PART I : WORD FORMATIONS

THEORY
1. Ví trí, chức năng và dấu hiệu nhận biết từ loại
DANH TỪ(NOUN)
Vị trí của danh từ trong câu.
1. Chủ ngữ của câu (đầu cầu, đầu Maths is the subject I like best
mệnh đề)
2.Sau tính từ (good, beautiful..), She is a good teacher.
Sau tính từ sở hữu (my, your, his, His father works in hospital.
her,..).
Cụm danh từ: a/ an the + (adv) +
adj + N.
3. Làm tân ngữ, sau động từ I like English.
We are students.
4. Sau "enough" (enough +N) He didn't have enough money to
buy that car.
5. Sau các mạo từ (a, an, the) She is a teacher.
Đại từ chỉ định (this, that, these, This book is an interesting book.
those); I have a little money to go to the
Lượng từ (each, no, any, a few, a movie.
little,..)
6. Sau giới từ: in, on, of, with, under, Thanh is good at literature.
at...
Dấu hiệu nhận biết danh từ
-ion (distribution), -ment (development), -er (teacher) , -or (actor), -
ant (accountant), -age (marriage), -ship (friendship), -sm
(enthusiasm), -ity (ability), -ness (happiness), -dom (freedom), -ist
(terrorist), -ian (physician), -hood (childhood), -ance (importance), -
ence (dependence), -ety (society), -ty (honesty)
TÍNH TỪ(ADJECTIVE)
Vị trí của tính từ trong câu
1. Trước danh từ: (a/an/the) + (adv) My Tam is a famous singer.
+ adj + N
2. Sau động từ liên kết:S+V+Adj Tom seems tired now
be/ seem/ appear: có vẻ như The homework keeps me busy all
/ feel/ taste/ look/sound/smell. the time
Become/get/turn/go/come: trở nên
keep/stay/remain: giữ lại
get/ keep/ make/leave/drive (sb) + adj
3. Sau "too": S+ be/ seem/look..+ too Coffee seems too hot for me to
+adj.. drink.
4. Trước “enough": S + be + adj + She is tall enough to play volleyball.
enough..
5. Trong cấu trúc: so + adj + that The weather was so bad that we
decided to stay
 at home
6. Dùng dưới các dạng so sánh Meat is more expensive than fish.
7. Dùng trong câu cảm thán: How intelligent she is!
How + adj +S+V! What a beautiful girl!
What + (a/an) + adj +N!
Dấu hiệu nhận biết tính từ
-ful (helpful), -less (homeless), -ly (friendly), -al (national), -ble
(acceptable), -ive (active), -ous (famous), -ish (selfish), -y (foggy), -like
(childlike), -ic (scientific), -ed (bored), -ing (interesting), -ary (necessary), -
ant (important), -ent (different)
TRẠNG TỪ
Vị trí của trạng từ trong câu
1. Trước động từ thường giữa trợ They seldom get up early in the
động từ và động từ thường (đặc morning.
biệt là các trạng từ chỉ tần suất: I have recently finished my
always, usually,...) homework.
I don't usually go to school late.
2. Trước tính từ: be/ feel/look.. + She is very nice.
adv + adj He looks extremely unwell.
3. Sau "too": V(thường) + too + adv ! The teacher speaks too quickly.
4. Trước "enough": V(thường) + adv The teacher speaks slowly enough
+ enough for us to understand.
5. Trong cấu trúc : V(thường) + so + Jack drove so fast that he caused an
adv + that accident.
6. Đứng cuối câu (trạng từ thời gian) I finished my essay last week.
