MAJOR DHYAN CHAND AND KHEL RATNA AWARDS

Shri Gukesh D
Gold medal in FIDE World Chess (Classical) Championship held in Singapore in 2024.
Gold medal in FIDE 45th Chess Olympiad (Open Team) held in Budapest in 2024.
Gold medal in FIDE 45th Chess Olympiad (Individual) held in Budapest in 2024.

Shri Harmanpreet Singh

Bronze medal in Olympic Games (Men’s Hockey Team) held in Paris, France in 2024.
Bronze medal in Olympic Games (Men’s Hockey Team) held in Tokyo, Japan in 2021.
Gold medal in 19th Asian Games (Men’s Hockey Team) held in Hangzhou, China in 2023.

Shri Praveen Kumar

Gold medal in Paralympic Games (Men's high jump T64) held in Paris in 2024.
Silver medal in Paralympic Games (Men's high jump T64) held in Tokyo in 2021.
Gold medal in 4th Asian Para Games (Men's high jump T64) held in Hangzhou, China in 2023.

Ms. Manu Bhaker

Bronze medal in Olympic Games (Women's 10m air pistol) held in Paris, France in 2024.
Bronze medal in Olympic Games (Mixed team 10m air pistol) held in Paris, France in 2024.

ARJUNA AWARDS 2024

Athletics Ms. Jyothi Yarraji Ms. Annu Rani,
Boxing Ms. Nitu Ms. Saweety
Chess Ms. Vantika Agrawal,
Para-Archery Shri Rakesh Kumar
Shooting Shri Swapnil ,Suresh Kusale, Shri Sarabjot Singh
Wrestling Shri Aman
Para-Judo Shri Kapil Parmar
Para-Shooting Ms. Mona Agarwal Ms. Rubina Francis
Squash Abhay Singh
Hockey Ms. Salima Tete, Shri Abhishek, Shri Sanjay, Shri Jarmanpreet Singh, Shri Sukhjeet Singh,
Para-Athletics Ms. Preeti Pal, Ms. Jeevanji Deepthi, Shri Ajeet Singh, Shri Sachin Sarjerao Khilari, Shri
Dharambir
Para-Athletics Shri Pranav Soorma, Shri H Hokato Sema, Ms. Simran, Shri Navdeep,
Para-Badminton Shri Nitesh Kumar, Ms. Thulasimathi Murugesan, Ms. Nithya Sre Sumathy Sivan, Ms.
Manisha Ramadass,

· Ju Wenjun is the 2024 FIDE WOMEN'S WORLD BLITZ CHAMPION!

· Magnus Carlsen and Ian Nepomniachtchi became 2024 World Blitz Champions.
· Hemanth Muddappa of Mantra Racing reinforced his status as the “Drag King” by notching up a
triple crown in the fourth and final round of the MMSC FMSCI Indian National Motorcycle Drag Racing
Championship at the Madras International Circuit (MIC).
· New Zealand batter Martin Guptill announced his retirement from international cricket, though the
38-year-old will continue to play in the T20 leagues around the world.

Ø For the 33rd time, West Bengal are Champions of the Santosh Trophy --
➢ Australia were presented with the ICC Women’s Championship trophy after they won the
prestigious 10-team competition that provided a pathway to the ICC Women’s Cricket World Cup
2025.
Ø Uttarakhand will serve as the venue for the 38th National Games.
The State has unveiled three significant symbols in line with the event: the logo, the mascot Mauli, and
the torch Tejaswini. It will be the first time the event is hosted by Uttarakhand, giving the state an
opportunity to showcase its potential in organizing large-scale sports events.

Q-Which among the following statements given below is/are incorrect

➔ The Asian Football Confederation (AFC) Member Associations have confirmed the Saudi Arabian
Football Federation (SAFF) as the host association for the AFC Asian Cup 2027 at the 33rd AFC
Congress held in Manama, Bahrain.
➔ Former Australian cricket captain Michael Clarke has been inducted into the prestigious Australian
Cricket Hall of Fame, becoming the 64th cricketer to receive this remarkable honor.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the Above
ans d

➔ Shreyas Iyer has been appointed as the captain of Punjab Kings for the upcoming Indian Premier
League (IPL) 2025 season.
➔ Karnataka - Champions of the Vijay Hazare Trophy 2024-25
Karnataka defeated Vidarbha by 36 runs in the final to win their 5th title in the Vijay Hazare
Trophy.
➔ Novak Djokovic added yet another record to his lengthy list, breaking a tie with Roger Federer for
the most Grand Slam matches played in tennis history by reaching 430 at the Australian Open.
➔ Smriti Mandhana has been crowned ICC Women's ODI crickter of the year 2024
➔ The Khelo India Winter Games 2025 commenced with great enthusiasm at the iconic NDS Stadium
in Leh, Ladakh. The first phase of the event is being hosted by the Union Territory of Ladakh and
will run until January 27th, 2025. The Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir will host the snow
games from February 22nd to 25th.
KIWG 2025 All Sports --Alpine Ski, Ice Hockey, Ice Skating, Nordic Ski, Skiing Mountaineering,
Snow Boarding,
The Union Territory of Ladakh finished on top of the Khelo India Winter Games (KIWG) 2025, the
first phase of which concluded at the NDS Stadium.
➔ Odisha Warriors clinched the title in the inaugural Women's Hockey India League, triumphing with
a 2-1 victory against JSW Soorma Hockey Club.
➔ Iniyan Panneerselvam clinches the 9th Johor International Open chess tournament title in Malaysia
with a dominating performance. Iniyan defeats Vietnamese GM Nguyen Van Huy and accumulates
8.5 points in nine rounds of the tournament.
➔ Star Aussie batter Steve Smith joined the elite list of players with 10,000 Test runs, he took 115
matches to become the fourth Australian and 15th overall player to achieve this historic milestone.
➔ Ministry of Defence declares 2025 as ‘Year of Reforms’.
Momentous step in modernisation journey of the Armed Forces
Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh chaired a meeting with all the Secretaries of the Ministry of
Defence (MoD) on the eve of the New Year to review the progress on various schemes, projects,
reforms and the way ahead. In order to give impetus to the ongoing and future reforms, it was
unanimously decided to observe 2025 as the ‘Year of Reforms’ in the MoD. This would aim at
transforming the Armed Forces into a technologically advanced combat-ready force capable of
multi-domain integrated operations.

Q-Which among the following statements given below is/are incorrect

1. Amid rising tensions in India-Bangladesh relations, Dhaka is reportedly mulling to purchase the
Abdali Short Range Ballistic Missiles (SRBMs) aka the Hatf 2 missiles, from Pakistan.
2.Abdali (Hatf 2) is a short-range, road-mobile, solid propellant ballistic missile.
 3.Developed by Pakistan’s Space Research Commission (SUPARCO), the Abdali missile system is
designed for quick-reaction battlefield scenarios.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) None of the above
ANS D

➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are correct

1. Field Evaluation Trials of indigenously-developed Nag Mk 2, the third generation Anti-Tank Fire-
and-Forget Guided Missile, were successfully conducted recently at Pokhran Field Range in the
presence of senior officers of the Indian Army.
2. Ministry of Defence (MoD) has signed a contract with Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL) for the
supply of Medium-Range Surface-to-Air Missiles (MRSAM) for the Indian Navy at a cost of
approximately Rs 2,960 crore.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the Above

➔ DRDO developed HIMKAVACH multi layer clothing system designed for temperature range of
+20°C to -60°C has successfully cleared all user trials in actual operation. The clothing system will
be very useful in military operations in cold weather conditions along the Himalayan region.
➔ Defence Minister Rajnath Singh launched the 'Bharat Ranbhoomi Darshan' app, offering virtual
tours of India's historic battle sites, including Galwan, Siachen, and Doklam. This initiative aims to
educate citizens about the nation's military heritage.
➔ Indian Army Day is celebrated annually on 15th January to commemorate the appointment of
General (later Field Marshal) K. M. Cariappa as the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian
Army in 1949.
2025 Theme: 'Samarth Bharat, Saksham Sena' (Capable India, Empowered Army).
Hosts: Pune hosts the Army Day parade for the first time, emphasizing its military significance.
The Indian government has declared 2025 as the "Year of Defence Reforms," aiming to integrate
theatre commands, enhance tri-services synergy, streamline military procurement, and promote
indigenous capabilities.
Armed Forces Veterans’ Day: Celebrated annually on 14th January to honor the service and
sacrifices of Indian armed forces veterans.

➔ Exercise Devil Strike was conducted by the Indian Armed Forces under the aegis of Eastern
Command. The exercise showcased the synergy between the Indian Army’s elite airborne troops &
the Indian Air Force, demonstrating readiness for evolving challenges. The exercise focused on
precision insertions, cutting-edge technology and flawless logistics, ensuring operational
readiness in extreme conditions.
➔ Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh flagged-off ‘SANJAY - The Battlefield Surveillance System (BSS)’
from South Block, New Delhi. SANJAY is an automated system which integrates the inputs from all
ground and aerial battlefield sensors, processing them to confirm their veracity, preventing
duplication and fusing them to produce a Common Surveillance Picture of the battlefield over
secured Army Data Network & Satellite Communication Network. It will enhance battlefield
transparency and transform the future battlefield through a Centralised Web Application which
will provide inputs to Command & Army Headquarters, and the Indian Army Decision Support
 System.
➔ INDIAN NAVY COMMISSIONS THREE FRONTLINE COMBATANTS –Nilgiri, Vaghsheer, Surat (Naval
Dockyard, Mumbai.)
Nilgiri, the lead ship of Project 17A, is a major advancement over the Shivalik-class frigates,
incorporating significant stealth features and reduced radar signatures through state of-the-art
technology.
Surat, The Project 15B destroyer, Surat, is the culmination of the follow-on class to the Kolkata
class (Project 15A) destroyers, featuring substantial improvements in design and capabilities.
Vaghsheer, the sixth Scorpene class submarine under the Kalvari-class Project 75, is one of the
most silent and versatile diesel-electric submarines in the world.
➔ THE FRENCH CARRIER STRIKE GROUP, LED BY THE NUCLEAR-POWERED AIRCRAFT CARRIER FNS
CHARLES DE GAULLE AND COMPRISING OTHER FRENCH NAVAL SHIPS, IS VISITING INDIA FROM
03 09 JAN 25 WITH PORT CALL IN GOA AND KOCHI. THIS VISIT AIMS TO ENHANCE
INTEROPERABILITY, FOSTER MUTUAL UNDERSTANDING, AND STRENGTHEN COLLABORATION
BETWEEN THE FRENCH NAVY AND THE INDIAN NAVY.
➔ Two Fast Patrol Vessels (FPVs) Amulya and Akshay ( third and fourth vessels of the fleet of eight
FPVs being constructed by GSL for ICG) were launched in the presence of Secretary (Defence
Production) in Goa. Indigenously designed and constructed by the Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL) for
the Indian Coast Guard (ICG).
The first two FPVs of the same series Adamya and Akshar – were launched in October 2024.
➔ LAUNCH OF ‘UTKARSH’, SECOND MULTI PURPOSE VESSEL The second of the two Multi Purpose
Vessels, being built by M/s L&T Shipyard for the Indian Navy, was launched in the presence of
Rajesh Kumar Singh, Defence Secretary on 13 Jan 25 at L&T, Kattupalli, Chennai.
The indigenously designed and built guided missile destroyer INS Mumbai is participating in the
fourth edition of the Multinational Exercise LA PEROUSE. This edition will witness participation of
personnel/ surface and sub-surface assets from various maritime partners including Royal
Australian Navy, French Navy, Royal Navy, United States Navy, Indonesian Navy, Royal Malaysian
Navy, Republic of Singapore Navy and Royal Canadian Navy.
➔ The 15th edition of Asia’s biggest aero show Aero India 2025 - will be held at the Air Force Station,
Yelahanka in Bengaluru, Karnataka from February 10 to 14, 2025. With the broad theme ‘The
Runway to a Billion Opportunities’, the event will provide a platform for forging partnerships
between foreign & Indian firms and the discovery of newer avenues in the global value chain to
accelerate the indigenisation process.
➔ Bhargavastra: India’s Counter Drone Micro-Missile System Bhargavastra is India’s first micro
missile-based system designed to counter swarm drones. Developed by Economic Explosives Ltd,
it can detect and neutralize small drones at over 6 km. Primarily designed for the Indian Army,
although the Indian Air Force has also shown interest in it.
➔ India will host the World Audio Visual Entertainment Summit (WAVES) for the first time in 2025,
marking a significant milestone in its growing influence in the global entertainment sector. The
summit will provide a platform for industry leaders, innovators, and creators to collaborate and
discuss advancements in audio visual entertainment.
➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are correct
1. Russia introduced a 1% tourist tax on lodging costs starting January 1, 2025. The tax is intended
to support tourism infrastructure and boost local economies.
2.A Swiss prohibition on facial coverings in public spaces widely known as the “burqa ban” took
effect on (January 1). Anyone who unlawfully flouts the prohibition faces a fine of up to 1,000
Swiss francs ($1,144). 3.Pakistan began its two-year tenure as a non-permanent member of the
United Nations Security Council (UNSC) on January 1, 2025, with Ambassador Munir Akram saying
that the Pakistani delegation will play an “active and constructive” role in addressing key
challenges facing the world.
a) 1 only
 b) Both 1 and 2
c) Both 1 and 3
d) All of the above
ANS D

➔ IndiaAI, an Independent Business Division (IBD) under the Digital India Corporation, has signed a
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Microsoft to drive the adoption and development of
artificial intelligence (AI) in India.
➔ 1,000 KMS OF METRO INDIA BECOMES 3RD LARGEST METRO NETWORK GLOBALLY
Covering over 1,000 km across 11 states and 23 cities
1984: First metro line in India (3.4 km) opened between Esplanade and Bhowanipur, Kolkata
India’s first underwater metro tunnel passes beneath the Hooghly River in the Esplanade Howrah
Maidan section in Kolkata.
The first-ever driverless metro was launched on Delhi Metro’s Magenta Line on December 28, 2020
Kochi became the first city with a Water Metro connecting 10 islands with electric hybrid boats
➔ Indonesia has officially joined the BRICS group as the 10th member, effective from January 2025.
BRICS is an intergovernmental informal grouping of 10 emerging economies of the world.
BRICS stands for the original founding members, Brazil, Russia, India, and China, with South Africa
joining in 2010. In 2024, Iran, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Egypt and Ethiopia also became its
members. Saudi Arabia is yet to formalise its BRICS membership. Argentina was initially expected
to join the group in 2024 but later decided against it. The first BRIC Summit was held in Russia in
2009.

➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are incorrect

1. The UK announced the world's first new sanctions regime to combat people smuggling crime
rings and block the illicit finance fuelling such operations as part of measures to crack down on
illegal migration.
2. In a significant milestone, India has joined the prestigious UN Committee of Experts on Big Data
and Data Science for Official Statistics. The (UN-CEBD) was created to further investigate the
benefits and challenges of Big Data, including the potential for monitoring and reporting on the
sustainable development goals.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the Above
ans d
➔ Nato has launched a new mission to increase the surveillance of ships in the Baltic Sea after critical
undersea cables were damaged or severed last year. Nato chief Mark Rutte said the mission,
dubbed "Baltic Sentry", would involve more patrol aircraft, warships and drones. His
announcement was made at a summit in Helsinki attended by all Nato countries perched on the
Baltic Sea - Finland, Estonia, Denmark, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Sweden.
➔ External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, during his official visit to Spain, announced that 2026 will be
marked as a ‘dual year’ between India and Spain to celebrate culture, tourism, and advancements
in artificial intelligence. India and Spain currently enjoy annual trade worth USD 10 billion, with
collaborations spanning railways, clean technology, drones, and space exploration.
➔ United States Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) has removed three Indian organizations from
its Entity List, aiming to enhance bilateral energy cooperation. Simultaneously, the BIS has added
eleven Chinese entities to the list, citing national security concerns.
Indian Entities Removed from the List Indian Rare Earths Indira Gandhi Atomic Research Center
(IGCAR) Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
➔ In honor of great Tamil poet-philosopher Thiruvalluvar, the Cultural Center in Jaffna was renamed
 as 'Thiruvalluvar Cultural Center'. In addition to paying homage to the great Thiruvalluvar, it is also
a testament to the deep cultural, linguistic, historical and civilisational bonds between the people
of India and Sri Lanka.
➔ The 6 principles focus on stronger economic ties, fair trade, high quality standards, resilient supply
chains, and leveraging India's tech & talent for mutual growth.
➔ China has completed the Tianshan Shengli Tunnel, the world's longest expressway tunnel at 22.13
kilometers. It forms part of the Urumqi-Yuli Expressway, connecting northern Xinjiang to Yuli
County, reducing travel time through the Tianshan Mountains from three hours to 20 minutes.

➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are correct

1. Thailand made history by becoming the first Southeast Asian nation to legalize same sex
marriage.
2. Deepseek is a new AI model from China, has captured the attention of the tech world,
surpassing the likes of ChatGPT, Gemini, and Claude AI in performance. The DeepSeek app, which
was launched, has overtaken rivals including ChatGPT to become the most downloaded free app
in the United States.
3.The United States will exit the World Health Organization, President Donald Trump said on
(January 20, 2025), saying the global health agency had mishandled the COVID-19 pandemic and
other international health crises.
a) 1 only
b) Both 1 and 2
c) Both 1 and 3
d) All of the above ans D
➔ Nigeria Joins BRICS as Partner, Aims for Global Collaboration.
➔ The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated Grameen Bharat Mahotsav 2025 at Bharat
Mandapam, New Delhi.
Theme - 'Building a Resilient Rural India for a Viksit Bharat 2047’ Motto - “गव बढ़, त” दश बढ़.
Mahotsav aims to celebrate Rural India’s entrepreneurial spirit and cultural heritage. The
Mahotsav, through various discussions, workshops and masterclasses, aims to enhance rural
infrastructure, create self-reliant economies, and foster innovation within rural communities.
➔ India's first glass bridge is now open in Tamil Nadu, connecting the Vivekananda Rock Memorial
and the Thiruvalluvar statue in Kanniyakumari. This 77-meter-long and 10-meter-wide bridge
offers breathtaking views of the sea below through its transparent glass surface.
➔ INDIAN RAILWAYS HAS SUCCESSFULLY COMPLETED A TRIAL RUN ON THE ANJI KHAD BRIDGE
FOR ENHANCING RAILWAY CONNECTIVITY IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR. IT IS INDIA'S FIRST CABLE-
STAYED RAIL BRIDGE LOCATED IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR’S REASI DISTRICT. IT IS PART OF THE
UDHAMPUR-SRINAGAR-BARAMULLA RAIL LINK (USBRL) PROJECT.

➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are correct

1. Chhattisgarh has become the first state in India to link its forest ecosystem to the Green Gross
Domestic Product (Green GDP).
2. India's first coastal and wader birds census is being organized at Marine National Park and
Marine Sanctuary located in Jamnagar (Gujarat).
3.Union Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh launched the country’s first
organic fisheries cluster in Soreng District of Sikkim which will boost farmer incomes and promote
sustainability in aquaculture.
a) 1 only
b) Both 1 and 2
c) Both 1 and 3
d) All of the above
ans d
➔ Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation, Shri Amit Shah launched BHARATPOL portal
developed by central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) in New Delhi. Through the BHARATPOL portal,
the country's law enforcement agencies will be able to access real-time information. This portal
will streamline all requests for international assistance through INTERPOL, including the issuance
of Red Notices and other color-coded INTERPOL notices By providing easy and faster access to
international assistance, BHARATPOL will strengthen India's efforts to combat international crimes.
➔ Pravasi Bharatiya Divas --Celebrates the contributions of the Indian diaspora to India. Serves as a
platform for engagement with the overseas Indian community.
Significance of January 9th: Marks Mahatma Gandhi's return to India from South Africa in 1915 to
lead the freedom struggle.
History: First celebrated in 2003 under Prime Minister Late Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee. A flagship
event organized by the Ministry of External Affairs.
Frequency: Held once every two years. 18th PBD (2025): Held in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. Theme:
"Diaspora's contribution to a Viksit Bharat" (Developed India). 17th PBD (2023): Held in Indore,
Madhya Pradesh (January 8-10). Theme: "Diaspora: Reliable partners for India's progress in Amrit
Kaal."
➔ On January 1, 2025, India welcomed its first baby of Generation Beta in Aizawl, Mizoram. Born at
12:03 AM at the Synod Hospital in Durtlang, the baby boy was named Frankie Remruatdika
Zadeng. His birth marked a significant moment in time, as he became the first member of a new
generation.
➔ The Sonamarg Tunnel project,Jammu and Kashmir. It has been developed by National Highways
and Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL). The Sonamarg Tunnel project,
around 12 km long, has been constructed at a cost of over Rs 2,700 crore. It comprises the
Sonamarg main tunnel of 6.4 km length, an egress tunnel and approach roads. Situated at an
altitude of over 8,650 feet above sea level, it will enhance all-weather connectivity between
Srinagar and Sonamarg enroute to Leh, bypassing landslide and avalanche routes and ensuring
safer and uninterrupted access to the strategically critical Ladakh region.

➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are correct

1. India has been selected to host the 28th Conference of Speakers and Presiding Officers of
Commonwealth Countries (CSPOC) in 2026.
2.The ‘Musi River Historic Buildings’ in Hyderabad have been put on the 2025 World Monuments
Watch, in an announcement made by the New York-based organisation on late on (January 15,
2025). Gujarat’s ‘Bhuj Historic Water Systems’ is the other site in India named by the WMF on its
list of 25-sites facing risk due to the water crisis and climate change.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the Above
ans C
➔ 150 Years of India Meteorological Department (IMD) Established in 1875, the India Meteorological
Department (IMD) is completing 150 years of service on 15th January 2025. IMD is one of the
earliest government departments created for systematic observation, regular reporting, and
scientific forecasting of weather in the Indian subcontinent.
Prime Minister launched ‘Mission Mausam’ with the goal of making our country a ‘Weather-ready
and Climate-smart’ nation. Prime Minister also released the IMD Vision-2047 document for
weather resilience and climate change adaptation. It includes plans for weather forecasting,
weather management, and climate change mitigation.
➔ Union Minister for Commerce and Industry Shri Piyush Goyal launches National Turmeric Board.
National Turmeric Board established at Nizamabad. This will ensure better opportunities for
 innovation, global promotion and value addition in turmeric production. It will strengthen the
supply chains, benefiting both farmers and consumers alike.”
➔ Kerala’s Kappad Beach in Kozhikode and Chal Beach in Kannur have received the prestigious Blue
Flag certification from the Denmark based Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE). This
globally recognized award is given to beaches, marinas, and boating operators that meet 33
stringent criteria, including environmental sustainability, safety measures, and visitor amenities.
➔ ZSI scientists discover new species of Indo-Burmese pangolin. Scientists of the Zoological Survey
of India (ZSI) have identified a new species of Indo Burmese pangolin (Manis indoburmanica) that
diverged from the Chinese pangolin (Manis pentadactyla) approximately 3.4 million years ago.

➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are correct

1. The Gaan-Ngai festival, the largest post-harvest celebration of the Zeliangrong community,
takes place in Manipur.
2.Tripura became the first northeastern state to sign an MoU with the Digital India Bhashini
Division under MeitY to enhance multilingual e-governance.
3.The Department of Science and Technology, under the Union Ministry of Science and
Technology, has inaugurated the first astronomical observatory in Eastern India atop Panchet Hill
in the Garpanchkot area of Purulia district, West Bengal.
a) 1 only
b) Both 1 and 2
c) Both 1 and 3
d) All of the above
ans d
➔ The 'Archaeological Experiential Museum' is the only museum in the world where history n
excavation come together. This museum, while brings to life the 2,500 year-old culture of
Vadnagar, also showcase to the world the contributions in culture, trade, education, and
governance

➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are correct

1.The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi approved the
establishmentof the Third Launch Pad (TLP) at Satish Dhawan Space Centre of ISRO at Sriharikota,
Andhra Pradesh.
2.The Cabinet Committee of Security (CCS) chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi is expected
to give a formal nod to the deal to buy 26 Rafale-M fighter jets for the Navy from French firm
Dassault.
3. The government has recently approved the formation of the 8th Pay Commission to revise the
salaries of lakhs of central government employees and pensioners, with Union Minister Ashwini
Vaishnaw suggesting its recommendations will come into effect on January 1, 2026.
a) 1 only
b) Both 1 and 2
c) Both 1 and 3
d) All of the above
ans d
➔ The 15th National Voters’ Day (NVD) was celebrated across the country on 25th January. This
year’s celebration comes soon after the historic and successful conduct of the 2024 Lok Sabha
Elections, the largest democratic exercise in the world. The Election Commission also celebrates 75
years of its dedicated service to the nation.
➔ Indore in Madhya Pradesh and Udaipur in Rajasthan have joined the list of 31 Wetland Accredited
Cities in the world.
➔ Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) from the Nicobar Islands has a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. The GI
tag was awarded to VCO as part of a group of seven products from the Andaman and Nicobar
 Islands. The products are Hodi (an outrigger canoe), Nicobari Mat (Chatrai-hileuoi), Nicobari Hut
(Chanvi Pati – Nyi hupul), Padauk Wood Craft, Andaman and Nicobar Coconut, Nicobari Tavi-i
Ngaich (Virgin Coconut Oil), and Andaman Karen Musley Rice.

➔ Which of the following states did not celebrate its Statehood Day on January 21?
a) Manipur
b) Meghalaya
c) Tripura
d) Mizoram
ans d
➔ The 2025 Flamingo Festival was held from January 18–20 in the Tirupati District, Andhra Pradesh.
The festival celebrated the beauty of flamingos and the region's biodiversity. It also raised
awareness about the environmental challenges faced by the area.
➔ Assam government launched 'Gunotsav 2025' to assess more than 14 lakh students across 16,056
schools. It aims to improve educational standards and create a better learning environment. The
theme of 'Gunotsav 2025' is "Ensuring Quality Education."
➔ LOGISTICS EASE ACROSS DIFFERENT STATES (LEADS) 2024’ REPORT
Coastal Group--
Achievers: Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu
Fast Movers: Andhra Pradesh, Goa
Aspirers: Kerala, West Bengal

Landlocked Group
Achievers: Haryana, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand
Fast Movers: Bihar, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan
Aspirers: Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand

Union Territories
Achievers: Chandigarh, Delhi
Fast Movers: Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Jammu and Kashmir, Lakshadweep,
Puducherry
Aspirers: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Ladakh

North-Eastern Group
Aspirers: Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Ladak
Fast Movers: Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura
Aspirers: Manipur

➔ 2024 is confirmed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) to be the warmest year on
record globally, and the first calendar year that the average global temperature exceeded 1.5°C
above its pre-industrial level. C3S is implemented on behalf of the European Commission by the
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), whose scientists have been
monitoring key climate indicators, and documenting unprecedented daily, monthly, and annual
temperature records over 2024.
➔ India Ranks 2nd in Future of Work! According to the QS World Future Skills Index 2025, India has
achieved the second-highest global score (99.1) in the 'Future of Work' category, just behind the
United States. This recognition highlights India's strong readiness to integrate artificial intelligence,
digital technologies, and green industries into its workforce. With a focus on building the future
through innovation and adaptability, India is poised to further solidify its position as a global
leader in workforce transformation.
➔ 2025 MILITARY STRENGTH RANKING -- INDIA SECURES THE 4TH POSITION IN THE GLOBAL
 FIREPOWER INDEX 2025, MAINTAINING ITS STRONG MILITARY STATURE GLOBALLY
➔ Nascent galaxy discovered in formation at the end of the longest tidal tail of NGC 3785 galaxy.
About 430 million light years from Earth, in the Leo constellation, a new ultra-diffuse galaxy has
been discovered to be under formation at the end of the tidal tail, a long, thin stream of stars and
interstellar gas, of galaxy NGC 3785. The discovery of the galaxy formation, driven probably by the
gravitational interaction between NGC 3785 and a neighbouring galaxy. marks a major milestone
in understanding galaxy evolution. NGC 3785 galaxy is known to possess the longest tidal tail
discovered so far.
➔ In a historic achievement, the Space Docking Experiment (SpaDeX) mission’s docking operation
was successfully completed on 16th January, 2025 marking India’s entry into the elite group of
nations capable of executing space docking operations. With this success, India becomes the
fourth country in the world to achieve this technological feat. AFTER THE US, RUSSIA, AND CHINA.
The SpaDeX mission involves two small satellites, SDX01, which is the Chaser and SDX02, the
Target, each weighing approximately 220 kilograms. These spacecrafts are androgynous in nature
i.e. either of the spacecraft can act as chaser (active spacecraft) during docking.
➔
Which among the following statements given below is/are correct
1. Spacetech startups Pixxel and Digantara have launched their satellites aboard SpaceX’s
Transporter-12 rideshare mission from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California.
2.Pixxel has launched the first three satellites of its Firefly constellation. These satellites are
equipped with hyperspectral imaging technology, offering a resolution of five metres and covering
over 150 spectral bands.
3.Digantara launched its Space Camera for Object Tracking (SCOT) satellite. This satellite is
designed for space surveillance and is capable of tracking objects as small as 5 cm in Low-Earth
Orbit (LEO).
a) 1 only
b) Both 1 and 2
c) Both 1 and 3
d) All of the above and d
➔
Which among the following statements given below is/are incorrect
1.China launched Pakistan's first indigenous Electro-Optical (EO-1) satellite, PRSC EO1. The launch
occurred from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center using a Long March-2D carrier rocket. The
satellite is equipped with electro-optical sensors for collecting Earth observation data.
2.UAE President Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan announced 2025 as the Year of
Community, launching a national initiative aimed at fostering unity and inclusion across society.
Under the slogan “Hand in Hand,” the campaign reflects the UAE leadership’s vision to build a
cohesive and empowered community.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the Above ans d
➔
SAI PARANJPYE TO RECEIVE THE PADMAPANI LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD This year, the most
prestigious honour of the festival – the Padmapani, Lifetime Achievement Award will be conferred
upon the renowned director, screenwriter, producer, and playwright, Sai Paranjpye for her
invaluable contributions to the Indian cinema. In recognition of her remarkable contributions, the
Government of India honoured her with the Padma Bhushan award in 2006.
➔ Lionel Messi was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by United States President Joe
Biden. The Presidential Medal of Freedom is the Nation’s highest civilian honor, presented to
individuals who have made exemplary contributions to the prosperity, values, or security of the
 United States, world peace, or other significant societal, public or private endeavors.
➔ Republic day prade 2025: Best Marching Contingents & Tableaux Announced
In a first, a Tri-Services tableau to take part in Republic Day Parade 2025 with the theme ‘Shashakt
aur Surakshit Bharat’. 2025 has been declared as the ‘Year of Reforms’ in the Ministry of Defence.
Indonesian President Mr Prabowo Subianto - the Chief Guest
Best tableau from Central Ministries/Departments - Ministry of Women & Child Development
(Multifaceted journey of women and children nurtured under the Ministry's comprehensive
schemes)
➔ For the year 2025, the President has approved conferment of 139 Padma Awards including 1 duo
case (in a duo case, the Award is counted as one) as per list below. The list comprises 7 Padma
Vibhushan, 19 Padma Bhushan and 113 Padma Shri Awards. 23 of the awardees are women and
the list also includes 10 persons from the category of Foreigners / NRI / PIO / OCI and 13
Posthumous awardees.
➔ Appointments --Air Marshal Jeetendra Mishra -assumed command of the Indian Air Force’s
Western Air Command.
Gyanendra Pratap Singh -appointed as the new DG of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
Faiz Ahmed Kidwai was appointed as the Director General of the Directorate General of Civil
Aviation (DGCA).
Dr. V. Narayanan, assumed the charge of Secretary, Department of Space, Chairman, Space
Commission and Chairman, ISRO
Bahadur Singh Sagoo - Asian Games champion in men's shot put Bahadur Singh was elected new
president of AFI (2025 to 2029). A Padma Shri recipient, represented India at the Sydney 2000 and
Athens 2004 Olympics.
Devajit Saikia -Former first-class cricketer Devajit Saikia has been voted as the next secretary of the
Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), succeeding Jay Shah, who became the ICC Chairman
last year.
Nawaf Salam -Nawaf Salam, the president of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) at The Hague,
has been named as Lebanon's new prime minister
Nicolas Maduro sworn in for third term as Venezuela's President amid election dispute.
➔ Donald Trump hailed the dawn of a “golden age” for the United States as he was sworn in as the
country’s 47th President.
Alexander Lukashenko has been re-elected as the President of Belarus for a seventh term.
Micheal Martin has been elected as the Republic of Ireland’s prime minister for a second time
➔ Books – the eorld after gaza by pankaj mishra
how india scaled MTG20 by amitabh kant
middle class india by manisha pande
parliament volume 1&2 dr. KS chauhan
➔
Renowned playback singer P Jayachandran, affectionately called 'Bhava Gayakan' passed away at a
private medical college in Kerala.
➔ Shigemi Fukahori, a Japanese Catholic who lived through the atomic bombing of Nagasaki in 1945
and later became a peace advocate, passed away at the age of 93.
➔ The SVAMITVA (Survey of villages and mapping with improvised technology in village areas)
initiative is transforming rural India. By providing accurate property ownership data, it’s bringing
about positive change in everyday life.
Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi distributes over 65 lakh property cards under SVAMITVA
scheme across 10 states and 2 Union Territories. SVAMITVA scheme was launched by Prime
Minister with a vision to enhance the economic progress of rural India by providing ‘Record of
Rights’ to households owning houses in inhabited areas in villages through the latest drone
technology for surveying. The scheme also helps facilitate monetization of properties and
enabling institutional credit through bank loans; reducing property-related disputes; facilitating
 better assessment of properties and property tax in rural areas and enabling comprehensive
village-level planning.
➔ Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras has announced a collaboration with the Ministry of
Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare on Project VISTAAR (Virtually Integrated System to Access
Agricultural Resources). It is a digital platform designed by integrating information about start-ups
in the agriculture and allied sectors. The initiative aims to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness
of the agricultural extension system through digitalisation. This will help farmers and other
stakeholders access the capabilities and offerings of these start-ups more easily.
➔ The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Hon’ble Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has approved One
Nation One Subscription, a new Central Sector Scheme for providing nationwide access to
scholarly research articles and journal publications. The scheme will be implemented through a
simple, user friendly, and fully digital process. This facility will be accessible to government higher
education institutions and R&D laboratories under the central government. A total of nearly Rs.
6,000 crore has been allocated for the Scheme for 3 calendar years, 2025, 2026 and 2027.
➔ Chhattisgarh has become the first state in India to link its forest ecosystem to the Green Gross
Domestic Product (Green GDP). This approach highlights the economic and environmental value
of forests, focusing biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. Green GDP: It is a
modified version of traditional GDP that accounts for the environmental costs of economic
activities. It incorporates factors such as natural resource depletion, environmental degradation,
and pollution into the economic output, offering a more comprehensive picture of a nation’s true
wealth. According to the World Bank, Green GDP = NDP (Net Domestic Product) − (Cost of
Natural Resource Depletion + Cost of Ecosystem Degradation). Where NDP = GDP − Depreciation
of Produced Assets
➔ IMPORTANT DATES OF JANUARY
04- World Braille Day -In 2018, the UNGA decided to proclaim January 4 as World Braille Day as a
tribute to Louis Braille, the visionary behind the braille system.
10- Vishwa Hindi Divas or World Hindi Day , A Global Voice of Unity and Cultural Pride
12-National Youth Day 2025 -dedicated to the birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda.
14- Arned fprces veterans day
15 – indian army day
23- parakaram diwas 2025- 128th bitrh anniversary of netaji bose
25- national tourism day 2025 / national voters day

FEBRUARY 2025
➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are correct
1. World Wetlands Day is observed on 2nd February every year worldwide to commemorate the
signing of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands of International Importance in 1971.
2.India is a party to the Convention since 1992.
3.Tamil Nadu continues to have maximum number of Ramsar Sites (20 sites) followed by Uttar
Pradesh (10 sites).
a) 1 only
b) Both 1 and 2
c) Both 1 and 3
d) All of the above
ANS D
➔ Gujarat Declares First Biodiversity Heritage Site The Gujarat Biodiversity Board has notified a
32.78-hectare .
Inland Mangroove of Guneri area in Lakhpat taluka, Kutch district, as the state's first Biodiversity
heritage site of gujrat.
The mangroovr species found here is “ Avicennia marina”.
➔ Biodiversity-Heritage Site (BHS) BHS are well-defined areas that are unique, ecologically fragile
 ecosystems – terrestrial, coastal and inland waters and, marine having rich biodiversity comprising
of any one or more of the following components:
-Richness of wild as well as domesticated species or intra-specific categories
-High endemism
-Presence of rare and threatened species, keystone species, and species of evolutionary
significance.
-Past pre-eminence of biological components represented by fossil beds
-Areas with significant cultural, ethical or aesthetic values important for the maintenance of
cultural diversity.
-Medicinal Plant Conservation Areas.
➔ Context: A surge in Olive Ridley Sea turtle deaths has been reported along the Chennai and
Chengalpattu coasts of Tamil Nadu, with over 1,200 carcasses found in January 2025.
Scientific Name: Lepidochelys olivacea
IUCN Status: Vulnerable.
Habitat & Distribution: Found in tropical waters of the Pacific, Indian, and Atlantic Oceans. Nesting
sites in India include Odisha (Gahirmatha, Devi, Rushikulya), Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and
Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Reasons for Mass Deaths: Illegal bottom trawling & gill nets, Lack of Turtle Excluder Devices
(TEDs), Plastic Pollution & Habitat Destruction,Climate Change & Rough Sea Conditions, Poaching
& Egg Harvesting.
➔ Sunita Williams sets new spacewalking record during 92nd US spacewalk
The international space station shared the news on X: NASA astronaut sinta williams just surpassed
former astronaut Peggy Whitson’s total spacewalking time of 60 hours and 21 minutes today. Suni
is still outside in the vacuum of space removing radio communications hardware.
➔ INDIAN GRANDMASTER R. PRAGGNANANDHAA CLINCHES TATA STEEL MASTERS 2025 TITLE
A fantastic ending for India at the Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2025 as R Praggnanandhaa
clinches the title while reigning World Champion Gukesh D finishes as runner - up in masters
section respectively.
➔ CHAMPIONS OF THE WORLD! CONGRATULATIONS U19 INDIAN WOMEN’S TEAM!
➔ BCCI NAMAN AWARDS 2023-2024
sachin-Col. C.K. Nayudu Lifetime Achievement Award
Ashwin-BCCI Special Award
bumrah-Polly Umrigar Award Best International Cricketer- Men
smriti mandhana-Best International Cricketer Women , Highest Run Getter in One Day
Internationals -2023-24 Women
sarfraz khan-Best International Debut - Men
asha sobhana-Best International Debut Women
deepti sharma-best Wickets in One Day Internationals - 2023-24 Women
➔ South Africa batter creates history on ODI debut Matthew Breetzke became the first batter to
score 150 runs on men’s ODI debut in the tri-series match against New Zealand in Lahore. He was
eventually dismissed for 150 but not before becoming the first batter to score 150 runs on men’s
ODI debut, going past Desmond Haynes' record of 148, which was set in 1978. Star pacer
Mohammed Shami set a record as the fastest Indian bowler to achieve 200 ODI wickets during the
ICC Champions Trophy match against Bangladesh
➔ Pankaj Advani has once again demonstrated his acumen by securing his 36th overall national title
at Indian Snooker Championship and 10th men's snooker crown at the Yashwant Club in Madhya
Pradesh. ICC Champions Trophy: Virat Kohli becomes quickest batsman to score 14,000 runs in
ODI cricket Kohli is now only the third batsman in ODI cricket to have scored 14,000 runs, after the
legendary Indian Sachin Tendulkar (18,246 runs) and Sri Lanka’s Kumar Sangakkara (14,234 runs).
➔ Which state is the host of 39th edition of the National Games in 2027?
a) Meghalaya
 b) Sikkim
c) Odisha
d) Himachal Pradesh
ANS A
➔ Services won the National Games 2025 title with 121 medals - 68 golds, 26 silvers and 27 bronze.
Maharashtra, despite winning 201 medals, came second with 54 golds.
BEST MALE Srihari Nataraj – 9 gold,1silver
BEST FEMALE Dhinidhi Designhu- 9 gold,1silver, 1 bronze
➔ Jacob Kiplimo breaks half marathon world record in Barcelona The 24-year-old Kiplimo finished
the Barcelona Half Marathon in 56 minutes and 42 seconds to break the previous record of 57
minutes and 30 seconds set by Yomif Kejelcha of Ethiopia.
➔ Real Madrid legend Marcelo announces retirement from football
The left-back won five Champions League crowns and six La Liga titles with the Los Blancos and
also represented Brazil in two World Cups during an illustrious career that spanned 19 years.
Shikhar Dhawan Named ICC Champions Trophy 2025 Ambassador
Other Iconic Ambassadors for the ICC Champions Trophy 2025 are Sarfaraz Ahmed – Pakistan’s
2017 Winning Captain Shane Watson – Former Australia All-Rounder Tim Southee – New
Zealand’s Legendary Fast Bowle r
➔ Mohun Bagan Super Giant became the Indian Super League (ISL) 2024-25 League Winners after
their 1-0 victory against Odisha FC at the Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan Stadium in Kolkata.
➔ EXERCISE EKUVERIN-.
13th edition of the joint military exercise 'Ekuverin' has commenced.
Conducted between the Indian Army and the Maldives National Defence Force.
Ekuverin means Friends in the Dhivehi language.
Started in 2009 as a bilateral military exercise. Annual Exercise, held alternately in India and
Maldives. 2023 Location: Chaubatia, Uttarakhand
Aim of Exercise Ekuverin: It is aimed at enhancing interoperability in counter insurgency and
counter terrorism operations, and carry out joint humanitarian assistance and disaster relief
operations.
Other Exercise between India and Maldives Exercise Ekatha: It is an annual exercise conducted
between the navies of India and Maldives.
➔ THEATRE LEVEL OPERATIONAL READINESS EXERCISE (TROPEX-25)
TROPEX 25 (2025 Edition) Indian Ocean Region
Biennial Exercise
Participants: Indian Navy (All operational units), Indian Army, Indian Air Force, Indian Coast Guard.
Phases: Harbour Phase, Sea Phase
Integration of Operations: Combat operations Cyber and electronic warfare Live weapon firings
(Joint Work Up Phase) Amphibious Exercise (AMPHEX)
➔ EXERCISE CYCLONE-III
Location: Rajasthan (Mahajan Field Firing Ranges)
Annual Event (India & Egypt alternately)
Last Edition: Egypt (January 2024)
Objective: Strengthen military-to-military relations between India and Egypt Enhance
interoperability and jointness Facilitate mutual exchange of special operations tactics
Focus Areas: High physical fitness levels Joint planning between forces Joint tactical drills for
operational readiness
➔ INTERNATIONAL FLEET REVIEW 25
Indian Navy platforms INS Shardul and Long Range Maritime Surveillance P8I aircraft are in Bali,
Indonesia, to participate in the International Fleet Review (IFR) 2025. The IFR, a prestigious
multinational naval event, will be reviewed by the Hon'ble President of Indonesia and will witness
participation of Naval forces from various countries.
 Following IFR 25, both INS Shardul and the P8I will participate in Exercise Komodo, a multilateral
naval exercise aimed at enhancing maritime interoperability and regional security cooperation.
➔ EXERCISE DHARMA GUARDIAN
Focus on: High-degree physical fitness, Joint planning, Joint tactical drills
Event: 6th Edition of India-Japan Joint Military Exercise DHARMA GUARDIAN
Nature: Annual exercise, conducted alternatively in both countries
Venue: East Fuji Manoeuvre Training Area, Japan
Previous Edition: Year: February-March 2024,
Location: Rajasthan, India. Objectives Enhance interoperability between Indian & Japanese forces
Conduct joint urban warfare & counter-terrorism operations under UN mandate
➔ DRDO & Indian Navy conducted successful flight trials of Naval Anti-Ship Missile (NASM-SR).
Location: at Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur.
Missile Capability: Tested against ship targets. Launch
Platform: Indian Naval Seaking Helicopter The trials have proven the missile’s Man-in-Loop feature
and scored a direct hit on a small ship target in sea-skimming mode at its maximum range.
The missile uses an Indigenous Imaging Infra-Red Seeker for terminal guidance. The mission also
has demonstrated the high bandwidth two way datalink system, which is used to transmit the
seeker live images back to the pilot for in-flight retargeting.
➔ Ministry of Defence has inked contracts with Economic Explosive Limited (EEL) and Munitions India
Limited (MIL) for the procurement of Area Denial Munition (ADM) Type-1 (DPICM) and High
Explosive Pre Fragmented (HEPF) Mk-1 (Enhanced) rockets respectively for PINAKA Multiple
Launch Rocket System (MLRS) at a total cost of Rs 10,147 crore. In addition, a contract for
upgrades in SHAKTI Software has also been signed with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL).
Contract Signed: Ministry of Defence & Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
Purpose: Procurement of 28 EON-51 systems
Deployment: 11 New Generation Offshore Patrol Vessels 3 Cadet Training Ships
Total Cost: Rs 642.17 crore (including taxes) Category: Buy (Indian-IDDM)
About EON-51 System Type: Electro Optical Fire Control System
Functions: Search & detection of targets Classification of targets Uses Electro Optical & Thermal
Imagers for tracking.
The Ordnance Clothing Factory (OCF), Avadi, a unit of Defence PSU Troop Comforts Limited, under
the Ministry of Defence, executed India9s first defence export order to the Republic of Suriname.
In the latest step toward eliminating colonial practices and mindsets within the armed forces, Fort
William in Kolkata, the headquarters of the Eastern Army Command, has been renamed Vijay
Durg. Additionally, Kitchener House inside Fort William has been renamed Manekshaw House, and
South gate, formerly known as St. Georges Gate, is now Shivaji Gate.
➔ FEB 01, On the 49th Raising Day of the Indian Coast Guard, we salute the brave women and men
who protect our nation’s maritime borders and marine ecology.
Established in 1977 with 7 surface platforms
Current strength: 151 ships & 76 aircraft Target for 2030: 200 ships & 100 aircraft
Aim: To become one of the world’s leading Coast Guard forces
➔ Aero India, Asia9s Largest Air Show, is a biennial air show and aviation exhibition which is held in
Bengaluru, organized by the Defence Exhibition Organisation, Department of Defence Production,
Ministry of Defence. Aero India 2025, the 15th edition of Aero India, held at Yelahanka Air Force
Station, Bengaluru. The broad theme is 'The Runway to a Billion Opportunities.'
➔ Hindustan Jet Trainer HJT-36 Renamed as 'Yashas'
Event: Aero India 2025
Significance: Major milestone in India9s pilot training capabilities Upgrades & Features: State-of-
the-art avionics, Ultra modern cockpit, Advanced flight characteristics
Purpose: Enhances Stage II pilot training, Improves operational readiness for the Indian Air Force
(IAF). Agreement Signed: Saab & Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
 Project: Electronic Warfare Laser Warning System-310 (LWS-310)
Partnership History: Collaboration since 2005, Worked together on Advanced Light Helicopter
Programme. Purpose: Strengthen electronic warfare capabilities
➔ Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh released the first edition of Ministry of Defence's bi-annual Hindi
magazine 'Sashakt Bharat'.at South Block, New Delhi.
➔ Matsya-6000 Submersible Part of India's Deep Ocean Mission under the Samudrayan Project
Developed by National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), under the Ministry of Earth Sciences
4th Generation Deep-Ocean Human Submersible Named "Matsya-6000"
Designed to carry 3 people inside a 2.1-meter diameter spherical hull
Aims to enhance India's ocean exploration capabilities
➔ US President Donald Trump introduced a new "gold card" immigration initiative, replacing the EB-
5 visa program. For a $5 million investment, wealthy foreign investors can gain a path to U.S.
citizenship and permanent residency.
The existing EB-5 program, established in 1990, requires a minimum investment of $1.05 million
(or $800,000 in distressed areas) to create or preserve jobs.
➔ Mount Taranaki --Taranaki Maunga (New Zealand’s 2nd-highest mountain in North Island) was
granted legal personhood becoming the third natural feature (after Te Urewera park in 2014 and
Whanganui River in 2017) in the country to receive this status. It will now be officially recognized
by its M āori name, replacing the colonial name Mount Egmont. M āori are the indigenous tribes
(Iwi) of New Zealand.
Type: Stratovolcano (composite cone) with a symmetrical shape. Status: Snow-capped dormant
volcano.
Formation: Result of Pacific Plate subducting beneath the Australian Plate.
➔ Japan launches a navigation satellite on a new flagship rocket for an improved positioning system
--Key points about the launch: Satellite name: Michibiki No. 6
Rocket used: H-3 rocket
Purpose: To improve the precision of Japan's positioning system
System name: Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS)
Launch location: Tanegashima Space Center
➔ International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)
IBCA becomes a full-fledged Treaty based International Organization. India's Ministry of External
Affairs (MEA) confirmed its official enforcement.
Five countries have ratified the agreement: Republic of Nicaragua, Kingdom of Eswatini, Republic
of India, Federal Republic of Somalia, Republic of Liberia,
Ratification done under Article VIII (1) of the Framework Agreement.
➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are correct
1.The IBCA was launched by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 9th April,2023, during the
event “Commemorating 50 years of Project Tiger”. The Union Cabinet approved the establishment
of IBCA with headquarters in India.
2.It was launched with the aim of conservation of seven big cats - Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow
Leopard, Cheetah, Jaguar and Puma – with membership of all UN countries/the range countries
harbouring the said species and non-range countries where historically these species are not
found but interested to support big cat conservation.
3.The IBCA was established by Government of India, through the nodal organisation viz., National
Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change
(MoEFCC).
a) 1 only
b) Both 1 and 2
c) Both 1 and 3
d) All of the above
ans d
➔ U.K. to become first country to criminalise AI child abuse tools Britain said it will also be illegal to
possess AI “padeophile manauals” which teach people how to use AI to sexually abuse children,
punishable by up to 3 years in prison. The government will make it illegal to possess, create or
distribute AI tools designed to generate sexualised images of children, punishable by up to five
years in prison, Interior Minister Yvette Cooper revealed.
➔ Ms. Sumita Dawra, Secretary, Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India, led the
Indian delegation at the first G20 Employment Working Group (EWG) meeting under the South
African Presidency, held from 18-21 February 2025 at Port Elizabeth, South Africa.
Discussions were held on two priority issues namely, (i) Inclusive Growth and Youth Employment,
(ii) Social Security and Digitalisation for an Inclusive Future of Work.
➔ India-Argentina Lithium Cooperation
MoU Signed Between MECL (India) and Catamarca Provincial Government (Argentina)
Focus on lithium exploration and resource development
Significance of Argentina
Part of the Lithium Triangle (rich in lithium reserves) Key partner for India9s electric vehicle &
renewable energy sector
Expected Outcomes
Boost lithium exploration projects, Enhance resource security for India, New opportunities for
Indian companies in Latin American mining
➔ India's Election to Vice Presidency of IALA
India elected as Vice President of the International Organization of Aids to Marine Navigation
(IALA) in Singapore.
IALA transitions from a non-governmental organization (NGO) to an inter-governmental
organization (IGO) during its first General Assembly.
Highlights India’s leadership in maritime affairs and commitment to sustainable and secure marine
navigation.
Upcoming Events in India: IALA Council Meeting – December 2025
IALA Conference & General Assembly – September 2027, Mumbai
Strengthens India’s role in maritime safety, navigational aids, and global cooperation in the
maritime sector
➔ SOUL Leadership Conclave 2025
Inauguration By: Prime Minister Narendra Modi
Venue: Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi
Edition: First-ever SOUL Leadership Conclave
Purpose: Premier platform for leadership insights
Key Features
Leaders from politics, sports, arts, media, spirituality, business, public policy, and social sectors
Sharing life journeys and leadership experiences
Discussions on leadership challenges, failures, and successes
Promotes collaboration, learning, and inspiration for youth
➔ India’s Chairmanship of Bay of Bengal Inter Governmental Organisation – India Assumes
Chairmanship
Took over from Bangladesh
Event: 13th Governing Council Meeting
Location: Malé, Maldives
Attended by Sri Lanka, Maldives, and Bangladesh representatives
Key Focus Areas
Marine resource management Training & capacity building programs
Research & policy advocacy
Addressing Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) fishing
Resolving regional issues
 Expected Benefits--
Strengthening the blue economy
Balancing economic growth with marine ecosystem protection
Poverty alleviation through regional cooperation
➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are incorrect
1. Iran's Revolutionary Guards have received their first drone and helicopter launching capable
ship, converted from a commercial vessel into a mobile naval platform. Named the Shahid
Beheshti, this ship enhances Iran's defense capabilities in distant waters, with a significant runway
and year-long operational capacity without refueling.
2.Myanmar launched "Operation Devil Hunt" to address political violence and unrest, resulting in
the arrest of over 1,300 individuals.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the Above
Ans B

➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are incorrect

1. In a historic scientific breakthrough, Australian researchers have successfully created the first
ever kangaroo embryos using in vitro fertilisation (IVF), The Guardian reported. This achievement
marks the first time a kangaroo embryo has been produced through intracytoplasmic sperm
injection (ICSI), a technique widely used in human fertility treatments.
2.Australia passed tough anti-hate crime laws, including mandatory minimum sentences for terror
offences and displaying hate symbols, in a bid to tackle a recent surge in antisemitism. The laws
will impose minimum jail sentences between 12 months for less serious hate crimes, such as
giving a Nazi salute in public, and six years for those found guilty of terrorism offences.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the Above
ans D

➔ Panama’s Exit from China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) - Announced by President Jose Raul
Mulino.
Decision influenced by U.S. pressure to limit China's influence in the Panama Canal
About China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) -- A strategic project by China, Aims to connect Asia,
Africa, and Europe through land and maritime networks, Focuses on regional integration, trade
expansion, and economic growth
The BRI comprises a Silk Road Economic Belt 3 a trans-continental passage that links China with
Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Russia and Europe by land.

➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are correct

1. The 2025 BRICS summit will be the seventeenth annual BRICS summit, held in Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil.
2.Google unveiled its largest campus in India4Ananta, meaning inginite or limitless in sanskrit--
one of google's largest campuses in the world. Located in mahadevapuram, bengluru, karnataka.
3. Mount Dukono, located in Indonesia’s North Maluku province has erupted, prompting the
country’s Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation Centre to issue an aviation warning.
a) 1 only b) Both 1 and 2 c) Both 1 and 3 d) All of the above ANS D

➔ Guinea Eliminates Sleeping Sickness (HAT)

 WHO congratulates Guinea for eliminating the gambiense form of human African trypanosomiasis
(HAT). It is the first neglected tropical disease to be eliminated in the country.
HAT (Sleeping Sickness): Caused by infected tsetse flies (vector-borne parasitic disease).
Symptoms: Early stage: Fever, headaches, joint pain. Advanced stage: Neurological issues
(confusion, sleep disruption, behavioral changes).
➔ SwaRail Super App - Introduced by : Ministry of Railways
Purpose: Combines multiple railway services into one app
Development: Created by Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS)
Current Status: Beta phase
Availability: Downloadable on Google Play Store and Apple App Store
Key Benefits: Enhanced user experience, Single platform for railway services, Reduces need for
multiple apps, Optimizes storage space on devices The President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu
inaugurated New Delhi World Book Fair 2025 in New Delhi.
➔ Nirmala Sitharaman creates history with 8th consecutive Union Budget With this budget—Nirmala
Sitharaman moves closer to the all time record of ten Union Budgets held by former Prime
Minister Morarji Desai. Desai’s record was set across two separate tenures, with six budgets
presented between 1959 and 1964 during his time as Finance Minister, and four more from 1967
to 1969.
➔ Key Features of Budget 2025-2026 Budget Estimates 2025-26
The total receipts other than borrowings and the total expenditure are estimated at ₹ 34.96 lakh
crore and ₹ 50.65 lakh crore respectively.
The net tax receipts are estimated at ₹ 28.37 lakh crore.
The fiscal deficit is estimated to be 4.4 per cent of GDP.
The gross market borrowings are estimated at ₹ 14.82 lakh crore.
Capex Expenditure of ₹11.21 lakh crore (3.1% of GDP) earmarked in FY2025-26.

Agriculture as the 1st Engine of Development

Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana
100 agri districts with low productivity & moderate crop intensity.
1.7 crore farmers to benefit.
Aatmanirbharta in Pulses
6-year mission focusing on Tur, Urad & Masoor. NAFED & NCCF to procure pulses for the next 4
years.
Makhana Board in Bihar-- Focus on production, processing, value addition & marketing.
Fisheries Development-- Sustainable harnessing of Indian Exclusive Economic Zone & High Seas.
Special focus on Andaman & Nicobar & Lakshadweep Islands.
Enhanced Credit through KCC-- Loan limit increase from ₹3 lakh to ₹5 lakh under Modified
Interest Subvention Scheme.
Urea Plant in Assam-- 12.7 lakh metric tons annual capacity at Namrup, Assam.

MSMEs as the 2nd Engine of Development

Revision in MSME Classification
Investment & turnover limits enhanced to 2.5x and 2x respectively.
Credit Cards for Micro Enterprises --Customized credit cards with a ₹5 lakh limit for micro
enterprises. 10 lakh cards to be issued in the first year.
Fund of Funds for Startups --New Fund of Funds with an expanded scope. ₹10,000 crore fresh
contribution.
Scheme for First-time Entrepreneurs-- Support for 5 lakh women, SC, and ST entrepreneurs. Term-
loans up to ₹2 crore over the next 5 years.
Support for Food Processing --National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship &
Management to be set up in Bihar.
 INVESTMENT AS THE 3RD ENGINE OF DEVELOPMENT
Investing in People --
Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0
50,000 Atal Tinkering Labs to be set up in Government schools in next 5 years.
Broadband Connectivity to Government Secondary Schools and PHCs.
Bharatiya Bhasha Pustak Scheme announced to provide digital-form Indian language books for
school and higher education.
Additional infrastructure to be created in the 5 IITs started after 2014 to facilitate education for
6,500 more students.
A Centre of Excellence in Artificial Intelligence for education to be set up with a total outlay of ₹
500 crore.
10,000 additional seats to be added in medical colleges and hospitals next year, adding to 75000
seats in the next 5 years.
PM SVANidhi - Scheme to be revamped with enhanced loans from banks, UPI linked credit cards
with ₹ 30,000 limit, and capacity building support.

INVESTMENT AS THE 3RD ENGINE OF DEVELOPMENT

Investing in the Economy
Infrastructure-related ministries to come up with a 3-year pipeline of projects in PPP mode, States
also encouraged.
Jal Jeevan Mission- Mission to be extended until 2028 with an enhanced total outlay.
Shipbuilding, Maritime Development Fund, UDAN - Regional Connectivity Scheme
Greenfield Airport in Bihar
Western Koshi Canal Project in Mithilanchal
Investing in Innovation
Research, Development and Innovation
10,000 fellowships for technological research in IITs and IISc with enhanced financial support.
2nd Gene Bank with 10 lakh germplasm lines to be set up for future food and nutritional security.
A National Geospatial Mission announced to develop foundational geospatial infrastructure and
data.
A Gyan Bharatam Mission for survey, documentation and conservation of our manuscript heritage
with academic institutions, museums, libraries and private collectors to be undertaken to cover
more than 1 crore manuscripts announced.
➔ The Union Budget 2025-26, presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, has raised the
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) limit in the insurance sector from 74% to 100%.

➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are correct

1.The Central Zoo Authority (CZA) has approved a proposal to set up a white tiger breeding centre
in Madhya Pradesh’s Rewa district.
2.The proposed Aravali Safari Park, which is planned to be the world’s largest safari park, is located
in Haryana.
3.India’s first zoo-based wildlife biobank has been established at the Padmaja Naidu Himalayan
Zoological Park (PNHZP) in Darjeeling, West Bengal.
a) 1 only b) Both 1 and 2 c) Both 1 and 3 d) All of the above ANSD

➔ India’s Solar Power Milestone

Historic Achievement: Surpassed 100 GW of installed solar power capacity
Global Leadership: Strengthens India’s position in renewable energy
Future Target: Aims for 500 GW of non-fossil fuel energy by 2030
Massive Growth: 2014: 2.82 GW
 2025: 100 GW (3450% increase)
Current Status (as of Jan 31, 2025):
Installed Capacity: 100.33 GW
Under Implementation: 84.10 GW
Under Tendering: 47.49 GW
➔ BIMSTEC Youth Summit - Key Objectives Facilitate exchange of experiences and youth-led
initiatives among member countries. Theme: Youth as a Bridge for Intra BIMSTEC Exchange
Harness youth energy to achieve regional shared goals.
Support India's efforts towards achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.
Key Objectives of the Summit
Inspire young leaders to engage in solving global, economic, and social challenges. Encourage
dialogue on strategic issues to empower youth.
Generate innovative ideas for a sustainable and prosperous future.
➔ Union Minister of Textiles Shri Giriraj Singh visits Bharat Tex 2025 at Bharat Mandapam Bharat Tex
2025 Theme: Resilient global value chains and textile sustainability.
➔ India's First Open-Air Art Wall Museum –
Inaugurated by: Dr. Jitendra Singh
Location: Mausam Bhawan, IMD headquarters, Lodhi Road, Delhi
Purpose: Celebrates 150 years of the India Meteorological Department (IMD)
Developed in collaboration with: Delhi Street Art
Features: Transforms IMD9s walls into a visual representation of meteorological history
Showcases India's weather science advancements and their impact on society
➔ Jhumoir Binandini 2025 – Key Highlights
Event: Mega Jhumoir Programme
Location: Guwahati, Assam
Chief Guest: Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi
Participants: 8,000 performers showcasing Jhumoir dance
Cultural Significance: Traditional folk dance of Assam's Tea Tribe & Adivasi Communities
Represents unity, inclusivity, and cultural pride Showcases Assam's rich cultural heritage
Historical Importance: Marks 200 years of Assam's tea industry
Celebrates 200 years of industrialization in Assam
➔ Global Investors Summit 2025
Union Minister Shri Ashwini Vaishnaw joined via video conferencing
Occasion: Second day of Global Investors Summit 2025 in Bhopal
Announcements & Highlights
Congratulated HLBS for its new plant on Mahashivratri, First Made in India semiconductor chip to
be ready for production by 2025
About HLBS--
Technology company with a manufacturing unit in Bhopal
Upcoming R&D and manufacturing facility in Bhopal IT Park
Focus on high-tech & innovative products for domestic & global markets
Aims to provide cost-effective electronic solutions for the common masses

➔ Which among the following statements given below is/are incorrect

1. n a major breakthrough, Karnataka has been declared Naxal-free following the surrender of a
Naxalite in Chikkamagaluru district. Superintendent of Police (SP) Vikram Amathe confirmed the
development, stating, "With this surrender, Karnataka is now Naxal-free."
2.Madhya Pradesh is set to establish the country's first Artificial Intelligence (AI) university, aiming
to foster research, development, and collaboration in AI and related fields.
a) 1 only b) 2 only c) Both 1 and 2 d) None of the Above ans b
➔ Which state has launched initiatives like "Nirbhaya Kadhi," "Mo Gelha Jiya," and "Veerangana
Yojana" for adolescent girls' welfare?
a) Rajasthan b) Madhya Pradesh c) West Bengal d) Odisha ans d

➔ IIT’S IN NEWS
IIT INDORE --- MeitY in association with IIT Indore launched AgriHub, AI Driven Center of
Excellence to revolutionize Indian Agriculture, a collaborative platform to empower farmers,
researchers, and breeders with innovative agritech solutions.
IIT HYDERABAD-- Large Area Additive Manufacturing Technology DRDO-Industry-Academia
Centre of Excellence at IIT Hyderabad successfully demonstrated the LAAM System, one of India's
largest metal 3D printers. This indigenously designed system utilizes Laser and Blown Powder
Directed Energy Deposition technology with dual heads.
IIT GUWAHATI---Army inks deal with IIT Guwahati for bamboo-based bunkers at high altitudes.
The project entails the construction of multiple defence works for field trials to withstand small-
arms fire and an entire weather cycle.
IIT MADRAS-- Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) and ISRO have led the way in
developing and successfully booting an Atmanirbhar aerospace quality SHAKTI-based
Semiconductor Chip
The SHAKTI class of systems are based on RISC-V, an open-source Instruction Set Architecture
(ISA), for designing custom processors.
SHAKTI is backed by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India,
under its 8Digital India RISC-V9 initiative (DIRV). It aims to promote indigenous development of
microprocessor based products that offer best-in-class security and visibility for users adopting
RISC-V technology.
The IRIS (Indigenous RISCV Controller for Space Applications) Chip was developed from SHAKTI
processor baseline. It can be used in diverse domains from IoT and compute systems for strategic
needs.
➔ Indian astronaut Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla will be the pilot of the upcoming Axiom-4
mission to the International Space Station (ISS).
Group Captain Shukla, who is also one of the four astronaut-designates selected for India's
Gaganyaan mission, will become the first Indian astronaut to go to the ISS and the first Indian to
go to space in the last 40 years.
➔ NASA has selected SpaceX of Starbase, Texas, to provide the launch service for the agency’s
Pandora mission, which will study at least 20 known exoplanets and their host stars to find out
how changes in stars affect our observations of exoplanet atmospheres.
The selection is part of NASA’s Venture-Class Acquisition of Dedicated and Rideshare (VADR)
launch services contract. This contract allows the agency to make fixed-price indefinite-
delivery/indefinite-quantity awards during VADR’s five-year ordering period, with a maximum total
value of $300 million across all contracts.
➔ Tata Elxsi and Garuda Aerospace signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) at Aero India
2025.
- Establishing a Centre of Excellence for indigenised UAV design and development.
- Focus on UAV systems for defence, agriculture, and smart city applications.
➔ Biolumpivaxin - Key Highlights
Developed by: Biovet (Bharat Biotech’s animal health arm)
Approval: Received nod from the Indian drug regulator (CDSCO)
Purpose: Vaccine for Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in dairy cattle and buffaloes Production Goal: 500
million doses annually
Launch: Planned soon
Unique Feature: World’s first & safest DIVA (Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals)
marker vaccine
 Dosage: Single-dose vaccine Given once a year to cattle & buffaloes above 3 months of age
➔ Microsoft introduced Majorana 1, the world’s first quantum chip powered by a new Topological
Core architecture that it expects will realize quantum computers capable of solving meaningful,
industrial-scale problems in years, not decades.
➔ Mrs. Nita Ambani was conferred with the prestigious Governor’s Citation by the Hon’ble Maura
Healey, Governor of Massachusetts, recognizing her as a visionary leader, compassionate
philanthropist, and true global changemaker.

