University of the Valley of Guatemala

Welding Workshop
Steel 1

Welding Manual

Diego del Valle

Card 11049
27/02/2014
INDEX
INTRODUCTION

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES FOR CARBON STEELS...4

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES FOR LOW CARBON STEELS

ALLOY.............................................................................6

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES FOR STAINLESS STEELS..8

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES FOR NON-FERROUS METALS

..........................................................................................10

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES AND FLUXES FOR ARC

SUBMERGED........................................................................11
Standards for electrodes............................................................11
Rules for flows.................................................................12

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES FOR ARC WELDING

WITH GAS............................................................................14

BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES............................................16

2
 INTRODUCTION
The committees of the American Welding Society (A.W.S) and the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers (ASME) had the task of making a classification of
electrode for arc welding. As a main characteristic to take into
It is important at the time of selecting the electrode with which to work.
it is necessary to know the materials present in the metal alloy that is
he/she wants to weld.

The A.W.S. and the ASME are the main institutions responsible for the
standardization in the world regarding electric welding jobs.
Generally, steels are classified by their carbon content: low
carbon content, medium carbon content, and high carbon content.

The different characteristics of each electrode are provided by the

coating that covers the electrode wire. Generally, the wire of the
the electrode is made of the same material (AISI 1010 carbon steel) which has
a carbon content between 0.08% and 0.12% for the electrodes more
common.

3
CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES FOR STEELS
CHARCOAL
The A.W.S. uses specification A5.1 to detail the use of electrodes for
carbon steel welding and uses the following designation for the
coated electrodes

E XXYZ -1 HZR

Where:
It indicates that it is an electrode for manual electric welding.

XX, is two or three digits depending on the electrode, indicate the minimum
tensile strength, without any post-welding heat treatment, in
ksi (kilo pounds/inch)2).
Example:
E 60XX resists 60 ksi.
E 70XX resists 70 ksi.

Y, indicate the position in which it can be successfully welded with the

questionable electrode. For example, if the value is 1 (E 6011) it means that
the electrode is suitable for welding in all positions (flat, vertical,
roof and horizontal), 2 if welding is only applicable in positions
flat and horizontal, 4 indicates that it is an electrode for flat welding
but suitable for downward vertical welding.

Z is the last digit but is related to the previous one, it indicates

the type of electric current and polarity in which it works best
electrode. It also indicates the type of coating, which is classified by the
greater amount of raw material available to it.

LAST TYPE OF TYPE OF TYPE OF PENETRATION

NUMBER CURRENT COATING ARCH N

4
 E O
E XX10 CCPI Organic(1) Strong Profound(2)
Polarity
inverse
THE XX11 CA or Organic CCPI Strong Deep
polarity
inverse
E XX12 CA or CCPD Rutilo Medium Median
Polarity
direct
E XX13 CA or CC Rutile Smooth Light
Both
polarities
E XX14 CA or CCPI Rutilo Smooth Light
polarity
inverse
E XX15 CCPI Under Hydrogen Medium Median
Polarity
Inverse
E XX16 CA or CCPI Under Hydrogen Medium Median
polarity
inverse
E XX17 CCPI Under Hydrogen Smooth Median
Polarity
Inverse
E XX18 CA or CCPI Under Hydrogen Medium Median
polarity
inverse
E 6010 Organic, E 6020 Mineral, E 6020 CA and CC Direct polarity.
Deep

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES FOR STEELS

LOW ALLOY

5
 The AWS A5.5 specification that applies to electrodes for low alloy steels
alloy uses the same designation as the AWS A5.1 specification, except in
The designation codes that appear after the dash are optional. In your
place suffixes formed by letters and numbers that indicate the percentage
approximate alloy in the welding deposit.

A1 0.5% Mo
B1 0.5% Cr, 0.5% Mo
B2 1.25% Cr, 0.5% Mo
B3 2.25% Cr, 1% Mo
B4 2.0% Cr, 0.5% Mo
B5 0.5% Cr, 1.0% Mo
C1 2.5% Ni
C2 3.25% Ni
C3 1.0% Ni, 0.35% Mo, 0.15% Cr
D1 and D2 0.25-0.45% Mo, 1.75% Mn
G (*) 0.5% min Ni, 0.3% min Cr, 0.2% min
Mo, 0.1% minimum V, 1% minimum R
Only one element from this series is required to achieve classification G.