7. Thường đứng 1 mình ở đầu câu/ Last summer I came back my home
giữa câu và cách các thành phần country.
khác của câu bằng dấu “,” Its raining hard. Tom, however,
goes to school.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết trạng từ:
Adv = adj + ly (beautifully, usefully, carefully, strongly, badly)
Ngoại lệ: Một số từ có đuôi “ly” nhưng là tính từ: daily: hàng ngày, early:
sớm; elderly: già, lớn tuổi; friendly: thân thiện, likely: có khả năng sẽ xảy
ra; costly = đắt đỏ; lively = sinh động, lonely
lẻ loi, lovely = đáng yêu, manly = nam tính; silly = ngớ ngẩn; ugly =
xấu xí; unlikely: không có khả năng xảy ra; monthly: hàng tháng;
weekly: hàng tuần, brotherly = như anh em; comely = duyên dáng;
goodly = có duyên; homely =giản dị, lowly = hèn mọn, masterly = tài
giỏi; scholarly uyên bác; shapely = dáng đẹp, timely = đúng lúc;
unseemly = không phù hợp.
ĐỘNG TỪ
Vị trí của trạng từ trong câu
1. Thường đứng sau chủ ngữ Lam Anh plays volleyball everyday.
2. Đứng sau trạng từ chỉ tần suất I usually get up late.
Dấu hiệu nhận biết động từ
-ate (compensate), -ain (maintain); -flect (reflect), -flict (inflict); -spect
(respect), -scrib (describe), -ceive (deceive), -fy (modify), -isel-ize
(realize), -ude (include), -ide (devide), dus (evade), -tend (extend),...
PRACTICES
 Dạng bài tập cơ bản
Use the correct form of the word in brackets to complete the
following sentences.
1. There are some _____________ to every grammatical rule. EXCEPT
2. The engineering sector achieved significant _____________ last year. GROW
3. I have a _____________ of old records from my grandma. COLLECT
4. He'll _____________ be coming later. SURE
5. Eric Clapton's guitar solos are _____________. LEGEND
6. It was one of the most _____________ plays I've seen recently. ENJOY
7. In her time, Marilyn Monroe was a very _____________ actress. GLAMOUR
8. It's_____________to tell whether he's lying or not. POSSIBLE
9. He's no worldwide star, but he had very humble _____________. BEGIN
10. They took _____________ of noise levels inside the building. MEASURE
11. He's a really _____________ person. RELY
12. She made several excellent _____________ in her essay on Charles OBSERVE
Dickens.
13. Watching TV shows in English is definitely very _____________ to USE
improve your listening skills.
14. The Internet is probably one of the best _____________ ever. INVENT
15. The boat was 16 feet in _____________. LONG
16. Both _____________ and fluency are important when speaking a ACCURATE
foreign language.
17. You shouldn't have said that! It was a totally _____________ APPROPRIAT
remark. E
18. Since the earliest times, civilisations have understood the IMPORTANT
_____________ of time.
19. Doing puzzles keeps our brains fit and _____________. HEALTH
20. As well as gaining _____________, by doing puzzles we give our SATISFY
brains a good workout.
21. The most _____________ games have sold in the millions. SUCCESS
22. People have _____________ that doing puzzles is good for you. COVER
23. It's easy to find a _____________ to the problems posed. SOLVE
24. There has been an _____________ in the power of their brains. IMPROVE
25. Some _____________ argue that the brain gets better at a task the SCIENCE
more it repeats it.
26. The improvement in the _____________is something that happens PERFORM
naturally.
27. It remains _____________ whether puzzles are actually helping to CERTAIN
boost brainpower or not.
28. According to _____________, most people sleep less than 8 hours SEARCH
every day.
29. The advice passed down to our grandparents may contain some TRUE
_____________.
30. A good example is the_____________between being cold and RELATION
catching a cold.
31. These high-heeled shoes are _____________ for such rough terrain. SUIT
32. Colds are caused by viruses, so in the _____________ of a virus, ABSENT
you can't catch a cold.
33. You're too young. This film is _____________ for children your age. APPROPRIAT
E
34. _____________ now think that we may have viruses in our bodies SCIENCE
already.
35. In cold weather, for example, blood vessels in the nose get FORTUNATE
smaller to stop heat escaping. _____________, this also allows the cold
virus to attack the nose or throat more easily.
