Iil THIS UN|T YOU TEARN HOW

TO:
describe your academic experiences
respond with surprise to negative
sentences
talk about future situations
talk about the education system
in your country
dl::js cheating in education _ and in other
of life areas

SPEAKING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo
and discuss
the questions.
. What do you think the people
are learning?
. Where do you think it is?
. Why do you think they are learning
this? Do you
think it,s a good idea?
. What adult education programmes
are there where
you live?
. Have you studied or learned a
skill outside of
school or university? What?
2 Work with a new p-artner. Look
at
in the box and u*pluir, *hi.h;;j".tsthe subjects
. you liked at school.
. you are good at/notvery good
at.
. you are still interested in.

economics history maths

geography languages science
GET THE GRADES
VOCABULARY Stages of education 5 E Work in pairs. Try to complete the
questions below. Then listen again and check
1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box. your answers.
a year off left school primary school Conversation 1

do a Master's my finals second year 1 school, Ollie?

graduated nursery university
2 What favourite subjects?
1 My three-year-old starts next month, so I 3 How lono left?
can go back to work. -
4 What are you going to do ?
2 When lwas at , lwanted to become a Conversation 2
doctor, but when I went to secondary school I got
bad grades in science. - 5 What course _ , Pep?

3 My brother's in his at secondary school. 6 vear

What ? -
4 I when I was sixteen because I wasn't 7 Have you _ yet?
interested in studying. Conversation 3
5 l'm taking . I'm working and saving money 8 Did vou oo . Dhanva?
for my university fees.
- 9 What study?
6 l'm studying English at because I want to
10 And did it? )
become a teacher.
7 l've got next term. Hopefully, I'll pass. 6 Can you remember the answers to the questions
8 above? Work in pairs and compare your ideas,
When I - to get a job in the
, I wanted
then look -at audio script 47 on page 200 to check.
media, but it was impossible to find one.
9 lf I want to oet a oood iob. I'll have to 7 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
- . Who should decide each of the things below -
parents or their children? Why?
PRONUNCIATION - which school / university to go to
2 Wt Listen to these words. Match each one - which subjects to do at school
to a stress pattern below. - whether to go to university or not
design graduate nursery university - which degree to do
economics history pr¡mary . What are the advantages and disadvantages of NOT
geography interested secondary going to university?
1 oO 2 Ooo 3 ooOo 4 oOoo 5 ooOoo
DEVELOPI NG CONVERSATIONS
3 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
ã
. How old do you think the people are in each
sentence in Exercise 1? No?
. Which of the stages of education in Exercise t have When someone says a negative sentence that surprises
you been through? Was each one a good time of us, we often respond by asking No? We then expect the
your life? Why? lWhy not? other person to explain what they mean. You can also say
Reølly?
. Did you have any hopes or plans at each stage?
A: Dod doesn't wont me to, though.
What were they? Did they come true?
. B: No?
Do you know anyone who is at primary school /
secondary school / university at the moment? Do A: No, heTust wonts me to stay ¡n the system ond go
they enjoy it? What are their plans for the future? stro¡ght fo univerqtt

LISTENING I Work in pairs. fuk" turrrc starting conversations

with the sentenc'es below. Follow the pattern in
4 Út Listen to three conversations about the box above.
school / university. Answer the questions for
1 I don't want to go university.
each conversation.
1 ls the second speaker studying at the moment?
2 I'm not really enjoying the course.

2 How do they feel about their studies? Why? 3 I didn't really like sports when I was at school.

3 What subjects do they mention? Why? 4 I haven't done mY homework.

4 Do they ment¡on any plans for the future? 5 I didn't studY for the test.
6 I don't want my son to study Fashion!

70
 CRAMMAR 4 lf I =--the grades I want, I _ my
first-choice university! (not / get, not / get into)
5 ïhey your application if you the
deadline. (not / consider, miss)
First conditionals --
First conditionals are sentences of two parts -
one to talk 6 A: What you if you don't get a
aþout possible future situations or actions and the other to place on the course? (do)
talk about results of those actions. _
-- if that
B: I'm not sure. I guess that , I

probably just looking for a

g Look at the sentences from the conversations. job. (happen, start)
Decide if the statements below (1-4) are true (T) 11 Work in pairs. Take turns to complete each
or false (F). sentence. Who can think of the most correct
a Well, ìf it oll goes well, I'll hove two more yeors. endings?
b lf I get the grodes I wont, I'll probøbly do q Moster's. 1 lf everything goes well in the next few months, ...
c You won't poss íf you don't stort working horder! 2 I'll call you if ...
d Whot will you do if you don't get into university? 3 lf I can save enough money, ...
1 The if-part of the sentence refers to a future 4 I might look for a different job if ...
situation / action.
5 lf I fail my finals, ...
2 TheiÊpart uses will / won't because it's about the
future. 6 I won't become fluent in English if ..:t
3 When we use will / won't, it shows we are certain of 7 lf I have enough time this weekend, ...
the result, but we can use probobly or other words to 8 Our education system won't improve if ...
show we are less certain.
4 The conditional sentence always starts with if G For ftrrther practice, see Exercise 2 on page 177
i
i