The following table shows a summary indicating the type of current and
electrode coating according to AWS standards.

Classification Type of Coating Electric current position

inAWS pay
E 6010 High cellulose, sodium F, V, OH, H CC (+)
E 6011 High cellulose, potassium F, V, OH, H CA or CC (+)
E 6012 High titanium, sodium F, V, OH, H CA, CC (-)
E 6013 High titanium, potassium F, V, OH, H CA, CC (+) or CC (-)
E 6020 High iron oxide H-Filete CA, CC (-)
E 6020 High iron oxide F CA, CC (+) or CC (-)

6
E 7014 Iron powder, titanium F, V, OH, H CA, CC (+) or CC (-)
E 7015 Under hydrogen, sodium F, V, OH, H CC (+)
E 7016 Under hydrogen, potassium F, V, OH, H CA or CC (+)
E 7018 Under hydrogen, potassium, iron powder F, V, OH, H CA or CC (+)
E 7018M Under hydrogen, iron powder F, V, OH, H CC (+)
E 7024 Iron powder, titanium H-Fillet, F CA, CC (+) or CC (-)
E 7027 High iron oxide, powdered iron H-Filet CA, CC (-)
E 7027 High iron oxide, iron powder F CA, CC (+) or CC (-)
E 7028 Under hydrogen, potassium H-Filete, F CA, CC (-)
E 7028 Iron powder
E 7048 Under hydrogen, potassium F, V, OH, H CA or CC (+)
E 7047 Iron powder F, V, OH, HV-
Descendant

According to AWS standards, the welding positions are:

flat;
H: horizontal;
H-Filet: horizontal filet;
V-Descending: vertical descending;
V: vertical;
OH: ceiling or overhead

CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES FOR STEELS

STAINLESS STEEL
The AWS A5.4 specification sets the standards for the classification of electrodes for
welding of stainless steels. The classification system of these electrodes
it's numerical.

It is important to highlight that stainless steels must be identified from

according to what is indicated by the AISI.

The AWS A5.4 specification, which refers to electrodes for welding of

stainless steels, works with the following designation for electrodes
coated:

7
 E XXX-YZ

Where:

E indicates that it is an electrode for arc welding.

XXX, indicate the numbering that corresponds to the AISI steel class.
stainless for which the electrode is intended.

And the penultimate number indicates the position in which it can be used. By
example E 308-15, the '1' indicates that the electrode is suitable for all
positions.

Z, the last number indicates the type of coating, the current class and
the polarity to be used, in the following manner:

5: means that the electrode has an alkaline coating that must be

use only with direct current and reverse polarity (the cable of
electrode holder to the positive pole

6: means that the electrode has a titanium coating, which will be able to
to be used with alternating or direct current. In case it is used with
direct current this must be with reverse polarity (the wire of the holder-
electrode to the positive pole

In some cases, you will find that in the designation of electrode

an additional index appears at the end with the letters ELC, this means that
the electrode deposit has a low carbon content (E: extra; L:
low; C: carbon.

8
CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES FOR METALS
NON-FERROUS
The classification standards for electrodes for welding non-ferrous metals are
dictate the AWS A5.15 specification.

The classification system of these electrodes is symbolic. The symbol is indicated

chemical of the element or metallic elements that predominate in the analysis of
metallic core of the electrode.

The system uses the prefix E to indicate that the product is an electrode for
solder, followed by the elements that are considered significant.

For example, E Cu Sn A, the symbols indicate that the electrode is composed of

copper (Cu) and tin (Sn).

The specific case for welding cast iron, the designation of this
electrode ends with the letters Cl.

9
 CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES AND FLUXES
FOR SUBMERGED ARC

Standards for electrodes

The AWS A5.17 specification dictates the classification standards for electrodes by
submerged arc process for carbon steels.

This specification identifies electrodes with the prefix E (electrode for

electric arc), followed by the letter indicating the manganese content and
It can be L (low), M (medium), or H (high).

Then follow one or two digits that provide the nominal carbon content in
hundredth of a percent.

Finally, some electrodes will have a letter K which means that it is a

product obtained from silicon killed steel.