36. Victoria Falls in Africa is one of the most _____________sights in SPECTACLE
the world.
37. It's also an _____________ place for water sports. CREDIBLE
38. We need you to provide an accurate _____________ of the DESCRIBE
situation.
39. On arrival, it's the noise that makes the greatest_____________. IMPRESS
40. The _____________ landscape is also well worth a visit. SURROUND
41. There's a post office a bit _____________down the road. FAR
42. Six months after the accident, he still has _____________ walking. DIFFICULT
43. I can't play tennis that well because I'm a _____________. BEGIN
44. Don't go there. It's _____________. DANGER
45. Read this. It'll be very _____________ for your trip to Australia. USE
46. I didn't find him that _____________, but my friend did. ATTRACT
47. The school has a _____________ for being very up-to-date with REPUTE
technology.
48. These are _____________clothes and that's why they are very DESIGN
expensive.
49. I left the party because it was _____________ noisy in there. EXTREME
50. I had no _____________but to tell him. CHOOSE
51. This cloth is made from natural fibers. NATURE
52. If you want to take care of the environment, it's important to CYCLE
recycle
53. In the next few years, scientists will hopefully have found a cure SCIENCE
for malaria.
54. According to the researchthe epidemic started in Kuala Lumpur. SEARCH
55. Isolation from family and friends can lead to feelings of anxiety. ISOLATE
56. I was unable to understand what the problem was. ABLE
57. There will be a mixture of solo games and competitive games MIX
available.
58. Participants will later be asked for feedback on the event. FEED
59. It was an emotional reunion and we were all really touched EMOTION
when we remembered how we had met.
60. I am writing to ask for further information on your Open Day. INFORM
61. This took place at the end of the twentieth century. TWENTY
62. People really enjoyed the party. JOY
63. Meditation is great as a means of relaxation RELAX
64. This method is a lot more effective than the previous one. EFFECT
65. Picasso was a Spanish artist who also lived in France. ART
66. There has been little movement in the negotiations since MOVE
January.
67. Surprisingly enough, I didn't know she already had four SURPRISE
children.
68. His voice was instantly recognizable. INSTANT
69. The only cure for boredom is creativity. BORE
70. This is a textile company specializing in denim. SPECIAL
71. Sadness is a part of life, but you have to be able to enjoy the SAD
others too.
72. Without that, I wouldn't be happy even if I was the richest man RICH
in the world.
73. The music in the festival was so loud. It was deafening DEAF
74. I don't think my marks can get higher because I already study to HIGH
the best of my abilities.
75. The largest river fish in Europe lives in Spain! LARGE
76. Passeig de Gràcia is being widened so there is more room for WIDE
people to walk on the pavement.
77. I can ensure that if you study you will have no problems passing SURE
this test.
78. Nowadays there are lots of endangered species of animals in DANGER
the world, for example, the panda.
79. I was encouraged to take the driving test by my friends. COURAGE
80. I see they've finally got round to widening the Shoreham road. WIDE
81. The teacher asked us to summarize the main ideas in the SUMMARY
chapter we had read in class.
82. The top manager of the shop told me that my credit card was not VALIDATE
valid to pay for the jeans which cost under 20€.
83. Art in the 20th century is usually referred to as modern art. MODERNIZE
84. Everybody listens to David Guetta's music. It's so commercial COMMERCE
85. Butterflies are thoroughly classified by scientists. CLASS
86. She exemplifies the qualities of a good leader. EXAMPLE
87. Many people don't understand the simplicity of life. SIMPLE
88. It's impossible to tell those twins apart! They are identical IDENTITY
89. He made several wrong generalizations about women. GENERAL
90. It was hard to differentiate between the two styles of music. DIFFERENCE
91. He hasn't finished the preparation course, so he's not qualified QUALIFY
for this job.
92. She was captivated by the colour of the plant. CAPTIVE
93. At the auction, Elton John's car was valued at 1 million euros. VALUE
94. The assassination took place next door at 2 am. ASSASSIN
95. The main characteristics of this painting are its bright colours CHARACTER
and its sense of perspective.
