1.

During the time of "Origin of Life" the water of primitive ocean las been called "Lot dilute soup" of organic
substances by-
(a) Miller (b) Oparis (c) Holdare (d) Sidnery fox
2. 'Modern theory of origin of life' was propounded by:
(a) Oparin (b) Miller (c) Darwin (d) Khorana
3. Which one is present today but was absent about 3 to 5 million years ago?
(a)N2 (b)02 (c)H2 (d)CH2
4. There is no life in Moon due to the absence of:
(a) water (b) light (c) temperature (d) oxygen
3. Select the correct statement -
I. Swan-necked flask experiment was done by Louis Pasteur.
II. The early belief of the spontaneous origin of life was disproved by Louis Pasteur.
III. Louis Pasteur is famous for germ theory of disease develop from pre-existing.
IV. The idea that life originates from pre-existing life is referred as biogenesis theory.
V. Father sudrez was one of the greatest advocates of theory of special creation.
VI . Cosmozoic theory of the origin of life was proposed by Richter.
VII. The founder of 'theory of catastrophism' is Georges Cuvier.
(a) All are correct (b) I, II, IV, VI only (c) III, V, VII (d) None
8. Chemical theory of origin of life was given by:
(a) Spallanzani (b) Louis Pasteur (c) Stanley Miller (d) Oparin and Haldan
9. Which compound had a very important role in prebiotic evolution?
(a)CH4 (b)NO (c)S02 (d)SO3
10. Who performed an experiment to prove that organic compounds were the basis of life?
(a) Calvin (b) Miller (c) Oparin (d) Melvin
11. On the primitive Earth, polymers such as proteins and nucleic acids in aqueous suspension formed the spherical
aggregates. These are called:
(a) liposomes (b) primitogens (c) coacervates ," (d) primitosomes
12. Coacervates belongs to the category of.
(a) protozoans (b) cyanobacteria
(c) molecular aggregates (d) molecular aggregates surrounded by lipid membrane
13. Coacervates were experimentally produced by:
(a) Urey and Miller (b) Jacob and Monod • (c) Fischer and Huxley (d) Sidney Fox and Oparin
14. Stanley Miller conducted experiments in 1953 on prebiotic Earth environment using special apparatus. The
primary surprising products were:
(a)peptides (b) nucleotides (c) amino acids (d) simple sugars

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15. Life cannot originate from inorganic material at present because of:
(a) absence of raw material (b) very low atmospheric temperature
(c) high degree of environmental pollution (d) very high amount of oxygen in atmosphere
16. The basic components of atmosphere of primitive Earth were:
(a) ammonia, methane and water (b) methane, ozone, nitrogen and water
(c) hydrogen, nitrogen, methane and water (d) ammonia, methane, hydrogen and water
17. About how long ago was the Earth
(a) 3.0 billion years ago (b) 10 billion yews ago (c) 4.6 billion years ago (d) 20 billion yews ago
18. Abiogenesis means:
(a) spontaneous generation (b) origin of viruses and microbes
(c) origin of life from living organisms (d) origin of life from nonliving organism
19. Which of the following experiments suggests that simplest living organisms could not have originated
spontaneously from nonliving matter?
(a) Microbes did not appear in stored meat
(b) Larvae could appear in decaying organic matter
(c) Microbes appeared from unsterilized organic matter
20. The theory which explains the origin of life and is based upon experiments is:
(a) biogenesis (b) catastrophism (c) abiogenesis (d) chemical theory
21. Oparin's theory of'Origin of life'is based on:
(a) chemical evolution (b) cosmic evolution (c) artificial synthesis (d) organic evolution
22. Which was first photosynthetic organism?
(a) Red algae (b) Green algae (c) Cyanobacteria (d) Protobiota
23. Which one of the following is incorrect about the characteristic of protobionts (coacervates and microspheres) as
envisaged in abiogenic origin of life?
(a) They were able to reproduce (b) They could maintain an internal environment
(c) They were partially isolated from the surroundings
(d) They could separate combinations of molecules from the surroundings
24. Bacteria that live around deep-sea lot water meets obtain energy by oxidising inorganic hydrogen sulphide
belched out by the verts. They use this energy to build organic molecules from carbon obtained from the carbon
dioxide in the sea water. These bacteria night be deceived as-
(a) Photohetero trophs (b) Chenoauto trophs (c) Photoautotrophs (d) Chenohetero trophs
25. Organisms which obtain energy by the oxidation of reduced inorganic compounds are called:
(a) saprozoic (b) chemoautotrophs (c) photoautotrophs (d) coproheterotrophs
26. The presence of salts (NaCI and others) in the animal body fluids gives an inference that life originated in the:
(a) rain water (b) salt solutions (c) primitive ocean (d) none of these
27. Stanley Miller proposed origin of life by:
(a) biogenesis (b) abiogenesis (c) chemical synthesis (d) none of these
28. Life originated in the era:
(a) proterozoic (b) Mesozoic (c) precambrian ' (d)coenozoic

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29. Select the wrong pair:
(a) Oparin — Protobiont (b) Spallanzani — Abiogenesis
(c) Fox — Coacervates (d) Haldane — Hot dilute soup
30. The most primitive cell-like chemical aggregates capable of growth and division were -
(a)eobionts (b) prokaryotes (c) microspheres (d) chemoautotrophs
31. The basis of life is:
(a) lipid (b) protein (c) nucleic acid (d) nucleoprotein
32. Which of the following experiments suggests that simplest living organisms could not lave originated
spontaneously from non-living matter-
(a) Microbes did not appear in stored meat
(b) Larvae could appear is decaying organic matter
(c) Microbes appeared from unsterilised organic matter
(d) Meat was not spoilt, when heated and kept sealed in a ressel
33. Origin of life as a result of chemical evolution was properly explained by:
(a) Fax (b) Oparin (c) Watson (d) Haeckel
34. Which of the following evolved first?
(a) Coacervates (b)Viroids (c) Cyanobacteria (d) Mycoplasma
35. The oldest eukaryotic fossil is:
(a) 1.5 billion years old (b) 3.5 billion years old (c) 2.5 billion years old (d) 600 million years old
36. Which one of the following amino acids was not found to be synthesized in Miller's experiment?
(a)Alanine (b)Glycine (c) Aspartic acid (d)Glutamicacid
37. The primitive Earth conditions were experimentally shown by.
(a) Miller (b)Urey (c)Oparin (d) Both (a) and (b)
38. Egg laying mammals and marsupials are found in Austr a and nowhere else. This indicates:
(a) natural barrier (b)climatic barrier
(c) continuous distribution (d) discontinuous distribution
39. Which of the following are homologous organs?
(a) Wings insects and bats
(b) Fins of fishes and flippers of whale
(c) Fins of fishes and forearms of human
(d) Forearm of human, bat's wings and whale's flippers, fore limbs of horse
40. Peripatus in a connecting link between-
(a) annelids and helminthes (b) annelids and molluscs
(c) annelids and arthopods (d) reptiles and mammals
41. Which one of the following pairs has homologous organs?
(a) Air bladder offish and lungs of frog (b) Wings of a bat and wings of cockroach
(c) Wings of a bird and wings of a butterfly (d) Pectoral fins of a fish and forelimbs of a horse
42. The organs which look different but have the same basic structure and origin are known as:
(a) homologous (b) vestigial (c) heterologous (d) analogous

