LESSON 5: RIZAL’S EXILE, TRIAL, AND EXECUTION HISTORY 12
SUMMER CLASS | S.Y. 2023-2024 | Mina, Stevin Carl N.
● One portion of the house is allotted for the school for the
RIZAL’S EXILE IN DAPITAN young boys in Talisay. He accepted students without them
paying any tuition fee
● The other part was used for his eye clinic which was
July 17, 1892
known in the country and also in Hong Kong.
● He also built a house for the ladies in his family who were
● Dr. José Rizal arrived in Dapitan, exiled by the Spanish free to visit him in Dapitan.
government on suspicion of his involvement in the ● Carnicero also wrote a letter to Governor General to allow
rebellion. his mother and sisters to join him in Dapitan
● He was escorted with his guard, Captain Ricardo Carnicero
● In his first night, he viewed Dapitan as a place full of ADDITIONAL INFO:
darkness and it ended his career ➔ He earned a lot of money because some of his customers
came from HongKong and from wealthy families in the
CHOICE WHERE TO LIVE other provinces of the country. He used the money as
capital for his lumber business in Dapitan and as he
● Rizal was given the choice to live in the house of the parish wrote to his friend Blumentritt, he earned money in
priest, Fr. Antonio Obach or at Carnicero’s house Dapitan which made him wealthy
● He could live in the priest’s quarters only if:
➔ He publicly retracted his masonic and antichurch May 4, 1893
beliefs
➔ He regularly participate in church rites ● Captain Ricardo Carcinero was replaced by Captain Juan
➔ He conduct himself as a good Spanish subject Sitges.
and a man of religion ● Sitges does not want to live with a deportee so he
● he did not want to retract his writings he chose to live in assigned Rizal to live in a house near the headquarters.
the house of Captain Ricardo Carnicero
FR. FRANCISCO DE PAULA SANCHEZ
August 26, 1892
➔ The Jesuits sent his old professor at the Ateneo, Fr.
● Rizal made him a bust and composed a poem in his honor Francisco de Paula Sanchez – to entice him back to the
A Don Ricardo Carnicero on his birthday on August 26, church
1892
RIZAL’S CONTRIBUTION TO DAPITAN
LIFE IN TALISAY
1. He opened an eye clinic for the poor, some of his
WINNING IN LOTTERY patients came from different parts of the country and
from Hong Kong.
● Capitan Ricardo, Jose Rizal and the other guard decided to bet 2. He developed waterways so that the people in Talisay,
on a lottery and luckily, they won 20,000 pesos. Dapitan could have clean water
● The lottery ticket number is 9736 3. He developed a system for the lighting using
● They divided the money among themselves and Jose Rizal used coconut oil lamps and cleaning of the areas to avoid
the money that he received to purchase a piece of land which mosquitos.
was one kilometer away from Dapitan, the place of Talisay. 4. He established a school that catered to the education of
● His guard allowed him to put up a house in Talisay on the the young people for free.
condition that he would report to Capitan Ricardo three times a 5. He taught the more advanced system of farming.
day. 6. He initiated the founding of a cooperative for the
fishermen in Talisay.
OCTAGONAL HOUSE 7. He developed studies about the different species that
could be found in Dapitan.
8. He invented "sulpukan" lighter and the machinery in
● He used his money to build an octagonal house made up
making bricks.
of bamboo and nipa in Talisay.
HISTORY 12: WORKS OF RIZAL LESSON #5 | ROSARIO, NHERIE KRIZIA F. | BLOCK 15 | 123-0152 1
LESSON 5: RIZAL’S EXILE, TRIAL, AND EXECUTION HISTORY 12
SUMMER CLASS | S.Y. 2023-2024 | Mina, Stevin Carl N.
9. He initiated the foundation of the cooperative for the restaurant in Hong Kong. But Jose Rizal asked his parents
farmers. and sisters to accept Josephine because according to Rizal,
10. He worked for the development of the sugar, abaca and Josephine Tried her best to make him happy. And this was
lumber trading evident on the letter written by Rizal to his mother
PABLO MERCADO MARRIAGE
➔ Assumed name of the spy who visited Rizal at his house ➔ Rizal and Josephine tried to have themselves married in
and pretended to be a relative by showing a photo of Rizal Catholic rites but Fr. Obach required Rizal retract his
and a pair of buttons with the initials P.M. as evidence of beliefs
kinship. The spy stayed in Dapitan and spread talks among
the people that he was a relative to Rizal. PREGNANCY
➔ His true name is Florencio Namaan
➔ Josephine got pregnant but their son was born
PIO VALENZUELA prematurely. It was believed to be named Peter or from
other sources Francisco, after his father Don Francisco
➔ When Rizal was in Dapitan, he was able to visit him to Mercado.
convince him to join the cause.