96. Stability is important in a relationship. STABLE
97. Despite his familiarity with that type of vehicle, he had an FAMILIAR
accident because a cat made him crash into a tree.
98. At the best moment of its empire, Rome had dominance over all DOMINANT
the Mediterranean.
99. Nowadays almost everything can be computerized thanks to the COMPUTER
use of technology.
100. I wish I had the strength to do that. STRONG
 Dạng bài tập nâng cao
Complete the passage using the correct form of the words in the
capital letters.
Exercise 1
To neighbors, Mr Stewart is a dull man who speaks (1)POLITE
very_________(1)and whose only form_________(2)is his job. And to (2)ENTERTAIN
a certain extent it's true, since Mr Stewart finds his job (3)INTEREST
very_________(3)He is an antique dealer and goes to (4)HAPPY
work_________(4)every day. He handles some (5)EXPENSE
very_________(5)pieces sometimes, which can make his (6)DANGER
job_________(6)as there have recently been quite a few (7)ROB
_________(7)at antique shops. So not _________(8), Mr Stewart (8)SURPRISE
decided that his own business needed some extra (9)PROTECT
_________(9)After having an alarm system put in, Mr Stewart (10)COMPLETE
doesn't feel _________(10)secure but he does feel more protected.
Exercise 2
You may know that Asian, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean (1)TRADITION
cultures have _________(1)used garlic in their dishes. What you (2)VALUE
may not know is that garlic was also thought of as a (3)PROFESSION
_________(2)medicine by many ancient civilisations. Today, (4)INFORM
_________(3)in the field of nutrition have come up with (5)ILL
new_________(4)which is indeed quite surprising. Apparently, not (6)ADVANTAGE
only is garlic good for you but it also helps overcome various (7)BREATH
_________(5)The main _________(6)to eating garlic is of course bad (8)NATURE
_________(7)Cooking it reduces the strong smell and eating (9)SERIOUS
parsley, which is a _________(8)deodoriser, also helps minimise (10)FAVOUR
the smell. So, it's time we took the benefits of g
arlic_________(9)Why not add it to some of your
_________(10)dishes!
Exercise 3
Being a _________(1), I often have to go on strange assignments. (1)JOURNAL
So when my editor told me to do a story on one of the (2)FAME
_________(2)health spas in Switzerland, I was only too happy to go (3)VARY
and take it easy for a week or two. However, when I got there (4)ANGRY
and saw the programme, I began to panic. I had to go on a diet (5)BUILD
and participate in a _________(3)of exercise classes. My (6)ORGANIZE
_________(4)turned to rage when they insisted I go to bed very (7)NEIGHBOUR
early so as to get up at 6:00 a. m. and eat breakfast in a (8)INVITE
_________(5)which looked like a greenhouse. I must admit that (9)AMUSE
they ran an excellent _________(6)Anyway, you can imagine how (10)FRIGHT
happy I was to see my familiar _________(7)when I finally arrived
home. A few months later, I received an _________(8)rom the same
clinic for a week's worth of free treatment. My family thought it
rather _________(9)when they saw the_________(10)look on my
face.
Exercise 4
My father was a police _________(1), my mother a (1) INSPECT
_________(2)Their _________(3)to move to a small town when I was (2) TEACH)
a child changed my life. It was a very _________(4)place and of (3) DECIDE
course living there meant that I had much more _________(5)to go (4) PEACE
wherever I pleased. The people were _________(6)but I missed my (5) FREE
close friends, my school and the_________(7)city I had lived in. As I (6) FRIEND
grew up, I realized that there wasn't much for a young person to (7) NOISE
do there, except rush into _________(8). When I left, my parents (8) MARRY
were sad, but they realized that staying there would only make (9) MISERY
me _________(9)The big city I live in now is not very far away, so I (10) FREQUENT
can visit my parents _________(10)and have the best of both
worlds.
