40 17. (907) Big bands lost _____ support after WW II.

What
are the smaller groups called?
Chapter 36 Financial; combos
Postwar Crosscurrents
18. What is a cutting contest?
1. [903] What is the central theme of Western music Play jazz tunes at a fast speed
history since the mid-nineteenth century?
Growing pluralism, which means new popular traditions 19. What is the new jazz style that comes from this?
Bop or bebop
2. What are some of the things that pushed this trend?
Economic boom in the US and Western Europe, better 20. TQ: What is a contrafact?
communications, desire to explore new possibilities Something that already exists and is borrowed for a new use; it
comes from the contrafactum of the Lutherans taking
3. Know the definitions of the boldface terms. chant and changing the text from Latin to German
Rock and roll; bebop, free jazz; country music, salsa; wind
ensembles 21. What are the characteristics?
4. (904) What are the common themes of pluralism? Extreme virtuosity, harmonic ingenuity, dissonances,
Harder music; music for attentive listening; new techniques chromaticism, complicated rhythms, focus on solo
from new sounds and textures and recording elements; voices, improvisation
borrowing styles from other traditions
22. (908) What's the instrumentation of such a combo?
5. What catastrophic event occurred in the 1930s? 40s? Piano, drums, bass, and one or more melody instruments
Depression; WW II (trumpet, alto or tenor saxophone or trombone)

6. (907) Who are the existentialist writers? 23. What was the function of bop?
Jean-Paul Sartre, Albert Camus (the existence of the human Listening instead of dancing
being as an individual)
24. How were the compositions notated?
7. What political element took control of eastern Europe? They weren't; they were performed, preserved on recordings
Communism they became classics, they were analyzed, and reviewed
in critical essays
8. What is the name of the political conflict? What are the
names of the two units and who belongs to each? 25. Who were the performers in Anthropology?
Cold War; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, U.S., Canada, Charlie Parker (the "Bird), alto saxophone; Dizzy Gillespie,
western Europe; Warsaw Pact (communist countries) trumpet

9. What's the next group founded in 1945? 26. What is the structure of a bop tune? What is a lead sheet?
United Nations Introduction; head (main tune played in unison/octaves);
several choruses; ending with the head; music that only
10. What are the next wars? What is the date of the moon has the melody and chord symbols
landing?
Korean War (1950-53), Cuban missile crisis (1962), Vietnam 27. (909) Who are the players?
War (1954-75); 1969 Miles Davis, trumpet; John Coltrane, tenor saxophone;
Thelonious Monk, piano; Bud Powell, piano; Kenny
11. (905) TQ: What is a baby boom? G.I. Bill? Clarke, drums; Max Roach, drums
Lots of children born; Government Issue Bill that gave
soldiers money to go to college (about $300 per month 28. Who is cool? What are the traits? Who else? Improviser?
for 36 months) Miles Davis; softer timbres, slow; Modern Jazz Quartet, Dave
Brubeck; composer-arranger
12. (906) Know the meaning of 78-rpm, LP, "45s."
13. Know transistor radio and disc jockey. 29. Who and what is hard bop?
14. When were tape recorders invented? Became common? Drummers Kenny Clarke, Max Roach, Art Blakey; percussive
1930s; 1950s side of jazz

15. When did India become independent? 30. Who and what is modal jazz?
1947 Miles Davis; slowly unfolding melodies of stable, relatively
static modal harmonies
16. Name the two figures important for the civil rights
movement.
Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr.