G Check your ideas on 176 and do Exercise I li

CONVERSATION PRACTICE
10 Complete the sentences with the correct form of
12
I
I

i,
the verbs. Look at the questions in Exercise 5 and think of
answers you might give. The answers can be true l',
1 My parents are going to pay for the course, and if I
or you can invent them.
more money, l_ part-time. (need, I

work) 13 Now have conversations with other students in

2 My parents have promised me that if I all the class. Ask each other three or four questions.
my exams, they _ me a car! (pass, buy) Then change partners and have another
3 lf I the score I need in the IELTS exam, I
conversation.
it in a couple of months. (not-_/ get, retake) Ir 14 To watch the video and do the activities, see the DVD-ROM

-
 A GOOD SYSTEM
SPEAKING LISTENING
1 Work in groups. Look at the photo. Discuss the 3 trld Listen to an interview with Rebecca, a
questions. fourteen-year-old girl with a Spanish mother
. What do you think is happening in this class? and an English father. The family moved from
England to Madrid when she was eleven. Which
. What do you think is good and bad about the class?
sentence best describes her opinion?
. Did your classroom look like this? Why? / Why not?
a She prefers Spanish school.
b She prefers English school.
VOCABULARY Education systems c She has mixed feelings about the different systems.
2 Work in pairs. Check you understand the words 4
in bold. Then answer the questions. Work in pairs. Decide if these sentences are
true (T) or false (F). Listen again and check
1 What's an example of a good grade at school / your ideas.
university?
1 Rebecca and her brother both made friends straight
2 Do you normally pay fees ôt a state school? away.
3 Why might parents choose to send their children to 2 She needed help with Spanish.
a private school?
4 Give two examples of bad behaviour
two of good behaviour in class.
in school and F She did the last year of primary school in both
England and Spain.
4 English students get more homework.
5 lf a subject is compulsory do you have to do it?
What's the opposite? 5 There are fewer years of secondary school in Spain.

6 What qualification do you get at university? 6 ln primary school, she had several different teachers
in Spain, but not in England.
7 Who sets a test at school? Who studies for a test?
7 The approach of the Spanish teachers was different.
8 What happens if you fail your final exam?
8 Her friends in England seem to like school more.
9 Give two examples of resources a school might 9 ln both England and Spain, students sometimes have
have.
to repeat a year.
10 How do you get into a top university?
1 1 Why might students have to copy from a textbook?
5 ElE Now listen to Rebecca,s father. Which of
the following does he talk about?
12 Say two things a teacher does if they have a
traditional approach to teaching. What do the approach fees qua lifications tests
students do? behaviour holidays resou rces textbooks

72
 GRAMMAR

hod to and could

ln Unit 7 we looked at how we use hove to and con to
talk about rules and what's possible. Hod to and could are
the past forms. The negative forms are didn't hove to and
couldn't.

I Complete these sentences from the listening

with could, couldn't, had to or didn't have to.
1 I understand very much. lt was horrible.
2 vou do extra Soanish classes?
3 We do much in primary in England - a bit
of- reading or something.
4 Sometimes we just copy from the book.
5 My wife
- and I organise our holidays to be
at home with the kids most of the time.

G Check your ideas on page 177 and do Exercise I

-
9 Complete the sentences with a past or present
form of have to or can. You may also need to use
a negative or question form.
1 I come to class last week. we
do any homework?
2 I go out tonight because I finish
an essay for class.
- -
6 trlE Work in pairs. Discuss what Rebecca's 3 At primary school, we do a spelling test
father said about the topics in Exercise 5. Then once a week.
-
listen and read the audio script for Track 49 on
-
4 We have about 20 hours of classes a week, but we
page 201 and checkyour answers. go to all of them. Some are optional.
-
5 ln the past, everyone study maths, English
SPEAKING language, and French, but they were the only
compulsory subjects. You choose the
7 Work in groups. Discuss if each statement is others. Now you don't really have any choice.
When I was at school, -there were strict rules about
true for the education system in your country 6
and if you think it's a good thing. Give examples dress. You wear a tie, a black jacket and
to support your ideas. - and grey socks. You
black trousers, a blue jersey
. Fees are low, even for the top universities. wear any different colours or jewellery.
. You can choose the school or subjects depending on 7I oet uD verv earlv when I was a student
if you want to work or go to university. because classes didn't start till ten, but with this job I

