These plans
they will obey the policies issued by the High Command. The conclusions and
Recommendations should be centralized in the S.A.T. Directorate.

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4.4 It corresponds to Air Units, Air Bases, and Air Groups, as

executive level, develop accident prevention programs, in order to comply
with the regulations issued by the Superior Level. This level constitutes the
watchful eye of the system, responsible for detecting unsafe acts and conditions
to report them to the Upper Level so that actions can be generated
corrective measures that will revitalize the needs of the system.

5. FUNCTIONS OF OPERATIONAL SAFETY,

LAND AND INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE:

Through security policies, plans, and programs, resources will be allocated everywhere.
time to detect or predetermined potential causal factors of
accidents in order to provide corrective measures to prevent them from happening, and
In the event that accidents occur, they must be thoroughly investigated with
the aim is to determine the causes that originated it and thereby prevent its
recurrence; in this sense, the functions of Security are developed in two (02)
phases:

5.1. Before the events:

This phase will require the utmost efforts aimed at mitigating risks for
control them and keep them at an acceptable level, to reduce the likelihood of
the occurrence of an accident corresponds to all those activities related to
develop that allow for taking provisions and applying corrective actions on
deficiencies arising from the causes of previous accidents, with the purpose of
to prevent these from tending to repeat for similar reasons.

Similarly, through inspections and other actions, detect conditions or

unsafe acts that could cause accidents and incidents in order to take the
quick and timely actions for their control.

5.2. After the events:

This phase refers to the actual investigation of accidents and

incidents, in order to determine the possible causal and contributing factors
that influenced its materialization, with the purpose of generating corrective actions
to prevent its recurrence.

On the other hand, it allows for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the policies issued in the area of
prevention and analyze the relationship of this with the occurrence of the accident or incidents to
the purpose of reforming them, as well as visualizing the weaknesses of the system in order to
structure them through plans, programs and all those activities or
actions aimed at controlling risks.

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6. THE PERFORMANCE OF AIR SECURITY POSITION

AND LAND:

The personnel performing functions of Air Security, Ground Security, and Industrial Hygiene
within the organizational structure of the F.A.N.B, it must be done as a position
primary because its advisory function to the Command involves multiple
occupations and responsibilities that arise from this situation, which demands that
the performance of these specific functions should not be developed collaterally
with another position.

7. COMMANDER RESPONSIBILITIES:

The prevention of accidents and incidents, regardless of their classification, is a

mandatory task for all military and civilian personnel working in the F.A.N.B,
being the primary responsibility of the Commanders at all levels of the
organization. They are required to provide the necessary stimulus to
ensure an effective and efficient work, determine the objectives and establish the
standards that make the activities carried out in the field functional and positive
of Air, Land Security and Industrial Hygiene.

8. POLICIES, PLANS AND PROGRAMS:

All activities related to the prevention and investigation of accidents and

incidents must be guided by the policies issued by the Inspectorate
General of the F.A.N.B. These policies will be obtained from the diagnosis of the factors
causes of the air and land accidents that occur in the F.A.N.B. The
they must be prepared in the last quarter of the year for the
consideration of the signature of the Inspector General of the F.A.N.B. At the level of the
Component Commands, accident prevention plans will be developed.
that will guide the activities to be carried out by the subordinate Units.
These plans will adhere to the policies issued by the Higher Command. The
Subordinate units will be the executing body, preparing for that purpose the
corresponding programs based on the plans issued by the
Great Commands.

9. EDUCATION IN AIR AND LAND SECURITY:

All organic military and civilian personnel of the F.A.N.B must be indoctrinated in
subject of Air, Land and Industrial Hygiene Safety, according to the
instruction programs that the Aviation Component has in relation to S.A.T,
in such a way that their actions, regardless of where they are carried out, result in

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more logical, more effective and above all more secure. To that end, the highest
Air, Land, and Industrial Hygiene Safety Agency together with the
the highest instruction body, which is the Air War College,
they must coordinate their efforts in order to ensure that all staff of the
Components are acquired through the most convenient methods and systems.
application, an adequate criterion of Air Safety, Land Safety, and Industrial Hygiene,
towards the efficient accomplishment of the tasks assigned under their responsibilities.

10. REWARDS:

The Ministry of Popular Power for Defense will establish a system of

rewards aimed at stimulating military and civilian personnel who have developed
highlighted activities in favor of accident prevention.