Burkholder/Grout/Palisca, Ninth Edition, Chapter 36

31. Who was the pianist who worked with Davis on Spanish 45. What were country song stories about?
elements? Heartbreak, hard times, nostalgia for home
Gil Evans
46. What are the characteristics that indicate country?
32. What is modern jazz? Rural speech (word choice or twang) and signals of
Any of the new jazz styles from be-bop and beyond sadness/nostalgia (breaks in the voice or bending notes
on the steel guitar)
33. What is the comparison to the different styles in classical
music? 47. Describe the music.
A desire to say something new in a distinctive style that Singer strumming a guitar, backup singing in close harmony
remained rooted in the tradition or a band (fiddle and guitars or electric and pedal steel
guitars)
34. Who and what is free jazz?
Ornette Coleman; move away from jazz standards and familiar 48. (912) What are the subclassifications? What are the
tunes to melodic and harmonic gestures, innovative characteristics?
sounds, atonality, free forms Western swing – dance music with country fiddling and
cowboy music, jazz and swing, honky-tonk, bluegrass –
35. Describe the album Free Jazz. What is the up-tempo fiddling/banjo picking with blues and jazz,
instrumentation? Who is the American abstract virtuosity, more for listening than dancing
expressionist artist?
The piece is 37 minutes of group improvisation; two quartets 49. Name the stars.
of reed instruments, trumpet, bass, and drums; Jackson Hank Williams, Johnny Cash
Pollack
50. What's the capital? Theatre?
36. What are Coltrane's contributions? Nashville, Tennessee; the Grand Ol' Opry
Fast playing, motivic development, new sonorities, greater
dissonance and density of sound 51. (913) What's the new style that involves electric guitars?
City? Musician?
37. When did jazz have its classics? What was the result? Electric blues; Chicago, Muddy Waters
1970s; jazz bands in schools, critics/historians chronicle jazz,
jazz history becomes part of the curriculum 52. What phrase replaced "race music"?
Rhythm & Blues (R&B)
38. Between wars, popular music was aligned with what?
Musicals and jazz 53. What comprised an R&B group?
Vocalist/vocal quartet, piano/organ, electric guitar, bass,
39. (911) After WW II, which group determined popular drums. In the 1950s electric guitar and electric bass
music styles? replaced the saxophone and acoustic bass
Teenagers
54. What structure did they use?
40. What is the meaning of generation gap? 12-bar blues or 32-bar choruses
Two adjacent generations do not share similar experiences
55. What are the traits?
41. The music that people listened to affected their ____ and Insistent rhythm, emphasis on back beats, 4/4 meter, whining
_______. guitar, repetitive amplified bass line
Dress, behavior
56. What is a cover?
42. What is the meaning of charts? Remake of a song by a different performer
The popularity of 45-rpm record sales
57. Elvis Presley covered _____ in ______.
43. What is another term for country music? What are its Willie Mae "Big Mama" Thornton, Hound Dog
sources?
Country-and-western; hillbilly music from ballads and fiddle 58. Through what means did whites assist blacks in the civil
tunes; western cowboy songs (Gene Autry); 19th-century rights movement?
popular songs; blues, banjo music, African-American In black urban style music
traditions; big band swing; gospel songs
59. Who coined the term rock and roll?
44. Why was it valued? Alan Freed, Cleveland disc jockey
Energy, sincere sentiments, witty wordplay (Tin Pan Alley
holdover), rural and working-class American 60. What are the traits of R&R?
experiences Beat of R&B with milder guitar background of C&W

© 2014, 2009, 2007, 2001, 2000 Ted A. DuBois

41 74. How did folk music differ from rock, for example?
Simple, one or more singers with guitar or banjo
61. What's the instrumentation? accompaniment with audience participation
Amplified or electric guitars for rhythm and melody, electric
bass and drums, possible with other instruments 75. What was the objective of folk music in the 1960s?
Protest
62. What forms did they use?
Tin Pan Alley, blues, rhythm and vocal styles from boogie- 76. What is their national anthem?
woogie to country twangs and gospel shouts We Shall Overcome

63. What is the subject matter? What is the range of vocal 77. Who were some of the artists?
styles? Woody Guthrie, Pete Seeger
Love or sex; raucous, wailing voice to romantic ballads
78. Who protested the Vietnam War?
64. What launched R&R? Who was the star? Who was the Joan Baez, Bob Dylan
black R&R star?
"Rock Around the Clock by Bill Haley and the Comets in 79. What are the titles of their songs?
Blackboard Jungle (1955); Elvis Presley; Chuck Berry Blowin' in the Wind (1962), The Times They Are A-Changin'
(1963)
65. (914) Who are the members of the Beatles? When did
they rise to fame? What is their studio recording 80. (916) What is soul?
example? R&B with intense expression, melismas, ecstatic vocalizations
John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison, Ringo Starr; of gospel singing
1964; Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967)
81. Who were the leading performers? The examples?
66. Who is part of the British Invasion? Ray Charles, James Brown, Otis Redding, Aretha Franklin;
Rolling Stones, Kinks, Animals, Who, Cream Say It Loud-I'm Black and I'm Proud (1968), Respect
(1967)
67. What is the basis of their music?
Blues 82. What's the name of the Detroit-based record company?
Who is the producer? What are the groups?
68. Who are the guitar virtuosos? Motown; Berry Gordy; Smokey Robinson and the Miracles,
Jimi Hendrix, Eric Clapton the Supremes, the Temptations, the Four Tops, Martha
and the Vandellas; Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder,
69. (915) What and when was the famous outdoor concert? Michael Jackson
Woodstock, 1969
83. What is Tex-Mex?
70. What are some of the different styles and groups? Mariachi music, polka, with American country music
Beach Boys, California style; Steppenwolf, heavy metal;
Jefferson Airplane and the Grateful dead 84. What is salsa?
acid/psychedelic rock; Led Zeppelin and Aerosmith, Cuban dance style with jazz, rock, and Puerto Rican elements
hard rock; avant-garde rock, Frank Zappa
85. How many in a salsa band? Who's the performer?
71. Who is the audience? What is the message? Dance or 10-14 for vocals, piano, Cuban percussion (timbales, claves,
listening music? Quiet or raucous in public conga drum), bass, brass; Tito Puente
performance?
Youth; opposition to prevailing political and social 86. (917) Usually traditional music unites cultures. What did
expectations; listening; raucous the new popular music do?
Set young against old, rural against urban
72. Who promoted folk music?
The Weavers; Peter, Paul, and Mary 87. (917) Who are the teams of the musical?
Richard Rodgers; Lorenz Hart, Oscar Hammerstein II
73. What's the difference between folk music and folk Frederick Loewe; Alan Jay Lerner
music?
The popular songs type were newly-composed songs by 88. What were Irving Berlin's works? Cole Porter's?
known authors and sold through sheet music and Annie Get Your Gun (1946), Call Me Madam (1950);
recordings vs. songs of unknown origins that are passed Kiss Me, Kate (1948)
down by oral tradition

