Script for Video Presentation
Group 2
Topic: Automatic Flow Rate and Pressure Control
Scene 1: Cover Page (Group Leader)
Location: Title Slide or Lab Entrance
On-Screen Text:
Addis Ababa Science and Technology University
College of Engineering
Department of Chemical Engineering
Process Control Lab – Group 2
Title: Automatic Flow Rate and Pressure Control
Group Members:-
1.Nahom Hailesilassie
2.Natnael Dagnachew
3.Nathnael Asheber
4.Nebeyat Demeisse
5.Nebiyu Daniel
Instructor’s Name:-Mrs.weynishet.F
Group Leader (Shows Face, Introduces the Assignment):
"Hello! We are Group 2, and today we will present our experiment on automatic flow rate and pressure
control. This experiment demonstrates how we regulate and monitor flow and pressure in process
industries."
Scene 2: Objectives of the Equipment (Member 2)
Location: Near the pilot plant/lab equipment
Member 2 (Shows Face, Explains Purpose):
"The main objectives of this experiment are to:
1.Understand the working principles of automatic flow rate and pressure control.
2.Analyze how sensors and controllers maintain system stability.
3.Learn how disturbances affect system performance and how the control system responds."
Scene 3: Process Description (Member 3)
Location: Experimental setup
Member 3 (Shows Face, Demonstrates Equipment):
"This system consists of a pump, flow sensor, pressure sensor, control valve, and PID controller. The
process flow is as follows:"
On-Screen : Diagram of the process flow (Tank → Pump → Sensor → Valve → Controller).
Member 3:
"The sensors measure real-time values, and the controller adjusts the valve to maintain the set flow rate
and pressure."
Scene 4: Basic Instruments in the Pilot Plant (Member 4)
Location: Instrumentation panel
Member 4 (Shows Face, Lists Components):
"The essential instruments in this system include:"
✔️ Flow Sensor – Measures the flow rate.
✔️ Pressure Sensor – Detects pressure changes.
✔️ Control Valve – Regulates the flow based on the controller’s signal.
✔️ PID Controller – Maintains the setpoint by adjusting the valve.
On-Screen Close-up: Zoom in on each component while explaining.
Scene 5: Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) (Member 5)
Location: Whiteboard or Digital Diagram
Member 5 (Shows Face, Points at P&ID Diagram):
"This is the Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) of our system. It shows the process flow, sensors,
controllers, and actuators. Let's analyze it in detail."
On-Screen Animation: Arrows showing flow direction and control loops.
Scene 6: Operation of the Equipment (All Members)
Location: Live System Demonstration
Group Leader:
"Now, let's demonstrate the system in action!"
✔️ Manual Mode: (Member 2 Adjusts Valves) – "Here, we manually control the valve and observe how
flow and pressure change."
✔️ Automatic Mode: (Member 3 Activates PID Controller) – "Now, we switch to automatic mode. The
controller adjusts the valve to maintain the setpoint."
✔️ Disturbance Test: (Member 4 Partially Closes a Pipe) – "We introduce a disturbance and observe how
the system compensates."
On-Screen Data: Real-time pressure and flow graphs.
Scene 7: Conclusion (All Members)
Location: Lab Setup with Equipment
Member 5:
"Through this experiment, we learned how automation helps maintain flow rate and pressure stability."
Member 4:
"This technology is widely used in industries like oil refineries, chemical plants, and water treatment
facilities."
Group Leader:
"Thank you for watching! We hope this presentation helped you understand automatic flow rate and
pressure control. See you in the next experiment!"
On-Screen Text: "THE END – Process Control Lab | Group 2 Section B 4th Year chemical engineering
students."
Topics to be clearly explained in the video
Automatic flowrate and pressure control systems are essential in many industries — from water
distribution to chemical processing — to maintain process stability and efficiency. These systems
typically consist of the following components:
Sensors and Transmitters:
Flow sensors (Flowmeters): Measure the flow rate of the fluid (e.g., magnetic, ultrasonic, or differential
pressure flowmeters).
Pressure sensors: Detect fluid pressure within the system (e.g., piezoelectric, strain gauge, or capacitive
pressure sensors).
These sensors send real-time data to the controller.
Controllers:
The PID controller (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) is the most common type. It processes sensor
inputs, compares them to setpoints (desired values), and calculates corrective actions to maintain stable
flow or pressure.
Modern systems may use PLC (Programmable Logic Controllers) or DCS (Distributed Control Systems) for
more complex processes.
Control Valves:
Flow control valves adjust the fluid flow by changing the valve position based on signals from the
controller.
Pressure control valves maintain constant pressure by throttling the flow or venting excess pressure.
Actuators:
These convert the controller’s output signals into physical movement, adjusting the valves accordingly.
They can be:
Pneumatic actuators (using air pressure)
Electric actuators (using motors)
Hydraulic actuators (using fluid pressure)
Setpoints and Human-Machine Interface (HMI):
Operators use the HMI to input setpoints (desired flowrate/pressure) and monitor system performance.
Modern HMIs may display trends, alarms, and diagnostics.
Feedback Loops:
Closed-loop systems continuously compare the actual values from sensors to setpoints, adjusting
control valves to minimize errors.
Open-loop systems might be used for simpler processes without feedback mechanisms.
Pumps or Compressors:
In some systems, variable speed pumps or compressors adjust flow and pressure dynamically in
response to control signals.
Data Acquisition and Logging:
Advanced systems collect data for analysis, enabling process optimization, fault detection, and
maintenance planning.