➔ Winners Announced: 2025 EE BAFTA Film Awards

Conclave won four BAFTAs: Best Film; Outstanding British Film, Adapted Screenplay and Editing.
The Brutalist won four BAFTAs: Director for Brady Corbet, Leading Actor for Adrien Brody,
Cinematography and Original Score.
Adrien Brody wins Leading Actor for The Brutalist Mikey Madison wins Leading Actress for Anora
Warwick Davis receives the BAFTA Fellowship
Tom Cruise honored by the Great Medal of the Aero-Club of France for his contribution to the
history of aviation and for inspiring the pilots of tomorrow.
Bad Girl, the debut feature film by director Varsha Bharath, has won the NETPAC Award at the
International Film Festival Rotterdam (IFFR) 2025.
The Tamil coming-of-age drama is presented by ace filmmakers Anurag Kashyap and Vetri
Maaran.
➔ At the 2025 Grammy Awards, Indian-American vocalist and entrepreneur Chandrika Tandon won
the Grammy for Best New Age, Ambient, or Chant Album for her album Triveni.
➔ NTPC Ltd., India’s largest integrated power utility, has been honoured with Forward Faster
Sustainability Award 2025 in the Water Resilience category. The award was presented at a
ceremony organised by the UN Global Compact Network India (UN GCNI) in Chennai on 13th
February.
➔ GRAMMYS
Record Of The Year-"Not Like Us" 3 Kendrick Lamar - WINNER
Album Of The Year- COWBOY CARTER 3 Beyoncé - WINNER
Song Of The Year- "Not Like Us" 4 Kendrick Lamar, songwriter (Kendrick Lamar) - WINNER
Best New Artist- Chappell Roan - WINNER
Songwriter of the Year, Non-Classical- Amy Allen - WINNER
➔ Purnima Devi Barman - Time Magazine's Women of the Year 2025
Recognized by Time Magazine as one of the Women of the Year 2025
Profession: Biologist and Wildlife Conservationist
Achievement: Known for saving one of the world’s most endangered storks Age: 45 years
Significance: Only Indian woman on the list
Featured among 12 global honorees
Honored for working towards a better, more equal world
➔ According to the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) 2024 by Transparency International, India
ranks 96th among 180 countries, with a score of 38.
1. India has made significant progress in mobile and electronics manufacturing. From just 2 mobile
manufacturing units in 2014 to over 300 today, the sector has expanded rapidly.
2. The value of mobile phone manufacturing has grown substantially: • FY14: ₹18,900 Cr • FY24:
₹4,22,000 Cr Exports, which were negligible in 2014, have now crossed ₹1,29,000 Cr.
3. Mobile phone manufacturing in India has generated 12 lakh direct and indirect jobs in the past
decade.
4. 'Make in India' has driven the domestic production of key electronics ranging from chargers,
battery packs to camera modules, display modules etc.
5.India is shifting gears by deepening the value chain of manufacturing with a strong focus on the
development of semiconductor chips and finer components.
➔ HENLEY PASSPORT INDEX
01 -Visa-free score - 193 Singapore
02-Visa-free score - 190 Japan , South Korea
03-Visa-free score - 189 Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Spain
80-Visa-free score - 56 Algeria, Equatorial Guinea, India, Tajikistan
➔ OBITUARIES
Horst Koehler, former German president and IMF chief, dies at 81
Aga Khan, spiritual leader of Ismaili Muslims and a philanthropist, dies at 88
The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi condoled the demise of Mahant Satyendra Das Ji, the chief
priest of Ram Janmabhoomi temple.
Karnataka: Halakki folk artist and Padmashri awardee Sukri Bommagowda passes away.
➔ BOOKS
diyasilai- kailash satyarthi
i am a soldier's wife- geetika lidder
the new icon (savarkar and the facts)- arun shourie
➔ Appointments --
H.E. Mr. Bart De Wever assumed the office of Prime Minister of Belgium.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi has congratulated Smt. Rekha Gupta on taking oath as
Chief Minister of Delhi.
Gyanesh Kumar assumed office as the 26th Chief Election Commissioner of India.
Kash Patel becomes first Indian-American FBI director, takes oath on Bhagavad Gita.
Greece’s parliament elected its former speaker, Constantine Tassoulas, as the country’s president. J
otham Napat has been elected as Vanuatu's prime minister.
➔ IMPORTANT DATES OF FEBRUARY
04-World Cancer Day 2025 ,The World Cancer Day theme 2025-2027,United by Unique , places
people at the centre of care and explores new ways of making a difference.
10-World Pulses Day 2025 , Pulses: Bringing diversity to agrifood systems , The International Day
of the Arabian Leopard
13-World Radio Day 2025 , Radio and Climate Change
20-World Day of Social Justice in 2025 , Empowering Inclusion: Bridging Gaps for Social Justice
21-International Mother Language Day 2025 , Silver Jubilee Celebration of International Mother
Language Day.
28-National Science Day 2025 , Empowering Indian Youth for Global Leadership in Science &
Innovation for Viksit Bharat
➔ Swavalambini – Women Entrepreneurship Programme
Initiative to promote women entrepreneurship in the Northeast
Launched by: Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship (MSDE) and NITI Aayog
States Covered: Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram
Target Group: Female students in selected Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)
Objective: Develop an entrepreneurial mindset, Provide resources and mentorship, Support their
entrepreneurial journey
➔ Rural Development Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan inaugurated the National Geospatial
Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations (#NAKSHA) in 152 urban local bodies across
26 States and three Union Territories in Madhya Pradesh. The programme aims to create and
update land records in urban areas to ensure accurate and reliable documentation of land
ownership.

MARCH 2025
➔ Odisha government declared Similipal Tiger Reserve as India’s 107th national park. ? It becomes
Odisha's second national park after Bhitarkanika.
 45-Year Wait Ends -Proposal was pending since 1980 finally notified after 45 years.
Unique Pseudo-Melanistic Tigers- Due to a genetic mutation, Similipal tigers have darker coats,
thick black stripes, and less yellow – known as pseudo-melanism.
Madhav National Park is now India’s 58th Tiger Reserve
Located in Madhya Pradesh
Declared on March 9, 2025 (Sunday)
Announcement made by Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav
It’s the 9th tiger reserve from Madhya Pradesh
➔ PM Surya Ghar: Muft Bijli Yojana (PMSGMBY)
World's Largest Rooftop Solar Initiative
✅ 10.09 lakh rooftop solar systems installed (as of 10th March 2025)
Launched by PM Modi on 13th February 2024
Goal: 1 crore households with free solar electricity
Benefits to Households ⚡ Free electricity via rooftop solar
Reduces carbon emissions =100 trees per home

Financial Support & Loans

12 Public Sector Banks offer collateral-free loans
Subsidized interest rate: 6.75% for loans up to ₹2 lakh
Investment as low as ₹15,000 for 3KW system
Return up to ₹15 lakh over 25 years

Easy Online Process

Apply at: www.pmsuryaghar.gov.in
Fully automated for application, vendor selection & subsidy
Subsidy credited within 15 days

➔ Prime Minister’s Young Authors Mentorship Scheme (YUVA) Scheme

Launched by: Ministry of Education (MoE) & National Book Trust (NBT)
Target group: Young writers under 30 years
Goal: Mentorship & exposure for creative writing
Based on: Success of YUVA 1.0 & 2.0
Vision: Promote reading, writing, book culture
Aligned with: Ek Bharat, Shreshtha Bharat vision
Focus: Document & spread India's cultural heritage

➔ IPL 2025: Kohli becomes first batter to score 1000 boundaries in tournament. boundaries in
tournament. boundaries in tournament. Star batter Virat Kohli etched his Star batter Virat Kohli
etched his name in history by becoming the Star batter Virat Kohli etched his name in history by
becoming the name in history by becoming the first Indian to score 13,000 runs in T20 cricket. first
Indian to score 13,000 runs in T20 cricket. first Indian to score 13,000 runs in T20 cricket. 500+
runs in 8 different seasons
➔ The 1st edition of Khelo India Para Games, held in December 2023, was organized in seven sports
disciplines across three venues in New Delhi. The second edition of KIPG were held at three venues
in the capital between March 20-27, 2025. Competition took place in six sports.
➔ In Cricket, Sachin Tendulkar led India Masters clinched the inaugural International Masters League
T20 title beating Brian Lara’s West Indies Masters by 6 wickets at the Shaheed Veer Narayan Singh
International Stadium in Raipur.
➔ India won the ICC Champions Trophy 2025 Final in Dubai, beating New Zealand by four wickets --
player of tournament- rachin ravindra (NZ)
player of match – rohit sharma (IND)
➔ WPL 2025 final -Mumbai Indians claimed the Women’s Premier League (WPL) 2025 title after
beating Delhi Capitals by eight runs in the final at the Brabourne Stadium in Mumbai.
➔ In Table Tennis, India’s Manav Thakkar created history by becoming the first Indian to qualify for
the final eight of a WTT Star Contender event. He defeated Andre Bertelsmeier of Germany, 3-2 in
the men’s singles prequarterfinal at the WTT Star Contender in Chennai.
➔ Miami Open 2025
Nineteen-year-old Czech Jakub Mensik defeats Novak Djokovic in final, wins first ATP trophy
Novak Djokovic: - Oldest ever to reach an ATP Masters 1000 final
➔ Anahat Singh & Kareem El Torkey Win Indian Open 2025 Squash Titles - The Indian Open 2025
PSA Copper event, held in Mumbai, concluded with India's Anahat Singh and Egypt's Kareem El
Torkey winning the women's and men's singles titles, respectively.
➔ Shi Yu Qi & An Se-young won All England Badminton 2025 Singles Title
Shi Yu Qi of China and An Se-young of South Korea respectively won the men’s and women’s
singles titles at the All England Open Championships 2025 in Birmingham, England.
➔ Indian Grandmaster Pranav Venkatesh has won the 2025 World Junior Chess Championship,
becoming the seventh Indian to achieve this title. Location: Petrovac, Montenegro. The seventh
Indian to win the World Junior Chess Championship title.
➔ Japan become first nation to qualify for FIFA World Cup 2026 with victory over Bahrain. Hosting of
the tournament will be shared between Canada, Mexico and the USA .
➔ The sixth edition of the Asian Women’s Kabaddi Championship was held from March 6 to 8, 2025.
India won the Asian Women’s Kabaddi Championship 2025 title in Tehran, the Islamic Republic of
Iran, with a 32-25 victory over the hosts in the final.
➔ India Creates History: Clinches Both Men’s & Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025 Titles! India
achieved a historic double victory at the Kabaddi World Cup 2025, winning both the men’s and
women’s titles in Wolverhampton, UK.
➔ Sunil Kumar wins bronze in Asian Wrestling Championship 2025. Indian wrestler Sunil Kumar won
the bronze medal in the 87kg Greco Roman bout of the Asian Championship in Jordan.
➔ The Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF) has changed its name to Commonwealth Sports
under the ‘More in Common’ brand campaign. The announcement was made on the occasion of
Commonwealth Day, an annual celebration of the Commonwealth of Nations held on the second
Monday in March.
➔ The Indian contingent bagged six medals, including a gold and a silver, at the World Boxing Cup
Brazil 2025 at Foz Do Iguacu. Indian boxers bagged one gold, one silver and four bronze medals.
Hitesh Gulia became the first Indian boxer to clinch a gold medal in the World Boxing Cup.
➔ Saurabh Chaudhary & Suruchi Singh won bronze in the 10m Air Pistol Mixed Team event ?
Event: ISSF World Cup 2025, Buenos Aires India’s total medal tally: 4 Gold, 2 Silver, 2 Bronze. India
finished 2nd in the overall medal standings. China topped the table with 11 medals (5G, 3S, 3B) .
➔ India at ISSF World Cup (Peru Leg): India finished 3rd overall with 7 medals: 2 Gold 4 Silver ?
Bronze.
Simranpreet Kaur Brar won silver in Women's 25m Pistol — her first-ever ISSF medal � � USA
also won 7 medals, but ranked 2nd due to more.
China topped the table with: 4 Gold 3Silver 6 Bronze
India at Asian U18 Athletics Championships 2025 (Dammam, Saudi Arabia)
Total Medals: 11 total 1 Gold 5 Silver 5 Bronze
Highlight: Himanshu Jakhar won India’s only gold in boys' javelin throw on the final day of the
championship
India scripts history at the 2nd Asian Yogasana Sport Championship 2025! Team dominated the
event in New Delhi, clinching a record 83 gold medals.
➔ Dhoni becomes first keeper to complete 200 dismissals in IPL history In his 271st IPL appearance,
Dhoni made his 200th and 201st dismissal with a stumping and a catch.
➔ Sri Lankan spin allrounder Kamindu Mendis has become the first man to switch his bowling arm
 during an over in the IPL. He did it in his debut game for Sunrisers Hyderabad against Kolkata
Knight Riders at Eden Gardens.
➔ Vaibhav Suryavanshi, a 14-year-old, lit up the Sawai Mansingh Stadium with a record-breaking
century against Gujarat Titans. The left-handed batter smashed the star-studded Gujarat Titans
bowling attack all around the ground to complete his century off 35 balls.
➔ In Football, Mohun Bagan Super Giant clinched the Indian Super League (ISL) 2024-25 title
following a 2-1 victory over Bengaluru FC at the Vivekananda Yuba Bharati Krirangan Stadium in
Kolkata.
➔ Barcelona beats Real Madrid in extra time to win Copa del Rey final Barcelona has beaten Real
Madrid 3-2 in extra time to claim a record extending 32nd Copa del Rey title and launch its bid for
a treble.
➔ Brazil named as hosts of FIFA Women’s World Cup 2027 Brazil beat a joint bid by Belgium, the
Netherlands, and Germany, bringing the women’s football World Cup to South America for the
first time. Brazil hosted the men’s football World Cups in 1950 and 2014; now it’s time for women.
This will be the first Women's World Cup to be held in South America
➔ Jasprit Bumrah and Smriti Mandhana have been named Wisden’s Leading Cricketers in the World
for 2024, marking a historic double for India. Bumrah’s record-breaking year included taking 86
wickets and winning the T20 World Cup, while Mandhana set a new women's international record
with 1,659 international runs.
➔ Archery World Cup 2025 Auburndale: Dhiraj Bommadevara stars on final day as India finish with
four medals Dhiraj won an individual bronze in style after winning silver in the men’s team with
Tarundeep Rai and Atanu Das. Deepika Kumari missed out on a podium finish.
➔ Archery World Cup 2025 Auburndale: Dhiraj Bommadevara stars on final day as India finish with
four medals Dhiraj won an individual bronze in style after winning silver in the men’s team with
Tarundeep Rai and Atanu Das. Deepika Kumari missed out on a podium finish.

➔ EXERCISE DESERT HUNT 2025

Type: Integrated Tri-Service Special Forces exercise
Conducted By: Indian Air Force
Location: Air Force Station, Jodhpur
Participants: Para (Special Forces) – Indian Army Marine Commandos – Indian Navy Garud (Special
Forces) – Indian Air Force
Purpose: Joint training in a simulated combat environment

➔ INDIA- KYRGYZSTAN JOINT SPECIAL FORCES EXERCISE KHANJAR-XII

The 12th edition of the India-Kyrgyzstan Joint Special Forces Exercise KHANJAR XII took place in
Kyrgyzstan.
The last edition of the same exercise was conducted in India in January 2024.
The Indian contingent is represented by troops from The Parachute Regiment (Special Forces) and
the Kyrgyzstan contingent is represented by Kyrgyz Scorpion Brigade.

➔ EXERCISE DUSTLIK-VI
India-Uzbekistan Joint Military Exercise - DUSTLIK-VI
Location: Foreign Training Node, Aundh (Pune)
Edition: 6th
Type: Annual joint training exercise
Alternates between India & Uzbekistan
Last edition: April 2024 in Termez District, Uzbekistan
Participants: Indian side: 60 personnel from JAT Regiment & Indian Air Force (IAF)
Uzbek side: Personnel from Uzbekistan Army
➔ ‘OPERATION BRAHMA’
In a swift response to the devastating earthquake that struck Myanmar on 28th March 2025, the
Indian Army, under ‘Operation Brahma’, deployed a specialised medical task force to provide
urgent humanitarian assistance.
This humanitarian assistance underlines India’s commitment to its ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy
and the timeless Indian ethos of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’ – the world is one family.

➔ EXERCISE INIOCHOS-25
The Indian Air Force (IAF) participated in the multinational air exercise INIOCHOS-25, which began
in Greece. The 12-day exercise, hosted by Greece’s Hellenic Air Force, took place at Andravida Air
Base in the historic region of Elis.
A biennial (every 2 years) multinational air
exercise Included 15 countries
Featured realistic combat scenarios
Provided a platform for sharing tactics & building trust

➔ EXERCISE TIGER TRIUMPH 2025

4th edition of India–US bilateral tri-service HADR (Humanitarian Assistance & Disaster Relief)
Exercise Tiger Triumph
Focus: Disaster Relief + Amphibious Combat Training
Harbour Phase: at Visakhapatnam
Sea Phase & DV Day: at Kakinada
Ex Tiger Triumph was first held in 2019, with the primary aim of strengthening operational
synergies, facilitated by logistics exchange under the Logistics Exchange Memorandum of
Agreement (LEMOA) and towards integrating emerging technologies between the two militaries.

➔ AFRICA INDIA KEY MARITIME ENGAGEMENT (AIKEYME) 2025

The Africa India Key Maritime Engagement (AIKEYME) 2025 was inaugurated in Dar-es-Salaam,
Tanzania, marking a significant step in strengthening maritime cooperation between India and
African nations.
For AIKEYME, the Indian Navy is represented by INS Chennai and INS Kesari.
AIKEYME 25, meaning ‘Unity’ in Sanskrit, was conducted over six days with participation from
Comoros, Djibouti, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles and South Africa,
alongside India and Tanzania.
Objectives Achieved --Strengthened ties between India and African nations Improved
interoperability
Developed collaborative solutions to regional maritime challenges

➔ INDIAN ARMED FORCES CONDUCT TRI-SERVICES EXERCISE PRACHAND PRAHAR

The Indian Armed Forces conducted a multi domain exercise, Prachand Prahar, in Arunachal
Pradesh's high-altitude terrain, incorporating advanced surveillance and precision weaponry from
the Army, Navy, and Air Force. The exercise highlighted joint operational capabilities and
reinforced India's readiness to counter emerging threats along its Northern Borders.

➔ EXERCISE SEA DRAGON

It is a multinational anti-submarine warfare (ASW) drill conducted annually to strengthen maritime
security and cooperation among allied nations in the Indo-Pacific region.
Hosted by the United States Navy’s 7th Fleet at Andersen Air Force Base, Guam, this exercise
focuses on detecting, tracking, and countering submarine threats, a crucial capability given the
rising tensions in the region.
It included Australia, Japan, South Korea, and the United States, with India participating for the
 fourth consecutive year.

➔ EXERCISE DESERT FLAG-10

The IAF reached Al Dhafra Air Base, UAE ?
Participated in Exercise Desert Flag-10 — a premier multinational air combat drill
The IAF fielded MiG-29 and Jaguar aircraft during the exercise
Global Participation Included : Australia, Bahrain, France, Germany, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Republic of
Korea, Turkey, United Arab Emirates (Host), United Kingdom, United States, India

➔ INS RANVIR PARTICIPATES IN EXERCISE BONGOSAGAR 25 AND INDIAN NAVY BANGLADESH

NAVY CORPAT
The India-Bangladesh Naval Exercise Bongosagar 2025 and Coordinated Patrol was conducted in
Bay of Bengal. The exercise saw participation of INS Ranvir from Indian Navy and BNS Abu
Ubaidah from Bangladesh Navy.
The exercise enhanced interoperability between the two navies, facilitating collaborative responses
to shared maritime security challenges.

➔ BILATERAL NAVAL EXERCISE VARUNA 2025

the 23rd edition of the India France naval exercise. It highlighted the strong maritime bond
between the two nations since the exercise began in 2001. VARUNA became a key symbol of
cooperation, boosting naval interoperability and synergy. This edition included complex exercises
across underwater (sub-surface), surface, and air domains.

➔ INDIAN - RUSSIA BILATERAL NAVAL EXERCISE INDRA INDRA 2025 –

14th edition of the India-Russia Naval Exercise
Location: Off the coast of Chennai ⚓ Started in 2003, this exercise reflects a strong naval
friendship. Symbol of strategic partnership & maritime cooperation
Harbour Phase: at Chennai
Sea Phase: Bay of Bengal
Goal: Boost naval teamwork, interoperability, and joint readiness

➔ MINISTRY OF DEFENCE SIGNS $ 248 MILLION DEAL FOR PROCUREMENT OF ENGINES FOR T-72
TANKS FOR INDIAN ARMY
✔ Ministry of Defence signed a contract with Rosoboronexport (RoE) Procurement of 1000 HP
Engines for T-72 Tanks in fully formed, completely knocked down and semi knocked down
conditions.
Technology Transfer (ToT)
From RoE (Russia) ➡ To Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited, Avadi, Chennai
For local integration & licensed production Boosts "Make in India" in defence sector

Why It Matters
T-72 = Main tank of Indian Army
Currently runs on 780 HP engine
Upgrading to 1000 HP = better speed, mobility & power Enhances battlefield performance &
offensive strength

➔ LOW-LEVEL TRANSPORTABLE RADAR (ASHWINI) FOR IAF

Ministry of Defence has inked a capital acquisition contract with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL),
Ghaziabad for the procurement of Low-level Transportable Radar, LLTR (Ashwini) at a cost of Rs
2,906 crore.
Designed by: DRDO's Electronics & Radar Development Establishment
 Tech type: Active electronically scanned phased array radar using solid-state technology � ✈
Tracks everything: From fast jets to drones and helicopters
Boosts the Indian Air Force's readiness and aerial surveillance power ✊

➔ AATMANIRBHAR BHARAT: MOD INKS RS 6,900 CRORE CONTRACTS

Ministry of Defence (MoD) has signed contracts with Bharat Forge Limited and Tata Advanced
System Limited for the procurement of 155mm/52 Calibre Advanced Towed Artillery Gun Systems
(ATAGS) and High Mobility Vehicle 6x6 Gun Towing Vehicles respectively at a total cost of about Rs
6,900 crore. The 155 mm/52 Calibre ATAGS will replace the vintage and smaller calibre guns and
enhance the artillery capabilities of the Indian Army. ATAGS, renowned for its exceptional lethality,
will play a crucial role in bolstering the Army's firepower by enabling precise and long-range
strikes.
➔ AATMANIRBHAR BHARAT: MOD INKS RS 2,500 CRORE CONTRACTS
With: Armoured Vehicle Nigam Ltd – for Nag Missile System (NAMIS-Tr)
Force Motors & Mahindra & Mahindra – for 5,000 Light Vehicles NAMIS (Tr) is one of the most
sophisticated anti-tank weapon system against enemy armour with fire-and-forget anti-tank
missile and sighting system for enhanced firepower and lethality.