Likewise, it will acknowledge the actions taken by the crew members.

that during the performance of their flight activities, they have experienced a
emergency or flight situation that involves high risk and that due to its prior
knowledge of emergency procedures and good judgment has resolved
successfully such a situation, thus avoiding loss of life and material damage.

11. THE ACCIDENTS INVESTIGATION BOARD OF THE

F.A.N.B:

It is made up of a group of experts in the study and analysis of the

different causal and/or contributing factors that intervene in the occurrence of
an accident (Human, Material, Operational and Environmental). It will be activated
according to:

THE AIR ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION REGULATION OF

"AIRCRAFT OF THE NATIONAL ARMED FORCES", put into effect on
through the resolution of the Ministry of People's Power for Defense No. DG
15356 dated 18MAR02 and published in Official Gazette No. 323048 dated
01APR02 states that the Air Accident Investigation Board will be
composed of members from the different components of the Armed Forces
Bolivarian National Armed Forces (FANB) and will act at the moment an accident occurs.
greater and fatal proportions or serious incident, where they are involved
aircraft of the FANB.

12. RESEARCHES:

All accidents, incidents, risk reports, deficiency reports and in

general all those conditions situations that alter the normal, safe and
effective development of the tasks carried out in the F.A.N.B must be
thoroughly investigated by properly trained and qualified personnel for such

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function according to resolution, in order for the conclusions to be the most accurate and the
recommendations lead more accurately to the control of the causes
potential risks to avoid other accidents. To that effect, the Commands of
Units of the F.A.N.B must provide the necessary support so that the referred
organisms can achieve the established purposes, allowing for selection and
application of measures aimed at preventing accidents and minimizing risks.

13. THE REPORTS ON ACCIDENTS AND THEIR

DESTINATION:

The Accident Investigation Boards pursue a single purpose: to discover the

causal factors and the contributing factors that lead to the accident to issue
recommendations aimed at preventing other accidents, the investigation
It should be concluded with the respective conclusions and recommendations on time.
more expedited. The reports must be sent to the affected units. By virtue of
it is considered necessary to clearly determine that the content of the reports
accidents prepared by these Boards cannot be used at any time
as an argument to undertake or request punitive actions against
individual and any organization. This provision applies throughout the entire process.
investigative, both for the documents that originate from it and the information
provided by witnesses or another auxiliary person.

When there are signs of indiscipline, the corresponding participation will be made to the
INGAV, in order to carry out the necessary procedures.

14. OPERATIONAL MISSION OF AIR SECURITY AND

TERRESTRIAL:

Security as a system has been created to optimize compliance with the

mission through actions that allow improving the relationship between man, the
machine and the environment, facilitating risk control; at no time will it be possible
interpret that this has been created to establish competencies with the mission
primary of the organization, but on the contrary, ensure compliance with the
minimum risk with the participation of all military and civilian personnel involved
in the functioning of the institution, those who must be perfectly
aware that the purpose of the Air, Land and Hygiene Security System
Industrial is to preserve human life, material, and other resources.

15. ORGANIZATION OF THE SECURITY SYSTEM:

To fulfill its mission, the Air, Land, and Hygiene Security System
The Industrial of the F.A.N.B is made up of the following organizations with their
respective functions:

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15.1. Inspector General of the F.A.N.B and the General Command of the
Aviation:
Issue policies on Air and Ground Security through the Plan
Integral Air, Land and Industrial Hygiene Security of the F.A.N.B.

15.2. General Inspectorate of Aviation:

Supervise compliance with the policies issued by the F.A.N.B and the Command
General, as well as all those activities aimed at prevention of
air and ground accidents that must be complied with by the units of the F.A.N.B.
15.3 Air and Land Security Directorate (DIRSAT):

It is the highest body located in the INGAV and in this particular case has its
organization and functions established in the Directives of the General Inspectorate
the AviationAV/D 2-2 of September 16, 2010, and its mission is to execute the Policies and
Directives on Air, Land Security and Industrial Hygiene, that
orient and motivate the activities of accident prevention and investigation of
F.A.N.B, as well as overseeing its proper compliance in order to ensure the
achievement of the assigned mission with a minimum of risk.

15.4. Air and Ground Security Divisions and Industrial Hygiene

of each component.

They are the superior organs of planning and supervision for compliance with the
policies regarding Air Safety, Land Safety, and Industrial Hygiene formulated
it is the General Inspectorate of the F.A.N.B and the General Command of the Aviation, thus
like all the activities that are required for prevention
control the risks that affect the achievement of the mission.

