JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU

He was born on June 28, 1712 in Geneva (Switzerland)

He was baptized on July 4 of the same year. He was raised by his uncles after the death of his mother a few days earlier.
after its birth.
Pedagogical contributions
Her proposal has an interest not only pedagogical but also political.
He stated the foundations for a dialectic between pedagogy and politics, understood as an integrative process of the
complexity.
One of the essential instruments of pedagogy is that of natural education: to reunite nature and
humanity.
The family is another of the central elements in his proposal: it is seen as a reflection of the State.

JOHAN HEINRICH PESTALOZZI

He was born in Zurich in 1746 and died in Brugg, Switzerland, in 1827. He was a Swiss educator. Reformator of pedagogy.
traditional, directed his work towards popular education.
In 1775, a school for poor children was opened in Neuhof inspired by the model of Emile, the famous treatise.
educational thatJean-Jacques Rousseauhad been published in the previous decade. The project failed, as
also another similar one that was carried out in Stans. In 1797 he published My Research on the Course of the
nature in the development of the human race, his most impactful work. He resumed his practices.
pedagogical experiences in a castle granted by the government, in Bern, an experience reflected in his work How Gertrud
teaches her children (1801).

Contributions to education:

He emphasized the importance of children's development.

2. Put into practice the organization of experiences and activities through play.
3. He valued the child's spontaneous activities.
4. He emphasized the practice of manual activities.
He considered drawing practice as a way to progressively perfect the hand, which...
would serve as a base for writing.
He exercised language through simple conversation, to later learn to read.
7. He highlighted the usefulness of body exercises combined with singing.
8. He pointed out the vital importance of the child's development in their early moments with the family, especially with the
mother.
He gave importance to affection from the very moment of the child's birth.
10. He highlighted the child's social development, first in the family and then in school.
11. He considered the creation of institutions important to care for those children who were lacking.
economic resources
MARIA MONTESSORI
In many ways, he was always ahead of his time. He was born in a town called Chiaravalle in the
province of Ancona, Italy on August 31, 1870. A well-educated daughter of middle-class parents, who at
despite his father's protests, he started studying Engineering and then Medicine. He became the first
woman in Italy after graduating from Medical School in 1896. In her medical practices as
volunteer in the psychiatric clinic research at the university, observed mentally challenged children
retarded, leading her to analyze how these children could learn.
Montessori considers education as an active aid for the perfect development of the human being.
in the process of growth.

Philosophical principles of the Montessori Method:

1- The sensitive periods

2- The mind of the child

3- Freedom and Discipline

4- Autonomy
5- Learning by doing
6- Individual differences
7- Preparation of the environment

8- Adult's attitude
9- Importance of the material

Paulo Freire
Paulo Freire is the son of a 'middle class' family; he was born on September 19, 1921, in Brazil.
Brazilian pedagogue studied philosophy at the University of Pernambuco and began his work as a teacher in the
University of Recife, as a professor of history and philosophy of education. In 1947 he began his efforts to
adult literacy, which during the sixties would try to be implemented in the northeast of
Brazil, where there was a high rate of illiteracy. From then on, and based on some beliefs
deeply Christian, conceived her pedagogical thought, while also being political thought.
He promoted a humanistic education that sought the integration of the individual into their national reality. It was the
a pedagogy of the oppressed, linked to postulates of rupture and total transformation of society, that
found opposition from certain social sectors.
In 1977, she received her doctorate from Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. In that same year, she began her
I work as a teacher at Boston University, where, in 1983, I moved to the University of Miami in Oxford.
Ohio, where he is hired as a physical education teacher and renamed 'Scholar in Residence', until 1992.
where he also held the position of director of the Center for Education and Cultural Studies
Education and Cultural Studies). He moved to Pennsylvania State University where he took on the
Waterbury teaching faculty from 1992 to May 2004.
Pedagogical Proposal

Learn, Think, Critique

OVIDE DECROLY
Ovidio Decroly was born onJuly 23of1871,inRenaixRonseBelgiumit was apedagoguepsychologistdoctor
yteacherBelgian.
Contributions to pedagogy
Global learning method:
Adapt the child to social life.
Autonomy.
Differentiated activities.
School program developed with thematic cores
The thematic units are studied in segments within subjects.
It is based on the observation of the child and experimentation.

Educational games.

JEAN PIAGET
Jean William Fritz Piaget was born inNeuchâtel,theAugust 9of1896was
aepistemologistpsychologistybiologistSwiss,creator of thegenetic epistemologyfamous for his contributions to
study of thechildhoodand for her constructivist theory of development of theintelligence.
Contributions to pedagogy

Genetic epistemology.
Stages of Development: division of cognitive development:
Sensorimotor stage: from 0 to 24 months.
Preoperational stage: from 2 to 7 years.

