History project
Life Sketch and Contributions of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Early Life and Education
Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, widely known as Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, was born on
October 15, 1931, in Rameswaram, a small town in Tamil Nadu, India. He hailed from a modest
family; his father, Jainulabdeen, was a boat owner and his mother, Ashiamma, was a
homemaker. Despite financial constraints, Kalam was a diligent student and demonstrated a
keen interest in science and mathematics from a young age.
He pursued his education at St. Joseph's College in Tiruchirappalli and later graduated in
aerospace engineering from the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT). His early academic
achievements were marked by his intense dedication and curiosity, setting the stage for his
future contributions to science and technology.
Career in Space and Missile Programs
Dr. Kalam’s professional career began with the Defence Research and Development Organisation
(DRDO) and later with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). His work was
instrumental in advancing India’s space and missile technology. Some of his key contributions
include:
SLV (Satellite Launch Vehicle): Dr. Kalam played a pivotal role in the development of
India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle, which successfully placed the Rohini satellite into
orbit in 1980. This was a significant milestone for India's space program.
AGNI and PRITHVI Missiles: Under his leadership, India developed a range of missiles,
including the AGNI (a long-range ballistic missile) and PRITHVI (a surface-to-surface
missile). These contributions were crucial in strengthening India’s defense capabilities
and establishing it as a key player in the field of missile technology.
Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests: Dr. Kalam was also involved in the successful execution of
India’s nuclear tests in Pokhran in 1998, which established India’s position as a nuclear
power. His role in the tests earned him the nickname "Missile Man of India."
Presidency and Legacy
In 2002, Dr. Kalam was elected as the 11th President of India, serving from 2002 to 2007. His
presidency was marked by his approachable demeanor and his focus on the development of the
nation. He was often referred to as the "People's President" due to his interactions with
students and the public.
During his tenure, he emphasized the importance of science and technology in national
development and inspired many with his vision for a developed India. His tenure was marked by
his efforts to promote education, especially in science and technology, and his advocacy for the
integration of technology with socio-economic development.
After his presidency, Dr. Kalam continued to be actively involved in education and inspirational
speaking. He wrote several books, including "Wings of Fire," an autobiography that details his
journey from a small town in Tamil Nadu to the pinnacle of Indian scientific achievement.
Death and Legacy
Dr. Kalam passed away on July 27, 2015, while delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute of
Management Shillong. His death was widely mourned, and he was remembered for his
contributions to science, education, and his dedication to nation-building.
Dr. Kalam’s legacy is that of a visionary scientist, a beloved educator, and a respected leader. His
life and work continue to inspire generations of Indians and people around the world,
embodying his belief in the power of dreams, hard work, and the pursuit of knowledge. His
vision for a developed and self-reliant India remains a guiding principle for many in the fields of
science and education.
–––––––––––––––x––––x–––––––––x––––––––x––––x––
