History of Sports
Ancient Times: Sports have been part of human history since ancient civilizations like Egypt,
Greece, and China. Activities such as wrestling, running, and javelin were common.
Olympics: The Ancient Olympic Games began in 776 BC in Greece, held in honor of Zeus.
Modern Olympics were revived in 1896.
Medieval & Renaissance: Sports like jousting and fencing were practiced by nobles; peasants
played simpler games like football (soccer).
Modern Era: The 19th and 20th centuries saw the formalization of rules and the founding of
sports organizations (e.g., FIFA, NBA, IOC).
Individual sports require the solitary player from both sides to have tremendous focus,
discipline, resilience, determination, self-accountability, and self-confidence.
Dual sports involve two competing pairs, where the collective efforts of both players in the team
dictate success or failure.
Tennis and Its Corresponding Skills
1. shake hand grip
2. pen hold grip
3. ready position
4. forehand and backhand
5. basic hitting
6. topspin serve
7. basic position, forehand, and backhand drive
8. forehand and backhand push
Badminton and Its Corresponding Skills
1. forehand grip
2. backhand grip
3. ready position and footwork
4. serve
5. long serve
6. short serve (forehand and backhand)
7. forehand and backhand overhead stroke
8. forehand and backhand clear
9. forehand and backhand drop
10.forehand and backhand smash
11.forehand and backhand drive
Other Examples of Individual or Dual Sports
(Sports — Basic Skills)
● Running - ankle drills, lift the heel, high knee lift
● Boxing - stance, punch, and defense
● Golf - rive or full swing
● Cycling - obeying the traffic rules, riding efficiently
● Mixed martial arts (Judo, taekwondo, etc.) - striking, hitting, and kicking
Preparatory Skills to Sport Participation
(Movement Skills — Definitions — Samples)
● Locomotors
- Associated with body movements
- galloping, running, sliding, skipping, leaping, jumping, and landing
● Non-locomotors
- Also known as statics
- balance, weight transfer, curling, bending, stretching and twisting
● Manipulative
- Involves the manipulation of an object.
- throwing, catching, dribbling, kicking, and striking
Skill-Related Fitness Component
1. Agility (quickness)
● dual sport : Lawn tennis
● movements : controlling and altering posture and directions to hit the ball
2. Balance
● dual sport : Cycling, Gymnastics
● movements : pedaling while riding a bicycle acrobatic events, including balance
beam and uneven bars
3. Coordination
● dual sport : Table tennis
● movements : forehand and backhand drive to hit the ball
4. Power
● dual sport : Powerlifting
● movements : lifting weights on three lifts-squat, bench press, and deadlift
5. Reaction Time
● dual sport : Swimming
● movements : performing swimming strokes, diving in the pool signaling
6. Speed
● dual sport : Athletics badminton
● movements : sprinting, hitting the shuttlecock, playing a drop shot
Types of Sports
Individual Sports
> involve one participant on each competing side
● Examples
- badminton
- cycling
- golf
- karate
Dual and Team Sports
> involve two or more participants
● Examples
- badminton (dual)
- tennis (dual)
- basketball (team)
- volleyball (team)
- soccer (team)
Individual, dual, and team sports are also categorized as:
1. Creative (dance aerobics, cheerleading, and gymnastics)
2. Adventure (rock climbing and canoeing)
3. Combat (judo, boxing, karate, and taekwondo)
RULES IN SPORTS
1. Warm-up and Cool-down
2. Use of proper Gear
3. Follow Rules and Fair Play
4. Hydration and Nutrition
5. Know Your Limits
6. Safe Environment
7. Supervision