Modern Light Vehicles: ⚙ Built with latest vehicle technology

Higher engine power
Can carry 800 kg payload

➔ MOD INKS TWO CONTRACTS WORTH RS 62,700 CRORE WITH HAL FOR SUPPLY OF 156 LCH,
PRACHAND TO THE ARMED FORCES
Total 156 LCH Prachand helicopters to be delivered
✈ 66 for Indian Air Force (IAF)
90 for Indian Army
Deliveries start from 3rd year and spread over next 5 years
LCH is India’s first indigenously designed and developed combat helicopter having a capability of
operating at an altitude of over 5000 meters. (First indigenous combat helicopter – over 65%
made in India).
Ministry of Defence also signed a contract with Metrea Management for Wet Leasing of one Flight
Refuelling Aircraft (FRA) for providing Air to Air refuelling training to pilots of IAF and Indian Navy.

➔ AATMANIRBHAR BHARAT: RS 2,385 CRORE CONTRACT INKED WITH BEL FOR ELECTRONIC
WARFARE SUITES & AIRCRAFT MODIFICATION KITS FOR MI-17 V5 HELICOPTERS
Ministry of Defence has signed a contract with Bharat Electronics Limited, Bengaluru for the
acquisition of Electronic Warfare (EW) Suites and aircraft modification kits as well as their
installation on Mi-17 V5 helicopters, along with associated equipment, for the Indian Air Force at
an overall cost of Rs 2,385.36 crore. The contract, under Buy (Indian-Indigenously Designed
Developed and Manufactured) category, was inked in the presence of Defence Secretary Shri
Rajesh Kumar Singh in New Delhi.
➔ Three Indian ships — INS Shardul, INS Sujata, and ICGS Veera — reached Phuket, Thailand on 1st
March 2025. This visit is part of the First Training Squadron's (1TS) training deployment to South
East Asia. The purpose of the deployment is to provide training and strengthen international naval
relations.
⚓ INS Kuthar – A ship from the Eastern Naval Command, is on a mission in the Indian Ocean
Region. Arrived at Colombo, Sri Lanka Strengthens maritime ties between India & Sri Lanka
‘Neighbourhood First’ – Prioritizing close relations with neighboring countries
SAGAR – Security and Growth for All in the Region
➔ ⚓ INS Imphal made her first port call at Port Louis, Mauritius on 10 March 2025. The ship
 participated in the 57th Mauritius National Day celebrations on 12 March 2025.
➔ INS Imphal was commissioned in December 2023. It was the 3rd destroyer of the Project 15B
(Visakhapatnam class) indigenously built in India.
The second frigate of Project 1135.6 Follow-on Ships, ‘Tavasya’, was launched by Goa Shipyard
Limited (GSL). ⚔ Named ‘Tavasya’, inspired by Bhima’s mace from the Mahabharata — symbol of
strength & spirit of the Indian Navy.
First ship ‘Triput’ launched: 23 Jul 2024 These ships are designed for surface, sub-surface and air
combat operations.
➔ INDUCTION OF FOURTH 25T BOLLARD PULL TUG YUVAN (YARD 338)
was held at Naval Dockyard (Visakhapatnam)
These Tugs have been indigenously designed and built in accordance with the relevant Naval
Rules and Regulation of Indian Register of Shipping (IRS).
Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan, inaugurated Techkriti 2025, Asia’s largest
intercollegiate technical and entrepreneurial festival, at IIT Kanpur. In a Fireside Chat, the CDS gave
insights on the need for advancement and modernisation in the Indian Armed Forces and shared
his perspectives on preparing for emerging challenges of Future Wars, specifically in the Cyber,
Artificial Intelligence, Quantum and Cognitive domains.

➔ DRDO conducts successful Release Trials of Long-Range Glide Bomb ‘Gaurav’ from Su-30 MKI
aircraft. LRGB ‘Gaurav’ is a 1,000 kg class glide bomb, designed and developed indigenously by
Research Centre Imarat, Armament Research and Development Establishment and Integrated Test
Range, Chandipur.
➔ India is set to commission its first dedicated nuclear submarine base, INS Varsha, in Andhra
Pradesh in 2026, as part of Project Varsha, and plans to operationalise its third nuclear-powered
submarine, INS Aridhaman.
What is Project Varsha?
A classified naval infrastructure project launched by the Indian Navy to build INS Varsha, a state-
of-the-art nuclear submarine base. Located near Rambilli, about 50 km south of Visakhapatnam in
Andhra Pradesh.
➔ The Saras Mk2, an updated version of an India designed civilian aircraft, is set to test-fly in
December 2027, Director, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories (CSIR-NAL) told recently. A
bout Saras Mk2
It is a 19-seater, multi-purpose civilian aircraft. It is the first Indian multi-purpose civilian aircraft in
the light transport aircraft category. It is being developed by National Aerospace Laboratories
(NAL), Bengaluru, in collaboration with the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). It is
an upgraded version of the Saras Mk 1. It can be used for multiple purposes, including for medical
emergencies or in the event of natural disasters. It can also help in transporting passengers from
Tier-1 cities to Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities.
➔ The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) has announced plans to raise a special Cobra battalion for
counter terrorist operations in Jammu and Kashmir, 17 years after the jungle warfare unit was
raised in the paramilitary to undertake operations in Naxal-affected states. The new unit will
strengthen the CRPF’s operations in Jammu and Kashmir and will focus on counter-terror actions,
especially in forested regions, including the Jammu area, which has seen several terrorist incidents
recently. This will be the 11th Cobra battalion.
In a landmark moment for India’s armed forces, Lieutenant General AK Ramesh, Commandant of
the College of Military Engineering (CME), flagged off the “Samudra Pradakshina” – an all-women
tri services sailing expedition – from the Indian Naval Watermanship Training Centre (INWTC) in
Mumbai.
➔ Indian Air Force conducted Exercise 'Aakraman,' a series of military drills simulating attacks on
both mountain and ground targets. The exercise showcased India’s advanced fighter jets, including
the Rafale and Su-30MKI, and tested their capabilities in ground attack and electronic warfare.
➔ Operation Kagar, launched by the Ministry of Home Affairs, is aimed at eradicating Naxals and
dismantling the political ideology of Maoism. However, the operation has been marked by
significant casualties among those Maoists who have refused to surrender to the government.
Naxalism, a form of Left Wing Extremism (LWE) inspired by Maoist ideology, seeks to overthrow
the state through armed rebellion (violence and guerrilla warfare).
➔ DEBEL (a DRDO lab in Bengaluru) has successfully conducted high-altitude trials of the Indigenous
On-Board Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS)-based Integrated Life Support System (ILSS) for
the LCA Tejas aircraft.
Where Was It Tested? ?
On LCA Tejas Prototype Vehicle-3, developed by HAL and ADA.
How Was It Tested?
✅ Passed tough trials at 50,000 ft altitude and during high-G maneuvers.
✅ Met strict aeromedical safety standards.
⚙ Why It Matters?
Ensures continuous oxygen supply to pilots Improves pilot safety, aircraft efficiency, and reduces
logistical needs.

➔ DRDO & Indian Navy successfully flight-test indigenously-developed Vertically-Launched Short

Range Surface-to-Air Missile
Where? --Chandipur, Odisha
Key Highlights: The flight-test was carried out from a land-based vertical launcher against a high-
speed aerial target at very close range and low altitude. It has established the Near-Boundary-Low
Altitude capability of the missile system.

Missile showed: ✅ High agility ✅ Pin-point accuracy ✅ Quick turning capability

During the test, the target was completely destroyed by the missile executing the high turn rate
required for engaging targets at very close range, and establishing the missile’s agility, reliability &
pin-point accuracy. The test was conducted with all weapon system elements deployed in combat
configuration.

➔ � � Magazine Name: Samvad (in Hindi) ,Published by: Office of Joint Secretary & Chief
Administrativ Officer (Official Language Section)
Released by: Defence Secretary Shri Rajesh Kumar Singh
Purpose: ✍ Encourage creative writing by personnel, Promote use of Hindi in official work

India's latest air to air missile, Astra MK-III, has been officially renamed Gandiva. It was named after
the legendary bow of Arjuna from the Mahabharata. The missile is currently under development
by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). It is expected to transform aerial
warfare in beyond visual range (BVR).

➔ India becomes 4th nation having capabilities to shoot down fixed wing drone by laser beam
- For the first time, India has showcased its capability to shoot down fixed-wing aircraft, missiles
and swarm drones using a 30-kilowatt laser-based weapon system. India has joined the list of
selected countries, including the US, China, and Russia, that have shown such a capability.
The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS), headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi approved a
nearly ₹63,000-crore deal for the procurement of 26 Rafale-M fighter jets from France for the
Indian Navy.
What’s Included? • 22 Single-Seaters – Carrier-compatible • 4 Twin-Seater Trainers – Not carrier-
compatible
➔ TANUSHKA SINGH -- Flying Officer Tanushka Singh has made history by becoming the first
woman pilot to be permanently assigned to the prestigious Jaguar fighter jet squadron of the
 Indian Air Force (IAF).
DIVYA SHARMA -- Lt Cdr Divya Sharma, Dornier pilot of an elite naval air squadron in the
Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC), has become the "first woman" to be a Qualified Flying
Instructor of the Indian Navy.
KIRSTY COVENTRY -- Kirsty Coventry smashed through the International Olympic Committee’s
glass ceiling to become the organisation’s first female and first African president in its 130 year
history.
SHIRLEY BOTCHWEY -- Shirley Botchwey assumed office as the 7th Secretary General of the
Commonwealth. She became the first African woman to hold this position. She has 20 years of
leadership experience in diplomacy, international relations, governance, and public service.
➔ India takes part in the 69th Session of UNCSW starting in New York
A delegation of the Government of India led by Smt. Annpurna Devi, Union Minister, Women and
Child Development (WCD), participated in the 69th session of the Commission on the Status of
Women, which started on 10th March 2025 at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.
Emphasized increased presence of women in every walk of life. Underscored India’s vision of
Women-led development. Highlighted that India’s key priorities include strengthening education,
increasing women’s workforce participation, their digital and financial inclusion, and zero tolerance
towards all forms of violence against women and girls.
➔ India & Nepal Sign MoU on WASH Sector (Water, Sanitation & Hygiene)
What’s the MoU about?
✅ Strengthening cooperation in the WASH sector
✅ Includes waste management & public health improvement
✅ Aims at clean water & better sanitation for both nations
Key Focus Areas: ?
Capacity Building: Training programs for Nepali officials in water management ? Technology &
Knowledge Sharing:
India to share best practices & expertise with Nepal
Groundwater Management: Joint efforts on monitoring, quality, recharge & rainwater harvesting
Significance: Boosts India-Nepal ties, Promotes regional cooperation, Ensures a healthier, cleaner
future for both nations.
➔ List of Outcomes: Official Visit of Prime Minister of New Zealand, Rt. Hon Christopher Luxon, to
India
Announcements: Start of Free Trade Agreement (FTA) talks between India & New Zealand , Talks
on easing movement of professionals & skilled workers , NZ joins Indo-Pacific Oceans’ Initiative
(IPOI), NZ becomes a member of CDRI (Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure)
Signed Documents: Joint Statement : MoU on Defence Cooperation, Authorized Economic
Operator - Mutual Recognition Agreement (AEO MRA) between the Central Board of Indirect Taxes
and Customs of India (CBIC) and the New Zealand Customs Service, Memorandum of Cooperation
on Horticulture Cooperation, Letter of Intent on Forestry, Education Cooperation Agreement,
Memorandum of Cooperation in Sports Colaboration
➔ Ministry of Rural Development and UNICEF YuWaah signs a Statement of Intent to empower rural
women and youth across India
Focus Areas Connect SHG women to: Jobs, Self-employment, Entrepreneurship, Skill-building,
Boosts female labour force participation in rural areas
Digital Empowerment Initiatives
Launch of Computer Didi Centers
Setup of Didi ki Dukan
Pilot in 5 states:Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan.
- Aim to scale and reach 35 lakh women in 7000+ blocks
Innovative Additions Youth Hub – a smart platform for: Jobs, Ski ling, Volunteering
Create thousands of Lakhpati Didis (women earning ₹1 lakh+ annua ly)
 Promote scalable, sustainable women-led models
➔ The Raisina Dialogue is India’s premier conference on geopolitics and geo economics, focused on
key global challenges. The 10th edition , New Zealand PM Christopher Luxon was the Chief Guest
Theme for 2025: "K ālachakra – People, Peace, and Planet"
Key Discussions (6 Pi lars): 1.Politics Interrupted: Shifting Sands and Rising Tides 2.Resolving the
Green Trilemma: Who, Where, & How
3.Digital Planet: Agents, Agencies and Absences
4.Militant Mercantilism: Trade, Supply Chains & the Exchange Rate Addiction
5.The Tiger's Tale: Rewriting Development with a New Plan
6.Investing in Peace: Drivers, Institutions, & Leadership.

➔ UN chief announces new ‘UN80 Initiative’ to improve efficiencies amid shrinking resources,
uncertainty
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres launched a new project called the ‘UN80 Initiative’. Its
goal is to make the United Nations more efficient and cost-effective. The initiative will suggest
ways to improve how the UN operates. It will also review all tasks assigned to the UN by member
countries, which have increased a lot. Guterres announced this in New York and highlighted the
many global challenges today. He expressed concern about the UN’s shrinking funds and financial
difficulties. The initiative comes at a time of uncertainty and unpredictability in the world.
➔ IIM Ahmedabad signs MoU with UAE to set up first international campus in Dubai
Signed agreement to set up a branch at Dubai International Academic City (DIAC).
New Programme Launch
Starting September 2025:
Full-time 1-year MBA for working professionals & entrepreneurs.
➔ The Shrimad Bhagavad Gita & Bharat Muni’s Natyashastra are now inscribed in UNESCO’s Memory
of the World Register.
Manuscripts of the Bhagavad Gita and Bharat Muni's Natyashastra are among 74 new
documentary heritage collections that have been added to UNESCO's Memory of the World
Register as of April 17, bringing the total number of inscribed collections to 570.
➔ The Indian Prime Minister participated in the 6th BIMSTEC Summit, hosted by Thailand under its
chairmanship, with the theme "BIMSTEC: Prosperous, Resilient, and Open," focusing on enhancing
regional cooperation and addressing key challenges.
Key Highlights of the 6th BIMSTEC Summit
Vision 2030 Document ? Adopted Bangkok Vision 2030 & Summit Declaration
Focus: Economic integration, infrastructure, tech collaboration, & resilience to global challenges
➔ --BIMSTEC Centres of Excellence – India’s Initiative
Disaster Management, Sustainable Maritime Transport, Traditional Medicine, Research & Training
in Agriculture
--Fintech & Energy Cooperation- Linking India’s UPI with BIMSTEC payment systems,
Operationalization of BIMSTEC Energy Centre in Bengaluru, Pilot study on Digital Public
Infrastructure (DPI) for better governance & services.
-- BODHI Program - BIMSTEC for Organized Development of Human Resource Infrastructure,
Training, scholarships, and capacity-building for professionals.
➔ Cancer Care Capacity Building -
Proposed program to boost cancer care expertise in the region
Commerce & Business Integration -
Plan to set up BIMSTEC Chamber of Commerce
Launch of annual BIMSTEC Business Summit

➔ - India’s 21-Point Action Plan – Key Cultural Initiatives

People-to-People Linkages
 BIMSTEC Athletics Meet (2025)
First BIMSTEC Games (2027) – 30th Anniversary
Traditional Music Festival
Young Leaders’ Summit & Hackathon
Young Professional Visitors Program

➔ India-Thailand Strategic Partnership – Key Initiatives

Maritime Cooperation, Defence & Security, Trade & Economic Engagement, Cultural & People-to-
People Ties, Science, Tech & Innovation, Regional & Multilateral Cooperation
➔ Historic Speech by Senator Cory Booker
Who: U.S. Senator Cory Booker (Democrat, New Jersey) ⏱
What: Delivered the longest continuous speech in Senate history
Duration: 25 hours and 5 minutes (beat the old record of 24h 18m)
Purpose: Highlighted a crisis in American democracy under President Trump
Message: Warned against power consolidation & urged support for democratic institutions
➔ Nepal to restrict Mt Everest permits to only those who have already done 7,000m climbs
The move has come following unusual traffic jams, an increase in the deaths of climbers, rapid
glacier melt and the spreading image of Everest as the “world’s highest garbage dump”.
➔ PM Narendra Modi received the ‘Honorary Order of Freedom of Barbados’
He expressed gratitude to the Government & people of Barbados
The award recognizes his strategic leadership ? Also honored for his support during the Covid-19
pandemic.
➔ PM Narendra Modi was the Chief Guest at the 57th National Day of Mauritius.
Highest Civilian Award
PM Modi received the G.C.S.K award (Grand Commander of the Order of the Star and Key of the
Indian Ocean).
This is the first time an Indian leader has been honoured with this award.
➔ Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the NXT Conclave at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi.
He congratulated everyone on the launch of NewsX World.
The network will broadcast in Hindi, English, and regional languages.
NewsX World is now going global.

➔ PM Narendra Modi met HRH Princess Astrid of Belgium

Appreciated her 300-member Economic Mission to India
Aimed to boost ties in key areas: Trade, Technology, Defence, Agriculture, Life Sciences,
Innovation, Academic exchange, Skilling
➔
PMs Inaugurate New Institute
New Institute: Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute — Focuses on Public Service & Innovation, Funded by
India - Cost: US$ 4.74 million — Under a 2017 MoU with Mauritius.
Purpose of the Institute — Train Mauritian civil servants (ministries, public offices, govt. bodies)
➔ India-Mauritius Joint Vision for an Enhanced Strategic Partnership
Currency Deal – RBI & Bank of Mauritius agree to use local currencies (INR/MUR) for cross-border
transactions.
Credit Facility – SBI to lend to the Govt. of Mauritius under a formal agreement.
MSME Partnership , Diplomatic Training , Governance & Admin Reforms, Maritime Security, Ocean
Data Sharing
India handed over a Navigational Chart of St Brandon Island, prepared by Indian Navy.
➔ The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi Inaugurated Vantara
Location: Jamnagar, Gujarat
Initiative: Wildlife conservation, rescue & rehabilitation
 Led by: Shri Anant Ambani and team
What is Vantara? - A safe haven for rescued animals
Promotes ecological sustainability & wildlife welfare

➔ ASSAMSAT: Assam to launch its own satellite soon!

Purpose: Improve data access for development & border surveillance.
Uses: Will support agriculture, disaster management, infrastructure, and security/police ops.
Partnership: In collaboration with ISRO and IN-SPACe (promotes private space innovation).

➔ Nuclear Energy = Key to India’s Net Zero Goal

Dr. Jitendra Singh says nuclear energy is essential for India to reach Net Zero by 2070.
Union Budget 2024–25 plans a big expansion — aim: 100 GW nuclear power by 2047.
Nuclear energy will help in the clean energy transition.
Urges private sector to join the mission. Dr. Jitendra Singh addressed the celebrations of India’s
National Science Day at the Indian Embassy at Tokyo in Japan.
2025–26 declared as India-Japan Year of Science, Technology & Innovation Exchange. & Japan
Celebrating 40 Years of S&T Cooperation between India & Japan.

➔ What is WAVES Bazaar?

A global online marketplace for the Media & Entertainment industry
Connects creators, businesses, and professionals worldwide
Mission: Foster collaboration, boost visibility, and drive growth
Why WAVES Bazaar is Unique ?
One-of-a-kind e-marketplace for Media & Entertainment spectrum
Covers film, TV, animation, music, XR, gaming, and more
Acts as a bridge between buyers & sellers About WAVES 2025
May 1–4, 2025, Mumbai
First-ever World Audio Visual & Entertainment Summit
Showcasing India’s creative power
Focus: Films, Gaming, XR, AI, Music, Comics, Digital Media & more

➔ Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh announced that North India’s first nuclear power project will be
established in Gorakhpur, Haryana. He described the project as a significant milestone in India’s
nuclear energy expansion and a crucial step toward the country’s clean energy goals. Dr. Singh
also highlighted that India’s Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage (CLND) framework provides robust
safeguards.

➔ Lok Sabha Secretariat and MeitY sign MoU to launch ‘Sansad Bhashini’ for AI-powered
multilingual parliamentary operations Sansad Bhashini initiative to revolutionize parliamentary
documentation and accessibility through AI and real-time translations
The initiative will enable MPs, researchers, and academia to access a vast archive of parliamentary
debates and records in multiple languages.

➔ Under the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban, Indore is poised to achieve a major milestone with the
launch of India’s first green waste processing plant, developed through a Public-Private
Partnership (PPP) model.
This groundbreaking initiative, aims to revolutionize the city’s waste management system by
converting green waste into valuable resources. This project underscores the city’s commitment to
innovation and sustainability in tackling urban waste challenges.
➔ RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN HOSTS ‘PURPLE FEST’
The ‘Purple Fest’, organised by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of
India, aims to raise awareness about different disabilities and their impact on people's lives and to
promote understanding, acceptance, and inclusion of persons with disabilities within society.
➔ HISTORIC MILESTONE
India has crossed a monumental 1 BILLION TONNES of coal production! With cutting-edge
technologies and efficient methods, we’ve not only increased production but also ensured
sustainable and responsible mining.
This achievement will fuel our increasing power demands, drive economic growth, and ensure a
brighter future for every Indian.
➔ MeitY, in partnership with IISc Bengaluru, IIT Bombay, IIT Madras, IIT Delhi, IIT Kharagpur, and IIT
Guwahati, successfully hosted India’s first Nano Electronics Roadshow at the National Science
Seminar Complex, IISc Bengaluru.
➔ The roadshow showcased over 100 intellectual properties (IPs), more than 50 groundbreaking
technologies, and the innovation of over 35 promising startups—all backed by six state-of-the-art
nanoelectronics centers across the country.
➔ Maharashtra Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis inaugurated the first temple of Chhatrapati Shivaji
Maharaj in Bhiwandi town of Maharashtra’s Thane district on the occasion of the Maratha warrior
king’s birth anniversary in accordance with the Hindu lunar calendar system. CM Fadnavis
inaugurates first temple dedicated to Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
➔ Kasampatty sacred grove in Dindigul declared T.N.’s second biodiversity heritage site
Kasampatty, located near the Alagarmalai Reserve Forest in Dindigul district, now joins Arittapatti
in Madurai as the second officially designated Biodiversity Heritage Site in Tamil Nadu. Biodiversity
Heritage Sites (BHS) are areas in India recognized for their unique and ecologically fragile
ecosystems with rich biodiversity
➔ India’s First Vertical Lift Railway Sea Bridge - New Pamban Bridge, a 2.07-kilometre-long marvel
spanning the Palk Strait in Tamil Nadu. Vertical lift design allows ships to pass beneath easily. A
perfect mix of heritage and high-tech innovation.
Built by RVNL Constructed by Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL) – a Navratna PSU under the
Ministry of Railways.