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43. Two zoogeographical regions separated by high mountain ranges are:
(a) Oriental and Austr an (b) Palaearctic and Oriental ,
(c) Nearctic and Palaearctic (d) Neotropical and Ethiopian
44. Evolutionary convergence is the development of:
(a) common set of characters in groups of different ancestry
(b) common set of characters in closely related groups
(c) dissimilar characters in closely related groups
(d) random mating
45. Peripatus is a;connecting link between:
(a) annelids and molluscs (b) reptiles and mammals
(c) annelids and arthropods (d) annelids and helminthes
46. Analogous structures are:.
(a) similar in origin and function (b) different in origin and function
(c) different in origin but similar in function (d) similar in origin but different in function
47. Which is incorrect?
(a) Wings of insects and bats are analogous (b) Wings of bats and birds are homologous
(c) Wings of insects and birds are analogous (d) Wings of insects and birds are homologous
48. Eyes of an Octopus and mammals appear quite similar, but these are different in their basic structure and origin,
heave they are:
(a) ancestral organs (b) analogous organs
(c) homologous organs (d) both homologous and analogous organs
49. Atavism in man means:
(a) appearance of new characters (b) evolution of existing characters
(c) appearance of ancestral characters (d) loss of some pre-existing characters
50. Which pair of organs are analogous in nature?
(a) Gill of fish and gill of prawn (b) Ear of frog and ear of rabbit
(c) Arm of man and limb of horse (d) Wing of bat and flipper of seal
51. The classical example of adaptive radiation in development of new species is:
(a) Darwin's finches (b) Marsupials of Austr a (c) Both of these (d) None of these
52. Evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called:
(a) ontogeny (b) taxonomy (c) systematics (d) phylogeny
53. Presence of gills in the tadpole of frog indicates that:
(a) frogs evolved from gilled ancestors (b) fishes were amphibious in the past
(c) fishes evolved from frog-like ancestors (d) frogs will have gills in future
54. The greatest evolutionary change enabling the land vertebrates to be completely free from water was the
development of-
(a) lungs (b) four legs
(c) four chambered heart (d) cleidoic eggs and internal fertilization
55. Jurassic period of the Mesozoic era in characterized by-
(a) Gymnosperms were dominant plants and first binds appeared
(b) Radiation of reptiles and origin of mammals like reptiles

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 (c) Binosaurs became extinct and orgiosperms appeared
(d) Flowering plants and first dinosaus appeared

56. Dinosaurs became extinct during:

(a) Jurassic , (b)triassic ' (c)-permian (d) cretaceous
57. Birbal Sahni was a:
(a) zoologist . (b) ornithologist
(c) palaeobotanist (d) founder of Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI)
58. Which of the following is not an atavistic character?
(a) Dense body hairs (b) Enlarged canines
(c) Presence of six fingers (d) Presence of tail in some babies
59. Which is a set of evidences of evolution?
(a) Homologous and analogous organs (b) Homologous and vestigial organs
(c) Analogous and vestigial organs (d) None of the above
60. Flippers of seal are modified:
(a) fins (b) gills (c) forelimbs (d) hindlimbs
61. Which of the following are not analogous organs?
(a) Stings of honeybee and scorpion (b) Fins of fishes and flippers of whales
(c) Wings of insect and wings of pterosaur (d) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita . ,,
62. Which group includes homologous organs?
(a) Wings of butterfly, flying fish and bird (b) Tentacles of Hydra and arms of starfish
(c) Fins of seal, wings of birds and forelimbs of man (d) Horns of cattle, tail of horse and teeth of mammals
63. Convergent evolution is shown by:
(a) rabbit and dog (b) starfish and jellyfish (c) fish and whale (d) bacteria and Amoeba
64. Which of the following are analogous organs?
(a) Wings of bird and bat (b) Wings of insect and bird
(c) Forelegs of horse and arms of man (d) Flippers of whale and forelimbs of man
65. Tasmanian wolf is a marsupial while wolf is a placenta! mammal. This shows:
(a) genetic drift (b) parallel evolution
(c) divergent evolution (d) inheritance of acquired characters
66. Which are of the following characters plorides a strong evidence in support of organic evolution-
(a) Gill clefts in rectebrate embryo (b) Wings in insects, binds and bats
(c) Jointed legs in arthropods and in mammals (d) Excratory orgam of carthovorms and frog
67. Which era could be called the "age of mammals and birds"?
(a) Palaeozoic (b)Mesozoic (c) Cretaceous (d)coenozoic
68. In which case is Darwin's theory wrong?
(a) Arrival of fittest (b)Survival of fittest (c) Origin of species (d) High efficiency of
reproduction
69. Sum of all the genes in a population is called:
(a) genome (b) gene pool (c)germplasm (d) gene bank

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70. Hugo deVries'theory of mutation:
(a) does not rule out natural selection theory (b) opposed natural selection theory
(c) contradicted Lamarck's theory (d) opposed germplasm theory

71. A mutation is most likely to have a selective advantage in evolution if:

(a) it affects dominant genes (b) it affects-recessive genes
(c) it affects whole chromosomes (d) the environment remains stable
72. The most accepted and recent theory of organic evolution is:
(a) Lamarckism (b) Darwinism (c) Theory of isolation (d) Synthetic theory
73. Some organisms escape detection from enemies by resembling other organisms.
(a) mimicry (b) homology (c) natural selection (d) artificial selection
74. Connecting link between ape and man is-
(a) Neanderthal man (b) Cro- magran man (c) Australophecus (d) Lemur
75. According to fossils, which have been discovered upto the present time,. origin and evolution of man fook place in-
(a) Java (b) Africa (c) France (d) China
76. The processes of ______ and ______ generate variation and _______ produces adaptation to the environment.
(a) sexual selection; natural selection; mutation (b) mutation; sexual recombination; genetic drift
(c) genetic drift; mutation; sexual recombination (d) mutation; sexual recombination; natural selection
77. Directional selection:
(a) works against adaptive traits (b) favours intermediate forms of a trait
(c) eliminates uncommon forms of alleles (d) shifts allele frequencies in a steady, consistent
direction
78. Adaptation of a species is its:
(a) acquired character (b) ecdysis (c) hereditary character (d) metamorphosis
79. The unit of natural selection is:
(a) family (b) species (c) individual (d) population
80. Select the correct statement(s).
A. The essence of Darwinian theory about evolution is natural selection.
B. The rate of appearance of new forms is not linked to the life cycle or the life span. , ,
C. Adaptative ability is not inherited
D. Mutation is random and directionless
(a)BandC (b)AandD (c) None (d)AII
81. Jurassic period of the mesozoic era is characterized by:
(a) gymnosperms are dominant plants and first birds appear
(b) radiation of reptiles and origin of mammal like reptiles
(c) dinosaurs become extinct and angiosperms appear
(d) flowering plants and first dinosaurs appear
82. Species is:
(a) population of one type
(b) a group of interbreeding populations
(c) a group of individuals inhabiting a geographical area
(d) populations of individual having same genotypes and phenotypes
83. Which one(s) is / are correct -

Biology 154
 (a) Directional selection favours one extreme form over the other extreme and over intermediate forms of a trait.
(b) Stabilizing selection favours intermediate forms of a trait
(c) Disruptive selection favours both extreme forms of a trait.
(d) All of the above

84. Which of the followings is / are incorrect about Neanderthal man?

A. had large brain around 900 c.c
B. lived in near east and central Asia between 100000 - 40000 years back
C. used hides to protect their body and buried their dead.
D. had no religious feeling
(a) All (b)None (c)AandD (d)BandC
85. The sequence of origin of life may be- • .V,M. ;'. • ^
(a) Inorganic materials -> organic materials .->. colloidal aggregate -» Eqbiont -> cell.
(b) Organic materials -> Inorganic materials -> colloidal aggregate; '^Eobiont -» cell
(c) Inorganic materials -» or0|nfc rtipterials;'-* Eobiont -» cell -» colloidal aggregate.
(d) Organic materials -» Inorganic materials ^K Eobiont ^ cell;-^ colloidal aggregate.
86. Match the Column I with Column II -Column I
Column I Column II
I. Human embryos have gill A. Chemical evolution
II. Oparin and Haldane B. Stimulation experiment
III. Miller and Urey C. Wings of bird and butterfly
IV. Analogous organs D. Outogeny repeats phytogeny