From concrete operations: from 7 to 11 years

and formal: from 11 years old and up.

John Dewey (1859-1952) has undoubtedly been the American philosopher and educator who contributed
The Agazzi Sisters: Rosa Agazzi (born in 1866 and died in 1951) and Carolina Agazzi (born in 1870 and
died in 1945). They are Italian educators born in Volengo (Verona). They worked in early childhood education.
0 to 6 years. Rosa Agazzi directed the children's house of Mompiano (Brescia) starting in 1896, serving as
model to other gardens and schools that bear the name of the Agazzi sisters.
Contributions.
The main contribution that the Agazzi Sisters have made to early childhood education is undoubtedly the
Agazziano method, which consisted of training children to be able to act on their own initiative
This method was very popular, as everyday utensils were mainly used.

John Locke.
John Locke was born in Wrington (near Bristol), England, on August 29, 1632. He was educated in the
Westminster School and at Christ Church, Oxford. In 1658, he became a tutor and professor of Greek and
Rhetoric. Later he returned to Oxford and studied medicine.

CONTRIBUTIONS
EDUCATION
It proposes education as the supreme shaper of the human soul regarding the will of the educator.
it will be the one that determines which impressions will be recorded in the child's soul. And since the soul is healthy
it corresponds to a healthy body, the English philosopher is concerned with the care of physical health.

METHODOLOGY:
The importance of sensory experience in the pursuit of knowledge instead of speculation
intuitive or deduction
MAESTRO:
Locke opposed the use of violence by the teacher and advocated for learning through play.
He also did not accept that education was reduced to transmitting already made schemes and considered that the
the educator should rather promote the development of the student's own schemes, accompanying
the development of freedom and individual initiative.

W. JAMES (1842–1910) MADRID

The great American philosopher and psychologist, representative of pragmatism in philosophy and individualism.
in education, it has been particularly concerned with it in its well-known Talks to Teachers, published in
1899. For him, education is primarily an individual function: it is based on biological resources.
and in the formation of behavioral habits. Its purpose is tolerance, respect for individuality and
formation of democratic consciousness.

Adolphe Ferriere
(September 19, 1921 - May 2, 1997) was born in Switzerland.

Adolphe Ferriere was a Swiss educator.

And he proposed the concept of 'new school', in which its operation is based on respect for interests.
and the needs of the child, as well as the development of autonomy and cooperation in them. He proposed it.
René Descartes
(March 31, 1596 - February 11, 1650) was born in England
For Descartes, the starting point was doubt, and that would develop the contents of a unit of
To know. The role of a learner is to doubt what is perceived and to reason about their perceptions.

Descartes said "I know intuitively in a clear way that I am a thinking thing". The teacher is a
the guide questions what the student perceives.

His students followed the method they deemed most suitable and allowed themselves to be guided by their own
perceptions, and to question their contributions until they are completely sure and informed about
various sources to have the information they deem correct.

For Descartes, learning is the emotional and moral strength that relies solely on its own reason to
combat prejudice and skepticism.

Jacobo Rousseau Madrid ojinu

June 28, 1712

He was a great philosopher, educator, linguist, and politician who contributed many things to society and in the
education.

And despite the fact that Rousseau experienced firsthand many injustices, mistreatments, and brutalities that marked him.
Since childhood, he became immersed in reading and books.
Despite his disordered life due to abandonment and clumsy living, he learned to read with much
difficulties, due to the absence of the family model that motivated him. He did not receive a formal education, was
autodidact who was trained with a naturalistic, free, and spontaneous pedagogical conception, was in favor of
that children will grow up as free thinkers.

His educational analysis was a reflection on the processes by which the child socializes to lose his
natural kindness and innocence, in contrast to that rationalist and bookish culture of the time.

It is based on the natural feelings of love for oneself.

Juan Bautista de la Salle was born in Spain.

April 30, 1651

He was an educator and humanist committed to the world of education.

In the time he lived, the children lived in strange poverty, and only a few families could send
to his children to school, he was a priest but stopped being one to be able to support and help the children.

Juan Bautista de la Salle was the first to organize centers for the training of teachers, schools of
learning for offenders, technical schools, secondary schools of modern languages, arts and
sciences. He was declared a saint in 1950 for all the help he gave.

He showed how to teach and treat the youth, and how to face deficiencies and weaknesses.
that many times present themselves in life, with compassion, helping, healing, and strengthening them.