➔ Kerala has become the first state in India to establish a Senior Citizens Commission by passing the
Kerala State Senior Citizens Commission Bill 2025. It will safeguard the rights and welfare of elderly
citizens and act as an advisory body for policymaking.
Aim: To ensure the rehabilitation, protection, and empowerment of senior citizens.

➔ The Government has approved the upgradation of Indian Railway Finance Corporation (IRFC) to
Navratna CPSE, making it the 26th Navratna among CPSEs!

➔ The central government has amended the Passport Rules, making birth certificates issued by
appropriate authorities the only proof of date of birth for passport applicants born on or after
October 1, 2023. Under the new norms, birth certificates issued by the Registrar of Births and
Deaths, the Municipal Corporation, or any other authority empowered under the Registration of
Births and Deaths Act, 1969, will be accepted as proof of date of birth for persons born on or after
October 1, 2023.

➔ Ministry of Mines classifies Barytes, Felspar, Mica and Quartz as Major Minerals
Government Notification: The Ministry of Mines reclassified Barytes, Felspar, Mica, and Quartz
from minor to major minerals. Reason for the Change: This aligns with the National Critical Mineral
Mission approved on 29 January 2025 to promote exploration and mining of critical minerals in
India.
➔ First-Ever Dolphin Count Released! PM released India’s first riverine dolphin estimation report.
Total Dolphins Counted: ✅ 6,327 dolphins across Indian rivers. Top States by Dolphin Numbers:
Uttar Pradesh (Highest), Bihar, West Bengal, Assam
Why It Matters: A major step in tracking and protecting India's freshwater biodiversity.

➔ Great One-Horned Rhinoceros population in West Bengal increases to 392

Areas Covered (396 sq km): • Jaldapara National Park • Gorumara National Park • Chapramari
Wildlife Sanctuary • Parts of Jalpaiguri Reserve Forests,
Big Increase in Rhino Numbers – a great sign for conservation!,

➔ Sagreshwar Wildlife Sanctuary — located in Sangli district, Maharashtra

A man-made wildlife reserve with dense deer population
Hosts 536 sambars (large deer species)
Has 295 cheetals (spotted deer)
Known as one of the most densely populated deer sanctuaries in India
➔
8 traditional Kashmiri products get GI tag ? Kashmir Namda, Kashmir Gabba, Kashmir Willow Bat,
Kashmir Tweed, Crewel, Kashmir Chain Stitch, Shikara, Wagguv
➔ Varanasi’s rich cultural and craft heritage gained national recognition as authorities recently
granted Geographical Indication (GI) tags to the Banarasi Shehnai, and the Banarasi Tabla. The
Banaras Tabla Gharana, also known as the Purab Gharana, represents a unique and influential
school of tabla playing that originated in Varanasi (Banaras).
➔ West Bengal has earned Geographical Indication (GI) tags for seven state products ?
Nolen Gur Sandesh, Murshidabad Chhanabora, Bishnupur Motichur Laddu, Kamarpukur Sada
Bonde, Malda Nistari Silk Yarn, Radhunipagal Rice, Baruipur Guava.
➔ The Government of India has granted Geographical Indication (GI) tags to Meghalaya’s Ryndia silk
and Khasi handloom products, signifying a major milestone for the state’s traditional textile sector.
➔ Amalsad Chikoo from Gujarat’s Navsari gets GI tag The Amalsad Chikoo is the third fruit in Gujarat
to get the GI tag after the Gir Kesar Mango and Kutchhi Kharek (date).

➔ Geographical Indication (GI) tags from Telangana

Warangal Chapata Chilli, also known as Tomato Chilli, gets recognition
Granted GI Tag by the GI Registry, Government of India
This is the 18th product from Telangana to receive the Geographical Indication (GI) tag

➔ . Geographical Indication (GI) tags from Tamil Nadu

Kumbakonam vetrilai (Kumbakonam betel leaf), Thovalai maanikka maalai, Panruti Cashew, Panruti
Jackfruit, Chettikulam Shallot, Puliyangudi Acid Lime, Virudhunagar Samba Vathal,
Ramanathapuram Chithiraikar Rice

➔ Kerala becomes first State to achieve total digital literacy

Over 21 lakh people identified as ‘digitally illiterate’ taught to make voice and video calls using
smartphones, access govt. services, to carry out Internet banking, and use social media platforms
under the ‘Digi Kerala’ initiative of the Local Self Government department.

➔ Kannadippaya gets GI tag, anchoring tribal craft on global map

It ensures market protection and a global platform for this traditional product.
The recognition makes it the first tribal handicraft product from Kerala to receive a GI tag
➔ Haryana government has declared Tighrana and Mitathal in Bhiwani district as protected
monuments and archaeological sites. These sites are over 4,400 years old and are linked to the
ancient Sindhu-Saraswati civilisation. This decision was made under the Haryana Ancient and
 Historical Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1964.

➔ Karimpuzha wildlife sanctuary adds new species to its checklist

Kerala’s youngest protected area has emerged as a biodiversity hotspot. A recent faunal survey
conducted by the Forest department, the first-such systematic exercise conducted since its
inception, has reported 63 new species of odonates, butterflies and birds.
➔ Chhattisgarh has laid the foundation stone for India’s first Gallium Nitride (GaN)-based
semiconductor plant in Raipur, marking a major step in electronics manufacturing.
What is GaN?
GaN = Gallium + Nitrogen
A wide bandgap semiconductor (better than silicon)
What are Semiconductors? - � � Partly conduct electricity
Control signals in electronic devices (like phones, laptops)
➔ Why GaN is Game-Changing
⚙ High efficiency , Thermal stability , Fast switching speeds, Reduces system & operation costs
Where GaN is Used ?
5G & 6G networks , Advanced laptops, Defence technology, Data analytics, Power electronics
➔ 7th edition of Poshan Pakhwada is being organised from 8th April to 22nd April 2025. Poshan
Abhiyan aims to promote a healthy and nutritious diet among children and women with the blend
of technology and tradition. Poshan Pakhwada 2025 focuess on the first 1,000 Days of child’s life
as it is a critical period for child development.
➔ Use of technology - Poshan Tracker enables real-time monitoring of nutrition services at
Anganwadi Centers. Beneficiaries can now self-register via the Poshan Tracker Web App for
improved access. Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) Protocol helps in
early detection and community-based management of malnutrition. Poshan Pakhwada also
focuses on childhood obesity by promoting healthier food choices. Poshan Pakhwada 2025 is
more than just an awareness campaign—it’s a movement to transform nutrition, one mother, one
child, and one meal at a time.
➔ India’s Record Cargo Movement on Inland Waterways
Record Cargo Movement 145.5 MMT moved via inland waterways in FY 2024–25
Up from 18.1 MMT in FY 2013–14
CAGR: 20.86%
Expansion of National Waterways
Increased from 5 to 111 waterways
Operational length: 2,716 km ➡ 4,894 km (2014–24
➔ Massive Infrastructure Development
Multi-Modal Terminals (MMTs) & Inter Modal Terminals (IMTs) Vessels
Community jetties, floating terminals
Green tech: Hybrid Electric & Hydrogen

Vision for the Future

Modal share of Inland Water Transport: 2% ➡ 5%
Traffic goals: 200+ MMT by 2030, 500+ MMT by 2047
➔ Centre has given go ahead for Chadrayaan-5 mission to moon: ISRO chief Narayanan
The Indian government has approved the Chandrayaan-5 mission as part of a long-term goal to
land an Indian on the Moon by 2040.
Chandrayaan-4 will focus on landing on the Moon, collecting samples, and returning to Earth.
Chandrayaan-5 ( just approved) will carry a 350 kg rover, in collaboration with Japan. Chandrayaan-
5 will feature a stronger lander to support future human Moon missions.
India aims to build its own space station, Bharatiya Antriksh Station, by 2035. A new spaceport is
being built in Kulasekarapattinam, Tamil Nadu, to support small satellite launches (up to 500kg).
➔ SpaceX and NASA have launched a mission to bring back U.S. astronauts Sunita Williams and
Butch Wilmore from the International Space Station (ISS), where they have been stranded for nine
months. The mission lifted off at 7:03 ET on Friday, with a Falcon 9 rocket carrying a Dragon
spacecraft as part of the Crew-10 mission. Along with the return of Williams and Wilmore, the
launch also carried four new crew members to the ISS: NASA astronauts Anne McClain and
Nichole Ayers, JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Takuya Onishi, and
Roscosmos cosmonaut Kirill Peskov.
➔ NASA SPHEREx telescope is launched to study universe’s origins The telescope is called SPHEREx,
short for Spectro Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices
Explorer. It was launched using a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg Space Force Base. The
mission will last two years. The telescope will create a 3D map of the universe using 102 different
light wavelengths. It aims to understand how galaxies have changed and evolved over time.
➔ ISRO & SCL develops 32-bit Microprocessors for space applications the first production lots of the
32-bit microprocessors developed for space applications, VIKRAM3201 & KALPANA3201
VIKRAM3201 is the first fully “Make-in-India” 32-bit microprocessor that is qualified for use in the
harsh environmental conditions of launch vehicles.
KALPANA3201 is a 32-bit SPARC V8 RISC microprocessor and is based on the IEEE 1754 Instruction
Set Architecture.
SpaceX Makes History
• Launched a private astronaut crew on March 31, 2025
• Mission name: Fram2 – inspired by the Arctic exploration ship "Fram"
New Orbital Path
• First human mission to orbit Earth from pole to pole
• Unique polar-orbiting route never done before by humans

SpaceX’s Growing Reach Marks another milestone in SpaceX’s global spaceflight dominance,
Showcases private sector leadership in space exploration
➔ Pop star Katy Perry, along with five other women, embarked on a journey into space aboard a Blue
Origin rocket and successfully returned to Earth, achieving the milestone of the first all-female
spaceflight in over 60 years.
The spaceflight was a high-profile success for Bezos’ New Shepard launch vehicle, which has been
developed for space tourism.
It was the first all-female spaceflight since Soviet cosmonaut Valentina Tereshkova – the first
woman in space– orbited Earth during a nearly three-day solo flight in 1963.
➔ NASA’s Curiosity rover has discovered siderite mineral deposits on Mars, offering crucial evidence
of the planet’s warmer, wetter, and more habitable ancient environment.
What is Curiosity Rover?
Curiosity Rover is NASA’s car-sized robotic rover launched in 2011 under the Mars Science
Laboratory mission to explore Gale Crater on Mars.
Its primary goal is to study the planet’s climate, geology, and assess whether Mars ever had
conditions suitable for microbial life.
➔ BatEchoMon: India’s 1st Automated Bat Monitoring System
What it does: Detects & classifies bat species using real time acoustic analysis.
Tech used: AI-powered & autonomous system analyzing bat echolocation calls.
Developed by: Indian Institute for Human Settlements (IIHS), Bengaluru.
Purpose: Speeds up bat data processing to support research in bat ecology & biodiversity — with
minimal human effort!
➔ Mark Zuckerberg's Meta launched its latest generation of Llama (large language model) artificial
intelligence models Scout, Maverick and Behemoth -- as the competition in the AI space heats up
between Google, OpenAI and other contenders.
Meta also claims that Maverick, its flagship AI assistant, can outperform OpenAI’s GPT-4o and
 Google’s Gemini 2.0 on a range of coding, reasoning, and image-based benchmarks. Scout and
Maverick are freely available on Meta's website, while Behemoth is still in a preview stage.
➔ India’s First Homegrown LLM ?
Sarvam AI, a Bengaluru-based startup, will build India's first sovereign large language model
(LLM). Boosting AI Independence
Part of the ₹10,370 crore IndiaAI Mission to strengthen India's strategic autonomy in AI.
Fully Made in India
The AI infrastructure will be developed, deployed, and optimized entirely within the country.
Smart & Skilled ? The model will focus on advanced reasoning, voice-based tasks, and Indian
language fluency.
➔ Amazon launches first Kuiper internet satellites, taking on Starlink
The first 27 satellites for Amazon’s Kuiper broadband internet constellation were launched into
space from Florida , kicking off the long-delayed deployment of an internet-from-space network
that will rival SpaceX’s Starlink.
The first 27 satellites for Amazon’s Kuiper broadband internet constellation were launched into
space from Florida on Monday, kicking off the long-delayed deployment of an internet-from-
space network that will rival SpaceX’s Starlink.
➔ It’s golden jubilee for India’s first satellite Aryabhata
Name Selection
Chosen by PM Indira Gandhi from 3 names: Aryabhata, Mitra, Jawahar
Named after ancient Indian mathematician & astronomer Aryabhata
Made in India, Built by ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
Launched from Kapustin Yar with USSR’s assistance
Mission Purpose : ☀ Solar Physics, Aeronomy, X-ray Astronomy
Technical Setback
Power failure after 5 days in orbit,
Experiments halted, but valuable data still collected
Continued transmitting for a few more days after the failure

India’s Space Journey Begins

Aryabhata marked India’s entry into space exploration
Became the 11th country to send a satellite into orbit
Since then, ISRO has built 131 satellites
Currently, 55 satellites are in orbit

➔ In a groundbreaking achievement, Italian researchers have successfully transformed light into a

supersolid for the first time in history.
What is a Supersolid? A supersolid behaves like both a solid and a liquid at once. It has a solid
structure but flows without resistance, like a liquid. Forms only at very low temperatures (near
absolute zero).
How Was It Created?
Scientists combined light with matter to create polaritons. Polaritons = light + excitons (particle
pairs). When cooled to their lowest energy, they formed a supersolid.
Potential Applications:
Quantum computing: Improves stability. Superconductors: Enables zero-resistance electricity.
Frictionless lubricants: Better efficiency in machines. Advanced materials: For tech, sensors, energy
storage. Physics research: Helps explore quantum behavior of matter.

➔ AWARDS
RBI has been honored with the Digital Transformation Award 2025 by Central Banking, London,
 UK, recognizing its innovative digital initiatives—Pravaah and Sarthi— developed by its in-house
developer team.
➔ A famous Hindi poet and writer from Chhattisgarh, Vinod Kumar Shukla, has been selected for the
Jnanpith award. This award is considered the country’s highest literary honour.
➔ Violinist R K Shriramkumar has been awarded the prestigious Sangita Kalanidhi by the Music
Academy for 2025. The Award, conferred by the Madras Music Academy, is widely considered the
highest honor in the field of Carnatic music.
➔ Veteran sculptor Ram Sutar the maker of the Statue of Unity, will be honoured by Maharashtra
Bhushan, the state’s highest civilian award.
➔ Bengaluru Traffic Police (BTP) received the Golden Peacock Innovative Product/Service Award
2025. Why?: For their smart traffic initiative ASTraM. Full Form: ASTraM = Actionable Intelligence
for Sustainable Transformation Management
➔ Fiji’s highest honour, the ‘Companion of the Order of Fiji’, was conferred on Karnataka based
humanitarian Madhusudan Sai. Sai was conferred the award for establishing the Sri Sathya Sai
Sanjeevani Children’s Hospital in Fiji.
➔ Kumar Mangalam Birla, Chairman of the Aditya Birla Group and Padma Bhushan awardee, was
honoured with the prestigious Lata Deenanath Mangeshkar Award. Instituted in 2022 in memory
of legendary singer Lata Mangeshkar.
➔ Jay Shah, the chairman of the International Cricket Council (ICC), has been honored with the
prestigious Icon of Excellence award at the 14th Edition of the Forbes India Leadership Awards
(FILA 2025).
➔ CM Devendra Fadnavis received the 'TiE Mumbai Hall of Fame' award
Award presented by Infosys founder Narayana Murthy
At TiEcon Mumbai 2025 – India’s top entrepreneurial summit
Honoured for his work in infrastructure development
➔ Nithin Kamath, Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Zerodha, has been awarded the esteemed EY
Entrepreneur Of The Year Award 2024 (EOY).
KV Kamath ➡ Received Lifetime Achievement Award
Dr. S Somanath (Former ISRO Chairman) ➡ Honoured with Special Jury Award
➔ Jayshree Vencatesan, co-founder of Care Earth Trust, recently made history as the first Indian to
receive the Ramsar Award for ‘Wetland Wise Use’. This prestigious global accolade recognises
exceptional contributions to sustainable wetland management.
➔ The 2025 Holberg Prize is awarded to Indian scholar Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, of Columbia
University, for her ground-breaking interdisciplinary research in comparative literature, translation,
postcolonial studies, political philosophy, and feminist theory.
➔ Japanese mathematician Masaki Kashiwara awarded the Abel Prize 2025 "for his fundamental
contributions to algebraic analysis and representation theory, in particular the development of the
theory of D-modules and the discovery of crystal bases."
➔ The 2025 Pritzker Prize has been awarded this year to Chinese Architect Liu Jiakun
➔ Mumbai’s Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (CSMIA) has been named the ‘Best
Airport over 40 million passengers’ in the Asia-Pacific region at the Airports Council International’s
(ACI) Airport Service Quality (ASQ) Awards. 8th year in a row CSMIA has received this honor!
➔ Hyderabad’s Rajiv Gandhi International Airport (RGIA) has been recognised as the ‘Best Airport in
the 15 to 25 Million Passengers Per Annum (MPPA)’ category in the Asia Pacific region for 2024.
➔ Kempegowda International Airport (BLR) in Bengaluru, India, has achieved a remarkable
environmental milestone, becoming the first airport in Asia to receive the prestigious Level 5
Carbon Accreditation.
➔ IIFA Awards 2025:
Best Picture – Laapataa Ladies
Best Performance In A Leading Role (Male) – Kartik Aaryan (Bhool Bhulaiyaa 3)
Best Performance In A Leading Role (Female) – Nitanshi Goel (Laapataa Ladies)
 Best Direction – Kiran Rao (Laapataa Ladies)
Outstanding Achievement In Indian Cinema – Rakesh Roshan
➔ Payal Kapadia's film All We Imagine As Light clinched the Best Film award at the Asian Film Awards
2025. Meanwhile, Shahana Goswami won Best Actress for her role in Santosh
➔ Hurun Rich List 2025 Elon Musk world's richest
Elon Musk Tops Again
Richest person on Hurun Global Rich List 2025
4th time in 5 years ⭐ First person to cross $400B

India ranks 3rd in billionaire count – 284 billionaires – After USA & China
Mukesh Ambani – Slipped out of world’s top 10 – Still Asia’s richest
Gautam Adani (Adani Group) Net worth: $97 billion (₹8.4 lakh crore) Rank: 2nd in India
Roshni Nadar Malhotra (HCL Technologies) First Indian woman in top 10 female billionaires
globally Net worth: $40 billion (₹3.5 lakh crore) Rank: 5th worldwide, 3rd in India

➔ World Happiness Report 2025

Published by: • University of Oxford – Wellbeing Research Centre
• Gallup • UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (UNSDSN)

India ranked 118th out of 147 countries, while Finland topped the list for the eighth consecutive
year.
South Asian Nations Ranking: Nepal (92nd), Pakistan (109th), Myanmar (126th), Sri Lanka (133th),
Bangladesh (134th).
The happiness score is determined by 6 key indicators: GDP per capita, social support, healthy life
expectancy, freedom, generosity, and perceptions of corruption.
Aim of the Report: To measure global well-being and contentment. To promote policy focus on
mental health, social trust, and quality of life beyond just economic growth.

➔ Global Terrorism Index 2025

It is released by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP). India ranks 14th in the Global
Terrorism Index (GTI) 2025.
Global Terrorism Index: It analyzes the impact of terrorism in 163 countries. It provides information
about trends and patterns of terrorism. In this, the impact of terrorism has been evaluated through
various indicators. It includes the number of attacks, number of deaths, number of injuries and the
overall impact on the country.
Islamic State (IS) has been described as the world's most dangerous terrorist organization.
➔ Third Report on the State of the World’s Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture
- It is released by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations.
-The report highlighted alarming dependency on nine crops and threats to global plant genetic
diversity.

- Global Food Dependence → 60% of our food comes from just 9 crops: Sugarcane, Maize, Rice,
Wheat, Potatoes, Soybeans, Oil Palm, Sugar Beet, Cassava.
- Regions at Highest Risk → Southern Africa, Caribbean, Western Asia are losing genetic diversity
the fastest.
- Ex Situ Conservation → 5.9+ million plant samples stored worldwide → 41% are safety-duplicated
(e.g., Svalbard Global Seed Vault)
- Disasters & Crop Diversity Loss → Frequent natural disasters reduce diversity → Post-disaster
germplasm often fails to adapt locally.