➔ He was asking for advice on how to launch a revolution RIZAL’S IMPRISONMENT & DEATH
➔ He also offered Rizal the plan of shipping him to Hong
Kong. Failing to convince Rizal, he sailed home and
➔ When Rizal was imprisoned in Fort Santiago,
reported to Bonifacio.
Josephine lived with the family of Rizal but because
Teodora Alonso did not want her, she decided to live with
● Rizal objected to the projected revolution, the
her friend Manuela, a known mistress of a friar.
revolutionaries must have enough arms and weapons
➔ After the death of Rizal, Josephine said that Rizal married
her so she was entitled to an inheritance. She Was said to
JOSEPHINE BRACKEN be the source of the issue of Rizal's retraction.
➔ When she could not get anything from the family of
Rizal, she stole some of the paintings and documents of
Rizal and sold those paintings in Hong Kong and one of
His busy life in Dapitan did not become a them was the painting of Juan Luna entitled "The Parisian
hindrance for Rizal to have an affair. On Life.”
This far island came his dulce estrangera,
Josephine Bracken. Josephine was THE END OF THE DAPITAN EXILE
eighteen years old when Rizal met her.
December 17, 1895
➔ During the peak of the Cuban revolution, Rizal heard the
HOW DID RIZAL AND JOSEPHINE MEET? news that there was a shortage of physicians in Cuba.
➔ He followed the advice of his friend Ferdinand Blumentritt
to offer himself as part of the Spanish Medical corps.
➔ She went to Dapitan with Mr. George Tauffer, a blind man
➔ So he wrote a request to Governor General Ramon Blanco
who adopted Josephine. Because Rizal was known as an
on December 17, 1895.
eye specialist in Hong Kong, Mr. Tauffer decided to go to
Dapitan to consult his condition with Jose Rizal. While
July 1, 1896
staying in Dapitan, Josephine fell in love with Jose (Jose
Rizal)while Rizal was also attracted to the charming face
and kind behavior of Josephine. Rizal's mother objected to ➔ Rizal received a letter saying that he was accepted to serve
their relationship because Josephine had a mysterious as a physician in Cuba. But It only reached Rizal on the
origin. She had a modest education and worked in a 30th of July. At that time, Rizal already lost his interest in
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LESSON 5: RIZAL’S EXILE, TRIAL, AND EXECUTION HISTORY 12
SUMMER CLASS | S.Y. 2023-2024 | Mina, Stevin Carl N.
serving Cuba but still he decided to continue since he August 19, 1896
already gave his word of honor.
➔ The letter also stated that Rizal will be given a pass so that
➔ The Katipunan plot to overthrow the Spanish rule by
he can go to Manila,then to Spain where its Minister of
means of revolution
War will assign him to the Army of Operations in Cuba.
➔ The revolution was discovered by Fr. Mariano Gil after
Teodoro Patiño’s disclosure of the organization’s secret
July 31, 1896 ➔ At that time, the katipunan was already discovered and
the Philippine Revolution was already raging
➔ After 4 years, this marks the end of Rizal’s exile in
Dapitan. Theodoro Patiño
➔ Before he left, he burned down his house, sold off his ➔ revealed the secret to Honoria Patiño, her sister who was
things, and gave a piece of his land to Talisay to his trusted an inmate nun at the Mandaluyong Orphanage. Honoria
workers. was shocked and very upset with the revelation
➔ He also wrote an emotional poem entitled Canto del
Viajero (The Song of the Traveler). STATE OF WAR
➔ At the midnight of that day, he left aboard the steamer
España
➔ In the afternoon, Governor General Blanco proclaimed a
➔ The townspeople of Dapitan wept because they state of war in the first eight provinces rising arms against
considered Rizal as a good son and neighbor. Spain
OTHER INFORMATION:
1. Manila
● He left together with his wife, Josephine, his sisters, 2. Bulacan
Narcisa, his niece, Angelica, three nephews and six
3. Cavite
students.
4. Batangas
● On the way to Manila, Rizal made stopovers in Dumaguete 5. Laguna
and Manila. In Dumaguete, he met with his former
6. Pampanga
classmate Judge Herrero Regidor and had dinner together.
