Reading Report

When writing an academic paper, it is necessary to use sources.

of information according to the topic to be worked on. Of the same
Thus, it is necessary that in the presentation of academic documents
cite all the consulted sources. It is very important to take into account
that the citation for the development of any written work is mandatory, of the
, the text could be considered plagiarism. This offense refers to the
use of written or oral productions of other people within a
text without properly citing them. According to the above, there are several
types of norms that regulate the presentation of academic texts. One of
the most internationally used are the APA Standards, developed
by the American Psychological Association, which indicates requirements
specifics of scientific work regarding content, style, editing,
citation, referencing, presentation of tables and figures, etc. It should be clarified
that APA guidelines are designed for the presentation of articles
scientists, so they must adapt with minimal changes
necessary for the presentation of texts such as essays or theses.
 Source 1 APA style

The American Psychological Association (APA) has been developing the most widely used style manual since 1929.
in scientific writing in the field of social and behavioral sciences. The Publication
The Manual of the American Psychological Association provides a guide on all aspects
of the writing process, including the rules for citing in the text and for the preparation of the
bibliographic references.

1. How to cite within the text

The APA style states that the sources used for the preparation of the work must be cited in the
text. A short citation method (author, date) is used that allows the reader to identify the source and
locate it in the list of references that is placed at the end of the work.

2. Quotes that are less than 40 words.

The quote must be presented in quotation marks with a reference in parentheses that includes the author, the
year of publication and the page(s) from which the quote has been extracted. The data of the quote are
They can be placed together or separately, depending on how we are working on our text.

EXAMPLE As Gimeno Sacristán (2009) points out, 'The truth is that, in practice, schooling already
intervenes in the extra-academic time as we have seen with the assignments or homework for
house" (p. 117). "Competencies cannot be understood as something that one has or does not have, not
they represent specific states or achievements, but rather states in the process of evolution” (Gimeno
Sacristán, 2009, p. 29
3. A work by an author

In the appropriate place of the text, we must include in parentheses the author's last name.
the publication date, separated by a comma and a space.

EXAMPLE A study of reaction time (Rogers, 1994) indicates that it is reduced

considerably. If the author's name is part of the sentence, we only include the date.
in the parentheses.

4. How to prepare the final reference list

The APA style states that a final reference list should be prepared that includes only,
the resources that have been used in the completion of the work so that each citation that has
interspersed in the text should have its corresponding reference in the final list.

(Alicante, 2012)

Source 2 APA styles

The APA manual is regarded as a standard format for:

Writing and presentation for academic and research work because:

1. Provides a general format for the work

2. Normalize the order -the structure- and the content of the manuscript

3. Establish the writing guidelines for a clear, concise, and objective expression, above all.
in the use of sources.

4. Rules of punctuation, use of capital letters, abbreviations, etc.

Reference the sources that were used for its preparation: citations and bibliography.

Table and graph format

2. Citation and reference format

3. Bibliography format
Bibliographic citations

The bibliographic citations reference, throughout the text, the author/date (and in some cases
author/date and page), of the articles, books, web pages, etc. used in the research.
They serve to indicate to the reader the exact location of the consulted text.

When citing, the text must always include the author, the year (and the specific page) of the citation.
quoted text. The complete reference (author(s), title, edition, place of publication, publisher, year,) is
will appear in the list of references.
If you are going to cite a work that has no author, register it by the title.

There are three types of appointments:

1. Author and year cited in the text: Example: In 1995, Williams argued that when comparing the
Personality disorders should take into account the patient's age.

2. Author not cited in the text Example: When comparing personality disorders, one must
take into account the age of the patient. (Williams, 1995).

3. Author cited in the text Example: Williams (1995) argues that when comparing disorders of the
Personality should take into account the age of the patient.

Use of quotes.- - When direct quotes are short, two lines or less (40 words),
they can be incorporated into the text using double quotes. 4 1.

Direct quote author cited in the text: The author's last name and the date of the work are included in
parenthesis within the sentence. If the sentence includes the author's surname, only the date is written.
in parentheses

Example: Estartús (1990) explains regarding the natural method of birth control, through
breastfeeding: "It has been known since ancient times that mothers usually do not get pregnant
while breastfeeding her child. That is why breastfeeding can be extended until the age of 2 or 3 years)

Preparation of Bibliographic References according to APA style.

In APA style, the bibliographic references are a list of the sources mentioned throughout the
Text. They are presented at the end of the work, organized alphabetically by the author's last name.
name of the institution that publishes it or, in the case of not having an author, by the first word of
title

References vary according to the type of document (book, thesis, serial article, etc.), but
It is important to review it in all academic work, as it identifies and shows all the differences.
sources that support the research.
Here we present the most characteristic positions and how their references should be made.

