BASIC WORKSHOP TOOLS:
The important tools in ship engine room are:
1) Hammers
2) Screw drivers
3) Pliers
4) Spanners or wrenches
5) Nippers
6) Shears and snippers
7) Cutters
8) Punches
9) Vise
10) Clamps
11) Hacksaw
12) Chisels
13) Files
14) Drilling tools
15) Sockets and ratchets
16) Allen keys
17) Machine screws
18) Bolts and nuts
19) Washers
20) Tap and die
21) Gear and bearing pullers
22) Anvil
23) Welding machines
HAMMERS:
The hammer is a very simple striking tool, being just a weighted head and a handle to direct its
course.
The ball-peen hammer, often termed the machinist's hammer, is a very useful tool aboard ship.
The head of the hammer is made of hardened steel. The handle is of hickory or other hardwood.
The straight-peen hammer is used for spreading or drawing out metal in line with the handle,
while the cross-peen hammer is used for the same operation at right angles with the handle.
The claw hammer is used for driving and pulling nails.
Hammers with heads made of soft material, such as lead,
copper, babbitt, rawhide, wood, plastic, etc., are called soft hammers. Soft hammers are
generally used where a steel hammer might mar or injure the work.
BALL PEEN HAMMMER: STRAIGHT PEEN HAMMER:
CROSS PEEN HAMMER: CLAW HAMMER:
LEAD HAMMER: MALLET
SLEDGE HAMMER:
SCREW DRIVERS:
A screwdriver is a simple object used for driving screws or removing screws and consists
of a handle, shaft, and tip (or head)
Types of screw driver:
1) Flat head or minus
2) Cross slot/Philips or plus
3) Pozi drive
4) Torx
5) Square Robertson
6) Hexagon / Allen
PLIERS:
Can be used to grip and tighten/loosen bolts, bend, twist, straighten and crimp metals and
wire, cut cables and strip insulation from electrical cables.
1) Combination pliers
2) Slip joint pliers
3) Water pump pliers
4) Nose pliers
5) Diagonal pliers
6) Locking pliers
7) Crimping pliers
8) Snap ring pliers
9) Wire strippers
Combination pliers: Slip joint pliers:
WATER PUMP PLIERS: NOSE PLIERS:
DIAGONAL PLIERS: LOCKING PLIERS:
CRIMPING PLIERS:
SNAP RING PLIERS:
WIRE STRIPPERS:
SPANNERS OR WRENCHES:
The spanner is a hand-held tool used to provide grip and tighten or loosen fasteners. It gives a
mechanical advantage in applying torque to turn objects. The tool is used in turning rotary
fasteners like nuts and bolts.
1) OPEN END SPANNER OR WRENCH
2) BOX END OR RING TYPE SPANNER OR WRENCH
3) COMBINATION SPANNER OR WRENCH
4) PIPE WRENCH OR MONKEY WRENCHES
5) TORQUE WRENCH
6) SOCKET OR RATCHET TYPE WRENCHES
7) ADJUSTABLE WRENCH
8) HOOK SPANNER
OPEN END SPANNER: BOX END OR RING TYPE SPANNER:
COMBINATION SPANNER: PIPE WRNECH OR MONKEY WRENCH:
TORQUE WRENCH: SOCKET OR RATCHET TYPE WRENCH:
ADJUSTABLE SPANNER WRENCH: HOOK SPANNER:
NIPPERS:
Nippers resemble pliers, but are used only for cutting, not for holding. Various types can be
used for cutting wire, rod, nails, rivets, and bolts. For light work on soft metals the
NIPPERS.
Nippers would be used. They must not be overstrained, however, as their thin cutting edges
are easily nicked and dented. For heavier work, the nippers shown at B are used.
SHEARS AND SNIPPERS:
Hand shears, or snips, are used for cutting sheet metal of various kinds and thicknesses.
1) STRAIGHT SNIPS
Straight snips have blades that are flat and straight on the inside surfaces. They are designed
for straight cutting but can also be used on large outside curves. It is difficult, however, to cut
circles and arcs of small radii with straight snips
2) CIRCULAR SNIPS
Circular snips, with their curved blades, will handle all except the smallest curves. They are
available for either right-hand or left-hand use
3) TROJAN SNIPS
Trojan snips are slender-bladed snips used for straight or curved cutting. The blades are small
enough to permit sharp turns, and will also cut outside and inside curves. They are sometimes
known as combination snips.
