Revision File

1) Susan is 25 years old, she presents with concerns about her recent
weight gain and noticeable changes in her facial features. She
mentions that her shoe size has increased. The results of laboratory
studies showed an increased level of GH.

1. What is the diagnosis?

2. What is the primary cause of Sarah's condition?
a) Growth hormone deficiency
b) Thyroid hormone excess
c) Growth hormone excess
d) Adrenal gland dysfunction

3. What physical finding is characteristic of acromegaly?

a) Short stature
b) Enlarged hands and feet
c) Delayed puberty
d) Dry skin

2) Samy is a 13-year-old boy. His parents noted that his growth rate
was slower than expected for his age, compared to his colleagues.His
parents took him to the doctor seeking medical advice. The doctor
found a teenager male with small head, trunk and limbs, but they
were proportionate to each other. His height was 125 cm. The
results of laboratory studies showed a decreased level of GH.

1)What is the diagnosis?

2)Is decreased level of growth hormone affect Samy mentally?

 3)Is decreased level of growth hormone will affect Samy sexual
property?

4) What effect does growth hormone have on bone growth?

a) Inhibits bone formation

b) Stimulates bone growth and density
c) Has no effect on bones
d) Causes bone degeneration

3) Samir is 45 years old he complains of going to the bathroom several

times at night , he lost 5 kg of his weight in the last 2 months without
going on a diet , he also complains of easy fatigability and repeated
chest infection . he went to the doctor who asked for a fasting blood
glucose level , his blood sugar was 180 ( normal 70-110)

1. What is the diagnosis ?

2. What are the other manifestations of this disease ?
3. What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
A) Increase blood glucose levels
B) Promote glucose uptake by cells
C) Stimulate glucagon release
D) Inhibit protein synthesis
4. In Type 2 Diabetes, which of the following is often the underlying
problem?
A) Absolute insulin deficiency
B) Insulin resistance
C) Increased glucagon secretion
D) Excessive insulin production
4) Ramez a 45 year-old male complains of bone ache, one day he felt
severe leg pain. When he went to the doctor the doctor asked for x-
ray which showed a fracture in the tibia. He asked for calcium level
which was 13 mg with increased level of parathyroid hormone
1. What is the diagnosis?
2. What are the other manifestation associated with this case?

5) Mark is 15 years old, he complained of bronchial asthma for 5

years, he received large doses of glucocorticoid to relieve symptoms,
he started to complain of delayed wound healing and his parents
noted abnormal behavior (mental change). He went to a doctor who
asked for an abdominal CT to investigate the function of supra-renal
gland.

1. What is the diagnosis?

2. What are the hematological effects of glucocorticoid?

6) Sarah is 30 years old, complaining of increased anxiety,

unintentional weight loss of 10 pounds over the last month, and
difficulty sleeping. She mentions feeling warm even in cooler
temperatures and has noticed her heart racing at times. On
examination, the doctor observes that her eyes appear bulging
(exophthalmos) and her skin is warm and moist. Her laboratory tests
was (high T3&T4) with low TSH.

1) What condition is Sarah likely suffering from?

 A) Hypothyroidism
B) Graves' disease
C) Cretinism
D) Hashimoto's thyroiditis

2) Which of the following is a classic symptom of hyperthyroidism

that Sarah is experiencing?
A) Bradycardia
B) Weight gain
C) Decreased appetite
D) Tachycardia
3) Which of the following is a common treatment for
hyperthyroidism?
A) Corticosteroids
B) Levothyroxine
C) Radioactive iodine
D) Insulin
4) What is the primary cause of Graves' disease?
A) Iodine deficiency
B) Autoimmune response
C) Viral infection
D) Genetic mutation
7) Fatma is 33 years old, suffered from Grave's for 2 years, her

doctor decided to do thyroidectomy for her, after operation,

Fatma took thyroid hormone as 1 tablet for day (50 mg) ,After
several weeks she suffers from convulsions , which was very
painful, the doctor asked her for Calcium level in the blood,
which result was very low.

1) Why Fatma suffer from convulsion?

2) What is the normal value of calcium blood level?
A) 5-10 mg/dL

B) 8.5-10.5 mg/dL

C) 10-12 mg/dL

D) 12-15 mg/dL

3) Which of the following actions is NOT a function of parathyroid

hormone?

A) Stimulating osteoclast activity

B) Increasing renal reabsorption of calcium

C) Inhibiting intestinal absorption of calcium

D) Promoting the conversion of vitamin D to its active form

4) What effect does parathyroid hormone have on the kidneys?

