Fundamentals of Biology
Branches of Biology
Bs Psychology | 2nd Semester | A.Y 2024- 2025
Definition of Science ➢ Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek is known as the “Father of
Microbiology”
➢ Science (from the Latin word scientia, meaning
“knowledge”) Pure Branches of Biology
➢ It is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes
Morphology
knowledge in the form of testable explanations and
predictions about the universe. ➢ It is the study of external form, size, shape, color, external
➢ Or, science is an organized form of knowledge or systematic structure and relative position of living organisms.
knowledge.
Anatomy
➢ That is, knowledge through process
➢ The Word Biology is the combination of two Greek words ➢ It is the study of internal structure which can be observed
(bios – life, logos – study) with an unaided eye after dissection.
➢ Biology is the branch of science which deals with the study Histology
of living objects and their life processes.
➢ It is the study of tissue organization and structure as
➢ It covers all aspects of the study of living creatures like
observed through light microscope.
growth, structure, occurrence, classification, ecology,
Cytology
economics importance, external form, organization,
internal structure, nutrition among others. ➢ It is the study of form and structure as well as the function of
➢ Being broad – based and multidisplinary, the term biology is cells including the behavior of nucleus and other
often replaced by the term “life science or biological organelles.
science.”
Cell Biology
➢ The term biology was coined by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
➢ Aristotle is known as the “Father of Biology ➢ It is the study of morphological, organizational, biochemical,
➢ Life is a set of characteristics which differentiate organisms physiological, genetic, developmental, pathological and
from non-living objects evolutionary aspects of the cell and its components.
➢ These set of characteristics include reproduction, growth,
Molecular Biology
homeostasis, movement, nutrition, respiration among others
➢ For a thing to be called a living thing, there must be a set of ➢ It is the study of nature, physicochemical organization,
these characteristics. synthesis working and interaction of bio-molecules that
bring about and control various activities of the protoplasm.
Botany
Physiology
➢ Botany is the branch of biology which deals with the
scientific study of different aspects of plants and plant-like ➢ It is the study of different types of body functions and
organisms which include algae, fungi, lichens, mosses, ferns, processes or the functional activities of a living organism.
conifer, and flowering plants.
Ecology
➢ The ancient Greek Theophrastus (371–286 B.C.E.) is known
as the “Father/Founder of Botany” ➢ It is the study of living organisms is relation to other
organisms and their environment.
Microbiology
Embryology
➢ Microbiology is the branch of biology that deals with the
scientific study of all living organisms that are too small to ➢ It is the study of fertilization, growth, division and
differentiation of the zygote into embryo or early
be visible to the naked eye.
development of living beings before the attainment of
➢ These organisms include: bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, structure and size of the offspring.
prions, protozoa, and algae, collectively known as ‘Microbes’
Fundamentals of Biology
Branches of Biology
Bs Psychology | 2nd Semester | A.Y 2024- 2025
Genetics Orthopedics
➢ It is the study of inheritance of characters or heredity and ➢ Branch of medical science which is devoted to the diagnosis,
variations. Heredity is the study of expression and treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation of injuries, disorders
transmission of traits from parents to offspring. and diseases of the body’s musculoskeletal system. This
system includes bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves
Paleontology
and tendons.
➢ It deals with the study of fossils or remains and
Ophthalmology
impressions of past organisms present in the rocks of
different ages. ➢ Branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology,
and diseases of the eyeball and orbit
Taxonomy
Dentistry
➢ It is the science of identification, nomenclature and
➢ Branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis,
classification of organisms.
prevention and treatment of diseases, disorders and
Evolution conditions of the oral cavity.
➢ It studies the origin of life as well as new types of organisms
Oncology
from the previous ones by modifications involving genetic
➢ Branch of medicine that researchers, identifies and treats
changes and adaptations.
cancer.
Pathology
Cardiology
➢ It is a branch of biology which studies diseases in plant and
➢ Branch of medicine that is concern with the diseases and
animals and their treatment.
disorders of the heart, which may range from congenital
Applied Branches of Biology
defects through to acquired heart diseases such as coronary
➢ Applied Botany artery disease and congestive heart failure.
➔ Agriculture
Urology
➔ Horticulture
➢ Surgical specialty that deals with the treatment of
➔ Pharmacognosy
conditions involving the male and female urinary tract and
➔ Forestry
the male reproductive organs.
➢ Applied Zoology
➔ Sericulture Nephrology
➔ Apiculture
➢ Branch of medical science that deals with diseases of the
➔ Lac culture
kidneys.
➔ Poultry
➔ Pisciculture Pediatrics
➔ Animal husbandry ➢ Branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care
Branches of Biology on the Basis of Medical Sciences of infants, children, and adolescents from birth up to the age
of 18.
Gynecology
Dermatology
➢ Gynecology normally means treating women who aren’t
pregnant, while obstetrics deals with pregnant women and ➢ Branch of medicine dealing with diagnosing and treating
their unborn children, but there is lots of crossover between skin diseases affecting the skin, hair andnails.
the two.
Fundamentals of Biology
Branches of Biology
Bs Psychology | 2nd Semester | A.Y 2024- 2025
Physiotherapy
➢ Branch of medicine which uses a treatment method that
focuses on the science of movements and help people to
restore, maintain and maximize their physical strength,
function, motion and overall well-being by addressing the
underlying physical issues.