15.5. Department of Air and Ground Security and Hygiene

Industrial of the Air Units of the F.A.N.B:

They are the organs for programming and executing the intermediate plans of
prevention formulated by their respective Commands.

15.6. Sections of Air Security, Ground, and Industrial Hygiene

of all the Air Units of the F.A.N.B:

They are the organs responsible for executing accident prevention programs.
foreseen according to the characteristics of the dependent variables of the factors
causes of accidents for each specific unit.

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16.ACTIVITIES TO BE FULFILLED BY THE SYSTEM OF

SECURITY:

They are all those activities planned, scheduled, executed, and controlled.
that aim to positively impact the significant reduction of accidents
incidents, as well as in the generation of situational and preventive awareness of
all the tasks that are fulfilled in the Component:

16.1. Security Council and Committee:

It is one that is composed of different members of the F.A.N.B.

oriented to coordinate and execute the actions and measures contemplated in the
prevention program, as well as to carry out the actions emanating from the Command
Superior, with the aim of achieving a greater utilization of our Units
operational, logistical and administrative, and contribute in this way to the achievement of the most
high degree of operational efficiency of each Component.

16.2. Security Week:

It refers to the week that each unit must dedicate to the celebration of events.
related to the area of Air and Ground Security, taking the date as
reference the first week of work of the year.

16.3. Prevention Campaigns:

Accident prevention campaigns will be scheduled to be executed prior to

the days off corresponding to: Carnival, Holy Week, Holidays
Schoolchildren and Christmas days.

Each campaign will be organized and directed by the Air Units of the F.A.N.B.
These activities should be included in the plans and programs of
accident prevention.

16.4. SAT Bulletins:

They are those publications aimed at raising awareness among the personnel of the F.A.N.B to
object of preventing the recurrence of air, land, and industrial accidents, in a
or several functional areas.

16.5. Aeronautical Safety Symposium:

It consists of the organization of a series of activities led by experts in

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Aviation and Accident Prevention. It consists of various conferences.

related to the areas mentioned above, having the following objectives:

16.5.1 Encourage the personnel of the F.A.N.B with responsibilities in the area of
Air Safety, providing you with knowledge that allows you to stay updated on this
material, aimed at optimizing accident prevention.

16.5.2 To publicize the different actions and achievements obtained by the F.A.N.B in the
area of air accident prevention, with the purpose of stimulating in this
field to the different aeronautical organizations of the country.

16.5.3 Strengthen the existing links between the different organizations

aeronautics of the country, allowing them to update knowledge in the area of
Security through the exchange of knowledge and experiences.

16.6. Inspecciones Programadas:

They will be all activities aimed at verifying the conditions of

operationality of the support elements for air and ground operations in the
F.A.N.B, and to propose corrective actions for the unsafe conditions that are
detect, and verify the correct application of operational procedures, of
maintenance or other activity in the F.A.N.B. Units.

16.7. Unscheduled inspections:

They will be carried out due to some special situation that alters in one way or another.
the security activities of the different Air Units of the F.A.N.

16.8. Special Operations of SAT:

They are all those activities for the prevention of accidents and incidents, aimed at
minimize the risks of accidents and incidents during special events of
mass attendance of personnel such as parades, air shows, fairs
aviation, deployment of Air Units, among others.

16.9. SAT Conferences and Workshops:

Its purpose is to raise awareness among military and civilian personnel members of the
organic units of the F.A.N.B, on the importance of security in all
functional areas where they perform daily.

16.10. Monthly Report on Air, Land, and Hygiene Safety

Industrial

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All Air Units of the F.A.N.B must prepare a monthly report on

which records the most important activities regarding Security
they have carried out, following the pattern established by DIRSAT. Said report
must be sent directly to INGAV within the first five (05) days of each
Myself, and inform your respective Command through your Regular Body.

16.11.Technical Advice:

It is an advisory body that is activated at the request of DIRSAT, to

provide technical advice on SAT matters, and thus contribute to the solution
of problems that could compromise security within the scope of the
Aviation.

II GENERAL PROVISIONS.

None.

III PARTICULAR PROVISIONS.

None.

V VALIDITY.

This Directive will come into effect from the date of its publication.

PLEASE FULFILL:

HENRY DE JESÚS RÁNGEL SILVA

GENERAL IN CHARGE
STRATEGIC OPERATIONAL COMMANDER

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MHAO

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