I. Printed documents 1. Books and monographs.-

Elementos: - Autor (Apellido e inicial del nombre) - Año de publicación (entre paréntesis) - Título
from the book (in italics) - Edition (in parentheses) - Place of publication (followed by a colon):
Editorial. If no editorial is written [s.n.] (from the Latin phrase sine nomine which means without name)
name).
(Association, 2010)

Source 3 APA style

(aguilar, 2013)

Source 4 process of how APA styles are applied

Step 1 go to the reference tab

Step 2 check that this is the 6th edition

Step 3 insert citation

Step 4 press add source

Step 5 select font

Step 6 fill in the requested steps

(support office)

Source 5 APA styles

APA guidelines require the preparation of a final reference list.

The reference list at the end of a work must provide the necessary information to identify and
to be able to recover the sources specifically used in the preparation and foundation of the
same.

It is essential that each of the quotes that have been interspersed in the text has its
corresponding reference in the final list and, conversely, all entries in the reference list
it must have been cited within the text.

Given that one of the purposes of the reference list is to allow the reader to retrieve and use the
cited sources, the reference data must be correct and complete. Each entry contains
generally the following elements: author, year of publication, title and publication data
(place and publisher).

The following sections explain, in detail and with some examples, the characteristics
of the prescribed style and punctuation for drafting bibliographic references of the main proposals
of documents.

However, there are tools that allow you to automatically generate citations in the format.
Correct, only by entering the details of the source that you want to cite, such as for example the

General guidelines

. The reference list should be double-spaced and have indentation in the entries.

. The data to draft the citation will be taken from the original document to which they refer, and will
they will be mainly extracted from the cover.

. Regarding authorship, the following rules must be taken into account:

To write the title, the uppercase usage criteria of the language in which it is given will be respected.
information.

Subtitles can be included after the title, separated by a colon and space (:)

If the document does not contain any date, we can provide an approximate date by prefixing
the abbreviation for circa: ca. in brackets.

Example: Allport, A. [c. 1937]

. In the case of electronic documents, the DOI (digital object identifier) must be indicated.
objects) as long as it is available.

How to cite a monograph

Monographs, following APA guidelines, are cited according to the following scheme.
general

Last name(s), Initials of the first name. (Publication year). Title of the book in italics. Place of
publication : Editorial.
Optionally, we can include the edition mention, which will be placed in parentheses following the
title; and, if applicable, the volume that will be in italics.

A single author

Examples:

Like a Novel

History of a Teacher

Various authors

Examples:

Bramwell, D., and Bramwell, Z. I. (1990). Wild flowers of the Canary Islands. (3rd ed.) Madrid: Rueda.

Sears, F. W., Zemansky, M.W., and Young, H. D. (1988). University Physics. Argentina: Addison-
Wesley Ibero-American.

García Marí, F., Costa Comelles, J., and Ferragut Pérez, F. (1994). Agricultural pests. (2nd ed.).
Valencia: Phytoma Spain.

Mention different from that of the author

When it comes to compilers, editors, coordinators, or directors, it will be specified later.

name and in parentheses.

Examples:

Haynes, L. (comp.). (1989). Research/action in the classroom. Valencia: Generalitat Valenciana.

Fernández Berrocal, P., and Melero Zabal, M. A. (coords.). (1995). Social interaction in contexts
educatvos. Madrid: Siglo XXI.

How to cite a chapter of a book

The chapters of the books are cited according to the following general scheme:

Last name(s), Initials of the name(s). (Year). Title of the chapter. In A. A. Last name(s) Editor A,
B. B. Last Name(s) Editor B, and C. Last Name(s) Editor C (Eds. or Comps. etc.), Title of the book (pp. xxx-xxx).
Place of publication: Publisher.

Examples:
An author

Boekaerts, M. (2009). The assessment of students' self-regulation competencies. In C.

Monereo (coord.), PISA as an excuse: rethinking evaluation to change teaching (pp. 55-
69). Barcelona: Graó.

Various authors

Álvarez, I., and Gómez, I. (2009). PISA, an international project of authentic assessment: lights and
shadows. In C. Monereo (coord.), Pisa as an excuse: rethinking evaluation to change the
teaching (pp. 91-110). Barcelona: Graó.

Contributions to Congresses, Symposiums... are cited in the same way:

Examples:
Fraga González, C. (1982). Mudejar carpentry in the archipelagos of Madeira and the Canary Islands. In Proceedings
from the Second International Mudejarism Symposium: art. (pp. 303-313). Teruel: Institute of Studies
Turolenses.

Aguilera Klink, F. (2003). Validity and necessity of the new water economy. In P. Arrojo Agudo and
L. del Moral Ituarte (coords.), The Water Framework Directive: Realities and Futures: III Iberian Congress
on Water Management and Planning (pp. 175-184). Zaragoza: University of Zaragoza.

How to cite a journal article

A magazine article, following APA guidelines, is cited according to the following scheme.
general

Last name(s), Initials of the first name or names. (Year of publication). Title of the article. Title of the
italicized journal, volume of the journal (issue number in parentheses), first page-
last page of the article.

(Laguna, 2016)