Exercise 5
The economic crisis facing many countries today, has created (1)EMPLOY
serious _________(1)problems. _________(2)young people, willing to (2) ENERGY
work, are confronted by many _________(3)when trying to find a (3) DIFFICULT
job. Filling in countless _________(4)forms and hearing that they (4) APPLY
are _________(5)for the job because they don't have the right (5) SUIT
_________(6)can be disheartening. Finding a job seems just (6) QUALIFY
_________(7)However, their _________(8)shouldn't affect them nor (7) POSSIBLE
make them give up. There is no straightforward _________(9)other (8) DISAPPOINT
than _________(10)and persistence. (9) SOLVE
(10) PATIENT
Exercise 6
There are a myriad of lifestyle issues affecting the youth of today. (1) REAL
Such is the pressure heaped on many school-goers to achieve (2) DESPAIR
academic excellence by their parents that these unrealistic (1) (3) PUSH
expectations are causing children to become hopelessly (4) AMOUNT
depressed. Indeed, some, in their desperation (2) to escape and (5) HARM
their sense of guilt at being unable reach the levels of success (6) VIRTUE
demanded of them by their pushy (3) parents, either rebel in (7) DRAMA
what is tantamount (4) to a cry for help, or, worse still, engage (8) BUD
in self-harm (9) PRIVATE
(5). It is no coincidence that suicide rates, expecially amongst (10) ERR
young males, have been rising steadily for some time now. These (11) SOCIAL
are tough times to be a teen. (12) ROCKET
Then there are those who get hooked on the internet; the virtual
(6) world becomes their reality. For these teens, their social
circle shrinks dramatically (7) until, at last, their friendship
sphere is limited solely to their online buddies (8). Not alone do
they commonly suffer from sleep deprivation (9) on account of
their destructive addiction to game play and net-surfing, their
behaviour may become so erratic (10) and peculiar over time as
to be considered antisocial (11) . And while they sit at their
computer screens hidden away in splendid isolation from the real
world, such is the lack of exercise they get that their calorie
intake far exceeds what is necessary for them to maintain a
stable weight. In essence, due to their sedentary lifestyle, their
weight skyrockets (12) until such time as they become morbidly
obese.
Exercise 7
The standard of television programming produced in this country (1) waterSHED
is in terminal decline. The watershed (1) has become a (2) APPLY
meaningless term confined in its __ applicability applicability (3) GO
(2) to bygone gone (3) days when adult content felt the full force (4) INFORM
of censorship and was not allowed to appear on the box until (5) PICK
after 9:00 p.m. Nowadays, however, it seems anything goes any (6) NET
time. And, truth told, whatever anything is, it seldom 'goes' for (7) RUN
much longer than a half hour or so at any rate before it is (8) YEAR
interrupted by a commercial break. And don't even get me
started on those appalling infomercials (4) most of the
networks run right the way through the night, one after another,
for up to thirty minutes at a time. lt is truly painful. Terrestrial
television is now, as far as I am concerned, a laughing stock. All
the quality has been bought up by the satellite networks, with
their big-money weight behind them, but even here pickings (5)
are slim. In protest at the dire state of things, I have become a
converted netizen (6). I look to the web now to find good
content. There, I can find just enough reruns (7) of quality
programmes to prevent myself from falling into utter despair and
pining for the good old days of yesteryears (8).
Exercise 8
In January 2001, the governmental (1) Panel on Climate Change (1) GOVERN
(IPCC) issued its latest report on climate change. Climate models (2) PRAISE
worked out by giant super-computers had become far more (3)
reliable since the previous report in 1995 and allowed them to EQUIVOCATE
appraise (2) the earlier projections for global warming. Their (4)
conclusions were that something very serious is happening and CONCENTRATE
that it cannot be a natural process. The 1990s was the hottest (5) CATTLE
decade for 1,000 years and the Earth is warming faster than at (6) COMPOSE
any time in the last 10,000 years. According to the report, human (7) LIVELY
activities are unequivocally (3) to blame for the temperature (8) UNANIMOUS
rise. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and, due (9) EMIT
to deforestation, there are fewer trees to absorb this gas and (10) ACT
recycle it back into oxygen. Methane concentrations (4) have
also gone up dramatically because of increases in rice culture and
cattle (5), both of which generate methane from decomposing
(6) vegetation. These greenhouses gases trap heat in the Earth’s
atmosphere and cause the temperature to rise. In the worst case,
the resulting melting of ice-caps and glaciers would cause sea
levels to rise by up to 88 cm, endangering the homes and
livelihoods (7) of tens of millions of people who live in low-lying
regions.