be there by eight.
. A lot of people send their children to private schools.
. lndividual teachers decide how to deal with bad 10 Choose two pairs of situations below. Write
behaviour. sentences comparing the two situations, using
. Students do a lot of group work in classes. had to and could for the past, and have to and can
for the present.
. The government provides a lot of technological
resources such as computers and interactive When I was at pr¡mory school, I could go home for
whiteboards. Iunch, but ot secondory school I hqd to stay ot school.

. People usually have to buy their own textbooks.

. primary and secondary school

The summer holidays are five weeks long'

. secondary school and university
. A lot of students leave school without any
. school / university and work
qualifications. . living with my parents and living on my own
. Over 50"/" of people go to university. . being single and being married
. At university, the grade depends more on essays and . life before having your first child - and life after
projects than exams.
11 Work in pairs. Tell each other your sentences.
Ask each other questions to find out more
information.
G For further see Exercise 2 onpage 177

Unit I Education 73
 HE CHEATED!
SPEAKING 3 Work in groups. Look at the headings (a-e) for the
five main paragraphs in the article. Explain what
1 Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. you think each paragraph will say. Can you think
. Do you think cheating is a problem in schools / of any other reasons why students might cheat?
universit¡es in your country? Why? / Why not?
. a Cheating is easier than hard work
Can you think of different ways students sometimes
cheat in tests? b Adults cheat too!
. Can you think of different ways students sometimes c Schools value test scores more than real learning
cheat in homework? d Cheats don't get caught
. ln your experience, what usually happens if teachers e Kids are under extreme pressure to succeed
find out students have cheated?
4 Now read the rest of the article. Match each
heading in Exercise 3 to a paragraph (1-S).
READING What do you think the main reason for cheating
2 Read the introduction to an article about is? Why?
cheating in education. Decide if the sentences 5 Complete the definitions below with words from
are true (T) or false (F). Underline the parts of the article.
the introduction that support your answers.
1 lf you kids to get good scores, you make
1 Cheating is more common now than it was in the past. them study hard even if they don't want to.
2 The biggest problem is at Harvard University. 2 lf you lose
__, you stop enjoying and wanting
3 ln the survey, about the same number of students to do something that you enjoyed in the past.
said they cheated as said they didn't. 3 lf you don't have much _ , you get angry
4 lt's generally believed that weak students cheat when you have to wait for things.
more than strong students. 4 lf you make an to do something, you try
5 Some students pay people to do their homework for hard to do something that's difficult.
them. 5 lf you're to do something bad or
6 Students are using technology to help them cheat. dangerous, something makes you want to do it.

CHEATING THEIR WAYTO THE TOP

Cheating in schools and
universities has become very
widespread. For instance,
a couple of years ago,
Harvard University - often
rì, thought to be the best in the
t \|¿
aÍ * world - had to ask over fifty
r?,
\ students to leave after they
Íir3 üh
.tr!l a l,
il
TI il .-?-t
llb it2 IEIE
cheated in their final exams.
Sadlg this is just part of a
much bigger problem.
\'-¡dJ¡[.
rr¡li¡r d*,t,
LJ
úl[. , /rl
r¿ffi[r
i

- 1't-.'?
-:i
Ç
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r
:t

- -.1I
J;- lr
r-tÊ
t;-
a -..-p{-
i .tì ': ,84
Þ _ ,,;
Ò

-"t ;:.fF ä e.
 Â lf Vou're one ahead of someone, you're I Match each sentence in Exercise 7 to one of the
oétter PrePared than theY are' areas of life below. There are two you do not
j' someone who's cheating, you stop need.
lf Vou
and say they're doing something wrong.
tn-em - cooking relationships
g lf a company makes big , they make a lot game shows sport
of moneY' job interviews / CVs tax and personal finances
politics video / online games
c Work in groups. Discuss how you think cheating
" prevented. What-can parents, teachers,
"unbe
schools and universities do?
9 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
. ln what other ways do people cheat in the areas of
life in Exercise 8? Do you think it is acceptable to
VOCABULARY Cheating cheat in any of these situations? Why? / Why not?
z Complete the sentences about cheating with the . What do you think are suitable punishments for each
pairs of words. different kind of cheating?