7. Nueva
● While in Cebu, Rizal successfully performed an ophthalmic Ecija
operation to a cross-eyed merchant
8. Tarlac
August 06, 1896
➔ At that time, rumors spread out that he was involved with
➔ He successfully arrived in Manila but was left by the vessel the Katipunan
Isla de Luzon that was supposed to take him to Spain. ➔ Rizal received letters from Governor General Blanco which
➔ He was transferred to the next ship, Castilla. absolved him from all the blame for the raging revolution
➔ He was prohibited from leaving the vicinity but was
allowed to accept visitors so long as they were his CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN (August 23, 1896)
immediate family.
➔ Rizal remained aboard the Castilla from August 06 to ➔ The cry of Pugad Lawin happened on August 23, 1896 at
September 02, 1896 Balintawak.
➔ The Cry, defined as that turning point when the Filipinos
OTHER INFORMATION: finally refused Spanish colonial dominion over the
● The Katipunan made an attempt to rescue Rizal and Philippine Islands.
smuggle him to Japan.
➔ With tears in their eyes, the people, as one man, pulled
● Emilio Jacinto, accompanied by other Katipuneros, out their cedulas and tore them into pieces.
smuggled himself aboard pretending to be a sailor and
➔ It was the beginning of the formal declaration of the
tried to convince Rizal to escape with them. But Rizal separation from Spanish rule.
refused to do so.
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LESSON 5: RIZAL’S EXILE, TRIAL, AND EXECUTION HISTORY 12
SUMMER CLASS | S.Y. 2023-2024 | Mina, Stevin Carl N.
August 30, 1896 UNSUCCESSFUL RESCUE IN SINGAPORE
➔ Governor General Ramon Blanco gave Rizal a letter of DR. ANTONIO MA. REGIDOR & SIXTO LOPEZ
recommendation to the Minister of War, General Marcelo
de Azcarraga ➔ They exerted all their efforts to find a lawyer in Singapore
who could aid their friend
September 02, 1896 ➔ They dispatched telegrams to an English lawyer in
Singapore to rescue Rizal from when his arrive, by means
➔ Rizal was transferred to Isla de Panay to sail off to Spain. of writ of habeas corpus
➔ On the way to Spain, the ship made a stopover in
Singapore on the night of September. Rizal’s companions HUGH FORT
were Don Pedro Roxas and his son Perequin who asked
him to jump off the ship and escape. But again, Rizal
➔ An English lawyer in Singapore who helped Rizal in
refused saying that he was not afraid and that he was Singapore
innocent.
➔ When the Spanish steamer arrived Atty. Fort instituted
➔ Don Pedro Roxas advised Rizal to stay and take advantage proceedings at the Singapore Court for the immediate
of the protection of British Law removal of Rizal from the said steamer.
ARREST AND TRIAL OF RIZAL CHIEF JUSTICE LOINEL COX
September 30, 1896 ➔ denied the writ of habeas corpus on the ground because
the steamer carry Spanish troops hence it is a warship of
➔ Rizal left for Spain boarding on streamer Isla de Panay foreign power which under the international law was
➔ While cruising the Mediterranean Sea, Rizal was informed beyond the jurisdiction of Singapore Authorities
by the ship 's captain that he received a telegraphic order
from the Minister of War to arrest him. ARRIVAL IN MANILA
Bernardino Nozaleda
November 03, 1896
➔ Archbishop of Manila who clamored for the arrest of Rizal
➔ The Colon arrived in Manila Bay and Rizal was taken to
October 03, 1896
Fort Santiago
➔ Rizal was held communicado
➔ The Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona and Rizal was sent
to a prison-fortress, Montjuich Castle
GATHERING OF EVIDENCES
October 06, 1896
➔ Spanish authorities look evidence against him
➔ Filipinos who sympathized with him were arbitrarily
➔ Rizal was transferred to a new cell in Montjuich Castle– harassed, and tortured
cell number 11
➔ Documents and letters of Rizal’s friends were seized by
civil guards
General Despujol
➔ Deodato Arellano, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Moises Salvador,
➔ The governor General who deported him to Dapitan in Jose Dizon, Domingo Franco, Temoteo Paez, and Pedro
1892. He was also incharge of Montjuich prison Serrano Laktaw were brutally tortured to implicate Rizal
➔ He informed Rizal to be sent back to Manila boarding S.S ➔ Rizal’s own brother was also arrested and tortured but
Colon never said anything against his younger brother.