Unfortunately, there is far greater unanimity (8) among the
world’s scientists over the issue than among politicians. As long
ago as 1990, the IPCC recommended a 60% reduction in carbon
dioxide emissions (9), as the basic level required to return the
planet’s climate to a healthy level. Governments globally failed to
enact (10) these proposals. Now that the dangers have been
reaffirmed by the latest report, it is high time that governments
took an active interest in exploring alternative, renewable energy
sources.
Exercise 9
People intuitively recognize the importance of self-esteem to their (1) COMMUNE
psychological health, so it isn't particularly remarkable that most (2)SOCIETY
of us try to protect and enhance it in ourselves whenever (3) FUNCTION
possible. What is remarkable is that attention to self-esteem has (4) ACHIEVE
become a(n) communal (1) concern, at least for Americans, who (5) REGARD
see a favorable opinion of oneself as the central psychological (6) TITLE
source from which all manner of positive outcomes spring. The
corollary, that low self-esteem lies at the root of individual and
thus societal (2) problems and dysfunctions (3), has sustained
an ambitious social agenda for decades. Indeed, campaigns to
raise people's sense of self-worth abound. Consider what
transpired in California in the late 1980s. Prodded by State
Assemblyman John Vasconcellos, Governor George Deukmejian
set up a task force on self-esteem and personal and social
responsibility. Vasconcellos argued that raising self-esteem in
young people would reduce crime, teen pregnancy, drug abuse,
school achievement (4) and pollution. At one point, he even
expressed the hope that these efforts would one day help balance
the state budget, a prospect predicated on the observation that
people with high regard (5) earn more than others and thus pay
more in taxes. Along with its other activities, the task force
assembled a team of scholars to survey the relevant literature.
The results appeared in a 1989 volume titled (6) The Social
Importance of Self-Esteem, which stated that "many, if not most,
of the major problems plaguing society have roots in the low self-
esteem of many of the people who make up society." In reality,
the report contained little to support that assertion.
Exercise 10
Pop art was a(n) conventional (1) art style in which (1)
commonplace (2) objects such as comic strips, soup cans and CONVENTION
road signs were used as subject matter, and were often (2) COMMON
incorporated into the work. The pop art movement was largely a (3) ICON
British and American cultural phenomenon of the late 1950s and (4) UNIVERSE
‘60s. Art critic Lawrence Alloway, referring to the prosaic (5) EXPRESS
iconography (3) of its painting and sculpture, named the (6) SUPREME
movement pop art. It represented an attempt to return to a more (7) PRETEND
objective and universally (4) accepted form of art after the (8)
dominance in both the United States and Europe of the highly COMPREHEND
personal abstract expressionism (5). The art form was (9)
iconoclastic, rejecting the supremacy (6) of the ‘high art’ of the DISCRIMINATE
past and the pretentiousness (7) of other contemporary avant- (10) FAVOUR
garde art. Pop art became a cultural institution because of its
close reflection of a particular social situation and because its
easily comprehensible (8) images were immediately exploited
by the mass media. Although the critics of pop art describe it as
sensational and non-aesthetic, its proponents saw it as an art that
was democratic and not discriminatory (9), bringing together
both connoisseurs and untrained inexperienced viewers. Even
though public reaction to pop art was favorable (10), it found
critical acceptance as a form of art suited to the highly
technological, mass media-oriented society of western countries.