check lied + resign

pretended declare + earned
I SOUNDS AND VOCABULARY REVIEW
+ complete taking + improve
I 1O Ed Listen and repeat the sounds witl:. lll, lrll
and ld3l. Are any of them difficult to hear or say?
1 She she had some qualifications that
she doesn't really have. She'll be in trouble if they 11 EE Work in groups. Listen to eight sentences
using the words below. Togethe4 try to write
2 I on the same level so I looked on the them down. Listen again and check.
-
lnternet and found a cheat to it.
application challenge education section
3 -l
I cheated. I all the food online and then
approach check Project subject
just it was mY own work'
-
4 - say he didn't
They arrested him last night. They
12 Work in teams. You have three minutes to
all the money he last Year'
- write collocations / phrases for the words in
5 They- banned him after they caught him Exercise 11.
drugs to his Performance.
reject my opplicotion, consider my opplication, fill in on
6 She -
about her expenses and when they opplicotÍon form
found out, she had to .
-

In a recent survey, the majoritY Parents and schools often push kids to get the best test scores. Kids then
- start to feel scared that il they' don't do u'e11, the;' \áon't get good jobs - and
of the students questioned 1 bad economic sìtuations also make people feel less secule. On top ol all that,
said they sometimes cheated - kids are growing up in a lvorld 'uvhere great en.rphasis is placecl on money and
and contrary to expectations, u,inningl
it's not only weaker students
Schools in rnani, diflerent contexts need to shori' that their students are doing
who cheat, but also the
u'ell if thei'\vant mole none)¡ lrom the govelnmellt. A school u'ith poor test
strongest and best. Many 2 ,.o..,,tuits to fail: it gets less money and has felver resources, so sûlart students
students don't just coPY from go elseu'here, ancl teaðhers ma;'rvell lose motivatìon. As a result, more and
the internet, they also buY ñrore importance is placecl on doing r.r'ell in tests. Students soon realise ¡his -
essays from online firms that and sor.ne then decide to cheat.
write to order. Of course, while Technology can make people impatient. Kids gro$'up expecting lo get \\'hat
the desire to get an advantage thel' 11,¿t'ttnu¡ten thel' want it. As a resnlt, kids have less patience and less desire
by cheating is nothing
3 to ivork harcl. Cheaiing seems to olfer a wa). to get rvhat yoli \.\.ant r.r'ithoi-rt
u'aiting or effort. Of course people are tempted!
new, modern technology is
constantly coming uP with cheats ri,in! Partl)' this is becatlse kids today are better at
All too often,
clever ways of breaking the l+ cheating and are sometÌmes one step ahead oi teachers. partll, it's because it's
simplf ioo rnuch trouble to check and challenge every person that cheats.
rules. There are websites with
Kidi éee some of their classmates cheating - and succeeding - and decide ¡o
whole sections selling hi-tech trf it thernselves.
'exam equipment'!
Kids see storìes in the nervs about farnotts sports stars rvho hal'e used drugs
Why is this happening now? to improve their performance, business people n'ho have lied to rnake
What's causing the huge 5 bigger proÊts, people rvho have got jobs using CVs that u'ere not completely
growth in cheating? Well, there true, and politicians who have lied about theit expenses. Is it an1'surprise
are five main reasons. that some kids decide to copl'them?

So what can we do to prevent cheating? Well, that's what I willexplore ¡n part two.

Unit I Education 75
 I I

1 Work in pairs. Look at the photo and discuss the

5 trGl
questions. Choose the correct option. Then listen
again and check your answers.
. Where do you think these people are?
1 The goats are between six and seven months /
. What do you think their lives are like? Think about yeors old.
how they spend their days, what they eat, etc.
2 The goats behave this way because they hove eoten
. What do you think they might miss most ¡f they go to the wrong food / of their Erenes.
the United States on holiday?
3 The men joke obout toking / ore plonning to toke a
2 ÑÃ Watch the first part of the video (0.00_ goat back to Africa with them.
0.40) about two Maasai runners visiting another 4 You con / con't get the same medical problem the
country. Find out: goats have if you eat cooked goat meat.
1 where they are. 5 ln the end, they decide to / not fo buy a goat to eat.
2 what they're missing and why. 6 Work in groups. Discuss these questions.
3 what they decide to do about it. . What kinds of things do you miss most when you are
3 Check you understand the words in bold below, away from home?
from the second part of the video. Then work . Have you ever seen anyone faint? When? Where?
in pairs. Discuss how you think each word is What happened?
connected to the Maasai men in the video. . What kinds of things are you most scared of?
1 Both my grandfathers are dead. . What do you usually do when you're scared?
2 My leg muscles really hurt. I rôn too far yesterday! . Do you know of any other animals that have strange
3 Student numbers expanded by 2O"/o last year. ha bits?