A) Increases phosphate excretion

B) Decreases calcium excretion

C) Both A and B

D) Neither A nor B

5) What triggers the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

A) High blood calcium levels

B) Low blood calcium levels

C) High blood phosphate levels

D) Low blood phosphate levels

6) What are the drugs must be given to patient after thyroidectomy

forever?

8) Laila is 55 years old complained of constipation, on examination,

her pulse was 50 beat/ min (normally 60-90 b/m), on examination the
doctor found her suffering from slow mentation and amnesia, asked
her for thyroid hormone level, which was very low with high TSH.

1) What is the diagnosis?

2) What are other manifestations of this case?
3) What is the cause of increased body weight?
4) Does this patient prefer winter or summer?
9) Adham was 55 years old, he complained of chest trouble for several
years, he was diagnosed as tuberculosis (TB) patient, recently he
complained of darkness of his skin and weight loss, on examination
the doctor found his blood pressure 80/50 mmhg with skin
pigmentation, he asked for blood level of aldosterone hormone, the
results showed that the hormone was very low.

1. What is the diagnosis?

2. What is the stimulant for the release of this hormone?
3. What are the other manifestations of this condition?

10) A 30 year old woman is breast-feeding her infant.

1- During suckling, which of the following hormonal responses are

expected?

a) Decreased secretion of prolactin

b) Increased plasma levels of both Oxytocin and ADH

c) Increased secretion of Oxytocin primarily

d) Increased secretion of ADH primarily

2- Oxytocin:

a) Is an extremely potent uterine muscle relaxant

b) Is involved in a negative feedback cycle during labor

c) Causes contraction of myoepithelial cells around mammary

gland

d) Stimulates synthesis of milk by mammary glands

3- Secretion of Oxytocin is increased by:

a) Dilation of cervix during labor

b) Increased prolactin level

c) Increased extracellular fluid osmolarity

11) A 25-year-old female presents to the clinic with complaints of

irregular menstrual cycles. The patient reports inconsistent timing of
her periods, varying from delayed cycles to unusually short intervals.

The physician performs a thorough history and physical examination

and advises a pelvic ultrasound (sonar) to investigate potential
underlying causes. Based on the findings, the physician prescribes
medication to regulate her cycle and alleviate associated symptoms.
1. Which hormone is responsible for the maturation of ovarian
follicles?

A) Luteinizing hormone (LH)

B) Progesterone
C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
D) Estrogen

2. Which phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the

shedding of the uterine lining?

A) Follicular phase
B) Ovulation
C) Luteal phase
D) Menstrual phase
3. The proliferative phase

A) Starts before menstruation phase

B) Starts after menstruation phase
c) Starts before luteal phase
D) Starts after luteal phase
4. The corpus luteum is formed during

A) The follicular pgase

B) The ovulatory phase
C) The luteal phase
D) The pregnancy

12) Saber is 23 years old . He complains of bad mouth odor and pain
in teeth. He went to the dentist who examined his mouth. There was
little saliva (xerostomia) with multiple dental caries.

1) What is the function of saliva?

2) Why does saber complain of dental caries?
3) What is the role of saliva in protection of enamel teeth?
4) Which food staff starts to be digested in the mouth?
5) Which substance in saliva helps maintain the pH balance in the
mouth and prevents tooth decay?

A) Amylase
B) Lipase
C) Bicarbonate
D) Protease
 6) Which component in saliva aids in antimicrobial defense and
protects against infections in the mouth?

A) Amylase
B) Lysozyme
C) Lipase
D) Protease

7) Which function does saliva NOT perform?

A) Initiating breakdown of proteins

B) moistening food for easier swallowing
C) Helping in taste perception
D) Protecting teeth against decay

8) Which phase of swallowing involves the voluntary initiation of

food movement from the mouth to the pharynx?

A) Buccal phase
C) Pharyngeal phase
D) Esophageal phase

13) Heba is 30 years old, she used to take analgesics to relieve

headache, she complained of upper abdominal pain which increased
between meals, she went to the doctor who examined her, and asked
for gastric endoscopy which revealed a peptic ulcer.

1) What is the function of the stomach?

2) Why does the stomach do piecemeal evacuation?

3) What are the functions of HCL?

4) The stomach secretes intirinsic factor which is important for

absorption of:
A) Vitamin E

b) Vitammin B12

C) Vitamin B6

D) Vitamin D

5) What is the primary role of segmentation contractions in digestive

system ?

A) To propel food towards stomach

B) To absorb nutrients into the bloodstream

C) To mix food with digestive juices

D) To excrete waste materials