Burkholder/Grout/Palisca, Ninth Edition, Chapter 36

 89. Name the Rodgers and Hammerstein musicals. 103. What new works were written for band?
Oklahoma! (1943), South Pacific (1949), The King and I Schoenberg, Theme and Variations, Op. 43a (1943), Milhaud's
(1951), The Sound of Music (1959) Suite Française (1944), Hindemith's Symphony in Bb
(1951)
90. Who was the choreographer for Oklahoma!?
Agnes de Mille 104. Who established the wind ensemble? Where?
Frederick Fennell, Eastman School of Music, 1952
91. What are the musicals with racial themes?
South Pacific, The King and I, Flower Drum Song (1958) 105. What was the motivation of writing for wind ensembles?
There were serious ensembles in place, they could commission
92. Leonard Bernstein made his conducting debut with the a piece, and the composer could make the music
NY Philharmonic in 19__. His musicals were: available through publishers
1944; On the Town (1944), West Side Story (1957) with
libretto by Stephen Sondheim and choreography by 106. Name the composers and their works.
Jerome Robbins Vincent Persichetti, Divertimento (1950), Symphony No. 6,
Op. 69 (1956); William Schuman, George Washington
93. (919) What cultures are represented in Fiddler on the Bridge; Copland, Emblems (1964), Penderecki,
Roof (1964) and Hair (1967)? Pittsburgh Overture (1967), Joseph Schwantner, …and
Russian Jewish life; urban hippie life the mountains rising nowhere (1977)

94. Who is the first film composer mentioned here? His 107. (921) Summarize the points of Symphony for Band.
movie? His style? Piece was commissioned Washington University Band
Miklos Rozsa; angular, contrapuntal, tonal for film noir to Four movements. #6 of nine symphonies (#5 for string
mock-ancient style for Ben Hur (1959) orchestra; the rest are for full orchestra). First mvt. has a
slow introduction and fast sonata form
95. Who are the next ones?
Alex North, A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), jazz 108. What is the advantage of band music? What's the
Leonard Bernstein, On the Waterfront (1954), atonal/serial problem?
Bernard Hermann, Citizen Kane (1941), Vertigo (1958), North New works can go into the repertoire.
by Northwest (1959), Psycho (1960), dissonance Wind music still lacks the status of music for strings or
orchestra because of its association with marches,
96. What was the style of Westerns? entertainment music, and amateur performers
Diatonic Even though Husa's Music for Prague has had over 8,000
performances, Husa has earned more prestige in classical
97. Who added popular music to the Western? music.
Ennio Morricone, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly (1967)
109. What works have won awards?
98. Who added multicultural music? String Quartet No. 3 (Pulitzer Prize, 1969); Cello Concerto
Mikis Theodorakis, Zorba the Greek (1964) (Grawemeyer Award, 1983)

99. How was electronic music used in film? 110. And now the summary statements for "Roll Over,
Psychologically upsetting events, strange/supernatural, space Beethoven."
aliens Popular music has grown in popularity
There are classics in popular music
100. What was new about David Raskin's Laura (1944)? Who Broadway musical and jazz have continued to do well
else benefited from this? Film music has gained in popularity
Theme song became a popular song hit; Elvis Presley beach Postwar classical or art music has not fared well
movies; the Beatles' A Hard Days Night (1964)

101. What is the term for the music from a film?

Soundtrack

102. (920) Who were the 20th-century bandmasters? How

many bands in the 1960s? What are the two
organizations? What is the new medium?
Edwin Franco Goldman, Richard Franko Goldman; 50,000;
American Bandmasters Association (1930), College
Band Directors National Association (1942)

© 2014, 2009, 2007, 2001, 2000 Ted A. DuBois