➔ BOOKS
Stumped: Syed Kirmani’s Autobiography
Book on CSK Leo — The Untold Story officially launched
Kailash Satyarthi’s Autobiography ‘Diyaslai’
The Great Conciliator Lal Bahadur Shastri and the Transformation of India - Sanjeev Chopra
(Author)
The Chief Minister and the Spy’ Amarjit Singh Dulat (Author)
Beyond the Courtroom’ Fali S. Nariman (Author)

➔ APPOINTMENTS
Shri Ajay Bhadoo - The Government of India has appointed Shri Ajay Bhadoo, as the Chief
Executive Officer (CEO) of Government e Marketplace (GeM) .
Dr. Shivkumar Kalyanraman - assumes charge of Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Anusandhan
National Research Foundation (ANRF)
Dr Mayank Sharma - Indian Defence Accounts Service (IDAS) (1989) assumed charge as Controller
General of Defence Accounts
Rajiv Gauba - Former Cabinet Secretary Rajiv Gauba has been appointed as a full-time member of
NITI Aayog, India's premier think tank, in March 2025.
Krishnamachari Srikkanth - Former Indian cricket team captain and batsman Krishnamachari
Srikkanth has been named the Goodwill Ambassador of VISION 2020 India, an initiative dedicated
to eliminating avoidable blindness across the country.
Ayushmann Khurrana has been named 'Fit India Icon' by Union Sports Minister Mansukh
Mandaviya.
Global denim brand Levi’s has onboarded Indian music artist and actor Diljit Dosanjh as its new
brand ambassador.
Chief Justice of India Sanjiv Khanna recommended Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai to the
government for appointment as the 52nd Chief Justice of India.
➔ Dr. Mangi Lal Jat - Appointed as: ➤ Director General of ICAR (Indian Council of Agricultural
Research) ➤ Secretary of DARE (Department of Agricultural Research and Education)
Ajay Bhushan Pandey has taken over as Vice President of Investment Solutions for the Beijing-
based Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), in which India is the second largest shareholder
after China.
Kamal Haasan has been appointed as the Chairperson of the Federation of Indian Chambers of
Commerce and Industry’s Media and Entertainment Committee South.
Anant Ambani, the youngest son of billionaire Mukesh Ambani, has been appointed as the
executive director of Reliance Industries Ltd for a five-year term
➔ IMPORTANT DAYS OF MARCH
03 march -United Nations World Wildlife Day (WWD),The theme for WWD 2025 is “Wildlife
Conservation Finance: Investing in People and Planet.”
07 march - The Jan Aushadhi Diwas
08 march -International Women's Day , The theme of International Women’s Day 2025 is “For ALL
Women and Girls: Rights. Equality. Empowerment.”
15 march -World Consumer Rights Day , he theme for World Consumer Rights Day 2025 is, ‘A Just
Transition to Sustainable Lifestyles.’
20 march - World Sparrow Day March , The theme for World Sparrow Day 2025 is, "A Tribute to
Nature's Tiny Messengers".
20 march - International Day of Happiness , The theme for International Day of Happiness 2025 is
"Caring and Sharing".
March 21st - International Day of Forests , The theme for this year is "Forests and Food," which
emphasizes the deep connection between forests and global food security.
March 21st - World Day for Glaciers , The theme of World Water Day 2025 is ‘Glacier Preservation’.

March 22- World Water Day , The theme of World Water Day this year is ‘Glacier Preservation’
March 24 - World TB Day This year's theme is “Yes! We Can End TB: Commit, Invest, Deliver”.
➔ IMPORTANT DAYS OF APRIL
April 2 - World Autism Awareness Day, The 2025 observance, under the theme "Advancing
Neurodiversity and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)"
April 6th - International Day of Sports For Development And Peace 2025 Theme: Leveling the
Playing Field: Sport for Social Inclusion
April 7th -The World Health Day 2025, The World Health Day 2025 theme is "Healthy Beginnings,
Hopeful Futures".
April 18th - World Heritage Day 2025 The World Heritage Day 2025 theme is "Heritage under
Threat from Disasters and Conflicts: Preparedness and Learning from 60 Years of ICOMOS
Actions."
April 22nd - World Earth Day 2025 , The theme for World Earth Day 2025 is "Our Power, Our
Planet".
April 25th - World Malaria Day 2025 , The theme for World Malaria Day 2025 is "Malaria Ends
With Us: Reinvest, Reimagine, Reignite".
April 26th - World Intellectual Property Day 2025 , The theme for World Intellectual Property Day
2025 is "IP and music: Feel the beat of IP".
April 28th - World Day for Safety and Health at Work 2025, The theme for World Day for Safety
and Health at Work 2025 is "Revolutionizing Health and Safety: The Role of AI and Digitalization at
Work".

➔ OBITUARIES
Yakshagana scholar, teacher, and maddale player B. Gopalakrishna Kurup passed away at
Nileshwar in Kasaragod (Kerala)
Padma Bhushan Ramakanta Rath, one of the most renowned modernist poets in Odia literature,
passed away at Bhubaneswar at the age of 91. He also served as president of the Sahitya
Akademi of India from 1998 to 2003.
The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi has expressed deep sorrow over the passing of Pasala
Krishna Bharathi, a devoted Gandhian who dedicated her life to nation building through Mahatma
Gandhi’s ideals.
Pope Francis, the first Latin American to lead the Roman Catholic Church, has passed away, as
announced by the Vatican in a video statement.
Nilamben Parikh, the great granddaughter of Mahatma Gandhi, passed away peacefully at age 92.
She was a social worker advocating for tribal women's education and empowerment, and also an
 author who wrote about her family's history.
Kathak artist and choreographer Kumudini Lakhia passed away . Sangeet Natak Akademi Award
(1982) , Padma Shri (1987), Padma Bhushan (2010) , Padma Vibhushan (2025)
Former India basketball captain Hari Dutt Kapri passed away at his residence at the age of 83. He
was conferred with the Arjuna award in 1969. He was also honoured with a lifetime achievement
award by the Uttarakhand government.
Tree Man of Telangana, Padma Shri D. Ramaiah passes away -Over 1 Crore Trees Planted Dedicated
his life to planting saplings across the country. Tree Awareness Advocate Passionately spread the
message of the importance of trees in our lives.
Dr. K. Kasturirangan (1939–2024) has Passed away . Former ISRO Chairman - Key role in
developing PSLV India’s most reliable satellite launcher. Architect of India’s National Education
Policy (NEP)
Renowned Malayalam filmmaker Shaji N Karun has passed away ? His demise comes shortly after
receiving the J C Daniel Award J C Daniel Award = Highest film honour by Kerala Govt.
Muttayil Govinda Sankara Narayanan, popularly known as M G S Narayanan, a well-known
historian, researcher, and an educator, passed away on Saturday at the age of 92.
Former National shooting coach Sunny Thomas passes away Thomas was the national shooting
coach for 19 years, from 1993 to 2012, and during this period the country won four Olympic
medals including Abhinav Bindra’s gold in Beijing 2008.

MAY 2025
➔ Miss World 2025
Miss Thailand Opal Suchata Chuangsri was crowned Miss World 2025 at the 72nd edition of the
Miss World pageant at the HITEX Exhibition Centre in Hyderabad, Telangana on Saturday. The
winner was crowned by Miss World 2024 Krystyna Pyszková, marking the culmination of weeks of
cultural exchange, competition and celebration.
List of Miss World Winners from India
1. Reita Faria 1966
2. Aishwarya Rai
3. Diana Haydon
4. Yukta
5. priyanka chopra
6. manushi chillar
Three Indian women have won the Miss Universe title: Sushmita Sen in 1994, Lara Dutta in 2000,
and Harnaaz Sandhu in 2021.
➔ THE INTERNATIONAL BOOKER PRIZE 2025
Writer and activist Banu Mushtaq‘s short story collection ‘Heart Lamp’, translated by Deepa Bhasti,
became the first Kannada title to win the coveted GBP 50,000 International Booker Prize in
London.
The International Booker Prize is awarded annually for a single book, translated into English and
published in the UK or Ireland. Kairos – Jenny Erpenbeck- translated by Michael Hofmann- winner
(2024)
Time Shelter- Georgi Gospodinov – translated by Angela Rodel- winner (2023)
Tomb of Sand- Geetangali Shree – Translated by Daisy Rockwell- winner (2022)
➔
THE UK AND INDIA JUST SIGNED A 'HISTORIC' FREE TRADE DEAL.
It will 'further strengthen the UK-India strategic partnership'. The agreement will cut levies on 90%
of British products sold in the country, including whisky, food and electrical devices. The new
agreement is expected to increase bilateral trade between the countries by $34 billion a year from
2040. India will also cut automotive tariffs from over 100% to 10%. Based on data from 2022,
 India’s tariff cuts will amount to over $534 million, according to Reuters. This is expected to more
than double after 10 years. Britain has also agreed to cut its own tariffs, which were relatively lower
than India's, on some products. This will mean 99% of India’s exports to Britain face no duties.

➔ Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)

About the Scheme
Life Insurance Cover for death due to any reason
Premium: Less than ₹2/day (₹436/year)
One-year cover, renewable yearly
Offered via LIC & other approved Life Insurance Companies
Implemented through Banks / Post Offices
Eligibility Age: 18 to 50 years
Must have a bank/post office account in a participating institution
Consent for auto-debit is required
Multiple accounts? ➡ Join through only one

➔ INDIA'S FIRST INTER-STATE CHEETAH CONSERVATION CORRIDOR

What is it?
A wildlife corridor connecting protected areas in Madhya Pradesh & Rajasthan.
Lets cheetahs roam safely across a natural ecosystem
Geographical Coverage:
Covers 17,000 sq. km ▪ Madhya Pradesh ▪ 10,500 sq. km Rajasthan – 6,500 sq. km
Key Locations: 1. Palpur Kuno National Park (MP)
-Main cheetah reintroduction site
-Sheopur district
2. Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary (MP) Along the Chambal River
-Mandsaur district ?
-Being developed as a second cheetah habitat
3. Mukundara Hi ls Tiger Reserve (Rajasthan)
Arid grasslands ideal for cheetahs Kota Division (Darrah, Jawahar Sagar & Chambal sanctuaries)
Significance for India: Revives Native Species, Strengthens Federal Conservation, Aligns with
Global Goals.

➔ INDIAN NATIONAL ANTHEM IN MONACO

Kush Maini has created History by becoming the first Indian to win an F2 race at Monte Carlo
➔ GRAND PRIX WINNERS
OSCAR PIASTRI WINS THE MIAMI GRAND PRIX!!
Max VERSTAPPEN WINS THE EMILIA ROMAGNA GRAND PRIX!!
Londo norris WINS THE monaco GRAND PRIX
➔ A Histroric Throw by Neeraj Chopra, A Proud Moment for India!
Lieutenant Colonel (Honorary) Neeraj Chopra clinches Silver at the Wanda Diamond League in
Doha with a record-breaking throw of 90.23m, surpassing his own National Record and breaching
the 90m mark for the first time.
➔ SPORTS-
-LIVERPOOL ARE THE 2024-25 PREMIER LEAGUE CHAMPIONS
-India clinched the South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) Under-19 Championship 2025, beating
Bangladesh 4-3 in a penalty shootout in the final at the Yupia Outdoor Stadium in Yupia,
Arunachal Pradesh.
-Paris Saint-Germain have been crowned champions of Europe for the first time. PSG thrashed
Internazionale Milan 5-0 in the 2025 UEFA men’s Champions League final.
➔ Rohit Sharma announced retirement from Test cricket. Rohit made his Test debut in 2013 and went
on to play 67 matches for India, scoring 4,301 runs. His red-bal career includes 12 centuries and 18
half centuries, with a career-best score of 212 against South Africa in 2019.

➔ Virat Kohli announced retirement from Test cricket Virat amassed 9230 runs in 123 matches at an
average of 46.85 in the game’s longest format. In his 14-year Test career, Kohli went on to become
the fourth highest run-getter for India, behind Sachin Tendulkar, Rahul Dravid and Sunil Gavaskar.
➔ 7th Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG)
Hosted by Bihar – First major multi-sport event in the state • 27 Medal Sports • New addition:
Sepaktakraw • Special demo event: Esports ? 10,000+ participants • Over 6,000 athletes competing
➔ 26th Asian Athletics Championships, 2025 - Indian athletes won 24 medals - eight gold, 10 silver
and six bronze - and finished second in the medal table. China topped the standings. Over 60
Indian athletes competed at the Asian Athletics Championships 2025 in Gumi, Republic of Korea.
The 26th edition of the Asian Athletics Championships featured over 2000 athletes. Indian athletes
participated in a total of 30 medal events - 15 for men, 14 for women and one mixed team over
the five-day competition.
➔ The People’s Republic of China clinched a fourth consecutive BWF Sudirman Cup title, and their
14th badminton mixed team world crown in total, in Xiamen.
Liu Shengshu and Tan Ning won their women's doubles rubber to complete China's 3-1 win over
Republic of Korea despite An Se-young maintaining her perfect record in Xiamen.
➔ India’s 86th Grandmaster is here!
Srihari LR, the 19-year-old prodigy from Tamil Nadu, has officially become India’s 86th
Grandmaster at the Asian Individual Men’s Chess Championship in Al-Ain
➔ UEFA Women's Champions League winners: Arsenal
Arsenal captured the UEFA Women’s Champions League crown for the first time since 2007 with a
1-0 win over FC Barcelona
➔ Carlos Alcaraz downs Jannik Sinner for 2025 Italian Open title
Carlos Alcaraz appears to have Jannik Sinner's number as he beat the world’s top tennis player 7-6
(5), 6-1 in the final of the Italian Open on Sunday (18 May) to claim his third title of the 2025
season.
➔ Serena Williams wins Princess of Asturias Award for Sports
The tennis legend is honoured not only for her record-breaking career but also her advocacy for
gender equality
➔ Italian Open 2025: Jasmine Paolini overpowers Coco Gauff for women's singles title
Jasmine Paolini became the first home women’s singles champion in 40 years at the Italian Open,
beating a determined Coco Gauff 6-4, 6-2 in the women's final.
➔ INDIAN FORCES LAUNCH OPERATION NADER AGAINST TERRORISTS IN TRAL, HEAVY FIRING
EXCHANGED
opertaion killer by rashtriya rifles.
➔ The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), on the basis of inputs received from Operation Hawk,
launched by the US, has taken swift action to successfully dismantle the cybercrime networks
involving online child sexual exploitation with international linkages.
� � Past Operations by CBI
Operation Carbon – Launched in 2021.
Operation Megh Chakra – Launched in 2022.
Both aimed at a rapid response to online child sexual exploitation with global connections.

Indian Army engineers under the Spear Corps collaborated with the National Disaster Response
Force (NDRF) to orchestrate a groundbreaking disaster relief exercise, aptly christened ‘Exercise
Raahat’.
➔ EXERCISE NOMADIC ELEPHANT
India-Mongolia Joint Military Exercise: NOMADIC ELEPHANT
? 17th Edition of the exercise
? Location: Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
? Dates: 31st May – 13th June 2025
? Annual Event held alternately in India and Mongolia
? Last held in Umroi, Meghalaya – July 2024
? Indian Contingent: ? Mainly from ARUNACHAL SCOUTS battalion ? Mongolian Contingent:
Represented by 150 Special Forces Unit

➔ EXERCISE TEESTA PRAHAR

The Indian Army conducted Exercise Teesta Prahar in the riverine terrain of North Bengal,
showcasing joint warfare capability and technological integration. A large-scale military field
exercise conducted at the Teesta Field Firing Range, West Bengal. Aimed to simulate and validate
combat operations in challenging riverine and all-terrain environments. Organisations Involved:
Conducted by the Indian Army’s Trishakti Corps under the Eastern Command.
➔ � �? ‘Arnala’ Delivered– First of ASW SWCs (Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Crafts)–
Built by GRSE, Kolkata
? Named After Heritage Fort– Named after Arnala Fort near Vasai, Maharashtra– Honors India’s
maritime history
? Largest of Its Kind– 77 meters long– Biggest Indian Navy ship with Diesel Engine + Waterjet
propulsion ⚙
? Mission-Ready Features– Designed for underwater surveillance
Search & Rescue operations
Handles Low Intensity Maritime Operations (LIMO)

➔ Indian Army Gets New Missiles!

Igla-S Missiles Arrive from Russia • Recently delivered to the Indian Army under an emergency
procurement deal.
What is Igla-S?
• Man-portable, shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile (SAM) • Classified as VSHORADS (Very Short
Range Air Defense System)
What It Targets? • Low-flying aircraft ✈ , helicopters , and drones • Tracks targets using infrared
(heat) signatures
- Upgraded Version • Advanced and more capable than the previous Igla systems • Part of India's
strategy to boost quick-response air defense

➔ Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh inaugurated the BrahMos Integration and Testing Facility Centre
in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. The supersonic cruise missile, a product of BrahMos Aerospace- a joint
venture between India and Russia, can be launched from land, sea, or air and uses a "fire and
forget" system.
? Operation Olivia by Indian Coast Guard (ICG) protects Olive Ridley turtles every year. ? February
2025: Record 6.98 lakh turtles nested at Rushikulya river mouth, Odisha!
When? Annually from November to May.
? Focus areas: Gahirmatha Beach & nearby Odisha coast.
? Efforts include rigorous patrolling, aerial surveillance, and community involvement.

➔ The military of Taiwan recently conducted its first live-firing of the American-supplied high
mobility artillery rocket system (HIMARS).
It is a lightweight, multiple rocket launcher. It allows for the launching of multiple, precision-
guided rockets. It is manufactured by Lockheed Martin Corporation, a United States based security
 and aerospace company. HIMARS is intended to engage and defeat artillery, air defence
concentrations, trucks, light armour, and personnel carriers, as well as support troop and supply
concentrations.
The Golden Dragon military exercise is a bilateral annual drill between China and Cambodia, first
initiated in late 2016 to strengthen military cooperation and strategic ties. The official theme of
Golden Dragon 2025 is joint counter-terrorism operations and humanitarian relief, portraying the
exercise as a peace-building and capacity-building initiative. The 2025 edition is being held at the
Ream Naval Base, located in Sihanoukville, on Cambodia’s southern coast.

➔ A wave of pride and celebration swept through the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
Headquarters, New Delhi as SI (Exe) Geeta Samota, the first CISF personnel to conquer Mount
Everest, was accorded a grand felicitation upon her return to India. President Donald Trump said
that he had selected a design for the $175-billion Golden Dome missile defense shield and named
a Space Force general to head the ambitious program aimed at blocking threats from China and
Russia. The program, first ordered by Trump in January, aims to create a network of satellites,
perhaps numbering in the hundreds, to detect, track and potentially intercept incoming missiles.

➔ "HER FIRST, OUR PRIDE"

Lt Cdr Dilna K (L) and Lt Cdr Roopa Alagirisamy on INSV Tarini.
? Navika Sagar Parikrama II – A Historic Journey
? Circumnavigated the globe covering 47,041 km Became the 9th and 10th Indians to complete
this feat
? First a l-woman pair to achieve it in double-handed mode

The first batch of 17 female cadets graduated from the National Defence Academy in Pune on
Thursday (May 29, 2025), marking a historic moment for women in the Indian armed forces.
Graduation ceremony marks historic moment for women in Indian armed forces; cadet Shriti
Daksh secures first place in B.A. stream to win Silver Medal and Chief of Air Staff Trophy.

➔ UK signs treaty with Mauritius to transfer sovereignty over the Chagos Islands, ending decades
long dispute.
? Chagos Archipelago, including Diego Garcia, lies in the Indian Ocean — 9,332 km southeast of
the UK.
? UK will pay $136 million/year to lease back the military base for at least 99 years.
? The base on Diego Garcia, operated by the US, is key for UK’s counter-terrorism, intelligence, and
national security.
-PM Keir Starmer: The deal is “in UK’s national interest” and ensures future security.
-India welcomed the UK-Mauritius treaty as a “milestone achievement” and a win for
decolonization.

➔ INDIA-EU JOIN HANDS TO FIND INNOVATIVE RESEARCH SOLUTIONS TO MARINE PLASTIC LITTER
AND WASTE TO HYDROGEN

➔ India Reaffirms Commitment to Buddha’s Teachings at UN Vesak Day-2025 in Vietnam. The 2025
celebrations, themed “Solidarity and Tolerance for Human Dignity; Buddhist Wisdom for World
Peace and Sustainable Development,” convey a powerful message amid global uncertainties.
In a move to attract foreign talent and capital, Vietnam has proposed a 10-year Golden Visa
program—and it’s making a direct pitch to Indian investors, professionals, and entrepreneurs.
This visa offers not just long-term residency, but also access to quality healthcare, education, and a
stable Southeast Asian economy.
➔ Shri Bhupender Yadav, represented India at the inaugural session of Sagarmatha Sambaad which is
being organised in Kathmandu, Nepal. The high-level global dialogue was convened under the
theme ‘Climate Change, Mountains, and the Future of Humanity’, with participation from Ministers,
and climate leaders from across the world.

78th World Health Assembly (Geneva, 2025)

? Theme: ‘One World for Health’ — aligns with India’s global health vision.
? Ayush–WHO Donor Agreement- Purpose: To begin a Traditional Medicine module under ICHI
(International Classification of Health Interventions).
? First-ever Pandemic Agreement adopted unanimously by WHO Member States.
? Result of 3+ years of negotiations after the COVID-19 crisis.

➔ The New Development Bank (NDB), established by BRICS nations, has admitted Algeria as a new
member, further expanding its global membership base. “The New Development Bank is a
financial institution mobilising resources for infrastructure and sustainable development projects.
It is a platform for collaboration and knowledge sharing among its member countries. In a
powerful demonstration of country-driven leadership and cross-border solidarity, Ministry of
Health representatives from various African countries pledged to intensify action to eliminate
neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). ?￰ﾟﾤﾝ ﾝ Cross-Border Agreement Countries Chad, Djibouti,
Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan, and Sudan signed an MoU to work together and tackle NTDs.

➔ India actively participated in United Nations Forum on Forests (UNFF20) held at UN Headquarters,
New York, presenting achievements in sustainable forest management.
UNFF is a functional commission under ECOSOC, dedicated to forest policy dialogue and
coordination. It provides a platform for all countries to discuss and promote sustainable forest
management (SFM) globally.

➔ Vishwanath Karthikey, 16, Becomes Youngest Indian to Climb 7 Summits

Youngest Indian: Vishwanath Karthikey is now the youngest Indian to conquer the Seven Summits.

Global Recognition: He is also the second youngest person in the world to achieve this feat.
Final Summit: His completion of the challenge was marked by reaching the summit of Mount
Everest (8,848 meters) on May 27, 2025.
Previous Feats: Before Everest, he had successfully climbed peaks such as Aconcagua (South
America), Denali (North America), Kilimanjaro (Africa), Elbrus (Europe), Vinson (Antarctica), and
Kosciuszko (Australia).