(a)l.-C, II.-D, III.-B, IV.-A (b)l.-B,ll.-A, III.-D, IV. –C

(c)l.-D, II.-A, III.-B, IV.-C (d)l.-D.II.-A, III.-C, IV.-B
87. Match the Column I with Column II-
Column I Column II
I. Darwin A. Inheritance of acquired character
II. DeVries B. Swan-Necked
III. Pasteur C. Natural Selection and origin of species
IV. Lamarck D. Mutational theory
(a)l.-C, II.-D, III.-B, IV.-A (b)l.-B,ll.-A, III.-D, IV. –C
(c)l.-D, II.-A, III.-B, IV.-C (d)l.-D.II.-A, III.-C, IV.-B
88. Given below are two statements each with one or more blanks. Select the option which correctly fills up the blanks
in the statements.
Statements:
In a mixed population, those that can better-adapt, ___(i) ___ and increase in JDOpuiation size. No variant
is ___(ii)___ wiped out. Similarly, excess use of herbicides, pesticides, etc., has only resulted in selection of
resistant varieties in a much (iii) time scale. This is also true for microbes against which
we employ antibiotics or drugs against eukaryotic organisms/cell. Hence, resistant organisms/cells are appearing
in a time scale of months or years and not centuries. These are examples of evolution bv (iv) action. This

Biology 155
 also tells us that evolution is not a (v) process in the sense of determinism. It is a (vi)___ process based on
chance events in nature and chance (vii) in the organisms.
(a) (I)-survive, (if)completely, (iii) lesser, (iv)anthropogenic, (v) direct, (vi)stochastic, (vii) mutation
(b) (i) - survive, (ii) completely, (iii) lesser, (iv) anthropogenic, (v) indirect, (vi) stochastic, (vii) mutation
(c) (i) - survive, (ii) completely, (iii) more, (iv) anthropogenic, (v) direct, (vi) stochastic, (vii) mutation
(d) (i) - survive, (ii) incompletely, (iii) lesser, (iv) anthropogenic, (v) direct, (vi) stochastic, (vii) mutation

89. Which is-the correct chronological sequence of human evolution -

(a) Dryopithecus -» Ramapithecus -» Australopithecus -» Homohabilis -» H. erectus -> Cro-magnonon -> H.
sapiens sapeins
(b) Ramapithecus -» Australopithecus -> Homohabilis -> H. erectus -> Cro-magnonon -» Dryopithecus -> H.
sapiens sapeins
(c) Dryopithecus -> Ramapithecus -» Homohabilis -» H. erectus -» Cro-magnonon -» Australopithecus -> H.
sapiens sapeins
(d) Dryopithecus ->• Ramapithecus -» H. sapiens sapeins -> Australopithecus -» Homohabilis —> H. erectus ->
Cro-magnonon
90. According to the Hardy-Weinberg's equation p* * q2 + 2pq should be equal to ______.
(a)1 (b)2 (c) 0 (d) 3
91. Which of the following statements is true about Charles Darwin?
(a) He believed that evolution was due to the inheritance of acquired characteristics.
(b) He supported Lamarck's explanation of how evolution occurred.
(c) He understood that the variation that exists in natural populations of plants or animals is the result of repeated
mutations.
(d) none of the above
92. What can you infer about these structures?

(a) they are homologous (b) they are vestigial structures

(c) they are analogous (d) they have nothing to do with each other
93. Which of these statements is true?

Biology 156
 (a) A higher percentage of light moths were recaptured in the city compared to dark moths recaptured in the city.
(b) A higher percentage of dark moths were recaptured in the country compared to dark moths recaptured in the city.
(c) A higher percentage of light and dark moths were recaptured in the country compared to-light and dark moths
recaptured in the city.
(d) A higher percentage of light moths were recaptured in the country compared to dark moths recaptured in the
country
94. The following are some major 3events in the early history of life-
P. first heterophic prokargyotes
Q. first genes
R. first eukaryotes
S. first autrophic prokaryotes
T. first animals
Which answer below places these events in the correct order ?
(a) PQSRT (b) QSPTR (c) QPSRT (d) QSPRT
95. The diagram below represents a section of undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock in New York State and shows
the location of fossils of several closely related species. According to currently accepted evolutionary theory,
which is the most probable assumption about species A, B, and C?

(a) Species B is more abundant than species C (b) Species C existed before species B
(c) Species A and B are genetically identical (d) Species B descended from species A.
96. The illustration below shows the skull of two different mammals. Use the illustration to answer the question that
follows

A B

Biology 157
 Which of the following accurately describes the differences between these skulls?
(a) Skull A has more teeth than skull B
(b) Skull A has more brain capacity than skull B
(c) Skull A is of a primate and skull B is not of a primate
(d) Skull A is the skull of an ape and skull B is the skull of human

97. The diagram shows 3 summary of Darwin's theory of natural selection.

Which statements should be placed in boxes 1, 2 and 3?

98. Three forms of the peppered moth, Bistan betularia, namely the melanic form, the pale form, and a form
intermediate between these two, are found in Britain today.
The melanic form was first observed in 1848 and its frequency subsequently inqreased. This is thought to be the
result of
(a) adaptive radiation. (b) convergent evolution. (c) divergent evolution. (d) natural selection.
99. Which of the following are the examples of adaptive radiation?
A, Wombat, marsupial rat, Flying phalanges
B.'Darwin's finches
C. Different placenta! mammals in Austr a
D. Placental wolf and Tasmanian wolf
(a)Aonly (b)A&Bonly (c)A,B&Conly (d)A.,B,C&D
(d) increased tolerance of lichens to heavy metals on tree bark around mine workings ••>
100. An example of process of evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a common po;int
and radiating to other areas of geography can be
(a) Origin of Numbat, Phascolarctos, Flying phalanges, Tasmanian wolf, Spotted cuscusfrom a primitive
m.etatherian
(b) Origin of Eohippus, Mesohippus, Parahippus and Pliohippus
(c) Origin of Homo erectus, Homo neander thalensis, Homo sapiens fossils, Homo sapiens sapiens
(d) Origm of Biston betularia from Biston carbonaria

Biology 158
101. An inter-breeding population of finches became separated geographically, forming two isolated groups. Each
group then became subject to different selective pressures. One group was then introduced into the habitat of the
other.
Which one of the following would determine whether they now formed two distinct species?
(a) They had been separated for more than three million years.
(b) They failed to produce fertile F1 hybrids.
(c) They showed marked differences in the shape of their beaks.
(d) Their plumage had become markedly different.