➔ On the same day, Rizal was taken aboard in the ship which
was loaded with Spanish troops sailed for Manila
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LESSON 5: RIZAL’S EXILE, TRIAL, AND EXECUTION HISTORY 12
SUMMER CLASS | S.Y. 2023-2024 | Mina, Stevin Carl N.
FIRST INVESTIGATION ➔ Wrote public declaration of his avowed intention- to stop
shedding of blood and to achieve freedoms
November 20, 1896
7 MEMBERS OF THE ORDINARY COURT MARTIAL OF THE POST
➔ First preliminary investigation was conducted
On December 24, 1896 the following are the list of seven members
➔ Rizal was brought before a Spanish military tribunal
headed by Colonel Francisco Olive of the ordinary court martial of the post:
➔ They found two kinds of evidences against Rizal:
1. Documents 1. Colonel Jose Tagores Arjona (Calvary)
– Fifteen documents were used as evidence against 2. Ricardo Muñoz Arias (Captain, Artillery)
him 3. Manuel Reguera (Captain, Calvary)
2. Oral Testimonies 4. Santiago Osorio (Captain, Rangers)
– Oral testimonies were taken and were used to 5. Manuel Escribano (Captain, Engineers)
implicate Rizal in the Philippine Revolution 6. Fermin Rodriguez (Captain, General Ordinance)
➔ It was decided that there was prima facie evidence against 7. Enrique de Alcocer - appointed prosecutor
Rizal
CAPTAIN RAFAEL DOMINGUEZ ACTUAL TRIAL
➔ He was appointed judge advocate to evaluate the case and December 26, 1896
made corresponding decision against rizal
➔ The actual trial began, and it was held at the Hall of
LT. LUIS TAVIEL DE ANDRADE Banners of the Cuartel de España in Fort Santiago
➔ Tried by a court martial of 7 Spanish Army officers
➔ He was the lawyer of Jose Rizal and brother of his former
PRESENT IN THE COURT:
bodyguard Jose Taviel De Andrade
1. Rafael Dominguez - Judge advocate
➔ Rizal was denied the legal services of an experienced
2. Enrique de Alcocer - prosecuting attorney
civilian lawyer
3. Jose Rizal - the accused
4. Traviel de Andrade - his defender
NICOLAS DE LA PEÑA
5. Josephine Bracken
6. Rizal’s Sister
➔ Judge advocate general who gave the following
recommendations: ➔ Judge advocate Dominguez up and the trial by reading the
1. The accused be brought to trial without delay charges against Rizal
2. The accused be incarcerated in prison
3. The accused should be defended in court by an CHARGES AGAINST RIZAL:
army officer 1. Rebellion
2. Sedition
CHARGES THAT WERE REFUTED BY RIZAL TO WIT 3. Formation of illegal associations
1. Since his deportation in Dapitan within 4 years he had not PENALTY:
engaged in any political activities 1. Rebellion and Sedition – was from life imprisonment to
2. The declaration of the witnesses against him were death
fabricated and not true 2. Illegal Association – was correctional imprisonment and a
fine of 325 to 3,250 pesetas
DECEMBER 13, 1896
➔ The case was forwarded to Governor General Camilio De
Polavieja – replacement of Governor Blanco
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LESSON 5: RIZAL’S EXILE, TRIAL, AND EXECUTION HISTORY 12
SUMMER CLASS | S.Y. 2023-2024 | Mina, Stevin Carl N.
TWELVE ARGUMENTS OF RIZAL December 29, 1896
1. I could not be guilty of rebellion because i even advice dr ➔ Rizal was transferred to the chapel cell adorned by
Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan not to rise revolution religious images to convince him to go back to the Catholic
2. He did not correspond with the radical revolutionary fold. His first visitors were Jesuits priests Fathers Miguel
elements Saderra Mata and Luis Viza.
3. The revolutionIST use my name without my knowledge. If I
were guilty I could escape from Singapore PEOPLE WHO VISITED RIZAL
4. If I had the hand in revolution I could escape from Moro
Vinta and will not build a house and bought a land in
● FR. VIZA – He brought the image of the Sacred Heart of
Dapitan
Jesus, which Jose Rizal carved when he was an Ateneo
5. If he were the chief of the revolution, why was he not
student. The statuette was found on his pocket
consulted by the revolutionists?
