3.1.4.

The audit

When accepting an audit assignment from a client, the auditor must:

1°) Know the client: understand the environment they operate in, what it is
a sector of activity in which he operates, how his activity is translated
in the accounts. In this case, the client must make available,
the auditor of documents such as the articles of association, financial statements, etc. who
provide an accurate representation of society and allow for a report
consequent.

2°) In the exercise of their work, the following principles must be respected:

a) Materiality: here, there are two important terms to know:

the significant character: it is a matter of seeing whether the omission of information is

susceptible to influencing an economic decision made by users
based on the accounts.

The threshold of significance or materiality which is the amount from which

An anomaly can affect the sincerity of the accounts.

The threshold of materiality depends on:

of professional judgment

of the environment

quantitative, qualitative factors

b) The sample

In general, it is determined empirically by showing

professional judgment.

An audit work based on sampling involves the determination

of a scope which is the relationship between the sum of the tested transactions and the
global balance of the account.

c) The objective of the audit is to certify that the accounts are regular,
sincere, provide an accurate picture of the situation of the company.
client in relation to a specific accounting reference framework. The auditor must in their
work to highlight these 7 assertions:

completeness
Accuracy? Exactness

Valuation

Existence and occurrence? existence and occurrence

Cut-off? separation of exercises

Obligations and rights? Rights and obligations

Disclosure and presentation? presentation and information

CAVECOD? A term widely used in auditing that consists of the first

letter of each word constituting the 7 assertions.

d) In his work, the auditor must be able to cover all risks

of the audit (anomalies in the accounts), which are of 3 types:

Inherent risks: risk of finding in the accounts or in a

category of operation of anomalies despite the implementation of a control
interned by the company's management.

Risks related to control: the risk that an anomaly goes undetected or

warned and corrected in time by the internal control system.

Risks of non-detection: risk that the controls implemented by

the auditor fails to detect an anomaly in the accounts.

e) Reasonable assurance is the assurance obtained by the auditor, based on

of audit evidence collected, that the audit risks are limited to a
level allowing the issuance of a positive opinion.

She is affected to the point where he believes that the collected audit evidence
balance the risks and the materiality threshold.

f) Audit evidence or probative elements are all the elements

collected by the auditor to reach conclusions on which he
forms his opinion.

These are elements that demonstrate the validity of the states

financiers and to build an audit assurance.

They must be reliable, appropriate, and sufficient.

AUDIT PROOF
MORE INSURANCE LESS INSURANCE

Preuve écrite

employees

Client evidence

They can be obtained based on physical observations, interviews,

calculations, inspections, etc.

3°) Audit approach: the firm uses a risk-based approach and the
C.I. counting

The risk-based approach that relies on the analysis of inherent risks and
of internal control failure.

Risk identification is done:

taking into account the client's activity

by identifying the business objectives and the associated risks.

The auditor chooses an audit approach (methodology) to conduct their

work to know ...

The auditor will also rely on the internal control system (policy
or procedure implemented by the management of an entity with the aim
to ensure a rigorous and effective management in its activities of
the company to do its work.

This system is more preventive than regressive.

The objective of internal control is:

the implementation and optimization of operations in the company

the reliability and quality of financial information

compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

5°) The auditor is required to conduct a physical inventory which is a

very strong audit test in terms of audit assurance.

The objective is to:

check the proper flow of stocks

check the reliability of the financial data of stock rotations,

amounts of stocks on the balance sheet.

- comply with the rules: merchants, legal entities or

physical assets must be controlled by inventory at least once a
the existence and value of the assets and liabilities of the company's assets.

6°) The auditor must perform detailed tests whose objective is to collect
audit evidence that allows for the validation of audit assertions
(CAVECOD). These tests focus on the details of an operation or a
balance.

7°) The firm must gather information on everything concerning its client. This
in order to:

confront the Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS)

to strive for the effectiveness of coherence and to ensure the CAKE (Cumulative Audit
Knowledge and Experience

to comply with the rules

This documentation must be minimal and concise.

The objective of such documentation is to:

to save time

Avoid risk management issues related to documentation

of poor quality

dedicate the staff to higher value-added activities

An audit work can result in one of three conclusions.

possible

No exceptions noted: satisfactory conclusion? Recall the assertions

validated audits.

Minor exceptions noted: unsatisfactory conclusion giving

possibly leading to a recommendation for internal control that does not place
Isn't the validation of the position at stake? Recall the audit objectives.
concerned.
Major exceptions: we speak of a major exception when evidence
the audit contradicts the management's statements in the financial statements
you cast doubt on the effectiveness of a control or a process
computing that supports a statement.

There are techniques that allow for fast and easy reading of a
audit file. These techniques are:

· Tick-mark is a sign placed in front of a number to which is associated a

legend allowing to understand the source and origin of these figures. It
allows the training of the work done by saving time.

References: these are addresses appearing in a file

paper in the form of an alphabetical reference indicating the section (letter)
and the page number in the section.

An audit work is always done in accordance with auditing standards.

transposed from the international auditing standards published by
the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC).

3.1.5. Financial Auditor

The auditor does almost the same job as an auditor

except that he receives his mandate from the justice system. He carries out his work with the
institutions of the country such as banks, etc. and also with
large companies. It has a manager of three jurisdictions: civil, criminal and
disciplinary.

3.2. Practical part

We conducted the practical part on 2 companies namely:

in IMMO-GROUP

to calculate and draw up the warning table and the revaluation table of
investments for the year 2008.

Fill in the CPCC table:

Asset code

Depreciation Code

in LAMIKAL

To calculate and prepare the amortization schedule and the revaluation table.
Establish an audit report for this company.

Fill in the CPCC table:

Balance sheet item code

TFR

Fixed assets table

Third Party Table

Table of charges and losses

Table of contents and supplies

Table of interests

Note: you will find the template of the piece code in the annex.

All this work was done with computers.

The office has set up the system where information flows through ..........

We have accessed the Internet, the photocopier.

TABLEAUX (or Annexes)

Based on these financial statements (Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement), it is observed that:

the operating value in the balance sheet is zero

the result is negative: there is practically no production but only

of charges.

This situation is explained by the fact that LAMIKAL is a mining company.

in full prospecting phase.

Work environment

a) Framer

Mr. Jean-Jacques LUBUYA is the manager of the office.

b) Agents
The office is mainly composed of a young staff of nationality
Congolese and all university students except for cleaning work.

c) Observations

This situation facilitates good cooperation or waiting between the agents and
there is a good working atmosphere. It is in this context that our
The internship took place.

5. Difficulties encountered

Personally, we did not encounter major difficulties. The

the only problem we had was of a technical nature for the simple
reason that we do not master all the computer modules in
Excel in particular. We will strive to deepen our knowledge in this
domain.

6. Suggestions

AJM is a young firm that has a reputation for being serious, competent and
who meets the conditions of the ........

This reputation reflects the partner's personality and their concern is to

convey these values to young people by training them because they are the future of
tomorrow.

The way of conveying is sometimes dry and harsh, which discourages.

some young people who forget this quote "who loves well, chastises well" ;
where for me, I subscribe to it because it pushes me to work hard and be
attentive to the teaching received.

I suggest that the firm could create a service that will be tasked with
train the listeners in addition to the university training of ........

GENERAL CONCLUSION
The audit is a field in which we want to specialize after
the obtaining of our license.

Our visit to this office strengthened our project.

The internship greatly contributed to our intellectual and practical training.

accomplished with seriousness, joy.
It took place in cheerfulness, seriousness, and a good atmosphere.