102. What is true regarding industri zation in England

(a) The white-winged moths were completely wiped out after industri zation
(b) Since lichens did not grow in polluted area, the number of melanized moths got reduced
(c) After industri zation the white-winged moths did not survivedue to predators
(d) All of these
103. A potential danger to a population that has been greatly reduced in number is the-
(a) loss of genetic variability (b) tendency toward assertive mating
(c) reduced gene flow (d) Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium
104. Which of the foHowing ways is most likely to decrease the genetic diversity in a population?
(a) Gene mutation (b)"©eneticfeeombination
(c) Stabilizing natural selection (d) Immigration of individuals
105. Mark the incorrect statement
(a) The fitness of the individuals, according to Charles Barwin, means reproxdyct«fe fitness
(b) Homology in> vertebrates'; brain indicates their common -ancestry
(c) The idea of survival of fittest of Alfred R Wallace was based an his studies
(d) All of these
106. Ancient mammals enjoyed a release from competition when the dinosaurs became extinct. Should humans work
to ensure that such releases from competition continue to occur for us or for other species?
(a) No, because it is impossible to predict which species will become dominant if other species become extinct
(b) No, because the species that become dominant will cause the extinction of humans
(c) Yes, because the organisms that are released from competition will always form more new species than the
number that went extinct
(d) Yes, because new species that evolve are always better organisms that those that went extinct
107. The two key concepts of Darwinian theory of evolution are
(a) Use and disuse, and inheritance of acquired characters
(b) Branching descent and natural selection
(c) Branching descent and mutation
(d) Reproductive isolation and mutation
108. Austr a has unusual organisms because their evolution for the past 38 million years has been
(a) Rapid (b)Slow (c) Isolated from other organisms (d) Punctuated
109. Which of the following statements are true for genetic drift?
I. It upsets the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium II. It operates only in small population

Biology 159
 III. It is responsible for preserving certain genes IV. It is responsible for eliminating certain genes
(a) I, II, III (b) II, III, IV (c) I, II, IV (d) I, II, III, IV
110. The classification of bacterial species does not fit the usual definition of species. This is because bacteria
(a) Cannot exchange genetic material (b)Areeukaryotic
(c) Have a high rate of gene flow (d) Reproduce asexually
111. Darwin believed that a giraffe has a long neck because
(a) a creator designed it that way
(b) catastyrophes eliminated short-necked forms
(c) its ancestors stretched their necks to get food ,^
(d) ancestral giraffes with slightly longer necks than other got more food and left more surviving offspring
112. Read the following three statements (A to C) and mark the most appropriate option
A. The fitness in the 'survival of the fittest1 is based upon the characteristics that are inherited
B. Darwin's variations were small and directional
C. The fitness is the end result of ability to adapt
(a) Only A and B correct (b) Only B and C correct (c) Only A and C correct (d) All A, B and C correct
113. Which statement about the rates of evolution for different species is in agreement with the theory of evolution?
(a) They are identical, since the species live on the same planet.
(b) They are identical, since each species is at risk of becoming extinct.
(c) They are different, since each species has different adaptations that function within a changing environment.
(d) They are different, since each species has access to unlimited resources within its environment.
114. The extinct human who lived 1,00,000 to 40,000 years ago, in Europe, Asia and parts of Africa, With short stature,
heavy eyebrows, retreating fore haeds, large jaws with heavy teeth, stocky bodies, a lumbering gait and stooped
posture was .
(a) Hamo habilis (b) Neanderthal human (c) Cro-magnan humans (d) Ramapithecus
115. The following list includes three Austr an marsupial mammals and three placental mammals which occupy similar
ecological niches in other continents of the world.
1. great red kangaroo 2. flying squirrel 3. sloth 4. phalanger
5. koala bear 6. deer
Which of the following cdrrectly pairs each marsupial with the equivalent placental?
(a)1 &6, 4&3, 5&2 (b) 1 & 3, 4 & 2, 5 &6 (c) 1 & 2, 4 & 3, 5 &6 (d) 1 &6, 4 & 2, 5 & 3
116. An Austr an mole is actually a marsupial rather than a placenta! mammal like the North American or European
mole. The two animals are similar in appearance because
(a) There are practically no placenta! mammals in Austr a
(b) The selection pressures on both were similar
(c) They have undergone a long period, of coevolution
(d) Marsupials and placental mammals are closely related
117. The biologist who has been called the "Darwin of the 20th century", was
(a) Linnaeus (b) Ernst Mayr (c)Diener (d) Whittaker.
118. The tendency of population to remain in genetic equilibrium may be disturbed by-
(a) Lack of migration (b) Lack of mutations (c) Lack of random mating (d) Random mating

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119. Which statement best illustrates a rapid biological adaptation that has actually occurred?
(a) Pesticide-resistant insects have developed in certain environments.
(b) Scientific evidence indicates that dinosaurs once lived on land.
(c) Paving large areas of land has decreased habitats for certain organisms.
(d) The characteristics of sharks have remainedunchanged over a long period of time.
120. Variation in gene frequencies within populations can occur by chance rather than by natural selection. This is
referred to as
(a) Genetic drift (b) Random mating (c) Genetic load (d) Genetic flow
121. Many animals exist today in a form that is almost identical to the form they had a million years ago. What is the
most probable explanation for this lack of evolutionary change?
(a) Genetic mutations have occurred among'J;;^e animals.
(b) The environment of these animals remained about the same.
(c) These animals reproduce by sexual reproduction.
(d) Complex organisms evolved into simpler ones.
122. The process by which organisms with different evolutionary history evolve similar phenotypic adaptations in
response to a common environmental challenge, is called-
(a) Convergent evolution (b) Non-random evolution
(c) Adaptive radiation (d) Natural selection 115. Which statement is best
supported by fossil records?
(a) Many organisms that lived in the past are now extinct.
(b) Species occupying the same habitat have identical environmental needs.
(c) The struggle for existence between organisms results in changes in populations.
(d) Structures such as leg bones and wing bones can originate from the same type of tissue found in embryos.
123. Which statement is best supported by fossil records?
(a) Many organisms that lived in the past are now extinct.
(b) Species occupying the same habitat have identical environmental needs.
(c) The struggle for existence between organisms results in changes in populations.
(d) Structures such as leg bones and wing bones can originate from the same type of tissue found in embryos.
124. Scientists believe that over millions of years, Austr an mammals have become very different from other mammals
as a direct result of
(a) Evolving pouches in which to rear their young
(b) Following their own course of evolution in isolation
(c) Developing reproductive systems homologous to placental
(d) Evolving in climatically unique ecosystems
125. Biogenetic law as given by Haeckel states that
(a) ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny (b) phylogeny recapitulates ontogeny
(c) ontogeny and phylogeny go together (d) there is no relationship between phylogeny and
ontogeny.
126. Which one of the following options gives one correct example each of convergent evolution and divergent
evolution?
Convergent evolution Divergent evolution
(a) Eyes of octopus and mammals Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates
(b) Thorns of Bougainvillia and tendrils of Cucurbita Wings of butterflies and birds

Biology 161
 (c) Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates Wings of butterfly and birds
(d) Thorns of Bougainvillia and tendrils of Cucurbita Eyes of Octopus and mammals
127. The eye of octopus and eye of cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar function. This is an
example of-
(a) Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
(b) Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
(c) Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
(d) Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
128. You are shown a skull from one of the Australopithecus species. How can you tell that is not from a modern
human?
(a) Age (b) Shape and Size (c) Type of teeth (d) All of the above

129. Early mammals were

(a) Small (b) Large (c) Monkeys (d) Human
130. The origin of mammal like reptiles occurred in
(a) Triassic period (b) Permian period (c) Jurassic period (d) tertiary period.
131. Which situation would most likely result in the highest rate of natural selection?
(a) reproduction of organisms by an asexual method in an unchanging environment
(b) reproduction of a species having a very low mutation rate in a changing environment
(c) reproduction^ organisms in an unchanging environment with Ifttle competition and few predators
(d) reproduction of organisms exhibiting genetic differences due to mutations and genetic recombinations in a
changing environment
132. Differences between the members of a population will most likely be passed to future generations if they are
(a) due to genetic changes and result in unfavorable variations
(b) due to genetic changes and result in favorable variations
(c) not due to genetic changes and result in unfavorable variations
(d) not due to genetic changes and result in favorable variations
133. Your measurements indicate that a fossilized skull you unearthed has a 14C-to-12C ratio about one-sixteenth that
of the atmosphere. What is the approximate age of the skull?
(a) 22,400 years (b) 11,200 years (c) 5600 years (d) 200, 000 years
134. A large population of cockroaches was sprayed with a newly developed, fast-acting insecticide. The appearance
of some cockroaches that are resistant to this insecticide supports the concept that
(a) species traits tend to remain constant
(b) insecticides cause mutations
(c) the environment does not change
(d) variation exists within a species
135. Which word does not describe humans?
(a) Ape (b) Mammals (c) Amphibian (d) Primate
136. If the Neanderthals are not the direct ancestors of humans, is it still possible for humans and Neanderthals to be
related?