4) SCROLL PIVOTOR
the scroll-pivoter snips being more suitable for such purposes. The blades of the latter tool
are approximately at right angles and provide clearance for following curves.
5) HAWSKBILL SNIPS
Hawksbill snips can cut inside and outside circles of small radii. Their narrow curved
blades are beveled enough to permit sharp turns without buckling the material.
CUTTERS:
For heavy-duty cutting jobs, a bolt cutter, shown in Fig. 11, is used. These tools
are made in several sizes.
PUNCHES:
Punches are tools used for marking, aligning, and creating holes in various
materials like sheet metal.
1) Centre punch
2) Prick punch
3) Pin punch
4) Letter and number punch
5) Hollow punch
Centre punch: prick punch:
Pin punch: letter and number punch:
Hollow gasket punch:
VISE:
A bench vise is used to hold a specific object and perform different operations, such as
drilling, milling, filing, sawing, and so on.
Types of vise:
1) Bench Vice:
2) Machine Vice:
3) Pipe Vice:
4) Hand Vice:
5) Pin Vice:
6) Leg Vice:
CLAMP
When a vise is not available, a clamp can be used to hold pieces of material together
while they are being worked on.
TYPES OF CLAMP:
1) CLAMP
2) TOOL MAKERS CLAMP
3) HAND SCREW CLAMP
HACKSAW:
A hacksaw is a hand-held tool commonly used in workshops for cutting metal pipes, rods, and
other materials.
CHISEL:
Chisels are primarily used for shaping, cutting, and removing material from wood, metal,
or stone. They are versatile tools used in woodworking, metalworking, and
masonry. Specifically, chisels can be used for tasks like carving, shaping, cutting, scraping, and
cleaning material.
TYPES OF CHISEL:
1) Flat chisel.
2) Diamond point chisel.
3) Cross cut chisel.
4) Cow mouth chisel.
5) Side cut chisel.
6) Round nose chisel.
FILES:
A file is a tool used to remove fine amounts of material from a work piece.
Types of files:
1) Half round file
2) Square file
3) Round file
4) Flat file
5) Triangle file
DRILLING TOOLS:
There are many occasions when it is necessary to drill holes in metal, using a twist drill, a
tool that does its work by slicing metal away as it rotates. With holes up to 1/4 inch in diameter,
the drilling may be done by hand, using a hand drill or breast drill to hold and turn the drills.
Twist drills are also used for cutting larger holes in metal, up to 4 inches in diameter, but
for such purposes are usually operated by power drilling equipment.
Twist drills are made of carbon steel or high-speed alloy steel.
SOCKET AND WRENCHES:
Sockets and ratchets are tools used for tightening and loosening fasteners.
ALLEN KEYS:
Allen keys, also known as hex wrenches or hex keys, are designed to tighten or loosen
hexagonal-shaped bolts and screws.
MACHINE SCREWS:
A screw is an externally helical threaded fastener capable of being tightened or released
by a twisting force (torque) to the head. The most common uses of screws are to hold objects
together.
BOLTS AND NUTS:
Bolts and nuts are essential fasteners used to join, hold, and assemble various
components and structures.
WASHERS:
The primary purpose of most washers is to evenly distribute the load of the threaded
fastener with which they are used.
TAP AND DIE:
In a workshop, taps and dies are used to create screw threads, either by cutting them or
forming them, in various materials like steel, aluminum, and brass.
Taps are used to create internal threads (female threads) in holes, while dies create
external threads (male threads) on rods or shafts.
GEAR AND BEARING PULLER:
A bearing puller is used to remove bearings, gears, or pulleys from shafts.
A typical bearing puller has a forcing screw that is positioned on the end of the shaft and
legs that circle around the back of the bearing.
ANVIL:
Anvils are essential tools in metalworking workshops, primarily used as a stable, solid
surface for hammering, shaping, and cutting metal.
They provide a durable base for various metalworking processes, including forging,
punching, and bending.
WELDING MACHINES AND TOOLS:
Welding Machine:
This is the primary tool for generating the heat needed to melt and fuse metals, offering
various options like MIG, TIG, and stick welding.