10
The mechanical properties of the deposit depend on the flux that is used.
with each electrode.

The full name of the flux and electrode can be, for example, the
next:

F6A2 EM12K

Where:

flux

60,000 Psi minimum tensile strength

A: mechanical properties obtained without post-welding treatment

impact resistance of 27 minimum at 20°F

E: electrode

average manganese content

12: 0.12% carbon (nominal)

calm steel

Electrode Chemical Composition (%)

AWS
Carbon Manganese Silicon Others

THE 8 a 0.10 0.30-0.55 0.05 0.5

THE 8 K a 0.10 0.30-0.55 0.10-0.20 0.5
THE 12 0.07-0.15 0.35-0.60 0.05 0.5
IN 5 K 0.06 0.90-1.40 0.4-0.7 0.5
IN 12 0.07-0.15 0.85-1.25 0.05 0.5
IN 12 K 0.07-0.15 0.85-1.25 0.15-0.35 0.5
IN 13 K 0.07-0.19 0.90-1.40 0.45-0.70 0.5
IN 15 K 0.12-0.20 0.85-1.25 0.15-0.35 0.5

11
 EH 14 0.10-0.18 1.75-2.25 0.05 0.5

Standards for flows

The standard for fluxes identifies the flows with the prefix F, followed by two
digits that represent the average tensile strength values and their
specification under impact conditions. Then four digits are added that
they represent the electrode in the combination to determine the properties. A
the representative table is presented below:

AWS Flows Resistance Limit of Elongation Charpa-V

to the traction, fluency in 2" % pie per pound.
psi (0.2%), psi
F60-XXXX Does not require
F61-XXXX 20 to 0°F
F62-XXXX 62000 a 50000 22 20 to 20°F
F63-XXXX 80000 20 to 40°F
F64-XXXX 20 to 60°F
F70-XXXX Does not require
F71-XXXX 20 to 0°F
F72-XXXX 72000 a 60000 22 20 to 20°F
F73-XXXX 95000 20 to 40°F
F74-XXXX 20 to 60°F

12
 CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRODES FOR
GAS ARC WELDING
The AWS A5.18 specification dictates the classification standards for the material of
contribution for welding processes with gas protection (MIG/MAG, TIG and
plasma). The electrodes are named as follows:

ERXX-SX

Where:

E: indicates electrode for arc welding (only in case of MIG/MAG)

R: indicates a contribution that merges through a different medium than the one that leads to the
electric arc current (only in the case of TIG and plasma)

XX: indicates the nominal tensile strength of the weld deposit

(the same for all cases)

13
 S: indicates that the electrode is solid

X: the last number indicates the chemical composition of the electrode

AWS Gas protector Current and polarity Resistance to the

classification traction
Group A: Low carbon steel electrodes
E 60S-I Argon-Ia 5% O2 C.C. Reverse polarity 62,000
E 60S-2 Argon-Ia 5% O2or CO2 C.C. Inverse polarity 62,000
E 60S-3 Argon-Ia 5% O2to CO2 C.C. Reverse polarity 62,000
E 70S-4 CO2 C.C. Reverse polarity 72,000
E 70S-5 CO2 C.C. Reverse Polarity 72,000
E 70S-6 CO2 C.C. Inverse Polarity 72,000
E 80S-G Not specified Not specified 72,000
Group B: Low alloy electrodes
E 70S-IB CO2 C.C. Reverse polarity 72,000
E 70S-GB Not specified Not specified 72,000
Group C: Emissive electrodes
E 70 U-I Argon-Ia 5% O2the argon C.C. Direct polarity 72,000
tubular electrodes
E 70T-I CO2 C.C. Reverse polarity 72,000
E 70T-2 CO2 C.C. Reverse polarity 72,000
E 70T-3 None C.C. Reverse polarity 72,000
E 70T-4 None C.C. Reverse polarity 72,000
E 70T-5 CO2None C.C. Reverse polarity 72,000
E 70T-G Not specified Not specified 72,000

14
 BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
Classification of electrodes for welding. Engineering Tutorials
Mechanics.
Unable to access the content from the URL provided.

GMAW Welding Manual

Cenage Learning. Mexico City

Welding Principles and Applications

Nobel Editions S.A. Mexico City. Pages 894.

15