Biology 162
 (a) Yes, because we share a common ancestor
(b) Yes, but only if humans and Neanderthals could have interbred
(c) No, because the human evolutionary tree is strictly linear and without branches
(d) No, because this means that Neanderthals evolved from an entirely different branch of organisms than
humans did
137. The first vertebrates to colonizejand were .
(a) Birds (b) Mammals x ^ (c)Amphibians (d) Reptiles
138. Mark the correct statement
(a) Ho/r?o erectus lived in east and central Asia and used hides to protect their bodies
(b) Agriculture came around 18000 years back
(c) The skull of modern human resembles more closely to baby chimpanzee than to adult chimpanzee
(d) All of these

139. Which of the following factor does not affect Hardy-Weinberg's equilibrium
(a) Gene migration (b) Natural selection
(c) Genetic drift (d) Replication of genetic material
140. Which of the following statements would Darwin most likely disagree?
(a) Individuals within a population vary in the characteristics they possess
(b) Evolution is best viewed as a purposeful and directed change over time
(c) Natural selection is the mechanism by which biological evolution takes place
(d) The fossil record supports the view that biological evolution has occurred
141. According to Darwin, two different areas within a continent have different species because they have different
(a) evolutionary mechanisms (b) ancestors
(c) environments (d) evolutionary times
142. The most apparent change during the evolutionary history of Homo sapiens is traced in
(a) Loss of body hair (b) Walking upright
(c) Shortening of the jaws (d) Remarkable increase in the brain size
143. Being the hominid, the first human like creature was called
(a) Australopithecus (b) Homo habilis (c) Homo erectus (d) Neanderthal man
144. Genetic drift occurs when a few individuals of a species colonize an island. This particular phenomenon is known as-
(a) The bottleneck effect (b) The founder effect (c) Assortative mating (d) Random mating
145. Mendel described the frequency of ……….I…….for the offspring of a single …..II…..; Hardy and Weinberg de
scribed the frequency of ____j]JL___ for an entire ____!\/___.
(a) I-phenotypes; II-mated pair; III-alleles; IV-population
(b) I-genotypes; II-mated pair; III-alleles; IV-population
(c) I - genomes; II - mated pair; III - aileles; IV - community
(d) I - phenocopies; II - mated pair; III - alleles; IV - genocopies
146. The peppered moth Biston betularia with dull gray or white colour was abundant in England before industrial
revolution. During post industri zation period, the tree trunks became dark due to smoke and soot and the black
coloured variants of the moth became more abundant. The black color of the moths was due to

Biology 163
 (a) Deposition of soot on the tree trunks
(b) Recessive mutation
(c) Dominant mutation
(d) Deposition of soot on the white wings of moths which changed into dark winged, melanized forms
147. Which of the following is correct ?
(a) The skull of adult chimpanzee is more like adult human skull than baby chimpanzee skull
(b) The skull of baby chimpanzee is more like adult human skull than adult chimpanzee skull
(c) The Alfred Wallace, a naturalist worked in Malay Archepelago come to same conclusions as Darwinism.
(d) Both b and c
149. Presence of gills in the tadpole of frog indicates that-
(a) Fishes were amphibious in the past (b) Fishes evolved from frog like ancestors
(c) Frogs will have gills in future (d) Frogs evolved from gilled ancestors

149. A baby has been born with a small tail. It in the case exhibiting-
(a) Metamorphoses (b) atorism (c) Mutation (d) None of these

150. The diagram below shows undisturbed sedimentary strata at the bottom of an ocean. The fossils found in layer B
resemble the fossils found in layer A. This similarity suggests that-

(a) the fossils in layer B were formed before the fossils in layer A
(b) modern forms of life may have evolved from earlier forms of life
(c) vertebrate fossils are only found in sediments
(d) the fossils in layer A must be more complex than those in layer B
151. The sequence of events in geographic speciation is most likely to be -
(a) Genetic divergence -» geographic barrier -» reproductive isolation
(b) Geographic barrier -» genetic divergence -> reproductive isolation
(c) Reproductive isolation -> genetic divergence -> geographic barrier
(d) Geographic barrier -> reproductive isolation -» genetic divergence
152. Flowers of certain orchids resemble females of certain insects in shape. Mole insects take these flowers as
females and try to copulate, but intead these only pollinate the flowers. This process is called-
(a) mimicry (b) Pseudocerpulation (c) Pseudopollination (d) Pseudopartherocarpy
153. Charles Darwin concluded that the 13 species of finches on the Galapagos Islands:
(a) were identical to 13 finch species in northwestern South America 600 miles to the east
(b) probably evolved from one ancestral South American species
(c) had all adapted to the same food sources
(d)BandC . ' '

Biology 164
154. Which is the correct option of evolutionary history from reptiles to Dinosaurs -
(a) Early reptiles -4 Pelycosaurs -> Synapsides -> Thecodonts -» Therapsids -> Dinosaurs
(b) Early reptiles —» Synapsides —» Pelycosaurs -> Thecodonts -» Therapsids -> Dinosaurs
(c) Early reptiles -> Synapsides -> Pelycosaurs -> Therapsids -> Thecodonts —> Dinosaurs
(d) Early reptiles —» Synapsides -> Thecodonts -> Pelycosaurs -> Therapsids —» Dinosaurs
155. Homoerectus-
A. had a large brain around 900 c.c. B. probably ate meat.
C. appeared about 1.5 mya year ago D. evolved from H. habilis.
(a) A and B (b)BandC (c)None (d)AII
156. A. Amphibians evolved into reptiles.
B. Fish with stout and strong fins could move on land and go back to water. This was about 350 mya.
C. Giant ferns were present but they all fell to form coal deposits slowly
C. About 65 mya (in cretaceous period) the dinosaurs suddenly disappeared from the earth.
D. Archeopteryx is the connecting link between birds and reptiles.
(a) All are correct (b) All are incorrect (c) C and D are correct (d) A and B are correct.