➔ Hawaii made history by becoming the first U.S. state to introduce a climate impact fee. This
initiative aims to support environmental efforts and combat climate change. The legislation was
signed by Governor Josh Green in Honolulu. It increases the transient accommodations tax (TAT)
on hotels and short-term rentals by 0.75%. This new fee is set to take effect on January 1, 2026.
➔ Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) (Capital: Kinshasa) Devastating floods occurred in the
eastern part of DRC near the shores of Lake Tanganyika.
Located in Central Africa, it is the second largest country in Africa (after Algeria).
Land Boundaries: Central African Republic (CAR), South Sudan (North); Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi,
Tanzania (East); Republic of the Congo (RoC), Angola (West); Zambia (South).
Maritime Boundary: Atlantic Ocean to its West. Climate: Tropical as Equator passes through DRC.
Argentina (Capital: Buenos Aires)
The Perito Moreno glacier, called the ‘White Giant’, located in the Los Glaciares National Park — a
UNESCO World Heritage Site in Argentina is facing ice loss by calving.
Located in southern South America.
 Boundaries: Chile (west); Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil and Uruguay (north); Maritime- Atlantic Ocean
(east).
Argentina-Chile international border is the 3rd longest globally after USA Canada and Kazakhstan-
Russia.
➔ Bhutan Makes History with Crypto Payments for Tourists
First in the World -- Bhutan becomes the first country to roll out a nationwide crypto payment
system for tourists.
-Pay with Crypto Everywhere
Tourists can now use digital assets to pay for flights, hotels, meals, and local shopping — no need
for cash or cards
-Powered by Big Names
A joint effort by the Bhutanese government, Binance (crypto giant), and DK Bank (Bhutan’s first
fully digital bank).
-Easy Payments via Binance Pay-Tourists can scan QR codes and pay using 100+ cryptocurrencies
through Binance Pay.
-Cashless, Cardless Travel -- A big leap toward digital, seamless tourism experiences in Bhutan.
➔ India has overtaken Japan to become the world’s 4th largest economy, with its GDP crossing USD
4 trillion.
India remains the world’s fastest growing major economy and is the only country projected to
grow over 6% annually for the next two years.
This sustained growth is expected to raise India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to USD 5.58
trillion by 2028, enabling it to surpass Germany and become the third-largest economy globally.
➔ VOTAN (Victims Of Terrorism Associations Network)
The UN Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT) launched the Victims of Terrorism Associations
Network (VoTAN) VISION
A new UN initiative aims to drive co lective action to support the rights and needs of people
everywhere whose lives have been upended by the continuing threat posed by terrorism.
The network is a key outcome from the first UN Global Congress of Victims of Terrorism, held in
September 2022. It brings together victims and survivors of terrorism, victims' associations and
civil society organizations from across the globe. The goal is to provide a safe space for victims
and survivors to support each other, build resilience and engage as advocates, educators, and
peacebuilders.
➔ UN International Year of Cooperatives 2025
? UN International Year of Cooperatives 2025 (UN-IYC 2025)
? Launched at ICA Global Cooperative Conference in New Delhi
Theme: "Cooperatives Build a Better World"
Global Participation
? Around 3000 delegates
From 100+ countries
Focused on how cooperatives support global prosperity

-India's Vision Aligned

? Matches the slogan: "Sahkar Se Samriddhi" (Prosperity through Cooperation)
? Emphasized cooperatives' role in achieving UN SDGs:
Poverty A leviation
Gender Equality
Sustainable Economic Growth

➔ Vizhinjam International Deepwater Multipurpose Seaport worth Rs 8,800 crore is country's first
dedicated container transshipment port that represents the transformative advancements being
made in India’s maritime sector as part of the unified vision of Viksit Bharat.
 State: Kerala
➔ Kerala launches ‘Jyothi’ programme ➡
Aim: Ensure education for children of migrant workers
? Ages 3 to 6 ➡ To be enrolled in anganwadis (early childhood care centres)
? Ages 6 and above ➡ To be integrated into public schools
? Focus: No child of migrant workers should miss out on education
? Initiative by: Kerala Chief Minister’s Office (CMO)

➔ Global Recognition!
Kozhikode has earned a spot in the WHO's Global Network of Age-friendly Cities & Communities
(GNAFCC).
? Part of a Global Effort Now part of a network working to make cities better for the elderly—
supporting health, activity, and creativity in old age.
➔ The President has invoked Article 143 of the Indian Constitution to refer a set of 14 constitutional
questions to the Supreme Court (SC) for its advisory opinion.
About: Article 143 (Advisory jurisdiction) empowers the President of India to seek the SC’s
advisory opinion on any question of law or fact that is of public importance and is likely to arise or
has already arisen.
This provision establishes the SC’s advisory jurisdiction, which is exclusive to the President.
➔ Mizoram has exceeded the 95% literacy rate benchmark, achieving 98.20% literacy as per the
PLFS Survey 2023-24, meeting the Ministry of Education’s criteria for full functional literacy under
the ULLAS (Understanding of Lifelong Learning for All in Society) programme.
Prior to this, Ladakh was the first UT to be declared fully functionally literate.
➔ Goa Declared Fully Literate!
Chief Minister Dr. Pramod Sawant made the official announcement.
? Under the ULLAS – Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram � � (New India Literacy Programme)
? Goa becomes the 2nd state in India ✅ To cross the 95% literacy benchmark set nationally. ? A
step towards 100% literacy by 2030 as envisioned in the NEP 2020.

➔ National Technology Day 2025

Date: 11th May 2025
Organized by: Technology Development Board (TDB) under DST, Government of India
Why 11th May? – Historic Significance
1998: Successful nuclear tests under Operation Shakti Maiden flight of Hansa-3, India’s indigenous
aircraft
Declared as National Technology Day by PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee

➔ Theme 2025: "YANTRA – Yugantar for Advancing New Technology, Research & Acceleration"
YANTRA: Rooted in Indian scientific & cultural heritage Symbol of systems, synergy, and scalable
solutions
Yugantar: Means an epochal shift Signifies India’s leap from tech adaptation ➡ global leadership
➔ Hyderabad : Goldsikka unveils a new AI-powered Gold Melting ATM!
✨ Key Features: ? Buy, Sell & Exchange Gold, Lease & Digitise Gold, Monetise Gold & Jewellery
About Goldsikka:
Launched India’s 1st real-time Gold ATM in 2022
Now introducing a next-gen ATM with advanced AI features
Aims to redefine gold transactions for users

➔ MoU Signed • Andhra Pradesh government & Creativeland Asia Pvt. Ltd.
New Project- Launching India’s 1st “Transmedia Entertainment City”
Name of the City - Will be called “Creator Land”
 Project Goals - Make AP a hub for: Creative Economy , Tourism, Skill Development, Job Creation,
Digital Innovation
➔ Union Minister Sh Jyotiraditya M. Scindia Unveiled the theme for 9th Edition of India Mobile
Congress 2025 : ‘Innovate to Transform’. This year’s theme of IMC 2025 underscores the pivotal
role of innovation in shaping the future and enabling real, transformative change across sectors,
from industry and infrastructure to society and sustainability.
➔ Dr. Jitendra Singh dedicated one of the world’s first indigenously developed high-resolution
weather forecast systems — the Bharat Forecast System — at a launch ceremony held at Vigyan
Bhawan. Developed by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, the cutting-edge
system enhances India’s weather prediction resolution from 12 km to 6 km, enabling every village
in India to access more precise and location-specific forecasts.

➔ New Butterfly Alert!

First-ever sighting in India
Species: European Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta)
Location: Near Dharamshala, Dhauladhar mountain range, Himachal Pradesh
Type: Widely distributed migratory butterfly
Significance: Officially sighted and documented — a milestone in India’s butterfly records!

➔ New Butterfly Discovered in India!

? Location: Found in Basar, Leparada district, Arunachal Pradesh
? Species Name: Euthalia malaccana
? Taxonomy Update: Once thought to be a subspecies of Euthalia adonia Now confirmed as a
distinct species
? Global Presence: Seen mainly in Southeast Asia

➔ What is FRI (Financial Fraud Risk Indicator)?

A smart tool by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) Helps detect and prevent cyber
fraud related to digital payments
How does it work?
Uses multi-dimensional analysis to flag risky mobile numbers Provides advance actionable
intelligence to financial institutions
Risk Levels: Classifies mobile numbers into: Medium Risk, High Risk, Very High Risk
➔ Who benefits from FRI? ?
Banks, Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), UPI service providers
Why is it important?
Helps in validating mobile numbers before digital payments
Ensures extra protection for customers if the number is flagged
Enables institutions to take quick action and prevent fraud

➔ Meet Ankita – Assam’s New AI News Anchor

Gave a full report on the latest Cabinet meeting
First AI anchor in Assam – showing how AI is changing news in India
Introducing ANKUR – Ankita’s AI Elder Brother
Focus: Giving updates on welfare schemes
Will simplify how people understand government initiatives
Fun Fact: Ankita = AI for News | ANKUR = AI for Welfare Updates

➔ On May 26, 2025, India’s first Vistadome jungle safari train was launched, linking Dudhwa Tiger
Reserve and Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary to promote eco-tourism and conservation awareness.
 Aim: To blend eco-tourism, wildlife education, and rail-based travel by offering a panoramic jungle
safari experience.
Initiative: Launched under the “One Destination, Three Forests” scheme by the Uttar Pradesh Eco-
Tourism Board.

➔ Tiny plastic pellets called nurdles were found on beaches in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala.
This happened after the MSC ELSA3 container ship sank.
Why It Matters?
Experts warn it could harm marine life, coastal ecosystems, and even humans. These pellets can be
mistaken for food by sea creatures.
What Are Nurdles?
Raw materials for making plastic products.
Tiny, smooth pellets, usually 1–5 mm in size.
Made of plastic types like polyethene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and PVC.

➔ The Department of Posts, part of the Ministry of Communications, recently revealed two
innovative digital platforms – ‘Know Your DIGIPIN’ and ‘Know Your PIN Code’. This launch aligns
with the National Geospatial Policy 2022, aiming to enhance India’s addressing system and
geospatial governance. These platforms represent leap in modernising public service delivery.
➔ The recent storm that struck Delhi showcased a unique phenomenon known as a bow echo. This
meteorological event was visually represented on weather radar as a crescent shape. A bow echo
is a radar signature of a line of thunderstorms that appears bowed or curved. This formation can
range from 20 km to 100 km in length and typically lasts between three and six hours. The term
“bow echo” was introduced in the 1970s by meteorologist Ted Fujita.

➔ Asiatic lion population in Gujarat:

Increased to 891 lions (May 2025) Up from 674 lions in 2020 census
Population breakdown: 196 males, 330 females, 140 sub-adults, 225 cubs
This distribution indicates a healthy breeding population and successful cub survival rates.

➔ India launched the e-Zero FIR initiative to fight cybercrime

Goal: Fast-track FIR registration for big cyber financial fraud cases
Part of the Indian Cybercrime Coordination Centre (I4C)
➔ Himachal Pradesh (HP) has notified the Tsarap Chu Conservation Reserve under section 36A(1) of
Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to protect high-altitude biodiversity and strengthen snow leopard
habitats.
Tsarap Chu Conservation Reserve:
➔ About: It is India’s largest conservation reserve (1585 sq km area), located in Spiti Valley, and the
state’s fifth, joining Darlaghat, Naina Devi, Potter Hill, and Shilli reserves.

➔ NavIC played a crucial role in the success of Operation Sindoor

During Operation, India used NavIC (Navigation with Indian Constellation) across several layers of
combat operations such as Missile guidance, Drone navigation, Battle Damage Assessment, etc.
Developed by ISRO - - It was erstwhile officially known as the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite
System (IRNSS).
Coverage: Provides accurate Position, Velocity, and Timing (PVT) service up to region extending
about 1500 km beyond the Indian landmass.
Satellite Constellation: Consists of 7 satellites and a network of ground stations operating 24 x 7.
3 satellites are placed in geostationary orbit and 4 in inclined geosynchronous orbit.
-These satellites are equipped with dual-band signals (L5 and S-band). 05
 -Four global systems: GPS from the U.S., GLONASS from Russia., Galileo from European Union,
BeiDou from China.
-Two regional systems: NavIC from India, QZSS from Japan.

➔ India has initiated the process to develop Electric Hansa (E Hansa), a next-generation two-seater
electric trainer aircraft. The Electric Hansa (E-HANSA) trainer aircraft, developed by CSIR-NAL, is
expected to cost significantly less than imported alternatives, possibly around Rs 2 crore. This is
roughly half the price of a comparable imported trainer aircraft.
The E-HANSA is part of the larger HANSA-3 (NG) trainer aircraft program, which is designed to be
a cost-effective and indigenous option for pilot training in India.
➔ China has embarked on a pioneering space mission named Tianwen-2. Launched on 28 May 2025,
this mission aims to retrieve samples from the near-Earth asteroid 469219 Kamo ʻoalewa. This
asteroid is unique as it acts as a quasi satellite of Earth, orbiting between 15 to 39 million
kilometres away. The mission is step in China’s growing role in space exploration.
➔ Recent research has revealed vital information about the immune system’s response to malaria,
focusing on a previously underappreciated immune cell known as TR1 cells. This discovery,
published in April 2025, suggests that TR1 cells play important role in mounting an effective
immune response against malaria. The findings have implications for vaccine development and
the management of other challenging infections.
➔ NCW introduces Yashoda AI, aims to expand women’s access to AI and Cybersecurity training The
launch of ‘Yashoda AI: Your AI SAKHI’ to advance women’s AI literacy and digital awareness was
held at the Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, on May 22, 2025. Led by the
National Commission for Women (NCW), the Yashoda AI Abhiyan wants to stand as India's effort
to empower women, especially from rural and semi urban communities, with essential skills in
Artificial Intelligence, Cybersecurity, and Digital Safety.
➔ PSLV-C61/EOS-09 mission could not be accomplished: ISRO
Minutes after the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV C61), carrying the earth observation satellite
EOS-09, lifted off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota at 5:59 a.m., the space
agency said that the mission could not be “accomplished” due to a glitch in the third stage of the
launch vehicle. The PSLV was expected to place the satellite into a Sun Synchronous Polar Orbit
(SSPO) 17 minutes after lift-off.
➔ Airglow has been captured above the La Silla Observatory in Chile’s Atacama Desert.
About Airglow
Airglow occurs when atoms and molecules in the upper atmosphere, excited by ultraviolet ray
from sun, emit light in order to shed their excess energy. Airglow is ever-present in the night sky,
but is typically too faint to be seen by the naked eye and can only be detected by high-precision
cameras in dark locations.

➔ AWARDS
The Nicaraguan newspaper La Prensa has been announced as the laureate of the
UNESCO/Guillermo Cano World Press Freedom Prize 2025, on the recommendation of an
international jury of media professionals.
➔ Bhuwan Ribhu – Fighting for children’s rights for 20+ years using the rule of law
Global recognition: On May 5, he became the first Indian lawyer to receive the Medal of Honour
Awarded by the World Jurist Association
At the World Law Congress 2025 in the Dominican Republic
➔ President Droupadi Murmu today conferred the 58th Jnanpith Award on Sanskrit scholar
Jagadguru Rambhadracharya at a function in New Delhi. Jagadguru Rambhadracharya and the
renowned Urdu poet and lyricist Gulzar have been selected for this prestigious award for 2023.
➔ Brazilian scientist Mariangela Hungria recently won the 2025 World Food Prize for her pioneering
work in reducing the use of chemical fertilisers and developing biological seed and soil treatments
 to boost crop yields and nutrition.
➔ Spiritual leader Sadhguru was conferred with the CIF Global Indian Award by the Canada India
Foundation for his "unparalleled contributions towards creating a conscious planet" and his
leadership in tackling environmental challenges.
➔ Rapper Raja Kumari becomes first Indian origin musician to win AMA award Indian singer-
songwriter Raja Kumari wins AMA for ‘Arcane League of Legends’ soundtrack.

➔ Human Development Report 2025

A matter of choice: People and possibilities in the age of AI ( Released by: UNDP)
India’s Rank in Human Development (2025 HDR)
130th out of 193 countries and territories
Key Highlights
Stalled Human Progress, Rising Inequality, Rich nations keep improving, Poor nations face
stagnation, AI & Future of Work, 1 in 5 people worldwide now use AI tools.
AI is rapidly transforming how we live and work.

➔ The Global EV Outlook 2025

released by the International Energy Agency (IEA).
Key Findings
EV Share: Over 1 in 4 cars sold globally in 2024 was electric.
China, leads with nearly 50% of global EV car sales.
Asia and Latin America (notably Thailand, Vietnam, and Brazil) are emerging as new EV growth
hubs.
Projection: Despite uncertainties, EVs are expected to reach over 40% share of global car sales.
Manufacturing: China remains the global EV production leader, contributing > 70% of total output.
2 & 3-Wheelers: Most electrified transport segment in 2024.
India, leads global growth in electric three-wheelers (~20% YoY growth in2024), aided by PM E-
DRIVE.
➔ Total Fertility Rate remains constant at 2.0 in 2021
The Sample Registration System (SRS) Statistical Report 2021, released by the Registrar General of
India (RGI), highlights that India’s Total Fertility Rate (TFR) has remained constant at 2.0 in 2021,
the same as in 2020.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

– The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.
– A TFR of 2.1 is considered the replacement level needed to maintain a stable population.

Key Findings
Bihar has reported the highest TFR at 3.0, while Delhi and West Bengal reported the lowest TFR of
1.4. The mean age at effective marriage for females has increased from 19.3 years in 1990 to 22.5
years in 2021.
Significance of the Findings
-Population Stabilization : TFR of 2.0 shows India is nearing population stability
Reduced pressure on resources, public services, environment
-Demographic Dividend :Larger working-age population = higher productivity & economic
growth
- Improved Maternal Health: Fewer births + delayed marriages = less maternal mortality, better
child care, healthier families
- Women Empowerment : Lower fertility linked to education, workforce entry & autonomy
Results in stronger social and economic outcomes
➔ Negative Impacts of Declining TFR
 -Ageing Population
More elderly dependents = stress on working class
Greater need for pension, healthcare, and social welfare
- Skewed Sex Ratio
fertility drop + gender bias= rise in sex selective practices
risk pf unbalanced male female ratios
-demographic imbalance : Wide state-wise fertility gaps = increased migration
Potential for cultural shift & strain on low-TFR states

While the stabilization of TFR is a positive indicator for controlling population growth, it also
brings new challenges.
The rising elderly population will increase demand for healthcare services, pensions, and social
welfare schemes.

➔ BOOKS
Original sin by jake tapper &alex thompson
PMO by Himanshu roy
Ramanujan by Arun sehgal & Devendra kumar sharma

➔ APPOINTMENTS
- Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai succeeds Chief Justice Sanjiv Khanna as the 52nd Chief Justice
of India.
- Dr. Ajay Kumar, Former Secretary, Ministry of Defence took the Oath of Office and Secrecy as
Chairman, UPSC. The Oath was administered by Lt.Gen. Raj Shukla (Retd.), the senior most
Member of the Commission.
- Anil Kumble : Former Indian cricket team captain Anil Kumble has been appointed ambassador
of the Karnataka Forest Department and for wildlife conservation.
- Anthony Albanese elected as Prime Minister of Australia.
- Alok Joshi National Security Advisory Board reconstituted, former R&AW chief appointed
Chairman Amid rising tensions with Pakistan, Government reorganizes NSAB with Alok Joshi as
Chairman and seven new members

➔ IMPORTANT DAYS OF MAY

MAY 1- INTERNATIONAL LABOUR DAY 2025 -THE THEME FOR THIS YEAR’S INTERNATIONAL
LABOUR DAY IS “SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK: THE ROLE OF AI AND DIGITALIZATION.”
MAY 6 - WORLD ASTHMA DAY 2025 - THE THEME “MAKE INHALED TREATMENTS ACCESSIBLE
FOR ALL”.
MAY 8 WORLD THALASSEMIA DAY 2025 - THE THEME "TOGETHER FOR THALASSAEMIA: UNITING
COMMUNITIES, PRIORITISING PATIENTS".
MAY 8 -WORLD RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT DAY - THE THEME - "KEEPING HUMANITY
ALIVE"
10 MAY AND 11 OCTOBER - THE THEME “SHARED SPACES: CREATING BIRD-FRIENDLY CITIES AND
COMMUNITIES,”
MAY 12 - INTERNATIONAL NURSES DAY 2025 -THE THEME - "OUR NURSES. OUR FUTURE.
CARING FOR NURSES STRENGTHENS ECONOMIES"
MAY 21 - INTERNATIONAL TEA DAY 2025 - THE THEME - “TEA FOR BETTER LIVES”
MAY 25 WORLD FOOTBALL DAY 2025 THE THEME FOR WORLD FOOTBALL DAY 2025 IS
"TOGETHER, WE ARE STRONGER".
MAY 31 WORLD NO TOBACCO DAY 2025 -THE THEME FOR WORLD NO TOBACCO DAY 2025 IS
“BRIGHT PRODUCTS. DARK INTENTIONS. UNMASKING THE APPEAL”
➔ OBITUARIES
-Joseph Nye – influential American political scientist
Passed away on May 6, 2025, at the age of 88 ? Introduced the term “soft power” in international
relations
His ideas reshaped how nations influence others without force
-Saroj Ghose, the founding Director General of the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM),
and the father of India’s science museum movement, passed away at 89. The founding Director
General of the National Council of Science Museums served in that capacity from 1979 to 1997
-Dr Jayant Vishnu Narlikar, who was an eminent astrophysicist and science communicator, passed
away in Pune. Dr Jayant Vishnu Narlikar set up the Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and
Astrophysics (IUCAA) and was its Founder Director.
-Dr. M. R. Srinivasan – pioneering Indian nuclear scientist & mechanical engineer passed away ⚛
Key role in India’s nuclear energy programme ? Former Chairman of the Atomic Energy
Commission ? Founding Chairman of Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL)

➔ Atal Pension Yojana

It is an initiative of the Government to provide financial security and cover future exigencies for
the people in the unorganised sector.
APY is administered by Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) under the
overall administrative and institutional architecture of the National Pension System (NPS).
Eligibility: Open to all bank account holders aged 18 to 40 years.
-Applicants must not be income tax payers.
-Contribution amount varies based on the chosen pension slab and age of joining.

➔ Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)

✅ Accident Insurance Cover
Covers accidental death or disability
Coverage up to ₹2 Lakhs ? For people aged 18 to 70 years
Just ₹20/year (~ ₹1.66/month)
Key Features - - One-year cover, renewable annually (1st June 31st May)
Available via Public Sector General Insurance Companies
Tied up with banks/post offices for implementation
Auto-debit enabled from your bank/post office account