● ANTONIO ROSELL – He ate breakfast with Rizal
6. It was true, he wrote the by-laws of the Liga-Filipina, but
● LT. TAVIEL DE ANDRADE – He also arrived in breakfast and
this is only a civic association – not a revolutionary society
Rizal thanked him for his gallant services
7. La Liga Filipina does not live long after the first meeting I
● FR. BALAGUER
was supported to Dapitan and it died out
– He remained with Rizal around
8. If La Liga Filipina was reorganized 9 months later, I did not
– At 3 o’clock in the afternoon, Fr. Balaguer returned and
know about it
tried to persuade Rizal to retract his Masonic beliefs but
9. The Liga did not serve the purpose of the revolutionists,
Rizal remained firm
otherwise they would not have supplanted it with the
– After he left, Rizal had the time alone and probably
Katipunan
wrote the 14 stanzas poem which he wrote on a very small
10. While it was true that there were some bitter statements
piece of paper. He hid it inside his alcohol stove
in my letter it was because they were written when my
● Theodora Alonso – Rizal’s mother and was escorted by
family was being persecuted, disposed of their land and
Trinidad.
home. My brother and brother-in-law were deported
● Trinidad
without due process
– Rizal gave an alcohol stove to Trinidad which was a gift
11. It is not true that the revolution was inspired in one of my
from Pardo de Tavera and whispered to her in English
speech in the house of Doroteo Ongjunco
“There is something inside”
12. My life in Dapitan had been exemplary as evidence by my
– Rizal also told her to look inside his shoes after he is
productive activities
executed
DECISION OF COURT:
RIZAL’S FINAL HOURS
➔ The court judged Rizal guilty for the charges and voted for
the death penalty
● By eight in the evening, Fr. Balaguer returned with Fr. Viza
again talked with Rizal on religious matters. At this point,
December 28, 1896
they were joined by Fiscal Gaspar Castaño of the Royal
Audiencia
➔ Governor General Polavieja signed Rizal’s death warrant ● At around 10:00, a draft of retraction arrived from
ordering him to be shot at 7:00 o’clock in the morning on Archbishop Bernandino Nozaleda
December 30, 1896 at Bagumbayan, with all the
● Another draft of retraction was made by Fr. Pio Pi – the
formalities required by the law superior of the Jesuit Mission in the Philippines
● At 11:30, Rizal signed his retraction from the Freemasonry
December 29, 1896 and it was witnessed by Juan del Fresno – the chief of the
guard detail and the Adjutant of the Plaza Elroy Moure
➔ Rizal received the judgment through Captain Rafael ● After signing, Rizal had a confession with Fr. Vilaclara and
Domiguez and he signed it saying that he was innocent rested afterwards
● At 5:00 am, Rizal had his last breakfast, autographed his
RIZAL’S FINAL DAYS remaining books which became his last souvenirs
● Fr. Balaguer performed the marriage rites of Rizal and
Josephine
HISTORY 12: WORKS OF RIZAL LESSON #5 | ROSARIO, NHERIE KRIZIA F. | BLOCK 15 | 123-0152 6
LESSON 5: RIZAL’S EXILE, TRIAL, AND EXECUTION HISTORY 12
SUMMER CLASS | S.Y. 2023-2024 | Mina, Stevin Carl N.
● Rizal gave a book to Josephine, Imitacion de Cristo by
Thomas Kempis which he autographed
● Afterwards, he wrote three farewell letters:
1. Parents
2. Dr. Blumentritt
3. Paciano
● At around 6:30, Rizal was taken from cell and the march to
Bagumbayan began
● A colonel took Rizal to the site of his execution
● Rizal had requested the firing squad to spare his head
which was granted
● He also requested to be shot at his front, but it was denied
● Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillio took Rizal’s pulse and found it was
normal
● The commanding officer ordered his men to aim by means
of his saber and there was a simultaneous crack of gunfire
and Jose Rizal made one last effort to drop on his back
with his face facing the sun
● The Spanish spectators shouted “Viva España!”
● The military band played Marcha de Cadiz
● Rizal’s body was secretly buried at Paco Cemetery where
later it was traced by his sister
● The remains of Rizals were cleaned in Higino Mercado’s
house in Binondo and were given to Doña Teodora
● His remains were laid to rest inside the Rizal monument in
Luneta
● On December 30, 1896, Dr. Jose Protacio Rizal, the
greatest man of the Malayan race, was shot to death at
Bagumbayan (present day Luneta or Rizal Park), Manila, by
a firing squad of native soldiers, on the accusation of
political conspiracy and sedition, and rebellion against the
Spanish government in the Philippines.
HISTORY 12: WORKS OF RIZAL LESSON #5 | ROSARIO, NHERIE KRIZIA F. | BLOCK 15 | 123-0152 7