157. Select the correct statement(s).

A. Microbial experiment show the pre-existing advantageous mutations when selected will result in the
observation of new phenotypes. Over few generation this would result in speciation.
B. Neanderthal fossils represent a human relative.
C. In 1938, a fish caught in South Africa happened to be a coelacanth (lobe fins) which was thought to be extinct.
These animals evolved into the first amphibian living on both land and water.
D. Lichens can be used as water pollution indicators.
E. Alfred Wallace, a natur st, who worked in Malay Archepelago (present Indonesia) has also come to similar
conclusion on natural selection as reached by Darwinism.
(a) A and B only (b)A, B, C and E (c) U and D only (d) D and E only
158. Which of the following are necessary for evolution by natural selection to take place?
I. Offspring resemble their parents more than other individuals in the population
II. Differences among individuals exist and lead to different numbers of successful offspring being produced
III. Individuals adjust their development depending on the environment
IV. Every individual has a desire to have many offspring
V. Populations tend to grow faster than their food supplies
(a)landll (b)landV (c)II, III and IV (d)lllandV
159. Existence of coal /petroleum can be known from the study of -
(a) Ecology (b) Economic Botany (c) Palaeobotany (d) Bacteriology
160. Select the correct statement(s).
(a) Single-celled organisms evolved slowly into multicellular organisms
(b) Invertebrate around 500 million years ago
(c) Jawless fish must have evolved around 350 million years ago.
(d) All of the above
Biology 165
161. Which one(s) is / are correct?
(a) Most fossils are found in sedimentary rocks
(b) According to Lamarck, a giraffe has a long back because its ancestors stretched their needs to good food.
(c) The unit of evolution is population
(d) All of the above
162. Arrange the periods of palaeozoic era in ascending order in a geological time scale:
(a) Cambrian —> Ordovician —> Silurian —> Devonian —> Carboniferous —> Permian
(b) Cambrian —*> Devonian —> Ordovician —> Silurian —> Carboniferous —*- Permian
(c) Cambrian —> Ordovician —*> Devonian —> Silurian —> Carboniferous —> Permian
(d) Silurian —> Devonian —^ Cambrian —*• Ordovician —> Permian —^ Carboniferous
163. A. Fossils are remained of hard parts of life forms in Rock.
B. A study of fossils in different sedimentary layers indicates the geological period in which they live.
C. Radio isotopes are often used to determine the age of the fossils
D. Study of fossils is called palaentology
(a) All are correct (b) All are incorrect (c) A, C & D are correct (d) B & D are correct
164. Geographic and reproductive isolations are most closely associated with:
(a) speciation (b) extinction (c) succession (d) competition
165. Natural Selection -
A. Tends to increase the characters that enhance survival and reproduction
B. Causes adaptation
C. Acts on an organisms phenotype.
D. Was considered as mechanism of evolution by Darwin.
(a) All are correct (b) Only A and B are correct (c) Only C and D are correct (d) None is correct
166. Presence of recessive trait is 16%. The frequency of dominant allele in population is:
(a) 0.6 (b)032 (c)0.84 (d)0.92
167. Cause of mimicry is:
(a) attack (offence) (b) protection (defence) (c) Both (d) None
168. Disruptive selection:
(a) eliminates uncommon forms of alleles
(b) does not favour intermediate forms of a trait
(c) shifts allele frequencies in a steady, consistent direction
(d) all of the above
169. Adaptations:
(a) are not common
(b) result from genetic drift
(c) result from natural selection
(d) are features of the organism that hinder its performance in its environment
170. Natural selection is sometimes described as "survival of the fittest". Which of the following mostaee^ iy rneasur^s
an organism's fitness?
(a) Its mutation rate (b) How many fertile offspring it produces

Biology 166
 (c) How much food it is able to make or obtain (d) Its ability to withstand environmental extremes
171. The origin of species from pre-existing species is:
(a) mutation (b) isolation (c) polyploidy (d) speciation
172. Birds with average-sized wings survived in a severe storm more successfully than with longer or shorter wings. It
illustrates:
(a) stabilizing selection (b) gene flow (c) diversifying selection (d) founder effect
173. Which of the following must take place for speciation to occur?
(a) Hybridization (b) Geographic isolation (c) Polyploidy (d) Reproductive isolation
174. Industrial melanism is related to -
(a) Skin darkening due to smoke (b) Drug resistance
(c) Defence against UV radiations (d) Protective resemblance to surroundings
175. In a population of frogs which would be considered the fittest?
(a) The biggest frog (b) The strongest which can eat maximum
(c) The frog that leaves the most descendants (d) The frog having largest number of mutations
176. Genetic drift / Sewell wright effect is a _______ process.
(a) random (b) directed (c) revolutionary (d) uniformitarian
177. In a population where competition between individuals in severe then the distribution is said to be -
(a) uniform (b) random (c) irregular (d) non-random
178. The change of lighter coloured variety of peppered moth, Biston betularia, to its darker variety (carbonaria) is due
to:
(a) deletion of a segment of genes due to industrial pollution
(b) mutation of single Mendelian gene for survival in smoke laden industrial environment
(c) industrial carbon deposited on the wings of the moth resulting in darker variety
(d) translocation of a block of genes in chromosomes in response to heavy carbons
179. The phenomenon of "Industrial melanism" demonstrates:
(a) natural selection (b)induced mutation (c) reproductive isolation (d) geographical isolation
180. Which is basis of evolution?
(a) Cell (b) Species (c) Individual (d) Population
181. The organisms separated by geographical barriers are termed:
(a) allopatric (b) sibling (c)neopatric (d)sympatric
182. In natural selection:
(a) new mutations are generated over time
(b) the genetic composition of the population changes at random overtime
(c) all individuals in a population are equally likely to contribute offspring to the next generation
(d) individuals that possess particular heritable characteristics survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other
individuals
183. Using imprints from a plate with complete medium and carrying bacterial colonies, you can select streptomycin
resistant mutants and prove that such mutations do not originate as adaptation, these imprints heed to be used:
(a) on plates with minimal medium (b) only on plates with streptomycin
(c) only on plates without streptomycin (d) on plates with and without streptomycin

Biology 167
184. Match following evolution concepts in List-l with List-ll and select the correctanswer using the codes given below
the lists:
List I List II
A. Mutation I changes in population's allele frequencies due to chance alone
B. Gene flow 2 differences in survival and reproduction among variant individuals
C. Natural selection 3 immigration, emigration change allele frequencies
D. Genetic drift 4 Source of new alleles
(a)A=1, B="2, C = 3, D = 4 (b) A = 4, B = 2, C = 3, D = 1
(c) A = 5, B = 1, C = 4, D = 2 (d) A = 4, B = 3, C = 2, D = 1
185. Discovery of which of the following in 1980 predicted the existence of RNA world during early stage in evolution?
(a) RNA is not found in all cells (b) RNA has enzymatic properties
(c) In some viruses RNA is genetic material (d) m-RNA, t-RNA and r-RNA synthesize proteins
186. Which one of the following phenomena supports Darwin's concept of natural selection in organic evolution?
(a) Development of transgenic animals
(b) Prevalence of pesticide resistant insects '
(c) Production of'Dolly'the sheep by cloning
(d) Development of organs from'stem cells'for organ transplantation
187. Theory of pangenesis'was proposed by:
(a)DarwJn' (b)Hugode Vries (c) Lamarck (d)Weismann
188. Each of usi is part of the ongoing evolution of the species. Which of the following occurrences would have the
greatest impact on the future biological evolution of the human population?
(a) A mutation occurs in one of your sperm or egg cells
(b) You do exercise every day so that you stay physically fit and healthy
(c) You move to Kerala, the state of highest medical facilities and literacy
(d) You encourage your children to develop their intellectual abilities
189. Hugo de Vries pioneered the theory of mutations to explain the mechanism of evolution material on which he had
experimented was:
(a)Fruitfly (b) China rose (c) Garden pea (d) Evening primrose
190. Sumof all the genes in a population is called:
(a) genome (b) gene pool (c) germaplasm (d) gene bank
191. In Lederberg's replica experiment what shall be used to obtain streptomycin resistant strain?
(a) Only minimal medium (b) Only complete medium
(c) Minimal medium and streptomycin (d) Comptete medium and streptomycin
192. Modern theory of organic evolution is based on:
(a) mutation (b) population (c) isolation (d) all of these
193. Who wrote the book The Origin of Species'?
(a) Mendel (b) Wallace (c) Lamarck (d) Darwin
194. Darwin travelled in which ship?
(a) H.N.S. Eagle (b) Titanic (c) H. M. S. Beagle (d) D. Matrica
195. Which one provides correct sequence of events in origin of species according to Darwinism?