4 They've found the gene that causes the disease.

5 I wanted to, but in the end I got scared and decided UNDERSTANDING FAST SPEECH
not to do. 7 l-lrtil Read and listen to this extract from the
6 Be careful you don't fall over.
Ihe floor is really wet. video said at a natural pace and then slowed
7 We were camping in Kenya and one night we heard
dgyr, To help you, groups of words are marked
a hyena making a really strange noise. with / and pauses aie mãrked //. Stressed
sounds are in CAPITALS.
8 Cross the road and then walk to the bridge.
... and when they GET SCAred // rne¡r
4 trfEr Watch the second part of the video MUScles /
(0.41-3.48) and check your ideas. Then work in TlGHten UP // and they CAN,T WALK / and
when they
pairs. Try to remember how the people used the ïRY to WALK / they FALL Over
words in bold in Exercise 3. Compare your ideas. t you have a go! practise saying the extract
When they first met the goots, the goats ptoyed deod. I:*a natural
at pace.
76
 VOCABULARY
t+
REVIEW 6 Match the verbs (1-8)with
collocate with (a-h).
the nouns they

1 steal a me € 10 / her bike

GRAMMAR 2 lend b you round / him how
1 Complete the text with one word in each space. 3 lock c turns / drugs
A: Hi there. How are You? 4 show d my bag / all mY money
B: OK. 5 take e mY exam / the whole Year
1-
A: ls it if I sit here? 6 set f the front door / mY bike
B: Of 2-. I 3- move mY things. 7 fail g good grades / into university
A: I haven't seen you in class for a while. 8 get h the class a test / mY alarm
B: No. I o-to do a course at work for the last
two weeks so I 5 come. 7 Decide if these words and phrases are connected
6- to education, places or cheating.
A: Well, you want to get the notes from the
classes you missed, you 7- copy mine. an approach claim graduate resign
B: That would be great. Do you
8- if I take an army base compulsory lie a square
them with me after the class and I e- copy a car plant a desert pretend a textbook
them at work tomorrow.
A: Actually, I'd 10-you didn't. Well- 8 Complete the sentences. Use the word in
to do a test next class and want to study.
I brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
B: Oh, really? 1 My favourite subject at school was .

(computer)
A: Yes, but there's a copy shop next door. We
12 oo there after the class. 2 Maybe I enjoyed it more because it was an
subiect. (ootion)
2 Choose the correct option. -
3 Fortunately, there's not much bad at his
1 We're in the middle of the countryside so we hove school. (behave)
to I don't hqve to drive everywhere.
4 lt's a very school. They all have to wear
2 I con't I couldn't help you tonight, but I could come uniforms. (tradition)
tomorrow. -
5 No-one checked her when they gave her
3 When I was at school, we didn't hqve to / hod to do the job, and apparently she invented them! (qualify)
much homework. -
6 Part ofteachers pay now depends on their students'
4 They cqn't I don't hove fo grow much in that region in exams. (perform)
because it's so dry. -
7 He has this amazing flat with a view of the
5 lf the steel plant will close / c/oses, there won't be old town and city walls. (history)
many other places to work.
8 I wouldn't say it's round there. You just
6 A: Do you mind if I open a window? need to be careful. (dangefl
-
B Of course I Of course nof. Go ahead. 9 lt was a very city, but a lot of the factories
7 have closed now. (industry)
A: Oh dear - I'm falling asleeP.
B: Let's stop for a bit and I moke / I'll moke some 10 She works in La Défense, which is the
district of Paris (finance)
coffee. -
8 A: What if you don't I won't Pass? I Complete the text with one word in each space.
B: I witl I might probably take the test again. The first letters are given. -
I am from a lti- place called Gnowangerup
3 Write two endings for each question.
(population: 624). ft is a very rural part of Western
1 Do you have to ...? Australia - it's just miles and miles of 2fi-,
2 Why did you have to ...? and my parents run a sheep 3fa- there. The
3 Why can't you ...? aÞr- school I went to when I was six only
4 What will you do if ...? had ten kids! Now l'm thirteen, I go to a
- school in Albany, two hours from my home, so I live in
4 Éã Listen and write the six sentences you student halls of 6r¡ It's a 7st- school
hear. so we don't pay any 8f- , which is good. The
staff are quite strict, but they str- us really well
5 Write a sentence before and after the sentences
and it's so good to be with kids my own age. lt's not
in Exercise 4 to create short dialogues'
exactly a 24-hour 1o¡r r
here, but there's still
more to do than in Gnowangerup. Albany is a port on
the south I l^^ , so we often go to the beach
and surf. We've also been out on the 12ac and
seen sharks and whales.

Review 4 77