Biology 168
 1. Natural selection 2. Variations and their inheritance
3. Survival of fittest 4. Struggle for existence
(a)1,2,3,4 (b)2, 4, 3, 1 (c) 4, 2, 3, 1 (d) 2, 3,1,4
196. The book "Philosophic Zoologique" was written by:
(a) Hugo de Vries (b)Lamarck (c)Mendel
197. The theory of natural selection of Darwin:
(a) does not explain fossils (b) is completely changed
(c) has the first theory of organic evolution (d) has been failed in explaining origin of variations
198. Survival of fittest is possible due to:
(a) overproduction (b) favourable variations
(c) environmental changes (d) inheritance of acquired characters
199. According to Lamarckism, long necked giraffes evolved because:
(a) nature selected only long necked ones
(b) humans preferred only long necked ones
(c) short necks suddenly changed into long necks
(d) of stretching of necks over many generations by short necked ones
200. The book The Origin of Species'was published in:
(a) 1809 (b)1859 (c)1858 (d)1956
201. Which of the following evidences does not favour the Lamarckian concept of inheritance of acquired characters?
(a) Absence of limbs in snakes (b) Melanization in peppered moth
(c) Presence of webbed toes in aquatic birds (d) Lack of pigment in cave-dwelling animals
202. Some bacteria are able to grow in streptomycin containing -medium due to:
(a) genetic drift (b) natural selection (c) induced mutation (d) reproductive isolation
203. Hugo de Vries gave his mutation theory on organic evolution while working on:
(a) Althea rosea (b) Pisum sativum (c) Oenothera lamarckiana (d) Drosophila
melanogaster
204. Which of the following could not be explained by the 'Darwin's Natural Selection Theory1?
(a) Giraffe has long neck and long legs
(b) Retention of characters of no use or vestigial organ
(c) In a forest, numerous young trees grow below the parent trees but many of them perish
(d) Presence of Tasmanian wolf only in Tasmania having become extinct from the Austr an mainland
205. Prodig ty of reproduction in Darwinism refers to:
(a) successful organisms produce numerous offspring (b) every organism produces numerous offspring
(c) only a few individuals are able to reproduce (d) only a few individuals are able to survive
206. Weismann cut off tails of mice generation after generation but tails neither disappeared nor shortened showing
that:
(a) Darwin was correct
(b) Mutation theory is wrong
(c) Tail is an essential organ
(d) Lamarckism was wrong in inheritance of acquired characters

Biology 169
207. The pioneers in the field of'organic evolution'are
(a) Darwin, Hugo de Vries, Lamarck, Huxley (b) Darwin, Lamarck, Karl Landsteiner, Hugo de Vries
(c) Lamarck, Karl Landsteiner, Malthus, Hugo de Vries (d) Karl Landsteiner, Hugo de Vries, Darwin
208. Which era could be called the "age of mammals and birds" ?
(a) Palaeozoic (b) Mesozoic (c) Cretaceous (d) coenozoic
209. The first mammal appeared in:
(a) Jurassic period (b)triassic period (c) permian period (d) cretaceous period
210. The concept that 'population tends to increase geometrically white food supply increases arithmetically' was put
forward by:
(a) Stuart Mill (b)AdamSmith (c) T. R. Malthus (d) Charles Darwin
211. Which of the following is not a part of Darwin's theory of evolution? >
(a) Genetic drift (b) Natural selection (c) Survival of the fittest (d) Struggle for existence
212. Theory of Continuity of Germplasm" was propounded by:
(a) Darwin (b) Lamarck (c) Gregor Mendel . (d) August Weismann
213. The theory of use and disuse of organs was given by:
(a) Lamarck .(b) Darwin (c) Weismann ' (d) HugodeVries
214. Darwin proposed that new species evolve from ancestral forms by the:
(a) accumulation of mutations
(b) struggle for limited resources .
(c) inheritance of acquired adaptation to the environment
(d) gradual accumulation of adaptations to changing environment
215. The idea of "Survival of Fittest" was originally introduced by:
(a) Malthus (b) Lyell (c) Spencer (d) Darwin
216. The first attempt to solve the problem of mechanism of organic evolution was made by-
(a)Oparin (b) Darwin (c) Wallace
217. In which of the following periods dinosaurs were maximum developed?
(a)mesQzoic (b)coenozoic (c) palaeozoic ' " (d) proterozoic
218. Mesozoic era is the age of-
(a) birds (b) fishes (c) reptiles (d) mammals
219. Birbal Sahni was a:
(a) zoologist (b) ornithologist
(c) palaeobotanist (d) founder of Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI)
220. Correct order is:
(a) Palaeozoic —> Mesozoic —> Coenozoic (b) Mesozoic —> Archaeozoic —> Proterozoic
{c} Palaeozoic —> Archaeozoic —^ Coenozoic (d) Archaeozoic —^ Palaeozoic —•> Proterozoic
221. Age of fossils in the past was generally determined by radio-carbon method and other methods involving
radioactive elements found in the rocks. More precise methods, which were used recently and led to the revision
of the evolutionary periods for different groups of organisms includes:
(a) study of the conditions of fossilization (b) study of carbohydrates/proteins in rocks
(c). study of carbohydrates/proteins in fossils (d) electron-spin resonance (ESR) and fossil DNA
222. The most direct evidence of organic evolution is:
(a) fossils (b) embryos (c) morphology (d) vestigial organs

Biology 170
223. Fossils are studied for:
(a) tracing evolutionary history of organisms (b) studying extinct organisms
(c) providing jobs to scientist (d) both (a) and (b)
224. Fossil X is older than fossil Y because: ', •
(a) fossil Y was found in deeper sedimentation (b) fossil X was found in deeper sedimentation
(c) fossil Y has some vestigial organs functional in X (d) fossil Y has homologous and analogous organs pi X
225. Which of the following statement is false?
I. The rules of embryonic development were given by VonBaer.
II. Recapitulation theory was proposed by Haeckel.
III. Haeckel's theory of recapitulation states that ontogeny repeats phylogeny.
IV. Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny" is the brief definition of Biogenetic law.
(a) I and II (b) III and IV (c)AII (d)None
226. Carbon dating is best suited for determining the age of fossils if their age in years is of the order of-
(a)103 (b)104 (c)105 (d)106
227. All organisms share the same genetic code. This supports that:
(a) evolution occurs gradually (b) evolution is occurring now
(c) life began a long time ago (d) all organisms are descended from a common
ancestor
228. A baby has been born with a small tail. It is case exhibiting:
(a) atavism (b) mutation (c) metamorphosis . (d) retrogressive evolution
229. As evident from fossil records which era had no life?
(a) Azoic (b) Palaeozoic :. (c) Coenozoic (d) Proterozoic
230. Appearance of profuse hairs on the body and face of iris dogman is an example of
(a) atavism (b) mutation
(c) recapitulation theory (d) retrogressive metamorphosis
231. What conclusion is drawn about stratification of a fossil?
(a) Upper strata are recent and lower are older (b) Reverse of (a)
(c) No stratification takes place : (d) None of the above
232. The type of fossil where hard parts like bones, teeth or trunk of trees are preserved:
(a) mould (b) petrifaction (c) compression (d) pseudofossil

233. Fossil remains of Archaeopteryx indicates that:

(a) it was a flying reptile from Permian period (b) it was a flying reptile from Triassic period
(c) reptiles gave rise to birds during Jurassic period (d) reptiles gave rise to birds during Permian period
234. Examples of vestigial organs in the human body are: -
(a) wisdom tooth, coccyx, vermiform appendix, nail
(b) coccyx, wisdom tooth, vermiform appendix, auricular muscles
(c) coccyx, vermiform appendix, wisdom tooth, pancreas
(d) auricular muscles, coccyx, nail, wisdom tooth
235. The evidence for the origin of birds from reptiles is the presence in them of:

Biology 171
 (a) hairs (b) claws (c) scales (d) feathers
236. Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of Cucurbita are examples of:
(a) vestigial organs (b) analogous organs (c) homologous organs (d) retrogressive evolution
237. Which of the following pairs is correct? ,
(a) Bats wing and insect wing are analogous
(b) Seal flippers and bats paw are homologous
(c) Insect wing and bird wing are homologous
(d) Thorn of Bougainvillea and tendril of pea are analqgous
238. Although all mammals whale, dolphin, bat, monkey and horse have some important common characters, but they
also show conspicuous differences. This !s due to the phenomenon of.
(a) divergence (b) genetic drift (c) convergence (d) normazation
239. Which of the following are homologous organs?
(a) Hand of man, wings of bat (b) Eyes of man, eyes of squid
(c) Gills offish, lungs of man (d) Leaf of moss, frond of fern
240. Homology does not refer to:
(a) divergent evolution (b) common descent (c) convergent evolution (d) adaptive radiation
241. Hand of man, wing of bat and flipper of sea, represent:
(a) vestigial organs (b) analogous organs (c) evolutionary organs
242. The organs of different species that are related to each other through common descent though becomes
functionally different are called:
(a) vestigial (b) analogous (c) homologous. (d) none of these
243. Parallelism is adaptive:
(a) divergence (b) convergence of closely related groups
(c) divergence of widely separated species (d) convergence of widely different species
244. Darwin saw that populations of Galapagos finches:
(a) are adapted to different Island habitats (b) resemble birds in South America
(c) show variation in traits (d) all of the above
245. What is evolution?
(a) Development of a cell from chemicals (b) Development of organism through time
(c) Development of DNA from nucleotides (d) None of the above
246. Diversity of living organisms is due to:
(a) mutation (b) gradual changes
(c) long term evolutionary change (d) short term evolutionary change
247. Organic evolution means:
(a) history of race (b) development of race - ,
(c) progressive development of race (d) history and development of race with variations
248. Darwin's finches provide an excellent evidence in favour of evolution, this evidence comes from the field of.
(a) anatomy (b) biogeography (c) embryology (d) palaeontology
249. Fossil evidence of evolution is called:
(a) anatomy (b) embryology (c) palaeontology (d) biogeography

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250. Natural selection theory was proposed by Darwin along with:
(a) Wallace (b) Mendel (c) Morgan (d) Lamarck
251. The concept of "biological species" was proposed by:
(a) Darwin (b) Mayr (c) von Baer (d) Linnaeus
252. Evolution-
A. Is descent with modification.
B. Is gradual for Darwin
C. Is a change, in the frequency of an allele within a population, caused by differential reproduction in response to
local environmental conditions.
D. Is irreversible
(a) A and B are correct (b) C and D are correct (c) All are correct (d) None are correct
253. Psilophyton gave the origin to -
A. Horsetails B. Ferns C. Ginkgo D. Coniferales
(a) A and B (b) C and D (c) All are correct (d) None
254. The organism which possesses characteristics of both plants and animals and hence, regarded a connecting link
between these in-
(a) Amocba (b) Entamocba (c) Euglena (d) Paramecium
255. The first vascular plant were represented by an extinct group
(a) Bryophytes (b) Rhynia (c) Lycopods (d) Cycads
256. The origin of angiosperms took place during -
(a) Mesozoic era (Cretaceous period) (b) Protozoic era
(c) Coenzoic era (d) Palaeozoic era
257. First organisms that invaded land were
(a) Herbivores (b) Carnivores (c) Plants (d) Consumers
258. All are true regarding the genetic drift except -
(a) It mostly occurs in smaller populations
(b) Certain alleles can be lost for ever because of genetic drift.
(c) Founder effects and bottleneck effects are causes of genetic drift.
(d) Mutations are primary responsible for genetic drift.
259. Which one(s) is / are correct?
A. Thomas Malthus is well known for his book on populations
B. The work of Thomas Malthus on population did not influence Darwin
C. There must be a genetic basic for getting selected and to evolve
D. All the finches on the Galapagos islands are descended from a common ancestor
(a) All (b) All except b (c) C and D only (d)None
260. Which one(s) is / are correct of Australopithecus?
A. They lived in East African grassland B. They hunted with stone weapons
C. They essentially ate fruits
D. They were transitional stages between the apes and humans
(a) A and B (b)CandD (c)None (d)AII
261. Following diagram provides an example of

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 (a) Convergent evolution (b) Parallel evolution (c) Recapitulation (d) Divergent evolution
262. The diversity within the wild bird species in the diagram below can best be explained by which process?

(a) Natural selection (b) Ecological succession (c) Adaptive radiation (d) Both a and c
263. Genetic drift is a random change in allele frequencies. Sometimes, the change in allele frequencies is so different
that the new sample of population becomes a different species. This is known as
(a) Founder's effect (b) Divergent evolution (c) Parallel evolution (d) Stasigenesis
264. Which of the following has evolved mainly as a result of artificial selection?
(a) darker colouring of the peppered moth near industrial areas
(b) increased production of antibiotics by the fungus Penicillium sp. . , . . .
(c) increased resistance of houseflies to the insecticide DOT
(d) increased tolerance of lichens to heavy metals on tree bark around mine workings ••>
265. Assume that allele C occurs at 60 percent of the loci and allele c at 40 percent of the loci for a particular gene in a
population. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of genotype C/C in the next generation will be I
; the frequency of genotype C/c will be II____; and the frequency of genotype
c/c will be …iii
(a) I - 0.26; II - 0.38; III - 0.8 (b) I - 0.18; II - 0.24; III - 0.8
(c) I - 0.48; II - 0.36; III - 0.16 (d) I - 0.36; II -0.48; III -0.16.
266. An isolated population of humans, with approximately equal numbers of blue-eyed and brown-eyed individuals,
was decimated by an earthquake. Only a few brown-eyed people remained to form the next generation. This kind
of change in tthe gene pool is called -
(a) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (b) Block gene flow
(c) Bottleneck effect (d) Founder effect
267. What was the most significant trend in theevolution of modern man (Homo sapiens) from^his ancestors?
(a) Increasing brain capacity (b),Upright posture
(c) Shortening of jaws (d)'Binoeufar vision
268. The concept that species have changed over long periods of time is known as

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 (a) ecology ' (b) embryology
(c)spontaneousgeneration (d)organic evolution
269.

Chose the correct alternatives-

(a) C-Bacteria, B-Coacervotes, A-simple organic molecules
(b) A-Bacteria, B-Simple organic molecules, C-Coacervates
(c) B-Bacteria, B-Coacervates, A- Simple organic molecules
(d) B-Bacteria, A-Coacervates, C- Simple organic molecules
270. The coal deposits were formed by
(a) Pteridophytes (b)Angiosperms (c) Gymnosperms (d)Microfloraofsea
271. Read the following three statements (A to C) and mark the right option
A. The thorns in Bougainvillea and tendrils in cucurbits represent divergent evolution
B. The similarity in the eyes of Octopus and monkeys is the result of convergent evolution
C. The potato and sweet potato are the examples of homology
(a) A and B correct (b) B and C correct (c) A and C correct (d)AIIA,B and C correct

272. Mark the correct statement/option

(a) Life appeared about 500 M. yrs after the formation of earth
(b) Louis Pasteur believed that life appeared only from preexisting life
(c) Oparin advocated that life came from preexisting non-living organic molecules
(d) All of these
273. Dinosaurs suddenly disappeared from the earth about
(a) 35 million years ago (b) 70 million years ago
(c) 100 million years ago (d) More than 140 million years ago
274. A marsupials evolved from ancestral stock, but all within Austr an continent. This represents
(a) Adaptive radiation like in Darwin's finches (b) Adaptive radiation unlike in Darwin's finches
(c) Convergent evolution like in Darwin's finches (d) Convergent evolution unlike in Darwin's finches
275. The first form of life arise slowly through evolutionary forces from non-living molecules by
(a) Panspermia (b) Biogenesis (c)Abiogenesis (d) Special creation
276. The first true cellular form of life appeared on earth about
(a) 2 million years ago (b) 3 million years ago
(c) 3.5 million years ago (d) 1 million years ago

ANSWER KEY

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